E D \ A _ H D N M U D O A _ E D \ A _ H D
N ahtra ds bhûgards gundhàds trdzbnds
pmr ^mrgahtd?: , tdivaz d gdbs
bgpmrtdhta sakd d pdssd`ag nm tagpm.
D`mrd mfflebdigahta ag 4>?:, håm lmb
dpahds m ediahnärbm qua dvdhàmu ag
Drtmh, gds tdgoâg d taehmim`bd, agag
`rdhnaBhvahtmr
oäsbed pdrta raprasahtdnd
a sud gdbmrpaid eidssa
emhtrboubàåm
pdrd d gasd na km`m; ms Btahs Uuparbmras.
Assd gaeïhbed trmuxa pdrd m sbstagd ugd hmvd edgdnd
na mpàñas pdrd aqubpdgahtms, qua ldz ugd ’trdhsbàåm‗
gdbs sudva ahtra mokatms emguhs a ms suparemobàdnms btahs
gä`bems „ qua paid fbstõrbd sa tmrhdrdg axtragdgahta rdrms
ag Drtmh, euipd nms pidhms gbrdomidhtas na Gastra Drsahdi.
Dpasdr na sarag ugd fdobibndna raidtbvdgahta axeiusbvd
nm Bhvahtmr, ms Btahs Uuparbmras aståm nbspmhçvabs pdrd tmnms
ms km`dnmras dtrdvâs nd emgprd, a såm ugd õtbgd mpàåm na
raemgpahsds pdrd dvahturds.
Ahtratdhtm, m ibvrm oäsbem na ^?: trdz mpàñas na gmnbffl-
edàñas lmednds hms aqubpdgahtms gdbs oäsbems na dvahturd;
drgds, drgdnurds a aseunms. Bssm â u g pmuem lrustrdhta pdrd
di`ugds eidssas eukds fdobibndnas napahnag gubtm pmuem
nassa tbpm na btag. ^dgoâg axbstag pmueds gmnbffledàñas
qua mlaraeag di`m diâg na dugahtms hugârbems emgm oþhus
na dtdqua, ndhm a nalasd.
Zmr bssm, napmbs nm sbstagd odsa prmhtm, emgaàdgms ax-
tahsms naodtas smora tbpms gdbs emgpiaxms na gmnbffledàñas,
gds gubtds nds bnabds iavdhtdnds paim tbga dedodvdg pa-
nbhnm ug pdssm dträs; ug mifdr ug pmuem gdbs dprmluhndnm
smora ms tbpms na btahs qua m km`m mlaraea.
LAB^BÀD_BD
Drgds, drgdnurds a
aqubpdgahtms ag `ardi
Dm emhträrbm nd gdbmrbd nms eahärbms na ldhtdsbd ganbavdi,
Drtmh håm â dpahds ug guhnm na ’aspdnd a gd`bd‗. D nbvar-
sbndna na aiagahtms ldhtästbems a d emgpiaxbndna nm eahärbm
nabxdg gabm haouimsd d eidssbffledàåm na ^mrgahtd; dm gasgm
tagpm qua tagms mrnahs na edvdidrbd ê sarvbàm na rabs, tdgoâg
axbstag ebndnas ﬏utudhtas qua ldzag emgârebm emg saras na
mutrms pidhms, sag ldidr hms emimssms na gatdi pbimtdnms pmr
trmpds purbstds a dutþgdtms dhbgdnms pmr gd`bd.
D prasahàd na Drtçffleas a Bhvahtmras su`ara qua d tae-
hmim`bd nm guhnm astä ag dvdhàm emhstdhta, gubtm gdbs
deaiardnd nm qua m prm`rassm smebdi „ sag qudiquar em-
N M U D O A _
haxåm emg hmssm guhnm, Drtmh pmna ldebigahta sar ugd
gmhdrqubd laundi a dm gasgm tagpm dprasahtdr taehmim`bds
pdraebnds emg ds nd ard vbtmrbdhd aurmpabd.
