TRUNG TÂM DẠY KÈM RIÊNG English 12 | Unit 9 | 1

UNIT 9: DESERT
Language focus:
 Pronunciation: Full and contracted forms of auxiliaries
 Grammar: So, but, however and therefore
A. VOCABULARY
Word Class Pronunciation Meaning
1. aborigine n /ˌæbəˈrɪdʒəni/ thổ dân, thổ sản
2. acacia n /ə'kei∫ə/ cây keo
3. adapt v /əˈdæpt/ lắp vào, phỏng theo, thích
nghi
4. aerial n /'eəriəl/ trên trời, trên không
5. agent n /'eidʒənt/ tác nhân
6. antelope n /ˈæntɪloʊp/ nai sừng tấm
7. appetizing a /ˈæpɪtaɪzɪŋ/ ngon miệng
8. blanket n /ˈblæŋkɪt/ mền, chăn
9. branch n /bræntʃ/ nhánh (sông), ngả (đường),
cành cây
10. cactus n /ˈkæktəs/ cây xương rồng
11. cause n, v /ˈkæml/ nguyên nhân, gây ra
12. colony n /kɔ:z/ thuộc địa, bầy, đàn
13. corridor n /'kɔləni/ hành lang
14. crawl v /krɔ:l/ trườn, lê bước
15. crest n /krest/ đỉnh, ngọn
16. dehydration n /,di:hai'drei∫n/ sự khử nước
17. dune n /dju:n/ cồn cát, đụn cát
18. eastward a /'i:stwəd/ hướng đông
19. eucalyptus n /,ju:kə'liptəs/ cây bạch đàn
20. expedition n /,ekspi'di∫n/ cuộc thám hiểm, thăm dò
21. explore v /iks'plɔ:/ thăm dò, thám hiểm
22. extensive a /iks'tensiv/ có phạm vi rộng
23. firewood n /'faiəwud/ củi
24. gazelle n /gə'zel/ linh dương
25. growth n /ɡrəʊθ/ sự phát triển,sự gia tăng
26. hospitable v /'hɔspitəbl/ hiếu khách
27. hostile a /'hɔstail/ căm ghét, thù địch
28. hummock n /'hʌmək/ gò đống
29. infrequent a /in'fri:kwənt/ ít xảy ra
30. interpreter n /in'tə:pritə/ người phiên dịch
31. jackal n /ˈdʒækl/ chó hoang sa mạc
32. jerboa n /dʒə:'bouə/ chuột nhảy
33. livestock n /'laivstɔk/ vật nuôi, thú nuôi
34. lizard n /'lizəd/ con thằn lằn
35. loose v /luːs/ thả lỏng
36. moisture n /'mɔist∫ə/ hơi ẩm,nước ẩm đọng lại
37. mosquito n /məs'ki:tou/ con muỗi
38. needle n /'ni:dl/ kim
39. network n /'netwə:k/ mạng lưới, hệ thống
40. parallel adv /ˈpærəlel/ song song

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41. petroleum n /pə'trouliəm/ dầu mỏ
42. prey n /preɪ/ con mồi
43. rainfall n /ˈreɪnfɔːl/ lượng mưa
44. route n /ruːt/ tuyến đường
45. sandstorm n /ˈsændstɔːm/ bão cát
46. seed n /siːd/ hạt giống
47. similar a /ˈsɪmələ(r)/ tương tự
48. slope n /sloup/ dốc, độ dốc
49. spinifex n cỏ lá nhọn
50. steep a /stiːp/ dốc
51. stretch v /stret∫/ kéo dài
52. survey n /'sə:vei/ cuộc điều tra
53. tableland n /ˈteɪbllænd/ vùng cao nguyên
54. unprepared a /ˌʌnprɪˈpeəd/ không chuẩn bị trước
55. walkman n /ˈwɔːkmən/ máy cát-xét nhỏ

1. Match the word in column A to its definition in column B.

1. cause a. to travel to or around an area or a country in order to learn about it
2. colony b. pleased to welcome guests; generous and friendly to visitors
3. explore c. not happening often
4. extensive d. the thing that makes something happen
5. growth e. aggressive or unfriendly and ready to argue or fight
6. hospitable f. the animals kept on a farm, for example cows or sheep
7. hostile g. a country or an area that is governed by people from another, more
8. similar powerful, country
9. infrequent h. covering a large area; great in amount
10. livestock i. an increase in the size, amount or degree of something
j. like somebody/something but not exactly the same

2. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

explore adapt hospitable extensive hostile
branches growth cause appetizing infrequent
a. The police are still trying to investigate the _____ of the fire.
b. The house has _____ grounds. The children enjoy playing there.
c. She climbed the tree and hid in the _____.
d. We have to _____ quickly to the new rules. Otherwise, we we’ll be fired.
e. His letters became _____, then stopped completely.
f. A day isn't really long enough to _____ the town.
g. Plant _____ is most noticeable in spring and early summer.
h. The local people are very _____ to us. They offer us their best speciality.
i. Whenever my mom cooks, there’s always a(n) _____ from the kitchen.
j. I have no idea why he is _____ to me. He always shouts at me.

3. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

after corridors network stretches remained
where comprise camels parallel expedition
Three great (1) _____ of sandy desert almost circle the centre of Australia. To the north of Nullabor
Plain stretches the Great Victoria Desert. In the west, the Gibbon, Great Sandy, and Tanami Deserts (2)
_____ an enormous sandy area. North of Lake Eyre lies the Simpson Desert, the last part of Australia to be
explored.

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The Simpson Desert lies between Lake Eyre in the south, the Macdonnel Ranges in the north, the
Mulligan and the Diamantina Rivers in the east, and the Macumba and Finke Rivers in the west. The first
European entered the Simpson Desert in 1845. But the desert (3) _____ a mystery until Madigan made an
aerial survey in 1929. He named the desert (4) _____ Simpson, President of the South Australian Branch
of the Royal Geographical Society of Australia.
In 1936, Colson and an Australian Aborigine took (5) _____ across the desert. They travelled along the
border of South Australia and the Northern Territory. Three years later Madigan led a scientific (6) _____
across the sand dunes on a more northerly route. Colson and Madigan both travelled eastward across the
Simpson Desert.
In the Simpson Desert there are different types of dunes. In the western part of the desert, there is a
(7) _____ of short dunes, mostly less than 10 metres high. Hummock grasses grow in loose sand on the
crest and spinifex grows in the (8) _____ between dunes and on the more stable slopes.
In the northern part of the desert, the dunes are (9) _____ and separated by corridors of low, open
shrubland. Spinifex grows on the slopes of the dunes. These dunes are deep red-brown, but the sand is
pale in the area (10) _____ Queensland, South Australia and Northern Territory meet. Dry salt lakes up to
70 kilometres long and 15 kilometres wide lie between long dunes with crests 20 metres high.
(Adapted from: Tiếng Anh 12, NXB Giáo Dục Việt Nam)

4. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

covers frightening developing capital climates
formed prevent endless die important
Hello, everybody. In today’s talk, I’m going to tell you something about deserts, what they are and how
they are (1) _____.
Desert is a hot, dry, sandy place. A desert is also a beautiful land of silence and space. The sun shines,
the wind blows, and time and space seem (2) _____. Nothing is soft. The sand and the rocks are hard, and
many of the plants, such as the cactus, have hard needles instead of leaves.
The size and location of the world’s deserts are always changing. Over millions of years, as (3) _____
change and mountains rise, new dry and wet areas develop. But within the last 100 years, deserts have
been growing at a (4) _____ speed. This is partly because of the natural changes, but the greatest desert
makers are humans.
In the 19th century some people living in English colonies in Australia got rabbits from England. Today
there are millions of rabbits in Australia, and they eat every plant they can find. The great desert that (5)
_____ the centre of Australia is growing.
Farming first began in the Tigris-Euphrates, but today the land there is a desert. In dry areas, people
can plant crops on dry and poor land. When there are one or two very dry years, the plants (6) ____, and
the land becomes desert.
In (7) _____ countries, 90 percent of the people use wood for cooking and heat. They cut down trees
for firewood. But trees are (8) _____. They cool the land under them and keep the sun off smaller plants.
When leaves fall from a tree, they make the land richer. When the trees are gone, the smaller plants die,
and the land becomes desert.
Humans can make deserts, but humans can also (9) _____ their growth. Algeria planted a green wall of
trees across the edge of the Sahara to stop the desert sand from spreading. Mauritania planted a similar
wall around its (10) _____. Iran puts a thin covering of petroleum on sandy areas and plant trees. Other
countries build long canals to bring water to the desert areas.
(Adapted from: Tiếng Anh 12, NXB Giáo Dục Việt Nam)

5. Fill the gap in each sentence with the correct form of the word in brackets.
Noun Verb Adjective Adverb
enormousness enormous enormously
advertisement advertise
climate climatic climatically

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looseness loosen loose loosely
mystery mysterious mysteriously
north/ northerner northern/ northerly
roughness roughen rough roughly
sand sandy
science/ scientist scientific scientifically
stability stabilize stable stably
a. A concrete wall has more _____ than a light wooden fence. (stable)
b. A permanent motion machine is _____ impossible. (science)
c. Electricity is a _____ type of energy. (mystery)
d. From New York to Los Angeles is _____ three thousand miles. (rough)
e. Long ago, mammoths of great _____ lived on the earth. (enormous)
f. Most of the shore is rocky, but there is a _____ beach. (sand)
g. Rainfall is the most effective _____ agent in soil forming and conditioning. (climate)
h. The collar _____ around his neck. (loose)
i. The store has an _____ in the newspaper of a special sale. (advertise)
j. The window of my bedroom faces _____. (north)
6. Choose the best option (A, B, C or D) to complete each of the following sentences.
1. Yesterday it was so cold that most streets seemed to be _____ places.
A. desert B. deserted C. deserter D. deserting
2. More and more _____ are very excited at discovering as many interesting things in the deserts as
possible.
A. explores B. explorations C. explorers D. exploratory
3. Can you make a _____ estimate of how much our expedition in the desert may be?
A. rough B. roughly C. roughing D. roughen
4. After Peter had returned from the Sahara desert, he was confined to bed by a _____ disease.
A. mystery B. mysteriousness C. mysteriously D. mysterious
5. _____ is the process by which a piece of land becomes dry, empty, and unsuitable for growing trees
or crops on.
A. Desert B. Desertification C. Desertify D. Deserted
6. Several _____ advanced countries have had plans to make desert more hospitable.
A. science B. scientific C. scientifically D. scientist
7. The desert biome includes the hottest places in the world because it absorbs more _____ from the
sun than land in humid climates do.
A. heat B. hot C. hotly D. heating
8. I wanted to go a more _____ route across Montana.
A. north B. northernmost C. northerner D. northerly
9. We often enjoy walking barefoot across the damp __ to the water's edge.
A. sand B. sanding C. sandy D. sandily
10. If the deserts are _____ managed, there may be troubles for scientific expeditions.
A. loose B. loosen C. loosening D. loosely
11. The exact origin of the universe remains _____.
A. mystery B. a mystery C. a mysterious D. mysteries
B. PRONUNCIATION
1. Choose the word whose underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others.
1. A. reign B. vein C. reindeer D. protein
2. A. work B. form C. stork D. force
3. A. eleven B. elephant C. examine D. exact
4. A. overboard B. cupboard C. aboard D. keyboard

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5. A. assure B. pressure C. possession D. assist
6. A. species B. invent C. medicine D. tennis
7. A. superstar B. harvest C. particular D. part
8. A. deal B. teach C. break D. clean
9. A. supported B. approached C. noticed D. finished
10. A. laughs B. drops C. maintains D. imports
11. A. justice B. campus C. culture D. brush
12. A. date B. face C. page D. map
13. A. played B. planned C. cooked D. lived
14. A. dressed B. dropped C. matched D. joined
15. A. walk B. call C. take D. talk
16. A. find B. think C. drive D. mind
17. A. missed B. talked C. watched D. cleaned
18. A. hood B. hook C. stood D. tool
19. A. canal B. journal C. refusal D. infernal
20. A. definition B. politician C. situation D. production
2. Choose the word whose stressed syllable is different from that of the others.
1. A. adorable B. ability C. impossible D. entertainment
2. A. engineer B. corporate C. difficult D. different
3. A. popular B. position C. horrible D. positive
4. A. selfish B. correct C. purpose D. surface
5. A. permission B. computer C. million D. perfection
6. A. scholarship B. negative C. develop D. purposeful
7. A. ability B. acceptable C. education D. hilarious
8. A. document B. comedian C. perspective D. location
9. A. provide B. product C. promote D. profess
10. A. different B. regular C. achieving D. property
11. A. education B. community C. development D. unbreakable
12. A. politics B. deposit C. conception D. occasion
13. A. prepare B. repeat C. purpose D. police
14. A. preface B. famous C. forget D. childish
15. A. cartoon B. western C. teacher D. theater
16. A. Brazil B. Iraq C. Norway D. Japan
17. A. scientific B. ability C. experience D. material
18. A. complain B. luggage C. improve D. forgive
19. A. offensive B. delicious C. dangerous D. religious
20. A. develop B. adjective C. generous D. popular
C. GRAMMAR
SO, BUT, HOWEVER AND THEREFORE

♦ So
So (liên từ chỉ kết quả) có nghĩa là “vì thế, vì vậy, bởi thế, bởi vậy, bởi thế cho nên”. Mệnh đề
bắt đầu bằng so được gọi là mệnh trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả.
Ví dụ:
a. The shop was closed so I couldn’t get any milk.
b. I was tired so I went to bed early last night.
c. These glasses are very expensive so please be careful with them.

