BUILDING UTILITIES

SANITARY, PLUMBING SYSTEMS & EQUIPMENT

PLUMBING Art & Technique of Installing WATER SOURCE, WATER STORAGE, WATER SUPPLY

PLUMBING SYSTEM 1.) WATER SOURCE

Potable Water (CWL), Sanitary Drainage System, Storm Drainage System CONTAMINATION impairment potable water (High Hazard)
HIGH HAZARD CONTAMINATION
PLUMBING APPLIANCE Special Class of Device or Equipment LOW HAZARD POLLUTION
PLUMBING APPURTENANCE Manufactured Device/Prefabricated Assembly
PLUMBING FIXTURES Approved-Type Installed Receptacles, Devices, Appliances POTABLE WATER
Drinking, Culinary, Domestic Purposes (PH Standards for Drinking Water)
ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITY Administer / Enforce NPCP GROUND WATER Standing In; Passing Through Ground
PLUMBING OFFICIAL Administrative Authority SURFACE WATER Portion of a Rainfall Runs Off Over the Surface of the Ground

ALTER / ALTERATION Change, Addition, Modification 2.) WATER STORAGE

ACCESSIBLE Without Obstruction
ROUGHING–IN Plumbing Work before the Settling Of the Fixtures, Or Finishing 3.) WATER SUPPLY
MAIN – Principal Artery to Which Branches Connect
MASTER PLUMBER Registered & Licensed Master Plumber (RLMP)
CORPORATION COCK – Stop Valve Placed In Service Pipe Closed
NAMPAP Nat’l Master Plumbers Association of the Phils.
To Connection with Water Main
GOOSE NECK – A Return Bend; (one end–30 cm long; other end–7.5 cm long);
BUILDING Structure Built
FLOOR AREA Exclusive Of Vent Shafts & Courts (Faucet for A Pantry Sink); Lead Connection between Service Pipe & Water Main
SERVICE PIPE – the pipe from the water main to the building served
STOREY That Portion Between the Upper Surface of Any Floor
WATER–DISTRIBUTING PIPE – Conveys Potable Water from Building Supply Pipe
& Upper Surface of Floor Next Above
HEIGHT OF BUILDING – From “Grade Line” To Highest Point Of Coping to the Plumbing Fixtures / Water Outlets

BRANCH Other Than the Main, Riser or Stack

COMMON Installed To Serve More Than 1 Appliance, Fixture, Building Or System
HORIZONTAL BRANCH A Branch Drain Extending Laterally From a Soil or Waste Stack,
CROSS–CONNECTION Bet. Potable Water Supply & Plumbing Fixture
ALLEY 2 – 3 Meters With or Without Sections or Branches
FIXTURE BRANCH supply pipe between the fixture and the water-distributing pipe
COMBUSTIBLE CONST’N Burn at temperature of 756ºC or less
HORIZONTAL PIPE Angle of Not More Than 45°
CONFINED SPACE Volume less than 1.4 cu.m
VERTICAL PIPE More Than 45° with the Vertical Line
UNCONFINED SPACE Volume equal to at least 1.4 cu.m of fuel-burning appliance

BRANCH INTERVAL Storey Height; 8 Feet / 2.43 M

CHASE Vertical Shaft (Pipe Stacks)
FIXTURE SUPPLY Water Supply Pipe Connecting The Fixture With The Fixture Branch
COURT Open, Unoccupied Space
RISER A Water Supply Pipe That Extends Vertically One Full Storey Or More
SHAFT Vertical Opening (Elevators, Dumbwaiter; Air Well)

BIBB Faucet, Cock, Tap, Plug, Etc. (Faucet Is Preferred)

FAUCET A Valve or Pipe Which Water Can Be Drawn
SPIGOT The End Of Pipe Which Fits Into A Bell (Synonymous With Faucet)