Bssm nava ra﬏atbr hds mpàñas na aqubpdgahtms pdrd ms
parsmhd`ahs, qua våm diâg nm cbt oäsbem ’ aspdnd, gmefbid a
rdàåm na vbd`ag‗. Mokatms prätbems, emgm emrnds a tmefds,
håm parnardg sud utbibndna hag ag hmssm guhnm gmnarhm,
pmr bssm `drdhtag sau iu`dr hd ibstd, gds quaragms mlaraear
gdbs mpàñas pdrd parsmhd`ahs qua håm nasakdg sõ emgod-
tar dgadàds nbratdgahta, a pralarag rasmivar ds sbtudàñas na
parb`m emg bhtaib`ëhebd a raeursms.
D prmpmstd â ramr`dhbzdr d eidssa na ’Btahs & Uar vbàms‗
ag ebhem edta`mrbds nblarahtas, pdrd nafflhbr emg gdbs pra-
ebsåm ms tbpms na btahs nm km`m; diqubgbd, aqubpdgahtm na
dvahturd, asmtârbems, larrdgahtds a vastuärbm.
Ednd ugd nassds edta`mrbds tag suds pdrtbeuidrbndnas
na ra`rds na usm, ldorbedàåm a praàm. Di`ugds bheiusbva ra-
eaoag d prõprbd ibstd na gmnbffledàñas pdrd ndr gdbs aspdàm
na eustmgbzdàåm dms parsmhd`ahs.
Bgpmrtdhta rassditdr qua btahs diquçgbems håm praebsdg
na hahfugd ditardàåm. Assd edta`mrbd kä luhebmhd gubtm
oag emgm astä, a suds ra`rds ldzag odstdhta sahtbnm emg m
qua â prmpmstm pdrd m eahärbm a sbstagd.
Btahs @ardbs
Assd â ugd edta`mrbd dordh`ahta nagdbs pdrd raeaoar
qudiquar tbpm na ra`rd aspaebdi, diâg na sar ug pmuem `a-
hardibstd nagdbs pdrd m `mstm na di`uhs km`dnmras. Gasgm
dssbg, värbms btahs dqub ahemhtrdnms trdzag imh`ms taxtms ax-
pibedtbvms, m qua
Zmr bssm, pmnarbd sar
erbdragms trësmtbgbzdnm nbvbnbhnm-ms
edta`mrbds; pmr tbpm.
aqubpdgahtm na
dvahturd, larrdgahtds a vastuärbm.
Aqubpdgahtm na dvahturd
Dqub sa ahedbxd tmnm tbpm na btag ûtbi pdrd radibzdr dvah-
turds a axpimrdàñas „ ag rasugm, såm btahs qua emstugdg
tar ug alabtm na km`m qua håm dlatd nbratdgahta ug tasta, sakd
na dtrboutm mu parçebd. Di`uhs axagpims såm emrnd, aspaifm,
gmefbid, pahd, sdem na nmrgbr a tmefd. Assa tbpm na btag
håm pmna raeaoar gmnbffledàñas.
Larrdgahtds
Uåm tmnms ms btahs emguhs qua dlatdg nbratdgahta tastas,
emgm pmr axagpim tmnms ms cbts (qua edheaidg ds pahdibndnas
52
 E D \ A _ H D N M U D O A _
na ∟1 nds parçebds, assahebdigahta emheanahnm ug oþhus na
+1) a btahs qua emheanag oþhus fflxms, emgm d odrrded (+?
ag tastas na Umoravbvëhebd pdrd dedgpdr) a m pâ na edord
(+1 ag tastas na Lmràd pdrd drrmgodgahtm lmràdnm).
\astuärbm
quaHm ibvrm oäsbem,
luhebmhdg assd
na lmrgd sassåm
gubtm mlaraea
sbgbidr trdkas emgpiatms
ês larrdgahtds; di`uhs
edheaidg pahdibndnas (emgm m trdka nd emrta) ahqudhtm
mutrms lmrhaeag oþhus aspaeçfflems (emgm m trdka edgu﬏d-
nm). Hm ahtdhtm, sahtbgms qua gubtms km`dnmras `mstdrbdg
na tar gdbs mpàñas pdrd vastbr saus parsmhd`ahs na lmrgd
dnaqudnd. Zmr bssm, diâg nms trdkas, mlaraeagms di`ugds
mpàñas dnbebmhdbs na paàds. Emgm gastra, vmeë pmna erbdr
mu ditardr oþhus pdrd paàds na rmupds, gds eubndnm pdrd
håm dedodr ahefahnm ms parsmhd`ahs na paquahms oþhus!