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* Lưu ý:
Có thể dùng câu mệnh lệnh bắt đầu bằng động từ nguyên mẫu không có “to” sau liên từ so
chỉ kết quả. (Ví dụ c.)

♦ But
But là liên từ chỉ sự đối lập với nghĩa là “nhưng, nhưng mà”. But thường đứng giữa câu và trước
nó có dấu phẩy.
Ví dụ: She felt ill, but she went to school.
My house is small, but it’s very comfortable.

♦ However
However có nghĩa là “tuy nhiên, tuy thế”. Giống như although và (even) though, however được
dùng để chỉ sự tương phản giữa hai mệnh đề. Nó được tách ra bằng một dấu phẩy khi đứng đầu
hay cuối câu. Nếu however đứng giữa câu trước nó là dấu chấm phẩy (;) hoặc dấu (,) và sau nó
là dấu phẩy (,).
Ví dụ:
a. Everyone played well. However, we still lost the game.
Everyone played well. We still lost the game, however.
b. Nam often studies hard at school; however, he doesn’t get many good marks in some
subjects.

♦ Therefore
Therefore là trạng từ với nghĩa là “vì lý do đó mà, vì thế, bởi vậy, cho nên” thường đứng ở
giữa câu sau từ “and”. Nếu đứng ở giữa câu thì trước và sau therefore có dấu phẩy. Nếu đứng ở
đầu câu thì sau Therefore có dấu phẩy.
Ví dụ: He is out of the city and therefore unable to attend the meeting.
We were unable to get funding. Therefore, we had to abandon the project.

EXERCISES
1. Add so, but, therefore, however where appropriate.
1. The wind was howling outside, _____it was warm and comfortable indoor.
2. The highway was under construction, _____we had to take a different route to work.
3. You could fly via Singapore; _____, this isn't the only way.
4. There is still much to discuss. We shall, _____, return to this item at our next meeting.
5. It isn't that he lied exactly, _____he did tend to exaggerate.
6. I thought the plane would be delayed; _____, I bought a lot of magazines to read.
7. Jackson was going to study all night, _____ he declined our invitation to dinner.
8. We thought the figures were correct. _____, we have now discovered some errors.
9. Cars have become more complicated.______, mechanics need more training than in the past.
10. We arrived at the theater late. _______, the play had not yet begun. We were quite surprised.
11. Prices have been rising. It is unlikely, _____,that this increase will continue.
12. The bread was old and stale, _____Martha ate it anyway.
13. The holiday had been a complete disaster. We, _____decide to fly home early if we could.
14. He failed the exam, _____ he had to do the job he didn't like.
15. They hoped to climb the mountain by August. _______bad weather could be a hindrance.
16. This is the shortest way to the city center; _____ it is not the only way
17. The boy was able to learn English, _____ he is very lazy.
18. He didn't attend the lesson, _____ he could not do his homework.
19. The rice is 6000 dong per kilo, _____ we bought 10 kilos.
20. Your son is heading to the right direction; _____, I think you should encourage him to learn harder.
21. It is very late now, _____ she is still at her office.
22. It was midnight, _____ they closed the restaurant and went home.

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23. They visited many stores; _____, they could not find what they were looking for.
24. We discussed the issue all day, _____ we could not come to a final conclusion.
25. It started to rain hard; _____we decided to stay at home to watch TV.
26. The sun was warm, _____ a cool breeze blew in from the sea.
27. I have read this book before; _____, I do not remember the plot.
28. We opened the window, _____ fresh air would blow into the room.
29. The bus fare is expensive; _____, I prefer to walk.
30. I wanted to study. _____, I was too tired.

2. Choose the best option (A, B, C or D) to complete each of the following sentences.
1. I want to work as an interpreter in the future, _____ I am studying Russian at university.
A. but B. so C. however D. therefore
2. I am going shopping for food this evening, _____ I do not have to go at the weekend.
A. so B. but C. however D. moreover
3. We live in the same building, _____ we have hardly seen each other
A. and B. therefore C. but D. so
4. I went to buy a Rolling Stones CD, _____ the shop didn't have it.
A. and B. but C. therefore D. so
5. Anna needed some money, _____, she took a part-time job.
A. furthermore B. moreover C. however D. therefore
6. Julie has a guitar, _____ she plays it badly.
A. and B. so C. but D. therefore
7. My fingers were injured,________ my sister had to write the note for me.
A. and B. however C. so D. but
8. The concert was cancelled, ________ we went to a nightclub instead.
A. so B. however C. so on D. but
9. He is only sixteen, and ________, he is not eligible to drive a car.
A. nevertheless B. but C. therefore D. however
10. Maria tried to read a novel in French, ________ the book was too difficult for her to understand.
A. so that B. therefore C. but D. and

3. Choose the best option (A, B, C or D) to complete each of the following sentences.
1. You should keep the milk in the refrigerator _____ it doesn’t go bad.
A. since B. so that C. because D. after
2. You should say goodbye to your brother _____ you leave for Europe.
A. despite B. after C. since D. before
3. The class discussion was short; _____, we gained some knowledge from it.
A. however B. moreover C. although D. therefore
4. The undergone is cheap; _____, it’s faster than the train.
A. however B. moreover C. but D. so
5. _____ you study harder, you won’t win the scholarship.
A. Unless B. Because C. If D. In order that
6. The countryside air is fresh, _____, it’s not polluted.
A. however B. whenever C. moreover D. beside
7. _____ she spoke slowly, I don’t understand her.
A. Since B. Although C. If D. As
8. We will wait her _____ he comes back.
A. while B. until C. since D. for
9. Our teacher explained the lesson slowly _____ we might understand him.
A. and B. so that C. if not D. or
10. _____ it rained heavily, we went to school on time.