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 BUILDING UTILITIES
SANITARY, PLUMBING SYSTEMS & EQUIPMENT
EFFECTIVE OPENING – MIN. Cross-Sectional Area At The Point Of Water Supply Discharge DOMESTIC HOT–WATER SUPPLY
FLOOD LEVEL the level in which water begins to overflow the top or rim of a fixture STORAGE TANK / WATER HEATING DEVICES
CRITICAL LEVEL – C-L or C/L Marking On a Backflow Prevention Device or Vacuum Breaker (2) Two Types of Tanks:
(Determines the Min. Elevation above the Flood Level Rim of the Fixture 1) RANGE BOILER
FLOOD LEVEL RIM Top Edge of A Receptacle 2) STORAGE TANK

FLOODED When Liquid Rises To the Flood Level Rim

HOT–WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS – convey heated water storage unit to fixtures
PRESSURE The Normal Force Exerted By A Homogenous Liquid Or Gas,
1) INDIRECT
Per Unit Area on the Wall of a Container 2) DIRECT
STATIC PRESSURE – w/o Any Flow Motion
(2) Two Types of Installations
RESIDUAL PRESSURE – The Pressure Available 1) UPFEED & GRAVITY RETURN – Small Residential / Industrial Installations
2) Overhead Feed & Gravity Return System – Buildings Of Extreme Height
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
WATER HEATING DEVICES
COLD WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
GAS HEATER – gas burner placed below the coil
INDIRECT SYSTEM – Fed From Overhead Tank Automatic Storage Water Heater – Thermostatic Control; Magnesium Rod To
a) Indirect Upfeed Control Rust & Corrosion; Gas-Operated Type (LPG)
b) Indirect Downfeed ELECTRIC HEATER – controlled by a thermostat
DIRECT SYSTEMS – Fed Off the Rising Main SOLAR HEATER
a) Direct Upfeed
PUMPS & LIFTS USE OF VALVES ON WATER SYSTEMS
PUMP – produces a vacuum within itself lifting water from source REGULATING EQUIPMENT – valves & controls
by atmospheric pressure GATE VALVE – flow cut off by means of a circular disk, at right angles to the direction of flow
GLOBE VALVE – flow of water is cut off by means of a disk
Two Types of Pumps:
that fits against the valve seat (tortuous passage)
1. Piston Pump
2. Centrifugal Pump ANGLE VALVE – making a 90º turn
CHECK VALVE – prevent the flow of water in a reverse direction
AIR CHAMBER – Minimize Pulsating Discharge from Pump
(Pulsation Results in Uneven Flow of Water) 1) SWING CHECK VALVE – low-to-moderate pressures of liquids and gases
2) LIFT CHECK VALVE – gas, water, steam, air, and general vapour services
RURAL WATER SYSTEMS 3) BACKWATER VALVE – drainage system to prevent reverse flow
1) Air Power: Windmill
a) BACKFLOW
2) Pressure & Gravity Systems
b) BACKFLOW CONNECTION
3) Jack Pumps
c) BACKFLOW PREVENTER
4) Centrifugal / Rotary Pumps / Turbines
d) BACK SIPHONAGE
5) Submersible Pumps
FOOT VALVE – Suction Valve
COLD WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS IN TALL BUILDINGS
SAFETY VALVE – From Boiler, Pressure Vessel When Pressure / Temperature
(2) Two Types of Water Distribution Systems: Exceeds Preset Limits (Boiler Blow-Off / Pressure Relief Valve)
1) Air Pressure System BALL VALVE – Butterfly Valve, Plug Valve, Quarter Turn Valve; For Shutoff Applications
2) Overhead Feed System CUT–OFF VALVE – Used With Water Heaters or Main Line; Shut-Off Valve

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 BUILDING UTILITIES
SANITARY, PLUMBING SYSTEMS & EQUIPMENT
PLUMBING ROUGHING – IN & FIXTURES
PLUMBING PIPES PIPE – Cylindrical Conduit / Conductor; “Pipe Size” / (I.D.)
APPROVED MATERIALS – marked for identification TUBE – Cylindrical Conduit / Conductor; (OD)
a) EMBOSSED / STAMPED – brass/copper fittings SIZE & TYPE OF TUBING – (DIAMETER)
b) MOLDED – plastic fittings DIAMETER – Nominal Internal Diameter (N.I.D.) Except Brass & Copper Tubing
c) INDELIBLE MARKING – colored stripe/indelible letters I.P.S. – Iron Pipe Size
QUALITY OF MATERIALS – free from defects INVERT – The Lowest Portion of the Inside of Any Pipe