Omtds. Ediàdnms rasbstahtas a emhlmrtävabs, lmrhaeag +4
ag tastas na Dtiatbsgm pdrd emrrar. (^$?)
Edpd. Labtd emg emurm rasbstahta pdrd prmta`ar m usuärbm
nm smi a nd efuvd. Zmna vbr emg mu sag edpuz. Lmrhaea +?
ag tastas na rasbstëhebd emhtrd alabtms nm eibgd. (^$1)
Efdpâu. Lmrhaea +4 ag ugd parçebd odsadnd ag Edrbsgd,
asemifbnd hm gmgahtm nd ldorbedàåm. D dpdrëhebd nm efdpâu
`ardigahta astä ib`dnd ê parçebd. Zmr axagpim; ugd odhndhd
emg pbhturd na edvabrd qua nd +4 ag bhtbgbndàåm. (^$?)
Iuvds. Qg pdr na iuvds ralmràdnds qua lmrhaea +4 ag
tastas na Dtiatbsgm pdrd asedidr. (^$?)
Gdhtm na gd`m. Qg taebnm ralmràdnm qua emora tmnm m
emrpm, `ardigahta na emras ouldhtas a gubtm usdnm pmr emhku-
rdnmras. Lmrhaea +? ag tastas na emheahtrdàåm pdrd gd`bds.
Gmnbledàñas pdrd Larrdgahtds a \astuärbm;
Qg btag emg astd gmnbffledàåm â emhstruçnm
na lmrgd eubndnmsd a emg ms gaifmras gdtarbdbs. Dpahds
btahs qua kä lmrhaeag oþhus ag tastas na parçebds pmnag
raeaoar assd gmnbffledàåm, dugahtdhnm assa oþhus ag +4.
Dugahtd m oþhus na parçebd lmrhaebnm pdrd
+?. Zrâ-raqubsbtm; Dprbgmrdnm.
Dugahtd m oþhus na parçebd lmrhaebnm pdrd
+5. Zrâ-raqubsbtm; Gd`bstrdi.
Assd gmnbffledàåm pmna sar dpibednd
ag ug btag qua kä lmrhaàd ug oþhus pdrd ug tasta na
parçebd. Asemifd ugd mutrd parçebd qua utbibzd m gasgm
dtrboutm-efdva; m btag pdssd d lmrhaear m gasgm oþhus
pdrd d sa`uhnd parçebd asemifbnd.
>:
_aemgpahsdhnm
_aemgpahsdhnm omds bnabds
Dpasdr na aqubpdgahtms na dvahturd håm pmnarag
raeaoar gmnbffledàñas, m gastra pmna, emg edutaid,
pargbtbr qua km`dnmras emgprag mu ldorbquag btahs
nassa tbpm emg d gmnbffledàåm dprbgmrdnm vbheuidnd
d
d usms aspaeçfflems
luhàåm oäsbed nmnabtag.
parçebds qua ldàdg sahtbnm emg
Zmr axagpim, vmeë pmna pargbtbr ugd emrnd
dprbgmrdnd qua lmrhaea +? na oþhus ag tastas na
Dtiatbsgm pdrd asedidr qudhnm utbibzdnd, mu gasgm
ug idgpbåm dprbgmrdnm qua lmrhaea +? ag tastas na
Bhvastb`dàåm pdrd prmeurdr ag imedbs aseurms. Nassd
lmrgd, vmeë pragbd d erbdtbvbndna na saus km`dnmras
sag erbdr prmoiagds na dousm hms tastas na parçebd.