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A. Even though B. Despite C. Because D. Though not
11. Our visit to Japan was delayed _____ my wife’s illness.
A. because B. because of C. thanks to D. although
12. _____ he goes to the theatre with me, I shall go alone.
A. because of B. because C. unless D. when
13. He tries his best to work hard _____ help her family get over the difficulties.
A. so as that B. in order that C. in order to D. so as not to
14. We moved to the front row _____ we could hear and see better.
A. so as that B. because C. although D. so that
15. I made a mistake _____ I was tired after the work.
A. though B. so that C. because D. if
16. Minh had a terrible headache. _____, he still wanted to go to school.
A. Therefore B. But C. However D. Although
17. My sister will take the plane to Singapore _____ she dislikes flying.
A. because B. so that C. therefore D. though
18. My car broke down on the way. _____, when I got the airport, the plane had taken off.
A. Because B. However C. Therefore D. Although
19. His mother was sick. _____, Jane had to stay at home to look after her.
A. But B. However C. So D. Therefore
20. They asked me to wait for them; _____, he didn’t turn back.
A. but B. however C. so D. therefore
21. Many people still believe him very much _____ he sometimes tell lies.
A. because B. since C. although D. despite
22. They were walking on the street _____ there was an accident.
A. when B. while C. because D. so that
23. _____ the darkness in the room, we couldn’t continue our studying.
A. because of B. since C. although D. in spite of
24. Mary tries to study as hard as possible _____ she can get the scholarship to study in England.
A. in order to B. so that C. because D. because of
25. She stopped at the post office _____ she could send the letter to her parents.
A. although B. so as to C. in order that D. despite
26. He didn’t wear warm clothes _____ the cold weather in winter.
A. because B. although C. because of D. in spite of
27. What had you done _____ I phoned you?
A. as soon as B. by the time C. after D. while
28. Tom couldn’t get a job _____ he couldn’t speak English well.
A. because B. although C. because of D. in spite of
29. _____ he knew the danger of smoking, he couldn’t give it up.
A. Since B. Though C. Because of D. Despite
30. He knew the danger of smoking; _____, he couldn’t give it up.
A. therefore B. but C. however D. although
31. _____ their poverty in their family, they live happily together every day.
A. as B. though C. because D. despite
32. He didn’t drink beer _____ he was really thirsty.
A. in spite of B. even though C. because D. since
33. We will go without him _____ he comes here on time.
A. though B. unless C. Because D. If
34. Mike went to the bank _____ he cashed his cheque.
A. therefore B. so that C. however D. although
35. The students finish the test well _____ its difficulties yesterday.

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A. therefore B. in spite of C. however D. although
36. She has driven a car _____ she studied at the university.
A. as soon as B. by the time C. after D. since
37. We started out on the trip _____ the weather was extremely hot.
A. because B. in spite of C. because of D. although
38. We should wait for her _____ we had much time.
A. though B. unless C. because D. if
39. _____ we had much time, we shouldn’t wait for her
A. Though B. Unless C. Because D. If
40. The food didn’t look appetizing; _____, many people liked enjoying it.
A. therefore B. so that C. however D. although
41. It was already 6 p.m., _____ we closed our office and went home.
A. therefore B. but C. however D. so
42. Ok! you can take Chemistry as your major. _____, you should remember that it is not easy to learn.
A. Therefore B. But C. However D. Although
43. John succeeded in the exam _____ his hard and methodical work.
A. because B. in spite of C. because of D. although
44. He didn’t stop his car _____ the traffic light turned red.
A. because B. in spite of C. because of D. although
45. She didn’t join our programme _____ she had to take a summer course at the college.
A. so that B. because of C. because D. although
46. She wanted to go to bed early _____ her bad tiredness.
A. because B. in spite of C. because of D. although
47. _____ he had to take her mother to the hospital, he still attended our party yesterday.
A. Because B. In spite of C. Because of D. Although
48. _____ they had read these books, they went out.
A. As soon as B. Before C. After D. Since
49. The students couldn’t do the test _____ its complicated problems.
A. because B. in spite of C. because of D. though
50_____ it got dark, they continued working.
A. Because B. In spite of C. Because of D. Even though

4. Choose the best option (A, B, C or D) to complete each of the following sentences.
1. The president of the US appoints the cabinet members, _____ appointments are subject to Senate approval.
A. their B. with their C. because their D. but their
2. There was nothing they could do _____ leave the car at the roadside where it had broken down.
A. but B. instead of C. than D. unless
3. Nancy is dancing down the street _____ she is so happy.
A. because of B. because C. therefore D. due to
4. I usually enjoy attending amateur productions in small community theaters. The play we attended
last night, _____, was so bad that I wanted to leave after the first act.
A. therefore B. however C. whereas D. consequently
5. I love swimming, _____ my partner won’t go near the water.
A. nevertheless B. whereas C. even so D. on the other hand
6. I will send my application to Harvard _____ you recommend another university.
A. when B. because C. as D. unless
7. _____ I said very clearly that I preferred to pay by cheque, the shop assistant insisted that I should pay the
bill in cash.
A. Because B. If C. Although D. However
8. _____ hardship, the firemen managed to save many people who were caught in the fire.
A. Because of B. However C. Despite D. As a result

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9. Aware of how expensive it is to raise a child, future parents will have to choose _____ having fewer
children and reducing the money they spend on each child.
A. between B. either C. from D. whether
10. They had no sooner moved in the house _____ they had the garage repaired.
A. when B. while C. then D. than
11. Crash diets are not a recommended means of weight loss, _____ they can lead to malnutrition.
A. once B. for C. how much D. in order that
12. Rapid population growth will continue to create new problems _____ immediate measures are taken worldwide.
A. as long as B. so that C. in case D. unless
13. Jo won’t be able to understand the speakers _____ there is an interpreter.
A. if B. if only C. provides D. unless
14. We’ll be late for the class _____ we run.
A. even though B. even if C. even without D. even
15. The soldiers attacked the town _____ the danger of causing large numbers of civilian casualties there.
A. despite B. in addition to C. besides D. for fear of
16. I was just about to ring up his office _____ he arrived home.
A. when B. although C. then D. as
17. He had to act immediately; _____, it would have been too late.
A. nevertheless B. still C. consequently D. otherwise
18. We really want to book another holiday in Cotswold _____ the last trip was not a success.
A. which B. because C. although D. despite
19. I prefer to buy engine parts at Auto World _____ they always have every reliable part on hand.
A. so B. which C. because D. but
20. _____ Norway has tidy cities, historic buildings, and distinctive art, nature is clearly its prime attraction.
A. What if B. Even though C. Otherwise D. If only
21. _____ not openly, I disagree with him, as I didn’t want to quarrel.
A. Since B. Although C. In spite of D. Unless
22. I don’t think we can afford such a high rent _____ you find a better-paying job.
A. because B. otherwise C. if only D. unless
23. _____ you stop playing loud music, I’ll call the police.
A. Unless B. If not C. When D. If
24. _____ the apples we were growing in the orchard _____ the grapes on our vines were affected b the
extreme heat.
A. Such - that B. So - and C. Both - and D. Whether - or
25. Melanie is retiring from her job next summer _____ she can devote more time to photography.
A. in case B. until C. in order that D. whenever
26. Everyone wondered what Tom’s reaction to the accident would be; _____, it was his bicycle that was
in pieces.
A. therefore B. so that C. after all D. all at once
27. _____ out of the water, penguins are almost found in groups, and are quite sociable.
A. Before B. Just as C. By the time D. While
28. _____ an oil fire in your kitchen, make sure not to throw water on the fire, as this will only make it
worse.
A. A well as B. Even if C. On account of D. In case of
29. _____ the fact that we are suffering a shortage of trained staff, we have had to decline a number of
contracts.
A. Since B. As C. For D. Due to
30. _____ home schooling is apparently very successful, many people still believe in the benefits of
traditional schooling.
A. Despite that B. Because C. Even though D. In spite of
31. Put all the toys away _____ someone slips and falls on them.