WATER SERVICE PIPE – 160 psi / 73.4 ºF

LENGTH OF PIPE – The Length As Measured Along
1) ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene)
DEVELOPED LENGTH – The Length along the Center Line of Pipe and Fittings
2) ASBESTOS CEMENT PIPE
3) BRASS PIPE DEAD END – The Extended Portion of the Pipe That Is Closed To One End
4) CAST IRON PIPE BENDING PIN / IRON TOOL – Straightening / Bending Lead Pipe
5) COPPER PIPE
6) COPPER TUBING
7) cPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride) HUBLESS PIPES – CISP with plain ends connected with bolted stainless steel bands and
8) GALVANIZED STEEL PIPE neoprene gaskets
9) PB (Polybutylene)
SHIELDED COUPLING – Elastomeric Sealing Gasket
10) PE (Polyethylene)
a) PB – Polybutylene; Black, Oval; Water Service Connection CAULKING – Plugging an Opening with Oakum, Lead
b) PE – Polyethylene; Black, Circular OAKUM – Hemp Soaked In Oil / Tar to Make It Waterproof
11) PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) Potable Water (Blue); Drainpipes (Gray, Orange, Brown) BLANK FLANGE – Not Drilled For Bolt Holes

WATER DISTRIBUTION PIPE – MIN. working pressure of 100 psi / temp. 180 ºF BLIND FLANGE – Closes the End Of A Pipe
Pressure-reducing valve at the water service to reduce the pressure to no more than 80 psi SOLDERED JOINT – Melt At Below 427°C / above 149°C
1) BRASS PIPE WELDED JOINT / SEAM – Plastic Molten State
2) COPPER PIPE / TUBING BRAZED JOINT – Melt At Higher Than 449°C
3) GALVANIZED STEEL PIPE – Rust–Related Problems
SLIP JOINT – Compression Nut, a Friction Ring, Compression Washer,
4) POLYBUTYLENE (PB)
Fit a Threaded Adapter Fitting or a Standard Taper Pipe Thread
DRAIN, WASTE & VENT PIPE – Range from 1 ½” – 4” Diameter
1) ABS
COMMON PLUMBING FITTINGS ( Iron, Copper, Plastic; Steel)
2) CAST IRON PIPE
3) GALVANIZED STEEL PIPE NIPPLE – Lesser Than 12” Length / Threaded On Both Ends
4) POLYVINYL CHLORIDE More Than 12” – Cut Pipe; 1/8” To 12” Ф; Brass/Steel
Close – fittings/valves joined very close to each other
STORM-DRAINAGE MATERIALS – interior/underground (for storm sewer)
 INSIDE STORM DRAINAGE Short – small amount of pipe exists (shoulder)
 Cement, Vitrified Clay, Concrete Long – larger amount of bare pipe exists
 SUBSOIL DRAINS – Vitrified Clay, Cast Iron, PVC, PE