Asmtârbems
Assa tbpm na btag laz sud astrabd dqub gasgm hd Edvarhd
nm Udoar, hd anbàåm 4<5. D bhtahàåm emg asmtârbems ard
ndr mpàñas na aqubpdgahtms pdrd ds eidssas emhkurdnmrds,
prbhebpdigahta dredhbstds, pdrd `dstdr saus rbems tbodras.
Hm ahtdhtm, napmbs na di`ugd naiboardàåm, naebnbgms
qua assa tbpm na btag navarbd sar gdbs ’oäsbem‗. Na demrnm
emg m sahfmr @ubifarga Nab Uvdinb, btahs Asmtârbems såm
pdrd emhkurdnmras m qua drgds guhndhds såm pdrd mutrds
eidssas, aqubpdgahtms edpdzas na gaifmrdr suds fdobibndnas
ag hçvabs odbxms, dhtas na btahs gä`bems astdrag nbspmhçvabs.
Gdbs bgpmrtdhta dbhnd; tmrhdhnm-sa aqubpdgahtms oäsbems,
assas btahs pmnag raeaoar dprbgmrdgahtms a dtâ ahedhtms!
Di`uhs btahs asmtârbems sõ dlatdg ug tbpm na gd`bd, ahtra
dredhd a nbvbhd, aspaebfflednm hd naserbàåm. Btahs qua dlatdg
gd`bds nbvbhds pmnag sar utbibzdnms emgm ug sçgomim sd-
`rdnm, a ms qua dlatdg gd`bds dredhds pmnag sar usdnms
emgm lmem na oruxm. M emhkurdnmr dbhnd praebsd na ugd
gåm ibvra pdrd idhàdr ugd gd`bd.
Edrrbifåm Emhsd`rdnm. Qg tbpm sbhm qua prmnuz ug smg
paeuibdr, dugahtdhnm d EN na suds gd`bds nbvbhds ag +4.
Gd`bds nbvbhds idhàdnds ag divms qua sakdg navmtms na
mutrms nausas tëg sud EN dugahtdnd ag +?. (^$ 41:)
Eatrm Aiagahtdi. @ardigahta labtms na gdnabrd mu gatdi,
assas eatrms tëg panrds praebmsds aspaebdigahta trdtdnds ag
suds pmhtds, dfflhdnds emg ug aiagahtm ahtra äebnm, aiatrb-
ebndna, lm`m a lrbm(asemifbnm hm gmgahtm nd ldorbedàåm).
Tudhnm idhàd ugd gd`bd qua edusd ndhm nm gasgm tbpm
E D \ A _ H D N M U D O A _
nm eatrm, m ndhm nd gd`bd dugahtd ag ug ndnm nm gasgm Zmnarmsm. Lmrhaea ug oþhus na +4 hd EN pdrd rasbstbr
tbpm. (^$ 01). d suds gd`bds.
Astmid Eiarbedi. Qgd ldbxd dnmrhdnd emg sçgomims nbvb- Bgpideävai. Dugahtd m oþhus hd EN pdrd rasbstbr d
hms usdnd dm ranmr nm pasemàm, qua pahna paims mgorms suds gd`bds pdrd +?. Zrâ-raqubsbtm; Zmnarmsm.
dtâ d ebhturd. Uuds gd`bds nbvbhds qua emheanag oþhus tëg
\b`bidhta. M btag usd pdrta na sud gdhd passmdi pdrd
sau vdimr dugahtdnm ag +4 ag divms qua håm såm navmtms `ardr ug edgpm qua nasvbd dtdquas. \meë raeaoa +> ag
na mutrms nausas, a +? ag divms navmtms nm gasgm naus qua Nalasd, gds raeaoa pahdibndna na ∟4ZG. \meë pmna edh-
m vmeë (axeatm vmeë gasgm). (^$ 4::) eaidr a radtbvdr assa alabtm ugd vaz pmr nbd.
Iuvd na Larrm. Qg emhkuhtm na nandbs bhtarib`dnms pmr
emrrahtas. Uuds gd`bds dredhds na diedhea passmdi qua Gdtarbdbs aspaebdbs pdrd btahs asmtârbems;
emheanag oþhus hd Nalasd mu tastas na rasbstëhebds tëg assa Dàm-ruob. \meë pmna `dstdr +? ZG pdrd qua sud gd`bd
oþhus dugahtdnm ag +4. (^$ 4::)
b`hmra qudiquar tbpm na rasbstëhebd d ndhm.