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A. provided that B. unless C. in case D. so long as
32. Fast food is very popular. _____, a diet of burgers, pizzas and fried chicken is not very healthy.
A. Consequently B. Moreover C. Unfortunately D. In contrast
33. _____ its popularity, the book was quickly sold out.
A. Because B. On the account of C. In spite of D. Owing to
34. It is probably impossible for life to ever exist on Venus _____ its intense surface heat.
A. because B. in spite of C. although D. because of
35. The ozone layer is becoming depleted; _____, there are more cases of skin cancer every year.
A. however B. therefore C. in contrast D. on the other hand
36. Women are more verbal than men, _____ men are better than women at visual - spatial activities.
A. however B. therefore C. although D. while
37. Fred stayed in bed too long and, _____, arrived late for school.
A. as a result B. however C. in addition D. even though
38. She took a pullover _____ it turned chilly in the evening.
A. unless B. as long as C. in case D. whether
39. You should unplug the washing machine before removing its contents; _____ it may hurt your fingers.
A. otherwise B. but C. although D. so
40. _____ I were well off; I would pay off the house.
A. Only when B. If C. Only if D. If only
41. I didn’t understand the problem _____ she explained it to me.
A. until B. as soon as C. before D. at once
42. I am not against the plan at all; _____, I think it is marvelous.
A. nevertheless B. in contrast C. on the contrary D. on the other hand
43. Don’t be late for the interview, _____ people will think you are a disorganized person.
A. unless B. otherwise C. if not D. or else not
44. _____ he took off his dark glasses, I recognized him.
A. Whenever B. As soon as C. Then D. While
45. _____ the weather forecast, it will rain heavily later this morning.
A. On account of B. Due to C. According to D. Because of
46. “You’d better stop spending money, _____ you’ll end up in debt.”
A. if B. in case C. unless D. otherwise
47. “Give her a telephone number to ring _____ she gets lost.”
A. whether B. perhaps C. in case D. unless
48. Sue hadn’t seen her brother for thirty years and _____ they recognized each other instantly.
A. so B. despite C. also D. yet
49. The child was told to eat his vegetables, or _____ he would get no ice cream.
A. in fact B. instead C. in case D. else
50. People will be able to work from home; _____, they may still choose to go to work.
A. therefore B. however C. so D. although
CLAUSE OF RESULT
Mệnh đề chỉ kết quả có dạng:
1. Such + noun/ noun phrase + that + S + V (quá … đến nỗi …)
Ex: She is such a beautiful girl that everyone loves her. (Cô ấy xinh đến nỗi ai cũng yêu mến.)
This is such a hot cup of tea that I can’t drink it. (Tách trà nóng đến nỗi tôi không thể uống được.)
2. So + adj/ adv + that + S + V (quá … đến nỗi …)
Ex: She is so beautiful that everyone loves her.
The cup of tea is so hot that I can’t drink it.
He speaks so quickly that no one can understand him. (Anh ta nói quá nhanh đến nỗi không ai có thể hiểu
được)
* She is such a beautiful girl that everyone loves her = She is so beautiful a girl that everyone loves her.

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*NOTE:
 too + adj/ adv + (for O) + to V (quá … đến nỗi không thể …)
Ex: I’m too short to play basketball. (Tôi quá lùn đến nỗi không thể chơi bóng rổ.)
The cup of tea is too hot for me to drink. (Tách quá nóng đến nỗi tôi không uống được.)
 Adj/ Adv + enough + (for O) + to V (đủ … để)
Ex: I’m tall enough to play basketball. (Tôi đủ cao để chơi bóng rổ.)
The cup of tea is hot enough for me to drink. (Tách trà đủ nóng để tôi uống.)
EXERCISES
1. Choose the best option (A, B, C or D) to complete each of the following sentences.
1. Our seats were ____ far from the stage that we couldn't see the actors and actresses clearly.
A. very B. too C. enough D. so
2. He was _____ he never washed his clothes by himself.
A. too lazy B. so lazy that C. very lazy that D. such lazy that
3. They are _____ young _____ drive the car.
A. so / that B. too / to C. enough / to D. not only / but also
4. It was _____ a boring speech that I felt asleep.
A. such B. so C. very D. too
5. Is there _____ for everyone?
A. food and drink enough B. enough food and drink
C. enough of food and drink D. enough food and drink enough
6. He was _____ he could not continue to work.
A. very tired that B. such tired that C. too tired that D. so tired that
7. John’s eyes were _____ bad that he couldn’t read the number plate of the car in front.
A. such B. too C. so D. very
8. - Why don’t we make a fire? - It’s not cold _____ to make a fire.
A. too B. enough C. such D. much
9. Most of the pupils are _____ to pass the examination.
A. enough good B. good enough C. too good D. very good
10. You can send me a letter if you want to, but your phone call is _____ for me.
A. enough good B. good as enough C. good enough D. good than enough
11. Davis has _____ many patients _____ he is always busy.
A. too / that B. very / until C. such / that D. so / that
12. It was _____ a difficult question that they couldn't explain.
A. so B. such C. very D. too
13. The lesson _____ for me to understand.
A. is very difficult B. too difficult C. difficult too D. is too difficult
14. The tent show is _____ for us to see.
A. enough interesting B. very interesting
C. interesting enough D. interesting
15. They are _____ that they can't buy a bicycle.
A. enough poor B. poor enough C. so poor D. too poor
16. If I have _____, I'll travel south to New Orleans.
A. money enough B. enough money C. too money D. so money
17. It's surprising that _____ beautiful girl can make so heinous crime.
A. such B. so C. a such D. such a
18. These are _____ ugly chairs _____ I am going to give them away.
A. so / that B. such / that C. so little / that D. so much / that
19. She is _____ kind that everybody loves her.
A. such B. such a C. so D. so a
20. We have _____ in the house, so we needn't go shopping tomorrow.
A. enough food B. food enough C. too food D. food too
21. The day was _____ that we had a shower four times a day.
A. such a hot B. so hot C. very hot D. hot
22. It was _____ that I couldn't eat it.
A. such a hard cake B. such hard cake

