Input and output devices Key objectives The objectives ofthis chapter are to revise: ©. the characteristics, uses, advantages and disadvantages of ~ input devices, = direct data entry devices = output devices. 2.1 Input devices ‘An input device is hardware that allows a user to interact with a computer and also allows the computer to collect data. The following table ists a numberof input devices together with some oftheir uses as wel s their advantages and cisadvantages: PREM Teneo advantages ‘Keyboard | @ Entering data manually |@ Well-known method '@ Difficult to use for people with | into a computer ¢ Easymethod of entering | certain physical disabilities | ‘© Typingin commands toa | datainioacomputer ‘| @ Slowentry method compared: i computer(eg. PriSern, |@ Easiertocarry out direct data entry | CrleP and s0 on) verification checks ondata | @ Can|eadito ailments such as entered [pst [Numeric [@ AUATMstokeyinPINto [@ Faster inputmethodthan | @ Keys canbe small, making inp | keypad ‘obtain money astandardkeyboard when | — dificult for some people [© ALPOSterminalsincase | entering numeric data |@ Order of numbers on keypads is the barcode onanitem | @ Easy-to-use input device | offen not intuitive {ails to scan properly since itiavalves fewer keys ‘© When using chip and PIN | deviesto make a card | payment Pointing | Controls the posi (© Fasiermethodtochoose | @ Difficult touse by people with ever: anon-screen on-screen options certain disabilities allowselections, open’ | comparedto Keyboard | @ Can ead toinjuries such as RSI dlosefilesandsoon | @ Onlyrequiresasmall | @ Some surfaces don't work well “amaunt of desk space with mechanical mice {mouse slips on the surface) © Simiar to mouse but |@ Same advantages as Not everyone finds touchpads uses flat panel below | mouse easytocontroland certain the keyboardona laptop |@ Sinceitisintegratedintoa | actions can be difficult [suchas computer laptop there is no need to | dragand drop] carry a mouse around with z you 4 Pointing | @ Usedincontrolrooms | @ Moreaccurate postoning [@ More expensive to buy thana device: where deskspaceigata | ofpointeronscreenthana | mouse premium andhas mare | mouse [© May require traning to use trackerball | Sccurate conirlthana j@ Morerobust and doessit | properiysince it isa less well: ce) need ay special surface to | knowntype of pointing device | (© Used in uxury cars work properly | toselectfunctins | @ Requirestessdesk pace | such as operating the | ~ than amouse Global Pestoning | @ Less prone than a mouse at | System, allowing use of | causing RSI | Scanned with CamScannerrar Pointing devices: ek riving wheel Touchscreen |@ Een Used to control functions ‘and so on Both are used as input devices to many gaming ‘consoles or simulators (e.9. flight simulator oF car driving simulator to mimic actual controls Sell-servce tls fe 9. Cen More realistic interface than a mouse in many ‘garnes and simulations Easier and more accurate than a mouse or keyboard tocontrol on-screen movements, Fast data eniry and easy-to- 7 emineentieane | 2 Input and output devices Movement can be too sensitive, ‘making the input device difficult touse in certain app Doesn't allow any feedback during a simulation | petrot station) Use interface choices available | |e ATMstocnterPIN, | @ itiseasytoexpandscreen |e Screens can get very dirty | amount of money size as necessary withno ‘quickly and can cause issues | required and so on eed tochange software or | atfastfood menu screens, for | © Public information kiosks | entry method example, ifnotcleanedona { {eg.atanairport) © Easier to keep clean regular basis | ‘© Mobile phones and since the surface isglass | @ Screens anget scratched, | | tablets (Keypads and keyboards are | causing them to malfunction Computer-based training | more difficult to keep clean} Scanning in paper {© Converts written ext into | © Quality of photos and text documents and photos | electronic format, allowing | depends onthe scanner | tobesavedinelectronic | thetexttobemanipulated | resolution format on a computer byOCR software andused | @ Scanning [particulary colour Archiving of valuable old | inotherdocuments[usinga | image scanningl can be avery | ‘manuscripts ‘word processor} slow process | Usedtostanintarcdes |~ hows damagedshatas |e ithebarcodebeing scanned | ata POS using laser or | and manuscripts tobe is damaged, the scanner cant | LED scanners recovered successtlyreaditanda | (© When usedtoread barcodes, | backup input method is needed | the scanner becomes a DDE | device lee 2.2} Taking photographs or | @ Cantake many photos |@ Needtobe computer-literate to | videos compared o.traditional | use digital cameras efectively Adata capture device camera unwanted photos | @ Some artistryis lost since | {eg.reading of GReades | _ ar easy to delete brighiness, sharpness, crareversingaidina |e Noneedtodevelop photos | exposure (etc canall be vehicle) {saving money and also gain | altered by software later on Indentstry to immediate feedbackabout | @ Compression a images when hotographteethfor | _ photojust taken) being stored can lead to some Uaterdenfatwork | @ Easytostorephotoson | _lossof quality Creation of vital anather device inthe tours around buildings, | cloud industrial plans and oon eee input speech/soundtobe Je Fastinputmethodand | @ Soundfiles an ake upa large Used in presentations, special effects, music ‘sampling and soon ‘As.a sensor to pick ‘up sounds (e.g. in an Intruder atert system, detection of liquid ripping from pipes} Invideo conferencing Input device for people with disal useful for people with ‘certain disabilities Allows the possibility of ‘manipulating sounds in reat time Can be use ‘activation systems ‘improving safety (e.g. verbal commands in a car tooperatekey functions |e without the driver taking their hands off the ste wheel! ‘amount of memory unless they ‘are compressed Using verbal input can be inaccurate fe. how to wreck a nice beach’ could be mistaken {for ‘how to recognise speech, which would be a problem if ‘microphone was used to input data into aword processor) Invoice activation, you must remember keywords or certain functions ofthe system can be activated by mistake ‘Ged sign Adosovoud ov e5onn SIH Hodder & Stoughton Limited © David Watson and Graham Brown 2022 Scanned with CamScannercurate than manual the environment fndventaconptr | ods @inysenareeut 6 Reodns aan temperature ‘continuously (no vital Igeennise | readings ld be missed. | Craven! | @ Posse tale edge ~~ pressure lintruder | in places hazardous to Setotend | Namaneor whan eee = ight control of street | weather causes risks to Usha |, aman = simu et | o Datgaerng ata system) | soittcan be automatically = Rimaiyiontor | Sertoscempuer | the atmosphere ina ‘chip manufacturing | pro | | = pene aity | | levels in a chemical | process) Lisson |e Setctngebeclsona Gat screen lucerne | ind ithCAICAM | orysnat gece savareonscht” |” whueapcisanian) |e fcr |e. eryesept ecto vse e Sample questions and responses Name a suitable input device for each of the folowing applications. Give an advantage and a disadvantage of your chosen device in each case. A diferent device needs tobe chosen for each application: 2) stret lighting in a town where the lights are turned on automatically when it turns dark and are switched off again when it becomes igh. 1) a ‘smart house’ where the opening/closing of windows, turning lights ‘on/off and operating other devices (such asa television) is done by voice command. 6) simulation of an aircraft cockpit which needs to be as realistic as posible, 4) selection and control of ions (.. representing pumps) on 2 large screen in the control room ofan ofl refinery plant. [12 marks} Sample high-level answer 2) Device:ight sensor ‘Advantage: lows fo automatic contolo the street ots, therefore there ‘snoneed tomanualy such them onlof:alons 24-hour contralimespecthe of the tne of day the weather Disadvantage unless set up propery. ights wouldcome on and ding heacy Goud cover during the day causing constant onofight sensor are sralogue devices requrng the use of an atonal ADC to convert input to ‘dial sensors alsoneedreglar maintenance to operat correct, 1) Davee: microphone ‘Advantage: 3 person th Asati can easly contol he operation of dovcesin thohame rm thee seat without theneed to physically opencose windows and soon Disadvantage: canbe expensive to set upialy dependence on technology gal to photocopy this page fs nays a big rck. for example what happensif the ays breaks down? 2.1 Input dey, Ot be