Review: Post- modification (p.

48) + Chốt cuối bài

Components of complex noun phrase:
- Head noun
- Pre- modifier
- Post- modifier

- Post- modifiers comprise all the items place after the head.
E.g:
The book that you recommended last week
The beautiful painting in the museum
The final episode of the popular TV show that aired last night

- These post- modifiers are realized by preposition phrase, finite clauses (or
relative clause), non- finite clauses, adjectives phrases, noun phrases or
adverbial phrases.
E.g:
+ Prepositional phrase: The girl in the red dress
+ Finite- clause: The girl who is wearing a red dress
+ Non-finite clause: The girl dressed in a red dress
+ Adjectives phrase: The girl beautiful in a red dress
+ Noun phrase: The girl, a dancer
+ Adverbial phrase:

- Major class of post-modification

+ Of-genetive
Has a close correspondence to 'have' sentences:
E.g: Genitive: “The chapters of the book” Corresponding ‘have’ sentence:
“The book has chapters”
Relate to 'be' sentences
E.g “The heart of the city” Corresponding ‘be’ sentence: “The heart is of the
city”
Be used to express the subject or object relation
Eg: The recognition of these results
+ Noun phrase:
 Encode the information
Eg: The hotel Marriott
+ Adjectives phrase
Be regarded as a reduced relative clause
Eg: Something wrong
+ Prepositional phrase
Have a wide range of prepositions that can be used, including the complex
prepositions and those having participle forms
Place: The man on the bus
Time: The lesson on Monday
Manner: That woman with the glasses
+ Non-finite clause
To V: The plan to build a new stadium
V-ing participle, e.g: The cat sleeping in the shade
V-ed participle, e.g: The dog trained at the academy
+ Finite- clause
Can be restrictive or non-restrictive
Begin with relative pronouns: 'who', 'whom', 'whose', 'that' (personal);
'which', 'that', 'what' (non-personal); 'when', a preposition plus 'which' (time);
'where', a preposition plus 'which' (place); and 'why', 'for which' (reason).
While restrictive relative clauses help to define the head noun, the non-
restrictive ones give additional information to it.
Eg: The man who is standing in the corner
+ Adverbial
The room upstair

- Attention:
Their no grammatical limit to the number of post-modifiers occurring in a
noun phrase, considerations of style and comprehensibility will normally
keep them to one or two. Where we have more than one, the relative order
tends to depend on the related properties of length and class, with shorter
modifiers preceding longer ones, prepositional phrases preceding clauses
Eg:
The book on the table covered in dust hasn’t been read in years.
The woman in the green dress talking on the phone is my aunt.