Gandifåm. @rdvdnms emg ugd ruhd passmdi mu sçgomim Dndgdhta. \meë pmna `dstdr +? ZG pdrd rmidr hmvd-
na ugd nbvbhndna, assa gandifåm nbgbhub m eustm na gd`bds gahta rasuitdnms 4 mu ? hms ndnms na ndhm na ugd gd`bd.
na diedhea passmdi ag ―4 ZG. (^$ 4:: )
@aim atarhm. Ua d gd`bd edusdr ndhm na lrbm, vmeë
Mroa. Assd aslard parlabtd, nm tdgdhfm na ugd gdàå, pmna `dstdr +4ZG pdrd raeaoar +4 na oþhus pmr ndnm na
emheahtrd sau pmnar gä`bem. M ibgbta na ZG qua vmeë pmna ndhm. \meë pmna `dstdr +4 ZG dnbebmhdi pdrd trmedr m tbpm
`dstdr ag gd`bds dugahtd ag +4. (^$ 4::) na ndhm na ugd gd`bd pdrd lrbm.
Mstahsõrbm Udhtbfflednm. Assd mord na drta nanbednd ê ug Gdnabrd ^miimh. \meë raeaoa +? ag tastas na rasbstëh-
naus, `ardigahta hd lmrgd na ug odståm mu eatrm, lmrhaea ug ebd emhtrd gd`bd.
ndnm dnbebmhdi nm gasgm tbpm pdrd gd`bds nbvbhds. Napahnah-
nm nd nbvbhndna, dlatd gd`bds na eurd mu gd`bds qua edusdg Gdtârbd vargaifd. ^mnds ds erbdturds ag diedhea eur-
tm (bheiubhnm vmeë) smlrag ugd pahdibndna na ―? ag tmnms
ndhm na travds (asemifbnm nm gmgahtm nd ldorbedàåm). (^$ 01)
ms tastas na rasbstëhebd emhtrd gd`bds.
^mgm na Aspaebdibstd. Ms trdtdnms gä`bems hasta ibvrm
dugahtdg d emgpraahsåm nm emhkurdnmr smora ugd asemid Gbtrdi. \meë pmna `dstdr +? ZG pdrd dugahtdr d EN
na gd`bd (asemifbnd hm gmgahtm nd ldorbedàåm nm tmgm). nd sud gd`bd ag +?.
Ua usdnm emgm dgpibfflednmr, assa tmgm dugahtd d EN na
gd`bds dredhds nd asemid vbheuidnd ag +?. (^$ 01) LAIBZA NAIID EM_^A
\drbhfd Dredhd. Qgd vdrbhfd tçpbed, labtd na gdnabrd na
omd qudibndna a ahtdifdnd emg ruhds dredhds. D EN pdrd
rasbstbr ês suds gd`bds dredhds dugahtd ag +4. (^$ 4::)
Gmnbledàñas pdrd btahs asmtârbems;
Dgpibdnmr.. \meë pmna pd`dr +4 ZG pdrd nmordr d
Dgpibdnmr
ärad nd gd`bd.
Edhdibzdnmr. M ibgbta na ZG qua vmeë pmna `dstdr ag
gd`bds dugahtd ag +4.
Ahâr`bem. M ndhm na suds gd`bds dugahtd ag ug ndnm
nm gasgm tbpm.
Axtahsmr. \meë pmna pd`dr +4 ZG pdrd dtbvdr assa
btag a dugahtdr m diedhea nd gd`bd ag ug pdssm (na eurtm
pdrd gânbm mu na gânbm pdrd imh`m).
Fdrgmhbzdnm. Asemifd ugd gd`bd. Uau eustm nbgbhub
ag ―4 ZG. \meë pmna gundr d gd`bd dlatdnd paim btag emg
ug rbtudi qua axb`a ug nbd a ^$ 4:: ag bh`ranbahtas.
>4