dangerous ‘used in monitoring/contrott functions in a Most sensors. which means they require conversion todigital using an anc Tere’ warayina | Pallonsa! ey when moving? the pen on screen lespecially if the screen isnot clean} Curcenyonlywork with CRT screens Very dated technology. ‘The question only asks. foranamed device; do nol give any unnecessary descriptions. For advantages and disadvantages, ensure your answers refer tothe scenario given and don't use generic examples. Think about your answer carefully to ensure you don't ‘choose the same device {or two applications; for example, choosing sensors for applications lal and b] would lose you all the marks for part (c). a Cambridge ICSE information and Communication Tehnoagy Stuy and Revision Guid Second Edition, Scanned with CamScannerfc) Device: joystick ‘Advantage: aves a fairy realist controtof an aircraft interface: It fsan easy Input device to operate. Disadvantage: movement of a joystick canbe too sensitive, educng the realism or lading to unwanted result, an expensive Interface would be needed for actualrealom since the Joystick dacenit feed backin simulation Device-trackerball ‘Advantage: space ls ata premiimin a control room (for eafety eascno, desks need tobe uncluttered), therefore a trackerball lea better option than, say, amouse ora keyboard, they area very robust device and can handle rough ‘treatment by the operators they have more accurate control ofthe on- screen process parameters. Disadvantage: often requires traning to gain maslmumbenefit ofthe device since operators would only be used to using a mouse or touchscreen before. ‘Sample low-level answer 2) Deviceight sensor ‘Advantage inexpensive item withlow maintenance. Disadvantage:maybreak dominuse. ) Devie: ound sensor ‘Advantage: person with sabes doeen- need to neve Disadvantage canpckupotherccunds and ot wor propery. €) Device: steering wheel ‘Advantage: can contrlan sircrafta nea Disadvantage: aeroplanes donc se steering heels 4) Device: touchscreen Advantage:eacy-tovseintertace. Disadvantage: screen becomes cry, Sree kee 1 Awaler purification plant needs to check aid levels and oxygen levels in the water. This process is controlled from large LCD screens ‘ina control room. Alist of possible input devices is giver the table below. Select which input devices would be suitable for this pollution monitoring plant and its control room. pH sensor. spel 985 sensor (Touchsereen Trackerball 2. Describe applications for each of the following input devi your choice of device in each case: ‘a. Driving wheel € Touchscreen b Microphone 4 Digital camera 8) 2 ngut and output devices Teacher's comments ‘The first answer would probably gain the ful 12 marks as each device has been correctly identified and the advantages and Aisadvantages refer to the actual application and are rot generic. ‘The second answer would ‘only gain about 5 marks. Devices (2), (€) and (4) would just about gain 3 marks; the second device js far to vague and is also a repeat of sensors as an inut device. Part (b) advantage and part (@) disadvantage would also gain 2 marks since they ae just enough the answers are weak but not wrong. The rest ofthe advantages and disadvantages are either incorect or much too vague to gain any marks. ‘bed sig; Adosoyoud or 1060) Hodder & Stoughton Limited © David Watson and Graham Brown 2022 a Scanned with CamScanner2.2 Direct data entry devices Coe bale ray ‘vet data enlry (ODE) devices are used to input data into a computer without the need For very much, AF any, human interaction, For example, barcode readers are ODE devices and the only human intervention i to point areadr/seanner at the barcode, The data collection and transfer to ‘computer fs done automatically. The following table ists @ number of DDE devices together with a description and some of their uses as well as their advantages and disadvantages: dala enry rope eae cords for ve thonwsinga | fntheback of cord,, atATHeorPOS | keyboard or Keypad focexamplea terminals © Eror-ree no axcredt card whch |@ Secuntycardsto | pg) \e 4 holdsdata suchas | allowentrytoa | @ Inlormationis more close contact» secutnanber” bulla) seme dte | ard sortcode, expiry | andsoon isntheldinhuman- @ Data may not be date and start date. | ‘readable