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C. so a hard cake D. so hard cake
23. He is _____ a busy man that he really needs a helper.
A. so B. such C. very D. quite
24. It was _____ that we went for a picnic in the countryside.
A. so nice a day B. such nice day C. so nice day D. such a nice day
25. My mathematics teacher is _____ person that all of us like his period.
A. a such funny B. a so funny C. such funny D. such a funny
26. That old woman is _____ deaf to hear what her children say.
A. so B. enough C. too D. not
27. He was _____ terrified to move.
A. enough B. very C. too D. so
28. -"Was the boy upset about his bad marks?"
-"Yes, he was _____ upset that he cried about it afterwards."
A. very B. so C. such D. too
29. She hasn't got _____ to buy a car.
A. enough money B. money enough C. so many money D. so much money
30. It was _____ a boring speech that I felt asleep.
A. such B. so C. very D. too
31. It was _____ a boring film that Tom fell asleep.
A. such B. so C. much D. too
32. My son is _____ young to go to school.
A. very B. too C. so D. enough
33. -"What a cold day!"
-"Yes, it's _____ that I have to wear two pullovers and a coat.
A. such cold B. so cold C. too cold D. cold so
35. This skirt is _____ small for me. I need a larger size.
A. so B. not C. too D. all are correct
37. They are not _____ to take part in this program of the World Health Organization.
A. as old B. enough old C. old enough D. so old
38. Why can’t you solve _____ easy exercise?
A. so B. such an C. such D. all are correct
39. She is _____ to answer the question.
A. enough intelligent B. so intelligent
C. intelligent enough D. very intelligent
40. I’m not _____ that ceiling.
A. enough tall to reach B. tall enough for reach
C. tall enough reaching D. tall enough to reach
41. That play was _____ for her to see again.
A. too interesting B. interesting enough
C. so interesting D. such interesting
42.. This exercise is _____ hard for me to do.
A. very B. too C. so D. quite
43. Peter doesn't like scuba-diving. _____ does his brother.
A. Too B. Neither C. Either D. So
44. There are _____ that I cannot do it
A. so many things B. nobody has so many
C. so many things are on me D. such many things
45. The school boys are in a hurry _____ be late for school.
A. so as to B. in order not to C. in order that D. for
46. He was _____ tired that he slept all day.
A. such B. too C. so D. very
47. "I find the local newspaper to be _____ uninformative".
"Yes, there is hardly any international news".
A. so B. such C. so much D such much
48. "Wendy is really tall for her age".
"She is _____ her friends make fun of her".

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A. so tall that B. such tall that C. too tall that D. enough tall to
49. "Here, I brought you some flowers from my garden".
"Thank you. They're _____ beautiful flowers".
A. so B. as C. such D. too
2. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to show the underlined part that needs correction.
1. In my opinion that girl is enough beautiful to be a movie star.
A B C D
2. The specific gravity of the water in the great Salt Lake is too great that one cannot
A B
sink or completely submerge in it.
C D
3. This lesson is such long that I have written it for 30 minutes.
A B C D
4. The pull of the earth is too strong that no one can jump as high as three meters
A B C D
5. It was so an interesting film that my mother had seen it three times.
A B C D
6. Mary is so an intelligent pupil that she can answer this question.
A B C D
7. Mars is far so from the earth that our spaceships cannot reach it in a few months
A B C D
8. Despite the time of the year, yesterday’s temperature was enough hot to turn on
A B C D
the air conditioning.
9. I was such nervous that I didn’t think I would pass the exams.
A B C D
10. The problems of pollution are too difficult for us to solving.
A B C D
11. His father was so poor to send him to school.
A B C D
12. This refrigerator is very old to keep things at a proper temperature.
A B C D
13. She is such good at mathematics that everyone admires her.
A B C D
14. George is not enough intelligent to pass this mathematics class.
A B C D
15. The novel was such interesting that I had read it all night.
A B C D
16. He was too tired that he couldn’t continue his work.
A B C D
17. It was so a funny film that I burst out laughing.
A B C D
18. His TOEFL score was enough high to be accepted.
A B C D
19. It was so an exciting novel that I do not want to stop reading it.
A B C D
20. The woman was too old that she could not run.
A B C D
21. These televisions are all too expensive for we to buy at this time.
A B C D
22. Marry has such many things to do that she has no time to go out.
A B C D
23. My brother is too young not to do volunteer work .
A B C D
24. These televisions were so expensive for us to buy at that time.
A B C D
25. That is such an interested story that everybody would like to read it.

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A B C D
26. The road is very slippery for us to drive fast.
A B C D
27. The woman was so surprised that she couldn’t say nothing.
A B C D
28. She had so many luggage that there was not enough room in the car for it.
A B C D
29. He had so a difficult exercise that he couldn't do it.
A B C D
30. John had so interesting and creative plans that everyone wanted to work with him.
A B C D
3. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence which is closest in meaning to the
given one
1. We couldn’t go out because the weather was so bad.
A. It was so bad a weather that we couldn’t go out.
B. It was such a bad weather that we couldn’t go out.
C. It was so bad that we couldn’t go out.
D. It was such bad weather that we couldn’t go out.
2. She was so busy that she couldn’t answer the phone.
A. She was very busy that she couldn’t answer the phone.
B. She was too busy to answer the phone.
C. She was too busy not to answer the phone.
D. She was very busy so that she couldn’t answer the phone
3. The coffee was too hot for me to drink.
A. The coffee is so hot that I can’t drink it
B. The coffee is so hot that I can’t drink.
C. The coffee was so hot that I couldn’t drink it.
D. The coffee was so hot that I could drink it.
4. Tim is too young to drive a car.
A. Tim is not old enough to drive a car.
B. Tim is not young enough to drive a car.
C. Tim is old enough to drive a car.
D. Tim is so old that he can drive a car.
5. It was such a boring speech that we began to yawn.
A. The speech was very boring that we began to yawn.
B. It was so a boring speech that we began to yawn.
C. The speech was too boring that we began to yawn.
D. The speech was so boring that we began to yawn.
6. It was so late that nothing could be done.
A. It was too late for nothing to be done.
B. It was too late for anything to be done.
C. It was such late that nothing could be done.
D. It was so late that nothing to be done.
7. This is the first time I have lived in such a friendly neighborhood.
A. I have lived in such a friendly neighborhood before.
B. I haven’t lived in such a friendly neighborhood before.
C. I had lived in such a friendly neighborhood before.
D. I hadn’t lived in such a friendly neighborhood before.
8. The test was so difficult that we couldn’t finish it in two hours.
A. It was such a difficult test that we couldn’t finish it in two hours.
B. The test was too difficult for us to finish in two hours.
C. The test was not difficult enough for us to finish in two hours.
D. The test was too difficult for us to finish it in two hours.
9. The book was so good that I couldn’t put it down.
A. It was so a good book that I couldn’t put it down.
B. It was such a good book that I couldn’t put it down.
C. The book was so good for me to put it down.
D. The book was so good that I couldn’t put down.

