Electrical Engineering Lab 3rd SEMESTER

Lab Instructor: Engr. Ali Hassan

Session: ME-14 Section: Workstation No:
Group Details
Names Registration No. Lab Performance Listen
Lab Report Total
(4) Learnt/
(4) (10)
Viva (2)
Bilal Kamran 403281
Hammas Naveed 407747
M. Hannan 418402
Arslan Rafique 426229

School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

Title:

The verification of KCL and learning about the current divider rule.

Objective:

• To learn about applying the current divider rule for more than two resistors.
• To learn about KCL, that it is equal to the current flowing through individual resistors.
• To learn that the Ammeter should be connected in series to the circuit to obtain accurate
results.

Components required/used:

• Electrical wires.
• Resistors.

Equipment required/used:

• Breadboard.
• Digital multimeter.
• Ammeter.
• DC power supply (battery).

Procedure:

01) First of all,we made circuit on breadboard.

02) Then we connect voltage source to it.

03) Then we opened the circuit and connected Ammeter to join circuit and measure current
through R1.

04) Then we repeat the procees for R2 and R3.

05) Then we calculate total current through circuit.

06) We calculated theoretical current by using Ohm's law.

07)Then we culculated percentage difference.

Simulations:

Arslan Rafique 426229

Hammas Naveed 407747

Bilal Kamran 403281

M. Hannan 418402
Hardware:

Theoretical calculations:

𝑅1 = 2200𝛺

𝑅2 = 1100000𝛺

𝑅3 = 2200𝛺

𝑉 9
𝐼= =
𝑅𝑒𝑞 1098.901

𝐼 = 8.19𝑚𝐴

Current through R1: -

𝐼 × ሺ𝑅2 ∥ 𝑅3ሻ 8.19 × 10−3 × 2195.6

𝐼1 = = = 4.09𝑚𝐴
ሺ𝑅2 ∥ 𝑅3ሻ + 𝑅1 2195.6 + 2200

Current through R2: -

𝐼 × ሺ𝑅1 ∥ 𝑅3ሻ 8.19 × 10−3 × 1100

𝐼2 = = = 8.18µ𝐴
ሺ𝑅1 ∥ 𝑅3ሻ + 𝑅2 1100 + 1100000

Current through R3: -

𝐼 × ሺ𝑅1 ∥ 𝑅2ሻ 8.19 × 10−3 × 2195.6

𝐼3 = = = 4.09𝑚𝐴
ሺ𝑅1 ∥ 𝑅2ሻ + 𝑅3 2195.6 + 2200
Experimental calculations:

Total experimental current:

𝐼 = 8.355𝑚𝐴

8.19 − 8.355
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = × 100 = 2.01%
8.19
Current through R1:

𝐼1 = 3.9979𝑚𝐴

4.09 − 3.9979
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = × 100 = 2.25%
4.09

Current through R2: -

𝐼2 = 27.07 µ𝐴

8.18 − 27.07
𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = × 100 = 230.9%
8.18

Current through R3: -

𝐼3 = 3.9946 𝑚𝐴

4.09 − 3.9946
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = × 100 = 2.38%
3.9946

Results and Discussion:

The results are shown in the table below: -

S# Current Theoretical Experimental Percentage

Current current difference (%)
1 I1 4.09mA 3.9979mA 2.25
2 I2 8.18 µ𝐴 27.07µA 230.9
3 I3 4.09mA 3.9946mA 2.38
4 I 8.19𝑚𝐴 8.355mA 2.01
Th theoretical current is almost like the experimental one in almost every case except for R2, this
is because it was a large resistance and the current kept on fluctuating while being measured.
However, in both cases we can say that: -

𝐼1 + 𝐼2 + 𝐼3 ≈ 𝐼

The error in the experimental values is far greater because of several reasons including: -

• Faulty apparatus.
• Fluctuation of reading.
 • Fault of student.

Lessons Learnt

01) we learnt about the current divider rule.(Hammas Naveed)

02) We learnt how to use Ammeter to measure current.(Arslan Rafique)

03) We learn about Kirchoff's current law(kcl).(Bilal Kamran)

04) We learn about safety precautions while working with an ammeter.(M. Hannan)