The title page:

Report Title 3 Phase Synchronous generators

Course name Electrical Machines

Student name Student ID

Mohamed Yahia Mohamed Hassan 7162
Experiment:
3 phase synchronous generator tests

Objective:
To find the parameters of synchronous generator (Ra, Xs)

Introduction:
Synchronous machines are principally used as alternating current (AC)
generators. They supply the electric power used by all sectors of modern
societies: industrial, commercial, agricultural, and domestic.

Synchronous generators usually operate together (or in parallel), forming a large

power system supplying electrical energy to the loads or consumers.

Synchronous generator converts mechanical power to ac electric power. The

source of mechanical power, the prime mover, may be a diesel engine, a steam
turbine, a water turbine, or any similar device.

Tests to find circuit parameters

Considering the armature per-phase circuit diagram, the following information
is required to be able to analyse machine performance:

1. Armature resistance, Ra
2. Voltage induced by the field winding, Ea
3. Synchronous reactance, XS

Armature resistance is often neglected, as in large machines it is small relative

to synchronous reactance. If needed, armature resistance can be obtained by a
DC resistance test.

Equivalent circuit per phase:

Equipment:
 Prime mover (DC motor)
 3 phase synchronous generator
 Ammeter
 Voltmeter

1) DC test
Finds Ra

In the DC test, a dc supply is connected at the stator of the synchronous

machine. The reactance (Xs) of the machine will be ‘0’ at DC and there for we
can calculate Ra.

DC test Procedure:
1) Apply dc voltage to stator
2) Adjust dc source until rated current flows

Readings:
Vdc=8.1V Idc=1A

Calculations:

2) Open circuit test

Open Test Procedure:
1) Connect the ammeter and voltmeter as shown above
2) Rotate the machine using a prime mover until it reaches the rated speed
3) Adjust the If and measure the corresponding induced voltage Ea

Readings:

If (A) Ea (V)

0.15 85

0.3 185

0.45 270

0.6 335

0.8 385

1 420

Curve:
 Open circuit characteristic
450
400
350
300
250
Ea (V)

200
150
100
50
0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1

If (A)

3) Short circuit test

Short test Procedure:

1. Connect the ammeter and voltmeter as shown above
2. Rotate the machine using a prime mover until it reaches the rated speed
3. Adjust the If and measure the corresponding induced current Ia

Readings:

If (A) Ia (A)
 0.15

0.3

0.45 1.4

0.6

0.8 2.45

Curve:

Short circuit characteristic

3

2.5

2
Ia (A)

1.5

0.5

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

If (A)

4) Finding Z:
Ea
Z=
√3 × I a
 If (A) Z (Ω)

0.15 109.1

0.3 115.7

0.45 111.4

0.6 107.5

0.8 90.7

1 79

Z Curve
140
120
100
80
Z (Ω)

60
40
20
0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1

If (A)

5) Finding X: X =√ Z 2−R2 =√ 79 2−4.4552 =78.87 Ω