format human-readable oes natal the |e Physkalyrobust but certain devices PIN | system | can read and Clone data on the |__magnetic stripe S act eeeneerme Geis Avo 0 | Bartha | Fanon To Ni posible to Ctra, chpisemtediedin |" easomerstopay | asnoneedizenter monitor contactley roses thecardeonainng | feriensiploa | aP1N Transactions if GausvchasPIN | ceamanaunl |e Uses tt | someone near you accouninunbet, | withthe needs | encryption isusing an RFID frtcomempry | aneraP |e Woneediora | reading device iv andaeen tosloneris, | @ Themaximum famenber their |” ransact Arado teueny oN Tiited to a small toahet contend 1 }@ Retailers now don't value Tediphonslew | feabestond commons ty | ‘customers’ credit | | cider | idemniot | “chipandPIN Thececéti —/@ Tomatepamenis |e Moreseue | ifthe PIN is | reader cardisinserted into | at garages, than contactless accessed by a third | thedevice andthe | restaurants, travel | payments|needsa | party. the chip and | ‘embedded chipis agents and soon PIN | PIN system is very fead.APINisthen |@ Thecardreader @ Thelimiton | insecure (cards can (Sted hat should |" asesanitnet |" spedgis mich | be cloned using ‘match the PIN stored link (usually WIFI higherthan for =| devices attached to sntbechp bere | toconaciie | conaces | ATMs) Metomeactoncan | cardicuogtank | metods @ Thetack of an upper Umit ean Aransaction | {ase probiems | ila stolen card is | used before __|_feported stolen | | tae place ‘when making | | gal to photocopy this page \ ‘Cambridge IGCSE information and Communication Technology Study and Revision Guide Second Edition Scanned with CamScanner2 Input and output devices ee ee Terres Pores fo ‘Radi Use radiowaves to ‘Tag collisions can ‘occur where data {rom two or more | Frequency | read and capture ‘ona farm [Identification information stored | @ Retail funike (RFID) readers on tag. The tag barcodes, there isno i ismade up ofa ‘need togcan=tholag | microchip and an Isautomatcalyread | 100 milliseconds to | antenna. (Note: froma distance) respond! | passive tags use the |@ Security [RFID tags |@ Allows bi- data can't be read r fadiowave | attachedtogoods | directional dat © itis possible to hack i energytorelay back | allowsupermarkets | transfer{datacan | intotransmitied I | information) tacheckifarticles | besentinboth data and read of i arebeing removed | directions} change it (| fromthestore | @ Allows bulk © Thesystem is more | without payment) detection/reading to | complex and more © Admission passes, | occur(severaltags | expensive than | for example ata canbereadatthe | barcode readers | accesstoridesand |@ Unlike barcodes, it | | theme parktogsin | Sametime) | ren indicat to copy or fe ovaries otrack | silerthe data stored le books autontoan) | enfFIDtage | [Gpticatmark | Canread marks | Reaing © Fastmathodofdala | Needs expensive recognition |writeninmnkor |" questionaire Inputdecuments | and complesorms {tome encilon 3 pre- responses cantelsadedito |e Formsneedtobe | Prinedtormeither |e Automatic marking | ahopperandread carey designed brsiing dts lialicchoce | automaticaly) | tocaptrereqered TC pertitingina | cxompapers |e Mareaccurtethan | detafOuR rats the | '¢ Automatictouning |" entering the data” | smountot data that | tozenge DD toting cocesin. | using a keybo can be captured) © Problems occur if the form is not filed | anelection Ieemoves isk of | typing errors} pate | Pesca eo Comwins. | “egrenbbtes on Cttew te tore need tobe gel Spat sineennin Te oT un cat charecter | ontard apy, esate Tekan fecopiton |cocamesaTiioin | Eartatcvanpant | eyigtndt tn | hander see teem” |etecvenictormat’ | secutyeeck | sleytard- |e Seamingel firedacadin leconmig’ |e bortemimued |" docmonatan Tebrcameled |" oommenuea’’ I lscerecpes | see re |petcreocen| teveumue | uintcunane. | sete lied pecriee | eeeusmrmtncs leovevenmcr le dcaptleeed | sania: le staat | areca aaee | Nanepee | geauesrsa | Gulsey, | ames || wocee | eee | example, carparks | answers unike © Digitisation of OMR where a Valuable, ancient | customer slimited documents and toansweringa set books uestions ‘s6ed siyi Adoso}04d oF eBay SIH Hodder & Stoughton Limited © David Watson and Graham Brown 2022 Scanned with CamScannerReads Labels on terns {In supermarkets on products, enabling | and fewer