AIM:- To determine the resistivity of two/three wires by plotting a graph for potential difference vs

current.

Apparatus Required:- Two wires of unknown resistances, Battery, Voltmeter, Ammeter, Rheostat,
Plug Key, Connecting wires, piece of Sand Paper.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:-

Theory:- According to Ohm’s law, the electric current flowing through a conductor is
directly proportional to the potential difference across its ends, provided the physical
state (pressure, temperature, and dimensions) of the conductor remains unchanged.

If I is the current flowing through the conductor and V is the potential difference
across its end, then

V∝ I

and hence

V = RI

Where R is the constant of proportionality and is termed as the electrical resistance

of the conductor. Resistance R depends on the dimensions and material of the
conductor. The relationship between the resistance of a material and its length and
area of the cross-section is given by the formula
R= ρl/A
Where ρ is the specific resistance or resistivity and is a characteristic of the material
of the wire.

OBSERVATION:-

Range of ammeters = _____ A to _____ A

The least count of ammeter = _____ A

Range of voltmeter = _____ V to ____ V

The least count of voltmeter = _____ V

The least count of meter-scale = _____ m

The least count of screw guage = _____ m

READING FOR FIRST WIRE:-

Length of the given wire, l = _____ m

Diameter of the wire = _____ m2

S.No. Potential Difference (V) Current (I)

READING FOR SECOND WIRE:-

Length of the given wire, l = _____ m

Diameter of the wire = _____ m

S.No. Potential Difference (V) Current (I)

CALCULATIONS:-

FOR FIRST WIRE

1. From Graph between Potential Difference(V) and Current(I)

R = ΔV/ ΔI
R= _____ Ohms
2. Radius of the wire(r) = Diameter of the wire(d)/2
R = d/2
=_____ m
3. Area of the Wire(A) = π r2
= __________
m2
4. Resistivity of the Wire (ρ) = RA/l
= ________ Ohm meter

FOR SECOND WIRE

1. From Graph between Potential Difference(V) and Current(I)

R = ΔV/ ΔI
R= _____ Ohms
2. Radius of the wire(r) = Diameter of the wire(d)/2
R = d/2
=_____ m
3. Area of the Wire(A) = π r2
= __________
m2
4. Resistivity of the Wire (ρ) = RA/l
= ________ Ohm meter
RESULT:-
1. The Resistivity of the First Wire Comes out to be ________ Ohm meter.
2. The Resistivity of the Second Wire Comes out to be _______ Ohm meter.

SOURCES OF ERROR:-

1. Zero Error in Voltmeter, Ammeter, scale and screw guage.

2. Error in measurement due to parallax.

PRECUATION:- The connection should be tight.

The reading should be taken without parallax.

Make sure that the connecting wires rust free.