Processes Isometric Isobaric Isothermal Isentropic Polytropic

V1 = V2 p1 = p2 T 1 = T2 PVk = C PVn = C

P, V & T p1 = p2 V1 = V2 p1V1 = p2V2 p1V1k = p2V2k p1V1n = p2V2n

Relations T 1 T2 T 1 T2
T2/T1 = (P2/P1)(k – T2/T1 = (p2/p1)(n –
1)/k 1)/n
T2/T1 = (V1/V2)k – 1 T2/T1 = (V1/V2)n – 1
Nonflow Reversible p1 (V2 – V1) p1V1 ln V2 p2V2 – p1V1 p2V2 – p1V1
Work 0 mR(T2 – T1) V1 1–k 1–n
Wn Irreversible mR(T2 – T1) mR(T2 – T1)
mRT ln p1
∫pdv Q - ∆U
p2 1-k 1-n

Steady flow V1 (p1 – p2) 0 p1V1 ln V2 k{p2V2 – p1V1} n{p2V2 – p1V1}

Work Ws mR(T1 – T2) V1 1-k 1-n
mRT ln p1 - ∆H Q - ∆H
p2

Processes Isometric Isobaric Isothermal Isentropic Polytropic

 V1 = V2 p1 = p2 T 1 = T2 pVk = C pVn = C
∆U mcv (T2 – T1) mcv (T2 – T1) 0 mcv (T2 – T1) mcv (T2 – T1)
(U2 – U1)

Heat mcv (T2 – T1) mcp (T2 – T1) p1V1 ln V2 0 mcn (T2 – T1)
Q V1
mRT ln p1
p2
Specific cv cp ∞ 0 cn = cv {(k – n)/1 –n)}
heat (c) (k = C)
∆H mcp (T2 – T1) mcp (T2 – T1) 0 mcp (T2 – T1) mcp (T2 – T1)
(H2 – H1)

∆S mcv ln T2 mcp ln T2 mR ln V2 0 mcn ln T2

(s2 – s1) T1 T1 V1 T1
mR ln p1
p2