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10. Sue is too slow to understand what you might say.
A. Sue is not enough quick to understand what you might say.
B. What you might say, Sue can understand slowly.
C. Sue is so slow to understand what you might say.
D. So slow is Sue that she can’t understand what you might say.
4. Choose the best option (A, B, C or D) to complete each of the following sentences.
1. She was ______ she couldn’t say anything.
A. so surprised of the news that B. such surprised at the news that
C. so surprised at the news that D. so that surprised for the news
2. The house was ______ badly damaged in the fire to be repaired.
A. very B. extremely C. so D. too
3. I got on so well with my tutor ______ I treated him as my elder brother.
A. because B. when C. so that D. that
4. He has ______ to do that he can’t go to the cinema with us.
A. so many work B. so much work C. such a work D. such much work
5. ______ that I have no time to go with him.
A. I have so many things to do B. I have so much things to do
C. I have too many things to do D. I have such many things to do
6. I’m sorry, but I’ve got ______ much work to do to come to the beach today.
A. so B. such C. enough D. too
7. She told us ______ story that we all forgot about the time.
A. so interesting a B. such interesting a C. so an interesting D. such the interesting
8. I’ve never seen ______ festival in my life.
A. such spectacular B. so spectacular a C. a so spectacular D. a such spectacular
9. It was ______ a simple question that everyone answered it correctly.
A. so B. such C. much D. too
10. It is ______ that I can’t put it down.
A. so interesting a book B. so interesting book
C. such interesting book D. too interesting book
11. ______ that many hospitals wanted his service.
A. He was so good a doctor B. he was a such good doctor
C. He was so good doctor D. He was such a doctor good
12. I know Jimmy ______ him.
A. too well so as to trust B. so well as to trust
C. well enough to trust D. well enough as to trust
13. The instructions form air traffic control were not fully explicit, and ______.
A. as a result, the pilot made an error and crashed
B. so that the pilot made an error and crashed
C. therefore the pilot made it crash
D. resulting from the pilot crashing the plane
14. My mouth is burning! This is ______ spicy food that I don’t think I can finish it.
A. such B. so C. very D. too
15. The teacher explained ______ clearly that ______ students ha questions after the lessons.
A. such - a few B. so - few C. such - few D. so - a few
16. Although I was quite a good boxer, the Russian was too strong for me to beat him.
A B C D
17. I think that the exercise it not too difficult to do it.
A B C D

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18. This stone is too heavy for me to carry it because I am not strong enough.
A B C D
19. He is a so smart boy that you stand no chances of winning with him.
A B C D
20. The novel was such interesting that I read it from the beginning to the end in 4 hours.
A B C D
21. Such devastating were the floods that some areas may never recover.
A B C D
22. The stars are such far away that they can’t be seen without a telescope.
A B C D
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence which is closest in meaning to the given
one
23. It was such a big meal that we couldn’t finish it.
A. The meal was too very big for us to finish.
B. The meal was too big for us to finish it.
C. The meal was too big for us to finish.
D. The meal was such big that we couldn’t finish it.
24. The roses are so beautiful that everyone seeing them pays compliments.
A. The roses are too beautiful to compliment.
B. They are such beautiful roses that everyone admires them.
C. If the roses are beautiful, everyone will like them.
D. People only compliment beautiful roses.
25. The training course is too expensive; I can’t afford it.
A. The training course is such expensive that I can’t afford it.
B. The training course is too expensive for me to attend.
C. It was such an expensive course that I couldn’t afford it.
D. The training course is not enough cheap for me to attend.
26. Tim is too young to attend to course.
A. Tim is not old enough for attending the course.
B. Tim is very young that he can’t attend the course.
C. Tim is not young enough to attend the course.
D. Tim is not allowed to attend the course because of his age.
27. His story was so funny that it made us all laugh.
A. His story was too funny to laugh.
B. His story couldn’t make us laugh.
C. His story was very funny and we couldn’t help laughing.
D. We all laughed at him for his story.
28. His handwriting is so small that I can hardly read it.
A. His handwriting is too bad to read.
B. He is used to small writing so I can hardly read it.
C. His handwriting is the smallest I have ever read.
D. He has such small handwriting that I can hardly read it.
D. READING
1. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the correct answer to each of the questions.
Many animals in the wild are suspicious and fearful of human beings. Many animals would take escape
instantly (1) ______ a human approaches. Man, however, soon discovered that some animals can be
tamed or domesticated. Unlike animals in the wild, these animals would (2) ______ man to come close to
them. They would even allow their owners to stroke or pet them. In the early times man would domesticate

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animals by setting traps to catch their young. A young animal is (3) ______ easily domesticated than an
adult one. From young, the animal learns to trust and obey its owner. Many different kind of animals have
been domesticated. Some common examples are animals like horses, elephants, chickens and pigs. The
dog, which is also (4) _____ as ‘man’s best friend’, is one of the first animals to have been domesticated
is the pig. In England long ago, the pig was a wild animals. It was a ferocious and aggressive (5) _____
which was not easily captured. Yet nowadays, the domesticated pig is no longer the lean and tough
creature it used to be!

(Adapted from: Internet)

1. A. where B. when C. whether D. while
2. A. permit B. tolerate C. allow D. let
3. A. far more B. so much C. lots more D. quite so
4. A. considered B. indentified C. recognized D. known
5. A. beast B. being C. individual D. creature

2. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the correct answer to each of the questions.
We live on a wet planet. In fact, most of the surface of Earth is covered with water. Oceans are the
largest bodies of water on Earth. A body of water is a part of Earth’s surface covered with water. You
probably know that ocean water is salty. Do you know why? It is mainly because rain brings salt from the
land and into the ocean! Here is how that happens: Rain falls onto rocks. The rainwater breaks down salt
and minerals from the rocks. The water mixes with the salt and minerals. Then it flows into the oceans.

