Lesson 6:

The Properties of
Molecules Based
on Polarity
 REVIEW:
Identify the molecular shape of the following molecules.

Trigonal
LINEAR Bent Pyramidal

TRIGONAL TETRAHEDRAL OCTAHEDRAL

PLANAR
 POLARITY
Is the state or a condition having both positive
and negative charges, especially in case of
magnetic or an electrical dipole.
How do molecules attract
one another?
• The separation of
charges makes the
bond polar. It
creates an electric
dipole.
• Dipole refers to
“two poles,”
meaning there is a
positive and a
negative pole
within a molecule..
• Polar attraction
happens when two
opposite charges are
near each other. The
negative end of one
molecule is
attracted to positive
end of the other. The
separation of charges
is the result in a
strong force of
attraction between
molecules.
• On the other hand, non-polar molecules do not have
positive and negative ends, so the attraction is
very minimal if none at all.
 How are the physical
properties and attraction
of molecules related?
Physical properties of substances are affected by the
attractive forces between particles. Greater attraction
between molecules means more energy is required to
overcome these attractive forces.

Melting Point Solubility

& Boiling Point
• MELTING POINT is the • BOILING POINT is the
temperature at which temperature at which a
solid turns into liquid. liquid turns into gas.

• Heat is needed to break the force of attraction between

molecules to reach the melting or boiling point.
• Polar molecules have relatively stronger forces of attraction
than nonpolar molecules.
• Greater amount of heat is needed to break these forces therefore
polar molecules have higher melting points than nonpolar
molecules.
Polar Nonpolar
 Molecular Compounds
Substance Melting Point (℃) Boiling Point (℃)
𝐻2 (𝑔) -259 -253
𝐶𝑙2 (𝑔) -102 -34
𝐻2 𝑂 (𝑙) 0 +100
𝐶6 𝐻12 𝑂2 (𝑙) +33 +175

𝐶6 𝐻12 𝑂 6 (𝑠) +146 Decomposes at

+188
*Nonpolar
*Polar
 Molecular Compounds
Substance Number of Melting Point Boiling Point (℃)
electrons in a (℃)
molecule
𝐻2 (𝑔) 2 -259 -253
𝑁2 (𝑔) 14 -210 -196
𝑂2 (𝑔) 16 -219 -183
𝐹2 (𝑔) 18 -220 -188
𝐶𝑙2 (𝑔) 34 -102 -34
𝐵𝑟2 (𝑙) 70 -7.2 +59
𝐼2 (𝑠) 106 +114 +184
 Solubility
is the ability of a solid, liquid, or gaseous
chemical substance (referred to as the solute) to
dissolve in solvent (usually a liquid) and form a
solution.
Solubility

Salt & Water

 Miscibility
Is the ability of the two liquids to combine or mix in all
proportions, creating a homogeneous mixture.
Miscibility
 “Like dissolves like”

Nonpolar to Polar to
Nonpolar Polar to Polar Nonpolar
 What about iodine? Will it dissolve in water or in
carbon tetrachloride, CCl4?
• Iodine is more likely to dissolve in CCl4. Iodine
and carbon tetrachloride are both nonpolar
molecular compounds, while water is a polar
molecular compound.
• There are no significant attractions between
the nonpolar I2 molecules and polar water
molecules that would cause molecules of I2 to
separate.
 Activity:
On a 1 whole sheet of paper, search on the following substances and fill
in the table below. Give and explain what you have learned from it.