Lesson 8

HAZARD ANALYSIS
AND
RISK MANAGEMENT
‫تحليل المخاطر و إدارة الخطر‬

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 OBJECTIVES:
Upon the completion of this lesson the participant will be
able to:

Recognize the different types of hazards.

:

 Evaluate the different types of hazards.

Control hazards by creating a safe work

environment and Using safe work practices.
 Risk Assessments
Risk assessment is vital part of the 5-Star
and helps one determine the potential
likelihood and the potential severity of loss
of hazard or near miss incident. It helps
predicts what could have happened under
slightly different circumstances.

‫ نجوم و يساعد في تحديد االحتمال‬5 ‫تقييم المخاطر هو جزء حيوي من‬

‫ كما أنه‬.‫و الشدة المحتملة للخسائر من األخطار أو الحوادث الوشيكة‬
.‫يساعد على توقع ما يمكن أن يحدث في ظل ظروف مختلفة قليال‬
 Risk Assessments
Five steps in the risk :‫خمس خطوات في عملية تقييم المخاطر هي‬
assessment process are:
Hazard Identification. .‫•تحديد األخطار‬

Risk analysis Evaluation ‫•تحليل وتصنيف المخاطر‬

Risk Control ‫•التحكم بالمخاطر‬

Record and Implement ‫•تسجيل النتائج وتنفيذها‬

Review and Update ‫•مراجعة وتحديث التقييم‬

Risk control comes after finish those steps

‫السيطرة على المخاطر تأتي بعد االنتهاء من هذه الخطوات‬
 HAZARD DIFFENITION

A hazard is the potential for harm.

‫الخطرهو احتمال اإلصابة‬
In practical terms,
a hazard often is associated with a condition
or activity that, if left uncontrolled, can result
in an injury or illness

‫الخطرغالبا ً ما يكون مصاحب لظروف أو أنشطة لو تركت بدون‬

‫السيطرة عليها فإنها تسبب إصابة أو مرض‬

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 EXAMPLES OF A HAZARD
Workplace Hazard Example of Hazard Example of Harm Caused

Thing ‫أشياء‬ Knife ‫سكينة‬ Cut ‫قطع‬

Substance ‫مواد‬ Benzene ‫بنزين‬ Leukemia ‫لوكيميا‬
Material
‫خامات‬ Asbestos ‫مادة اإلسبست‬ Mesothelioma ‫ورم‬
Source of Energy
Electricity ‫كهرباء‬ Shock, electrocution , ‫تكهرب‬
‫مصدر الطاقة‬ ‫صدمة‬
‫الحالة‬
Condition Wet floor ‫أرضيات مبتلة‬ Slips, falls ‫ السقوط‬, ‫التزحلق‬

Process Metal fume fever

‫اإلجراء‬ Welding ‫اللحام‬ ‫حمى دخان املعادن‬

Practice‫األداء‬ Hard rock mining Silicosis

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 Risk Assessment
Hazard Identification

Hazards in work place:

Electrical hazard Work in height (GIS SWG,
Overhead lines, transformers)
 Risk Assessment
Hazard Identification

Hazards in work place:

chemical hazards(transformer oil, acid batteries
and SF6)
 Risk Assessment
Hazard Identification
Risk : The likelihood that the ‫ إلى جانب‬،‫ احتمال أن يحدث الضرر‬:‫المخاطر‬
harm will occur, coupled with ‫ الشدة‬/ ‫العواقب‬

the consequences/severity.

