ENDATA130 Illustration for Sample Size Determination and Sampling Process

I. Determination of Sample Size

- Can be done using several available sample size formula.
- The simplest formula for solving sample size is the “Sloven Formula”

The Sloven Formula:

𝑁
𝑛= 1+𝑁𝑒 2

Where: N = population size

n = sample size
e = level of significance = allowable fraction of error
commonly used values:
e = 0.10 (for 10% allowable error)
e = 0.05 (for 5% allowable error)
e = 0.01 ( for 1% allowable error)

Example:
Given: Study conducted to a population of N = 1 million (106) people
Reqd: Sample size (n) to be used using e = 0.10, 0.05, 0.01
Soln:

Sloven Formula Sample Size

e = 0.10 or 10% e = 0.05 or 5% e = 0.01 or 1%
106
𝑛=
1 + 106 (0.10)2
𝑁
𝑛= n = 99.99 or n = 100 n = 399.84 = 400 n = 9900.99 = 9901
1 + 𝑁𝑒 2

II. Sampling Process

A. Probability or Random Sampling -
1.) Simple Lottery or Simple Random Sampling
a.) without replacement
b.) with replacement
c.) Random Sampling using Table of Random numbers or Calculator with Random Number Generator
Ex: Generate a random number, sample to be chosen is based on the last 5 digits
Random No. = 3456804567 using the masterlist with names already numbered
2.) Systematic Sampling – each element in the population is numbered and a sampling interval, k, is
computed. The sample is chosen every “kth” element in the population beginning with a random start.
Note: Computation of Sampling interval,
k = N/n

Ex: Given: N = 106 ; n = 400

Solving for sampling interval k:

k = 106/400 = 2500

In selecting the 400 sample from 106 population with masterlist available;

3.) Stratified Sampling – applicable when the population is classified into different groups or strata according
to some characteristics that is important to the study. A proportional allocation of the number of elements in
each stratum or group is included in the sample.

Given: Population N =106 residents

Consists of : male = 48% of the population = 480,000 males
Female = 52% of the population = 520,000 females

Reqd: Use Stratified sampling based on gender to choose sample of 400 residents
Sol’n:
Composition of the sample:
Male = 48% (n) = 0.48 (400) = 192 males
Female = 52%(n) = 0.52(400) = 208 females

4.) Cluster or Area Sampling – elements in the sample is chosen from intact group or clusters that is
representative of the population.
Ex: Population = employees in Bacolod City
Sample is chosen by cluster like by nature of employer as private or government.

5.) Multistage Sampling - elements from various levels of categories in the population is chosen such as
according to provinces, regions, cities.
Ex: Population = College students of UNO-R
Sample may be chosen proportionately based on
Stage 1= by Course or Program
Stage 2 = by year levels in each program