Scientists have discovered two other sources of salty ocean water. Some salt comes from underwater
volcanoes. Other salt spurts from heated vents on the ocean floor. Most ocean salt, however, starts on
land. Lakes are large bodies of water. They are surrounded by land. Lakes usually have fresh water, but
some lakes have salt water. The Great Salt Lake in Utah is a saltwater lake. Lake water does not move
from place to place.

Rivers are filled with fresh water that moves from one place to another. The water in rivers comes mostly
from rain. Rivers usually flow into oceans. Streams and creeks are also bodies of moving fresh water.
They are smaller than rivers. Streams and creeks can come together and form larger streams or rivers.

1. What is most of the surface of Earth covered with?

A. land B. air C. water D. salt
2. The article lists examples of bodies of water. What is the first example it lists?
A. creeks B. rivers C. oceans D. lake
3. The word “mixes” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. combines B. includes C. contains D. consists
4. What is a body of water that does NOT move from one place to another?
A. a lake B. a river C. a stream D. an ocean
5. What is the main idea of this article?
A. Different bodies of water cover most of the earth.
B. Rivers are bodies of fresh water that usually flow into oceans.
C. Rainwater mixes with the salt and minerals of rocks.
D. Oceans are the largest bodies of water on Earth
(Adapted from: Internet)

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E. TEST YOURSELF
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part
differs from the other three in pronunciation.
1. A. slope B. money C. nothing D. government
2. A. page B. face C. date D. map
3. A. thank B. theoretical C. though D. thoughtless
4. A. believes B. attracts C. begins D. delays
5. A. arrived B. mended C. invited D. planted
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other
three in the position of primary stress.
6. A. deny B. sandy C. suppose D. routine
7. A. royal B. unique C. remote D. extreme
8. A. attitude B. intention C. determine D. atomic
9. A. impatient B. arrogant C. familiar D. uncertain
10. A. comfortable B. philosophy C. humanism D. neighbor
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to
the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
11. We should find ways to improve our products in terms of quality and service.
A. for considering aspect B. in spite of C. with a view to D. in regard to
12. Almost all students agree that chemistry is the most difficult subject.
A. Mainly B. Nearly C. Most D. Mostly
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning
to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
13. Never punish children by hitting them. This might teach them become hitters.
A. bring B. reward C. give D. accept
14. The first year at university was probably the most challenging year of her life, which cause plenty of
troubles.
A. tricky B. tough C. difficult D. easy
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the most appropriate completion in
each of the following questions.
15. The nurse has to look _____ the patient at the midnight.
A. after B. up C. for D. into
16. You go on ahead and I will catch _____ you.
A. along with B. forward to C. up with D. on to
17. The government hopes to _____ its plans for introducing cable TV.
A. turn out B. carry out C. carry on D. keep on
18. There is a program on TV telling us latest news about a group of young volunteers going on a(n) _____
to the North Pole.
A. trip B. picnic C. excursion D. expedition
19. A(n) _____ is being conducted to determine how many people approve of the new law.
A. campaign B. thought C. survey D. investigation
20. _____ is a danger to the society, which is as terrible as war.
A. Terrorism B. Violent C. Criticism D. Individualism
21. The bank robbers escaped across the _____ between the two countries.
A. area B. line C. border D. limitation
22. Carelessness in driving causes _____ accidents.
A. a lot B. fatal C. danger D. unforgettable
23. Each of us must take _____ for our own action.
A. ability B. probability C. possibility D. responsibility
24. The British Parliament _____ the House of Common and the House of Lords.

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A. comprises B. consists C. makes up D. encloses
25. Chain: “Let me make you something to drink.” - Brenna: “_____.”
A. No. That’s very kind of you B. Please, I’m really thirsty
C. Thanks, but I don’t think I can D. Sorry, but I’d rather not
26. Bruce: “Would you mind helping me?” - Duck: “_____.”
A. No, a problem B. Sure, no problem
C. No, I wouldn’t D. That’s a good idea
27. Nam had a headache. _____, he went to school.
A. Therefore B. So C. But D. However
28. It was too dark to go on, _____ we found somewhere to stay.
A. so B. but C. however D. thus
29. Lan has a bike, _____ she always walks to school.
A. however B. but C. if D. although
30. _____ hardship, the firemen managed to save many people who were caught in fire.
A. Because of B. However C. Despite D. As a result
31. Rapid population growth will continue to create new problems _____ immediate measures are taken
worldwide.
A. as long as B. so that C. in case D. unless
32. _____ Norway has tidy cities, historic buildings, and distinctive art, nature is clearly its prime attraction.
A. What if B. Even though C. Otherwise D. If only
33. The soldier attacked the town _____ the danger of causing large numbers of civilian casualties there.
A. despite B. in addition to C. besides D. for fear of
34. _____ the fact that we are suffering a shortage of trained staff, we have had to decline in the benefits of
traditional schooling.
A. Since B. As C. For D. Due to
35. People will be able to work from home; _____, they may still choose to go to work.
A. therefore B. however C. so D. although
36. Young as he is, he has a big fortune.
A. Although he is young, he has a big fortune.
B. He has a big fortune because he is young.
C. He is not only young but also has a big fortune.
D. When he is young, he has a big fortune.
37. However hard you work, you will never get promotion.
A. Although you work very hard, you will never get promotion.
B. You will never get promotion because you work very hard.
C. You don’t work hard. However, you will get promotion soon.
D. Although you work very hard, but you will never get promotion.
38. Joe seemed to be in good mood, _____ he snapped at me angrily when I asked him to join us.
A. for B. yet C. and D. so
39. It’s strange. His sisters are blonde, _____ he is very dark.
A. therefore B. in order to C. whereas D. however
40. You’d better stop spend too much money, _____ you will end up in debt.
A. if B. in case C. unless D. otherwise
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction.
41. Despite she was in her middle age, she looked very graceful and charming.
A. in B. looked C. graceful D. Despite
42. My friends advised her to stop doing the housework since her old age.
A. old age B. since C. to stop D. the
43. Brenna likes to gossip about other people, so she doesn’t like them to gossip about her.

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A. so B. other people C. about her D. them
44. Kim has registered for both the afternoon economics class as well as the evening sociology lecture.
A. has registered B. sociology lecture C. as well as D. economics
45. My brother was watching TV during I was doing my homework.
A. during B. my C. was doing D. was
Sentence Transformation: Finish the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
one with the given words.
46. He was late for school because his bike was broken.
Because of ..........................................................................................................
47. Although he has a Vietnamese name, he’s in fact a Cambodian.
Despite ...............................................................................................................
48. She pretended not to know me.
She looked as ......................................................................................................
49. Tom understands the lesson. However, he can’t apply in the exercises.
Although .............................................................................................................
50. They played very well. Therefore, they won the game.
Because ..............................................................................................................

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