International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)

ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-4, November 2019

Computational Analysis of RCC Slab (Simply

Supported) Using C Software Language
S.Suchithra, M.R.Navajeeva, G.S.Rampradheep, C.Naveen kumar, S.Padakalingam

Abstract: Slab design is done mainly by manual method or
using design and analysis software. In this article, a C coding has
been done for the design of a simply supported reinforced
concrete slab. The design of slabs will differ depending upon the
support conditions and also on end conditions. The load
condition can also be a variable factor. The design criteria will
change with the grade of concrete used, the exposure conditions.
These criteria have not taken into account in the coding
procedure. Indian standard design procedure has been followed,
and the clauses in the IS456-2000, has been followed during the
coding. This coding has done to overcome the delay in the
manual calculations, to obtain the accuracy in the result
calculations. As slab is an import element in the structural design
aspect, it has to be designed very carefully. As an input value, the
steel area calculation has to be done manually in this procedure.
Also the unit conversion is not allowed in the coding, and all the
dimensions are to be submitted in meters only.
At present the slabs are load carrying members in various
locations in different forms with different materials. When
loads act on the slab, the material has to be deflected. The
top phase of the slab leads to contraction and bottom phase
of the slab leads to expansion. The main function of the slab
is to transfer load to column via beams. There are various
methods obtained for analysis of slabs like finite element
method [1] etc., There are some certain steps and procedures
to design the slabs. Nowadays those design procedures are
calculated manually or by using MS excel spreadsheets.
Here simply supported slab design done by C programming
software language and the results are analyzed.
II. SIMPLY SUPPORTED SLABS

Key words: Simply supported slabs, slab behaviors, C
language, slab designs.
I. INTRODUCTION
A slab is one of the important elements of all type
buildings. Slabs are constructed to transfer loads to the
beams with flat surfaces, usually horizontal in building
floors, roofs and other types of structures. There are two
types one way slab (to carry the loads in one direction) and
two way slab (to carry the loads in both directions). There
are different types of materials are used in slabs like
concrete, brick, stone, timber and steel. The main
advantages of slabs are economical, stable, and protective.
A simply supported slab is one type of slab with its ends
simply supported on two walls or beams free to bend at the
ends without any restraint unlike a fixed beam. This has
only one span. A continuous slab has number of supports at
series manner. In other words a continuous slab has more
than one span. All the spans may be equal or unequal span.
Thus if the number of supports are n, then the number of
spans would be (n-1). Basically simply supported slabs are
classified into two types.
Types of simply supported slabs:
 One way slab
 Two way slab

III. ONE WAY SLAB

Manuscript published on November 30, 2019.
* Correspondence Author
Dr.S.Suchithra*, Associate professor, Civil department,
Engineering College, Erode, Tamil nadu
M.R.Navajeeva, Under graduate student, Civil department,
Engineering College, Erode,Tamil nadu
Dr.G.S.Rampradheep, Associate professor, Civil department,
Engineering College, Erode, Tamil nadu
C.Naveen kumar, Under graduate student, Civil department,
Engineering College, Erode, Tamil nadu
S.Padakalingam, Under graduate student, Civil department,
Engineering College, Erode, Tamil nadu
One way slab is a type of slab to carry the load along one
direction [2]. The ratio of longer span to shorter span is
equal or greater than 2, is considered as one way slab
because this slab will bend in one direction i.e. in the
direction along its shorter span. Generally all the cantilever
Kongu
slabs and verandah slabs are one way slab.
Kongu
(Longer span/Shorter span) ≥ 2
Kongu
Kongu
Kongu

© The Authors. Published by Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and

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DOI:10.35940/ijrte.D6980.118419 and Sciences Publication (BEIESP)
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 Computational Analysis of RCC Slab (Simply Supported) Using C Software Language

was used.
Steel:
Highly deformed bars of different grades Fe 415, Fe 500
haves been used. The yield strength of these highly
deformed bars is likely to be 250 N/mm2.

VI. BEHAVIOR OF SLAB

Figure 1: One way Slab
IV. TWO WAY SLAB
Two way slab is a type of slab which carried by the four
supports along both directions [2]. In two way slab, the ratio
of longer span to shorter span is less than 2. Load will be
transferred in both the directions. So, reinforcement is
cranked in both directions for two way slabs.
(Longer span/Shorter span) ≤ 2
When loads act on the slab, the material has to be
deflected. Mostly dead load, live load are vertical loads
and wind loads act laterally in the structure. The top phase
of the slab leads to contracted and bottom phase of the slab
leads to expanded, likewise the slabs behave when loads
are acting. The main function of the slab is to transfers
load to column which is also called as compression
member.