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 BUILDING UTILITIES
SANITARY, PLUMBING SYSTEMS & EQUIPMENT
EXTENSION PIECE – male threaded atone end TYPES / CLASSIFICATION OF FIXTURES
TAILPIECE – connects the outlet of a fixture to a trap 1) SOIL FIXTURES
RETURN BEND – made up of two 90° bends with inside threads & outside threads; 180° bend a) WATER CLOSET
FERRULE – a metallic sleeve, for the purpose of cleaning or examining the interior of the pipe i. Siphon Jet (SJ)
ii. Siphon Vortex (SV)
iii. Reverse Trap (RT)
OFFSET – combination of elbows or bends
iv. Wash Down (WD)
DOUBLE OFFSET – two offsets in succession v. Blow Out (BO)
TAPPED TEE – tapped to receive a threaded pipe or fittings
b) URINALS
i. Trough Urinal
SIAMESE CONNECTION – connected to a hydrant/same nozzle/hose fitting w/ clapper valves
ii. Wall-Hung
WYE – hose connection with two-gated outlets iii. Pedestal Urinal
STANDPIPE – a vertical pipe, or a reservoir, iv. Stall Urinal
into which water is pumped to give it a head, classified as:
c) SERVICE SINK, SLOP SINK (Mop Sink, Janitor’s Sink, Utility Sink)
WET STANDPIPE - water pressure maintained
AUTOMATIC STANDPIPE SYSTEM - operates automatically by opening a hose valve 2) SINKS
MANUALLY–OPERATED STANDPIPE SYSTEM – remote control device at each hose station a) KITCHEN SINK
b) SCULLERY SINK – Pot Sink (Restaurants & Large Kitchens)
DRY STANDPIPE – no permanent water inside pipe
c) PANTRY SINK
d) LAUNDRY TUB
PLUMBING FIXTURES
LATRINE – water closet with continuous trough 3) BATHING
BALL COCK – a faucet / valve opened / a) LAVATORY – wash basin
Closed by the fall or rise of a ball floating on the surface of water i. Above Counter/Counter Top
BALL JOINT – cuplike shell allows movement in every direction ii. Under the Counter
iii. Self-Rimming
iv. Pedestal
BATHROOM – Equipped With Shower Stall or Bathtub
SWIMMING POOL – A Water Receptacle Used For Swimming/Water Basin b) BATHTUBS
PRIVATE / PRIVATE USE – Intended For the Use of the Family or Individual i. Built-In Bathtub
ii. Bidet, Sitz Bath, Foot Bath
PUBLIC / PUBLIC USE – Public Comfort Stations; Use Is Similarly Unrestricted
iii. BIDET – washing the middle part of the body; genitals (sitz bath/foot bath)
iv. Hospital Baths
FLUSH TANK – For Flushing/Removing Excrements v. Whirlpool
FLUSH VALVE – Flushing Water Directly From Water Supply Pipes /
In Connection (At the Bottom of the Tank) c) SHOWER
FLUSHOMETER TANK – Air Accumulator Vessel; i. Shower Enclosures
ii. Telephone Shower
Predetermined Quantity of Water for Flushing Purposes
iii. Massage Shower Panels
FLUSHOMETER VALVE – Actuated Direct Water Pressure iv. Rainshower
v. Shower Baths (Hydrotherapy Massage)

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DRAINAGE SYSTEM
DRAINAGE SYSTEM – takes the waste water from the plumbing fixtures
& deliver it to the sewer
HOUSE SEWER – Part Of The Drainage System Beginning Just Outside The Foundation Wall
& Terminating At The Main Sewer. The Terminal Of A House Sewer Can
Also Be A Septic Tank.
HOUSE DRAIN – part of the plumbing system which receives the discharge of all soil & waste
stacks within the building & conveys it to the house sewer (collection line)
BUILDING DRAIN (HOUSE DRAIN) – lowest horizontal piping of drainage system; conveys to
the building sewer beginning 0.6 m. outside the building wall
BUILDING SEWER (HOUSE SEWER) – starts at the end of the building drain
BUILDING SUBDRAIN – underground system; cannot drain by gravity into the building sewer
SUBSOIL DRAIN – underground drainpipe; receives only subsurface or seepage water &
convey it to a sump for disposal by gravity flow or by lift pump
BUILDING UTILITIES
SANITARY, PLUMBING SYSTEMS & EQUIPMENT
HORIZONTAL BRANCH – branch drain extending laterally from a soil / waste stack,
with or without sections or branches
SOIL PIPE – portion of the plumbing system which receives the discharge of water closets
WASTE PIPE – Part of The Drainage System W/C Conveys The Discharge Of Fixtures Other
Than Water Closets, Such As Sinks, Lavatories, Bathtubs;
Usually Smaller In Ф than Soil Pipe
STORM DRAINAGE – conveys storm water to a satisfactory terminal
CATCH BASIN – liquids are retained to deposit settleable material
DOWNSPOUT – the vertical portion
HOUSE STORM SEWER – is the pipeline from the building to the public storm sewer system
FLASHING – a piece of sheet metal fitted under another piece of flat metal
or wood over which is expected to run
LEADER (CONDUCTOR) – from building gutter to downspout/conductor
STORM WATER – rainfall/precipitation