errors mamemnenopnymg | 22728 Preuet | hon ping inpices information pricing | using a keypad andaulomaticre- | @ Allows for . Barcodes areread —_arderingof items; | automatic stock byalaser or LED | theyalsoallow for | cantroLin many scannerfreader | itemised bling applications, which scansthe | @ Intbrariestatrack | suchasina’ | thickness af the dark | books out onloan | supermarket, | @ and light tines and converts the data into digital format © Safety records of || allowing for ‘just- equipment, for instime’ stocking of examplein an office | items Awell-tried and the last time an trusted technology | electrical safety | check was carried ut! I ve | leg. recording | . | OR codes aremade |@ Inadveriising,the |e ORcedes can upotamarixel |” GReode can contain |store muchmare codereaders dark squares on ee phone numbers, | _information/data e backgrounds physical addresses, than barcodes website addresses |@ Fewer errors and z00n than using i Can contain barcodes since weblinsthatare | QReades alow | Butomatically the seo builtin | actvatedwhenthe | erorchecking | codesare scannedin | procedures |e ConstoeWiri |e Esser toreadthan GReodesareableto | authentication deals| barcodes, they dont sorelarge amounts | (@5-passwardsand | needexpensite of information type of encryption scanners and data; he eades being used canbe read by 2 canbe read by the mented | _smarighone/ablet | camera built into a ea eae | camera caphine 4 showreom |e: Gitcodes cn be venereal |” ney whch fntine stares the | makes them GReedeis scanned | more secure han | bythecustomer's | barcodes phone andthe goods are automatically delivered to their VISIT WHITEPOOL ae Baa Visit our local attractions. Need help? Call 0800 1111 11000 It's illegal to photocopy this page Sample question and response The local bus station and railway station at a popular holiday resort use posters containing AR codes that give arrivals important {information about amenities and attractions inthe local area. Describe how a holidaymaker can use their smartphone to find out information about local attractions in the area using this poster [5 marks] barcodes can be altered or swappes by someone Barcodes are more easily damaged than RFID tags or magnetic stripe cards M damaged or torn, barcodes may not be successfully scanned There is more than one OR code format QR codes can beused to. store malicious codes [known asattagging]. When the OR code is scanned, the useris sent toa bogus website or even unwittingly downloads malware a Cambridge IGCSE Information and Communication Technology Study and Revision Guide Second Edition Scanned with CamScanner2 Input and output devices Sample high-level answer (© theholdaymaker points their smartphone at the QR code onthe poster(s) Asa ‘describe’ question, © anapp on their smartphone processes the image taken by the camera a full description of browser software onthe smartphone automaticaly reads the dataabout the | | the process of how the simariphone and OR holday resort generated bythe app code would be used by © theuser wil then see either aformation about-local attractions and posable the holidaymakers phone numbers or they wilbe sent a ink toa website where they wil fil useful peeled, Tha ander Information about various attractions at the holy resort ‘ould be as detailed @ theuserwilalsoe able to buy ticket online toallow them to vil theatres, a possible and make ‘museums and o on without the need to queve references to the given entry passes wilbe sent to the hoidaymakero omartphone (probably nthe scenario rather than formot atarcade o R code). siving generic responses. Five marks wil be awarded so you ne Sample low-level answer Gmuaatailee valid points fora strong answer. ‘The holdaymaker would use their smartphone and photagraph the GR code. The QR cade may contain webinks, which take the user to the holiday resort's website. The user would type inthis website on thelr phone and get the formation they wart. They coud also use thelr smartphone to call the number onthe poster at ‘the bus station or ralway station. The frst answer would Sau ee iy probably gain fll marks, but they may be marked 3. Which five computer terms and devices are being described below? a Amatrix of filled-in dark squares on a light background; the