A risk analysis can be defined

as: the calculation and :‫يمكن تعريف تحليل المخاطر على النحو التالي‬
quantification of probabilities .‫ لذلك الخطر‬،‫حساب وتقدير االحتماالت و الشدة‬

and consequence as a result

of a risk.
 Risk Assessment
Hazard Identification

Risks in work place

Electrical shocks, Arc ‫المخاطر في مكان العمل‬
‫ السقوط من‬،‫ القوس الكهربائي‬،‫الصدمات الكهربائية‬
flash, falling from height ،‫ وحرق الجلد من األحماض‬،‫مكان مرتفع‬
place, skin burned from .)‫ الخ‬......... ‫واالختناق في مكان ضيق‬

Acids, suffocation in
confined space………etc.)
Hazard & Risk
 JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS DIFFENITION
a technique that focuses on job tasks as a way to identify hazards before
they occur
‫هو أسلوب يركز على المهام العملية في العمل كطريقة للتعرف على المخاطر قبل وقوعها‬

Probability Severity Risk

‫االحتمالية‬ ‫الخطورة‬ ‫مخاطرة‬

Preliminary risk levels can be provided in

the hazard analysis
‫مستوى املخاطراألولية يمكن تقديمها في تحليل املخاطر‬

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 What must be done to be safe?

think about your job and plan

for hazards.
‫فكر في عملك و خطط للمخاطر‬

understand and
#Recognize
hazards To avoid
injury or death
‫افهم و تعرف على املخاطر‬
‫لتجنب االصابة او الوفاة‬
#Evaluate
the situation you are in and
assess your risks
‫قيم املوقف وحدد املخاطر‬

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 How to control hazards ?

Creating a safe
work
environment.
‫بخلق جو عمل آمن‬

Using safe work

practices
‫باستخدام ممارسات عمل آمنة‬

Reporting hazards
to the responsible
supervisor
‫بتقديم تقرير املخاطر‬
‫للمشرف املسئول‬
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Unsafe work environment
Unsafe work practices
 To be safe

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 HAZARD DIFFENITION
A hazard is the potential for harm.
practical terms a hazard often is
associated with a condition or activity
that if left uncontrolled can result in an
injury or illness.
 INCIDENT DIFFENITION
Incident :
An ​event that is
either ​unpleasant or ​unusual.
NEAR MISS ACCEDENT
 JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS
DIFFENITION

• A job hazard analysis is a technique that

focuses on job tasks as a way to identify

hazards before they occur.

 JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS
DIFFENITION

• It focuses on the relationship between the

worker, the task, the tools, and the work

environment.
 JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS
DIFFENITION

• Ideally, after you identify uncontrolled

hazards, you will take steps to eliminate or

reduce them to an acceptable risk level.

1-RECOGNIZING HAZARDS

The first step to protecting yourself is

recognizing hazards you face on the job.

1-RECOGNIZING HAZARDS
1-1 INADEQUATE WIRING
HAZARDS
When a wire is too small for
the current it is supposed to
carry, the wire will heat up.
The heated wire could cause a
fire
1-RECOGNIZING HAZARDS
1-2-EXPOSED
ELECTRICAL PARTS
HAZARDS

If you contact exposed

live electrical parts,
you will be shocked.
1-3 APPROACH BOUNDARIES

• The risk from exposed live parts depends on

your distance from the parts.

• Three “boundaries” are key to protecting

yourself from electric shock and one to protect
you from arc flashes or blasts.

• These boundaries are as shown

1-3 APPROACH BOUNDARIES
OVERHEAD POWER LINE
HAZARDS
• Most people do not realize that overhead power
lines are usually not insulated.

• When dump trucks, cranes, work platforms,

• or other conductive materials (such as pipes and

ladders) contact overhead wires, the equipment
operator or other workers will be shocked.
OVERHEAD POWER LINE HAZARDS
DEFECTIVE INSULATION HAZARDS

 Insulation that is defective or

inadequate is an electrical
hazard.