TRAPS USED IN PLUMBING SYSTEM

PITCH – (GRADE); SLOPE – (GRADE)
TRAP – a fitting or device so constructed as to prevent the passage of air, gas
SUPPORTS – supports, hangers, anchors, brackets, cradles for holding/securing pipe and
SEAL – vertical distance between the dip and the crown weir of a trap / the water in
fixtures to walls, ceiling, floors, or structural members)
the trap between the dip and the crown weir
GRADE – the slope or fall of a line of pipe
TRAP SEAL (WATER SEAL) – maximum vertical depth of liquid that a trap will retain,
measured w/in the crown weir & the top of the dip of the trap
PLUMBING UNIT – minimum standard quantity of

i. One (1) Water Meter, Two Forms Of Water-Sealed Traps

ii. One (1) Water Closet, 1) Common Seal – 2” depth
iii. One (1) Lavatory, 2) Deep Seal – 4”
iv. One (1) Shower Head & Drain For A Bathtub Or Shower Stall,
v. One (1) Kitchen Sink,
Types of Permissible Traps
vi. One (1) Laundry Tray &
vii. Three (3) Floor Drains & Four (4) Faucets / Hose Bib 1) P-Trap – ½ S
2) Drum Trap
FIXTURE UNIT – one fixture unit equivalent to a flow rate of 7 ½ gallons of water per min; 28.3
liters per min (1 cu.ft/minute) 3) Grease Trap

DRAIN – a sewer, pipe or conduit conveying ground water, surface water, storm water,
wastewater or sewage

FIXTURE DRAIN – the drain from the trap of a fixture to the junction of the drain

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 BUILDING UTILITIES
SANITARY, PLUMBING SYSTEMS & EQUIPMENT
CLARIFIER – intercept or to separate, and prevent the passage of oil, grease, sand (2) TWO PRINCIPAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF VENTS
GREASE INTERCEPTOR – interceptor of 3 cubic meters capacity MAIN SOIL & WASTE VENT (STACK VENT) / SOIL STACK
GREASE TRAP – device to retain grease from one to four fixtures (maximum) Used to ventilate the soil & waste pipes portion of the soil-pipe stack
SAND INTERCEPTOR – (INTERCEPTOR) above the highest installed fixture branch extending through the roof
the terminal for the many main vents

Objectionable Traps / Non-Permissible Traps MAIN VENT (VENT STACK) – Principal Artery; “Relief” & “Yoke” Vents
Tributary; Collecting Vent Line; Relieves Any Back-Pressure;
1) Full S and ¾ S Traps
Terminates In the Soil-Pipe Stack
a) DOUBLE–BEND FITTING – Fitting shaped like the “S” At Least 3’ Above the Highest Installed Fixture Branch
b) TRAP ARM – That portion of a fixture drain between a trap & the vent VENT STACK – Vertical Vent Pipe
2) Bag Trap
STACK VENT – The Extension of a Soil or Waste Stack above the Highest Horizontal
3) Mechanically Sealed Trap Drain Connected To the Stack (SVTR)
4) Internal Partition Trap
DRY VENT – a vent that does not carry water or water borne waste
5) Light Metal Partition Traps
WET VENT – portion of a vent pipe through which liquid waste flow
AIRBREAK – physical separation into indirect waste receptor from fixture, BRANCH VENT – A Horizontal Vent Pipe Connecting From a Branch of the Drainage
device indirectly connected System to a Vent Stack or Stack Vent

AIR GAP, DRAINAGE – unobstructed vertical distance between the lowest openings from any GROUP VENT – A Branch Vent
pipe to the flood level rim of the receptor
Types of Vents
AIR GAP, WATER DISTRIBUTION – unobstructed vertical distance through free atmosphere  Individual Vent
between the lowest opening from any pipe or faucet  Unit Vent
conveying potable water to the flood-level rim  Circuit or Loop Ventilation
 Relief Ventilation
INDIRECT WASTE PIPE – a waste pipe that does not connect directly  Looped Vent
with the building drainage  Local Vent / Utility Vent

RECEPTOR – approved plumbing fixture / VENT PIPE – a pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing system;
device to adequately receive discharge from indirect waste pipes for reducing the pressure exerted on trap seals