matrix own for use of bullet Teacher's comments is read by the built-in camera in a smartphone or tablet. poles Since ts 4 b Adevice that can read marks written in pen or pe ‘description (and usually peck Works Hae By Heda I TSCLET aT a requires sentences). They € Adevice that converts a photograph or document into a computer- WOuld, however, still gain readable format. at least 4 ofthe 5 marks 4 Adevice used to control the operation of other electronic devices _since their answer fs very Using infrared signals, thorough. irect data entry device that uses radio waves to read and capture i information stored on an electronic 5] __The second answer is very 4 a Explain how barcodes could be used in alibrary to track books that __brief and only worth 1 are out on oan. Te) or 2 marks: 1 mark for b Another library uses RFID tags to track books on loan. Describe mention of the use of a the relative advantages and disadvantages of using RFID tags ‘camera (in a smartphone) compared to the method you described in part a). [4] torecord the OR code 5 Seven applications are given below. Tick V1 the appropriate column and 1 matk (probably) for to indicate the best DDE device for each ofthe applications. phoning the holiday ‘hot ation cE line since a phone number Ape EEO shen ont pr Reaing the rumberlateona ebicieetring a Te eecn Week beeeer pam a is technically correct. The [Reading rd outing te voting spain an TLiTet faa tesa bs — ne worth no marks. | Reading the data on a passport at an airport the customer | security desk | Used in augmented realty at a car showroom to ‘Ged sign Adosoio4d ov e6anH SIH | ook Hodder & Stoughton Limited © David Watson and Graham Brown 2022 i Scanned with CamScanner2,3 Output devices — The following table lists a number of output de thelr uses as well as their advantages and disadvantages: 2.3 Output device | on Coperesrry= salon | pease. |" pope cates | vrei gen |@ Gi nena alowto wo hscetotonand |" Spee tae nae oar seen | monitor: (© Lo: @ LCD: eet |= ans ect on per oes tupatdese | coempin Spatico) tacos, | ~ Seyi sdery | Seema | ltl: |” peat | odeupel)—aedsnattes | — Dontsuerrominge tytn |= Were = | crystals touchscreen = Don't sulfer froma oe mare ante WSngLEDs | regured eb |= veychpmaperestien om tcramsieuset | > eylewenciamopete trating |e veDe sce compart oT [Soria | Sbacsavine [ort \ gas] Nomaeatahinteg | aecw | 2 Memeatertgy | tiny LEDs) | since LEDs produce their | Touchscreen | Snartphonesand je tecingbotr | tae seinputand |@ ATMelsupphing Joutpatdece! |" cach andctner an | |. taaten | Jo Teeteaecton |e “machines [at railway/ Bs stators het, egal to photocopy this page own tight = Low power consumption LEDs havea very log ie = Sereenscanbeanysize | Faster data entry thane heyboara/eypad Easymethodtouseandless | error-prone since no typing involves Easy to keep screen clean Tuntke keyboards! since the surfaceis glass ‘They allow mali-toueh functions [suchas 2 rotation, ete] No physical switches buttons allowing interfaces tobe more infout, ices together with some of eens (CRT monitors are heavy ‘when compared to modern LoD sereens ‘©: They tend to run very hot posing aire risk |e They consume considerably | more power than LOD screens © CRT screens can flicker, ‘causing headaches and eye problems © co: = Colour and contrast from various viewing angles ‘canbe inconsistent = Suffer from some motion blurimage ghosting ~ Possible to have weak pixels that can show as ‘ther black fal fully off) orwhite alt fully on) dots ‘onthescreen ~ Need backlighting LCDs don't produce their own light = this can tead to variable illumination up: = More expensive than Lode Can suffer from colour shit eg. white ean | ‘become yellowed! due to | ‘ageandtemperature = Contrast ratios are not consistent ‘© Screens can become | ‘Seraiched and dirty, leading topocr performance or ratluetion ‘© Asthereis no '‘mechanicat Interface’ it is sometimes difficult know ita user's action has registered. (Not latest systems have ‘haptic’ feedback, buzzing ~ but this is ovsie the syilabus) i Cambridge (GCSE Information and Communication Technology Study and Revision Guide Second Edition Scanned with CamScanner| Multis Ramirnics Projecto Wake computer | output and enlarge ittobe projected onto white wall) Laser