Figure 3 : Tensile and compression Zones

of slab

VII. LOAD TRANSFER IN SLABS

In one way simply supported slabs the loads are always

Figure 2: Two way Slab transferred in one direction only.

V. MATERIALS USED FOR SLABS

Cement:
One of the popular types of cement used for construction
is Portland Pozalano Cement. Cement used in the
investigation was 53 grades Ordinary Portland Cement
confirming to code [3]. The specific gravity of cement is
3.15.
Figure 4: Load transfer in one way slab
Fine aggregate:
Fine aggregate/sand is an accumulation of grains of In two way slab, the ratio of longer span to shorter span is
material matter derived from the disintegration of rocks. less than 2. In two way slabs, load will be transferred in both
The aggregate which passing through 4.75mm sieve is the directions.
taken as fine and its specific gravity is 2.68
Coarse aggregate:
Coarse aggregate are the crushed stone, which are used
for making concrete. The maximum size of aggregate was
20mm and specific gravity 2.78. Quantity of concrete
materials increases with span increment [1]
Water:
Water should be free from acid, oil, alkalis, vegetables Figure 5: Load transfer in two way slab
or other organic impurities. For manufacturing the
concrete, the tap water available in the concrete laboratory

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DOI:10.35940/ijrte.D6980.118419 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
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 International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)
VIII. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
There are some certain steps and procedures to be
followed to design the slabs.
Check for one way or two way slab:
The ratio of longer span to shorter span is equal or
greater than 2, considered as one way slab. In two way slab,
the ratio of longer span to shorter span is less than 2
Calculation of Nominal cover, effective depth and
effective span:
The deflection of the slab can be kept under control if
the ratios of effective span to effective depth of one-way
slabs are taken up from the provisions in cl.23.2 of IS 456-
2000[2].
Based on IS 456-2000
For Mild exposure = 20 mm
For Moderate exposure = 30 mm
Effective depth = depth of slab - clear cover - half of
diameter of bar
Effective span of slab shall be lesser of the two
1. L = clear span + d (effective depth)
2. L = Centre to centre distance between the support
Calculation of shear force and bending moments:
The total factored (design) loads are to be determined
adding the estimated dead load of the slab, load of the floor
finish, given or assumed live loads etc. [2] after multiplying
each of them with the respective partial safety factors. Live
Load values are taken from the Code IS 875-1987 Part 2[4].
Thereafter, the design positive and negative bending
moments and shear forces are to be determined using the
respective coefficients given Tables 12 and 13 of IS 456-
2000[2]
Check for under or other reinforcements:
Mu,lim = 0.36 (Xmax/2)[1-0.42(Xmax/2)]bd2fck
If Mu,lim greater than factored moment the section is in
under reinforcements i.e. the section is safe. If Mu,lim is
less than factored moment the section is in other
reinforcements i.e. the section is not safe. We need to
increase the depth or loads needs to be minimized. Here
from the above formula (Xmax/2) is limiting values of depth
of neutral axis can take from IS 456-2000[2] for different
grades of steels. d be the effective depth of the slab, fck be
the characteristic strength.
Determination of area of steel and spacing
reinforcement:
Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d [1 –( (Ast)(fy)/(fck)(bd))]
The above equation is applicable as the slab in most of
Retrieval Number: D6980118419/2019©BEIESP
DOI:10.35940/ijrte.D6980.118419
Journal Website: www.ijrte.org
ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-4, November 2019
the cases is under reinforced due to theselection of
depth larger than the computed value in Step 4.
The area of steel so determined should be checked
whether it is at least the minimum area of steel as
mentioned in cl.26.5.2.1of code [2]. The amount
of steel reinforcement along the large span shall
be the minimum amount of steel as per cl.26.5.2.1
[2]. According to the cl.26.5.2.1 [2] the mild steel
reinforcement in either direction in slabs shall not
be less that 0.15 percent of the total cross
sectional area. Also, this value can be reduced to
0.12 percent when high strength deformed bars or welded
wire fabric are used
Spacing of reinforcement = ((ast)/ (Ast))*1000
Where ast = 2 /4
d=diameter of the steel bars.
Ast be the determined area of steel from step 5
Check for shear:
Design shear stress needs to be greater than nominal shear
stress for the safety of provided slab.
v=Vu/(b*d)
v = Nominal shear stress
d = effective depth
Vu= Factored shear
Design shear value can be taken from the code IS 456-
2000[2] with percent of reinforcement.
Percent of steel reinforcement = Astprov*1000/Sprov
Astprov be the provided area of steel in tension zone
Sprov be the provided spacing of bars in tension zone.
Design shear should be greater than Nominal shear value to
assume slab section is safe.
Check for Deflection:
(l/d)max > (l/d)actual
If the above condition is true Slab is safe against deflection
(l/d)max : From the code IS 456-2000[5]
l= length in shorter span
d= effective depth
This is the theoretical method to obtain and ANSYS
software is used for the experimental methods [6]
IX. EXPERIMENTAL WORK
In our work these design procedures and calculations
are performed by C language.
Input:
 Code blocks compiler is used for the compiling.
 Input statements are given using C language.
 Call by functions method is used
 No arguments are passed within the functions
of  Usual pre-defined functions like printf and scanf
functions are used
 The code can be working by two methodology of
calculation of one way and
two way slabs.
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 Computational Analysis of RCC Slab (Simply Supported) Using C Software Language