If you touch damaged power

tools or other equipment,
you will receive a shock.
 OVERLOAD HAZARDS
Overloads in an electrical

system are hazardous

because they can produce

heat or arcing.
 OVERLOAD HAZARDS

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WET CONDITIONS HAZARDS

If you touch a live wire or

other electrical component
and you are standing in even
a small puddle of water you
will receive a shock.
 WET CONDITIONS HAZARDS
• you may become an easy path for electrical current
‫• من املمكن أن تكون مسارلسريان التيار‬

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ADDITIONAL HAZARDS
 Sharp tools and power equipment can cause
cuts and other injuries.
 2- EVALUATING HAZARDS
After you recognize a hazard, your next step is to
evaluate your risk from the hazard

Very low risk

Low Risk

Medium Risk

High Risk

Very High Risk

2- EVALUATING HAZARDS
Risk Evaluation ‫تقدير المخاطر‬
Risk Evaluation ‫تقدير المخاطر‬
Risk Evaluation ‫تقدير المخاطر‬
Risk Evaluation ‫تقدير المخاطر‬
‫التحكم بالمخاطر ‪Risk Control‬‬
‫التحكم بالمخاطر ‪Risk Control‬‬
 3- CONTROLLING HAZARDS
• Prepare yourself for the unexpected by
using safe work practices.
• Use as many safeguards as possible. If one
fails, another may protect you from injury
or death.
 Hazard Control
When it is not possible to eliminate a hazard, you should control the
hazard using the following methods

Personal
Engineering Administrative
Protective
controls controls
Equipment
 Engineering controls
• If hazard elimination or substitution is not
feasible, engineering controls should be
considered next.
• Engineering controls are physical changes to
the work area or process that effectively
minimize a worker's exposure to hazards.
 Hazard Control
 For example,

 consider an operation that generates silica

dust.

A ventilation system may be installed to

control dust (engineering control),

Hazard Control - Administrative

Examples of administrative controls include:

• Limited time exposure to hazards
• Written operating procedures,
• Work practices and Safety and health rules for
employees
 Hazard Control - PPE
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Used when hazards cannot be eliminated through
engineering or administrative controls,
Must consider personal protective equipment
(PPE) necessary for employee protection
 Hazard Control
 Employees are trained and a sign is posted to warn

employees of dangers (administrative controls) and

 Goggles are required to operate the equipment (personal

protective equipment)
 Risk Assessment
Risk Control
The goals of risk control are:
To prevent undesired events occurring.
To avoid risks occurring.
To ensure that preventative action is taken to
reduce risks.
To transfer the risks wherever possible
:‫أهداف السيطرة على المخاطر هي‬
.‫•منع أحداث غير مرغوبه في الحدوث‬
.‫•تجنب المخاطر التي تحدث‬
.‫•التأكد من اتخاذ إجراءات وقائية للحد من المخاطر‬
.‫•نقل المخاطر كلما كان ذلك ممكنا‬
 Risk Assessments
Step 4: Record your findings
Your findings should be written down; and by
recording the findings it shows that you have
identified the hazards, decided who could be
harmed and how, and also shows how you plan
to eliminate the risks and hazards.

‫ سجل النتائج الخاصة بك‬:4 ‫الخطوة‬

‫ وبتسجيل النتائج فإنه يدل على أنك قد‬.‫يجب أن تكتب النتائج‬
،‫ وكيف‬،‫ وحددت من يمكن أن يتعرضوا لألذى‬،‫حددت المخاطر‬
.‫ويظهر أيضا الخطط للقضاء على المخاطر واألخطار‬
 Risk Assessments
Step 5: Review your assessment and
update as and when necessary:

You should never forget that few workplaces

stay the same and as a result this risk
assessment should be reviewed and
updated when required.
‫ مراجعة وتحديث التقييم عند الحاجة‬:5 ‫الخطوة‬
‫يجب أن ال ننسى أن القليل من أماكن العمل تبقى نفسها ونتيجة لذلك‬
.‫ينبغي إعادة النظر في تقييم المخاطر هذا وتحديثه عند الحاجة‬
Risk Assessments
Risk Assessments
 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS EXAMPLES
‫أمثلة للمخاطر الكهربية‬
• IMPROPER GROUNDING ‫تأريض خاطئ‬

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 Inadequate wiring
‫أسالك غير مناسبة‬

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