printer | uses. a rotating rum, dry. ink (toner) cartridges and electrostatic printing! eens large screen makes iteasy fora large numberof people to takepart) © Advertising, for example ata shopping | @ Training presentations | s {colours faded or incorrect | © Avoids the need for several shade networked computers since a | @ Expensive tems t purchase ‘computer output ean be seen | and maintain screen © Setting vp projectors canbe projectors can | dificult ral ‘mounted onthe cing, for | @ A.darkened oem is usualy © Home cinema systems example | needed Iprojcting image |e Needa separate audio from DVO/BIu-ray, | system hich can ado television, mobile | the costsandcomplenity of setting up) © Where iownoise ster rnin than aninkjet | @ Canbe expensive to run requred{eg.inan | printer for large pit runt (expecially olor printers] steel © Quality ofthe printings igh | since the toner eartridges © When ast, high- andthese printers canhandle | andmaintenance are ual high smallfntsand fine Unes better | expensive than aninkjet |e Produce ezone 2s and elatile Tone eatrdges tas for atong | — toner partes which canbe tine | armfuttopeepleinan office, © Thepapertrayshavemuch | forexamplel greater capacity than inkjet printers © Unlike inkjet printers, ‘they canthandlea variety terials that is heat (© Larger and heavier than ‘small wet nk cartridges and ‘stepper motors tofeed the paper! Dotm: printer laypeot impact printer thatuzes an inked ribbon thke an old typewriter and printhead Containing an array of pis] [© Where low-volume |e Lowstar-up costs printrun is needed leg acne-off photograph) © Good forhigh-quality loth photo paper ete] colour printing (e.g. | @ Cheaper to buy than laser they have a photo {quality option whic enhances photos) © Useful when an ‘unusual printing medium is used printing Logos on T-shirts [loth (© Inkjet ink s very expensive 1© Not suited for tong print runs since they have very ‘small paper trays and the ink cartridges dontlastiong | (© The paper fastness of the | (Can handle many types of paper (eg. cardboard! and other | | | | | [inet printers | | materiales. asplases, | | | printers Inkiznt goed: for example,2 | th | Theinkearridges canbe ightghter pen cant be used relied onthe printed sheets since | |e Smallertoctrntandlighter | theinkwil'dssclve | than a laser printer Need egularheadeleaning | | Don't praduce ozone gas rink | topreventthehead clogging | cuales ‘upwithinkla process which | | wiesatototintd (© ‘Not s durable as laser | | priters | Usellinplaceswhere [@ Canbe edinanendronment |@ Veryneisyin operation | theatmosphere | that would be armfultoa laser |e. Expensive to buyintaly dampordustyleg.8 | orinkjet printer 10 Verystowat pring | factory oor |e Carbon copies imut-partlcan |@ Verylinitedcelour printing | © Conbeusedin places | bemadelvery useful when eptons some c-coloured | where theirnoise is | producing wage slips where | ribbons ess, but the colour ‘ot anissue le.g.ina | the impact head prints on the ranges very limited) is workshop] Inside ofa folded paper and nat | @ Printing is generally otvery | = © Usellithe prin | onthe outside thus keeping | poor quality | |s run requies multi- | _information confidential © Thetechnologyis very | z partstationerylie. | @ Very cheap torun and m ‘uldated the printers are 5 carbon copies] or © Very good for tong print runs: nle where laser or 3 Continous stationery | since they can use continuous renotsuitbie | |S Sforexample,when | stationery which an be 2000, \ 12 producing thousands continuous perforated sheets) iis tf wage sie during 3 z Hodder & Stoughton Limited © David Watson and Graham Brown 2022 a Scanned with CamScannerPEM [graph ‘© Producing [plotters architectural drowings ‘and product blueprints eet pane te Producing engineering tromines|® broten [SRan ae. |» Dromg animation sheets of paper |” characters forthe film Jecpunech” | carat 0 printer Nain prostatic tin, tich are leaeadain esr | 1 Makng bespoke eens items to allow for aera constructive smjectisbomt | cance wowovery thn actecnsct he {ayers liypically | tien’ anato impact sy and dirty » strikes > inkeartrdges » piezoelectric thermal bubble > inked ribbon » positively > toner » laser » quiet » toner cartridge Inkjet printers US@ vunnamnnnninnennen to Supply ink to a spray nozzle to enable printing. Ink droplets are produced using .. iis OF i snow technology. Dot matrix printers are a type Of sn .