 One way slab calculations and values can be obtained

by main functions itself, when the given slab is two way
then the codes in main functions are disabled and then
compiler compiles through the below user defined
functions.
 These two codes can be divided and working by if
statements. The given statements below are the user
defined statements we used.

 The given above are called without return value

in the main function

 The execution time of the code for one slab is

approximately 126.43 seconds
Output:
Check for one way or two way and calculation of
dimensions of slab:

Reinforcement and spacing calculations:

Load calculation and area of steel:

Check for shear:

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DOI:10.35940/ijrte.D6980.118419 Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering
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 International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)
Check for Deflection:
X. CONCLUSION
 Computational methods using C language is used
to determine design values and load calculations of
slabs
 The C coding is sufficient for design of RCC
simply supported slabs.
 Satisfied results are obtained for this
programming when compared to manual
calculations or Excel spread sheets.
 These programing logics can be further
improved to design the other RCC structural
members.
 Drawback of this method is the manual calculation
to determine the area of steel.
 All input values are provided in meter and output
values are displayed in meter.
 Code Blocks Compiler is used to run this program
 Simple user defined functions and pre-defined
functions are used in this coding and there is no
looping statements used in this coding.
Retrieval Number: D6980118419/2019©BEIESP
DOI:10.35940/ijrte.D6980.118419
Journal Website: www.ijrte.org
3505
ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-4, November 2019
AUTHOR PROFILE
Dr.S.Suchithra is presently working as
Associate Professor at Kongu Engineering
College. She has a professional experience of
15 years. More than 25 papers have been
published in various National and International journals and
conferences. She has won best mentor award, Best Women
Engineer in Civil Engineering award. She has organized around
10 National level as well as international level conferences and
seminars.
Mr.M.R.Navajeeva is presently final year
Civil Engineering student, with strong academic
background. He has won several national level
technical and non-technical competitions.
Dr. Rampradheep G.S. is working as an
Associate Professor in the Department of
Civil Engineering at Kongu Engineering
College, Perundurai, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India. He is the
recipient of various awards includes National Concrete Canoe
Challenge under ASCE-SRM Student Chapter, ACI
International Travel Stipend, ACI Chapter activities award, Best
mentor award, best paper award, IEI Young Engineer Award
(Erode Chapter), Dr.APJ Abdul Kalam Award, IEEE Consumer
Society etc., from the Government agencies and reputed
organisations.
C.Naveen Kumar is presently final year
Civil Engineering student, with
outstanding academic and extra-
curricular background. He has won
several national level technical and non-
technical competitions.
S.Padakalingam is presently final year
Civil Engineering student, with strong
academic background.
REFERENCES
1. Sudhir Singh Bhaduria, Nitin Chhugani, Comparative Analysis and
Design of Flat and Grid Slab System with Conventional Slab System,
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
(IRJET), Volume: 04 Issue: 08 | Aug -2017
2. IS 456:2000, Plain and Reinforced Concrete; – Code of Practice
(Fourth revision), Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
3. IS 12269 : 1987, Specification for 53 grade ordinary Portland cement,
Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India
4. IS 875 (part-2)-1987, Code of practice for design loads for buildings
and structures, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
5. P.V.L Narasinga Rao1, S. Sai Nithin2, Sk. Javed Ali3 and V.S.
Vani4, Comparative Study of Design Slabs , International Journal of
Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering, Volume 4, Issue 3
March - 2018
6. Naresh Reddy G. N, Muthu K. U, Analysis of Simply Supported
Reinforce Concrete Skew Slabs, International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology Volume 8, Issue 11, November 2017,
pp. 121–128
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