~ printer where a matrix print head .. an to print characters; this type of printer works well ifn. -uu environments, untike other types of printer, oni 5 ta ce PS tn Photocopying pronibited Scanned with CamScannerjae 2 Input and output devices Laser printers use a printing drum which fs glven a positive charge; asthe drum rotates, a charged soon ght Scans across ft removing the .. areas which match the image to be printed. The drum Is then coated in positively charged _- charged sheet of paper fs then rolled over the drum, Finally, is used to melt the ink onto the paper. ‘11 Seven statements about input/output devices are given below, By ticking (¢) either the true or false column, indicate which statements are true and which are false, Statement z Tevet) | Fetseit | Digital cameras use HDO storage to hold the photographs in txury cas to select functions rather | than operate dials and switches Date trom microphones can be directly processed by 8 computer Driving steering wheels use sensors to detect left/right movement to give the sensation of sterin ‘42 Describe {the use and Hf the operation of the following devices: a RFID: Contactless card reader: 1 use: EP restecorronpronitee Cone mie tn Scanned with CamScannerZinpul and output devices 1330 printers produce solid objects. When data fs sent to a 30 printer, it goes through a numberof stages. The stages are shown below. By writing the numbers 1 to 5, put the following stages in the correct order: [ Decertotion ot stope. eae 30 ptr isnow et Finale drawing is imported nto 0 printing software that, prepares data ina format understood by the printer any unwanted materials ina solid object | Designs made using CAD software or blueprint downloaded “rom the internet Solid object is now built up Layer by Layer; each layer is 01 mm thick and printing ean take several hours [order oteape ‘14 Complete the table below by identifying the most appropriate output device for each use. ‘The same answer can be used more than once, Desernionofuse [Name even “To produce high-quality ‘one-off printing such as 8 photograph To produce wage slips 14000 tobe printed overnight unattended; a carbon copy is also needed Produces igh quality printing wh Produce verbal output from a computer tohelpa sig person correct errors ina word-processed document 15, chemical process is being monitored by temperature and pH sensors and by a microprocessor. A heater is used to raise the temperature and a valve is controlled to admit acid whenever the pH rises above 5.0. The following diagram is a schematic of the process. Label each of parts numbered 1 to 6 from the list below. » actuator 1» analogue to digital converter » digital to analogue converter » microprocessor » plisensor » temperature sensor Cambridge ISCSE™ Information and Communication a Photocopying prohibited a Scanned with CamScannerron input and output devices. ‘Add input 46,At the beginning of the 21% century, cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors were being phased out as LCD monitors became much cheaper to purchase. a Describe three advantages of LCD monitors compared to CRT monitors. 1 a Photocopying prohibited ie me Scanned with CamScannerinput and output b Describe two disadvantages of LCO monitors compared to CRT monitors. dea Tablet computers could be operated using a mouse. Describe the advantages of using touch screens on tablets rather than using a mouse. 17 By drawing connecting lines, choose the most appropriate sensor shown on the left, which could be used in each of the five applications shown on the right, Temperature {System that counts the number of vehi passing over a plate nthe road [Pressure Checking the acidity lovelsin a Light a [Acoustic (sound) Intruder alarm system that works by picking | noise of breaking glass mH Par of ihe contol ofa central heating | system | omy tnt Cte nn ‘Phatocopying prehibites | Scanned with CamScanner2ingut and output devices ‘1B iscuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of using: >» laser printers >» inkjet printers » dot matrix printers to produce a hard copy output. Scanned with CamScanner