SPECIAL WASTE – require special methods of handling (use of indirect waste piping & BACKVENT PIPE – connects directly with an individual trap underneath/behind the fixture
receptors, corrosion resistant piping, sand, oil or grease interceptors, INDIVIDUAL VENT – (BACK VENT PIPE)
condensers or other pre-treatment facilities
REVENT PIPE – (BACK VENT PIPE)
VENT SYSTEM – provide flow of air to or from a drainage system; provide a circulation of air to
protect traps seals from siphonage & backpressure COMMON VENT – (UNIT VENT/DUAL VENT)
DUAL VENT – (UNIT VENT)
UNIT VENT – An Arrangement of Venting; Installed That One Vent Pipe Will Serve Two Traps

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CIRCUIT / LOOPVENT – group vent from in front of the last fixture/connects to vent stack
(extension is usually vertical immediately beyond its connection to
the soil or waste pipe); connected to the stack vent
RELIEF VENT – acts as Auxiliary Vent (“Yoke Vent”)
YOKE VENT – pipe connecting upward from a soil or waste stack below the floor and below
horizontal connection to an adjacent vent stack
BUILDING UTILITIES
SANITARY, PLUMBING SYSTEMS & EQUIPMENT
PUBLIC SEWER – A Common Sewer Controlled By Public Authority
DOMESTIC SEWAGE (SANITARY SEWAGE) – Liquid / Water–Borne Wastes
Free From Industrial Wastes
SANITARY SEWAGE – Human Excrement / Liquid Household Waste (DOMESTIC SEWAGE)
SANITARY SEWER – With or Without Industrial Wastes / w/o Storm Water or Ground Water

INDUSTRIAL WASTE – Free From Fecal Matter

COMBINATION WASTE & VENT SYSTEM – horizontal wet venting of one or more sinks/floor
drains by a common horizontal waste and vent pipe LIQUID WASTE – Does Not Receive Fecal Matter

CONTINUOUS WASTE – drain connecting the compartments of a set of fixtures to a trap or WASTE - (LIQUID WASTE / INDUSTRIAL WASTE)
connecting other permitted fixtures to a common trap

SIPHONAGE – a suction created by the flow of liquids in pipes MUNICIPAL SEWAGE TREATMENT
(pressure less than atmospheric)
ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS
VACUUM – an air pressure less than atmospheric (SIPHONAGE) 1) COARSE SCREEN HOUSE
LOCAL VENT – convey foul air from a plumbing fixture or a room to the outer air 2) GRIT CHAMBER
3) FINE SCREEN HOUSE
WASTE DISPOSAL TREATMENT & RECYCLING
4) MIXING TANK OR ACTIVATED SLUDGE TANK
Classification of Public Sewers
5) AERATING TANKS
1) SANITARY SEWERS – Two Kinds:
6) CLARIFIER TANKS
a) Intercepting / Trunk–Line Sewer
7) CHEMICAL HOUSE
b) Tributary / Contributing Sewer
8) FILTER HOUSE
2) STORM SEWERS
9) DRIER HOUSE
PRIMARY BRANCH – single sloping drain from the base of a stack to its junction w/ main 10) WAREHOUSE
building drain or with another branch

SECONDARY BRANCH – any branch in a building drain other than that of the primary branch TRICKLING / SPRINKLING PROCESS

LATERAL – secondary pipeline PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM – effluent discharging into a
subsurface disposal field & seepage pit
MANHOLE – an opening of sufficient size for a man to gain access thereto 1) CESSPOOL
SEWERAGE, SEWERAGE WORKS – (Construction, Collection, Transportation, Pumping 2) PRIVY
Treatment & Final Disposition Of Sewage) 3) SEPTIC TANK
SEWAGE – The Liquid Wastes Such Ground Surface, & Storm Water, Wastewater
PRIVATE SEWER – privately owned/not directly controlled by the public authority
SEWER – A Pipe Or Conduit For Carrying Sewage & Waste Liquids

MAIN SEWER – (Public Sewer)

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 BUILDING UTILITIES
SANITARY, PLUMBING SYSTEMS & EQUIPMENT
CLASSES OF SEWAGE SYSTEMS
CLASS 1 – A Chemical Toilet, An Incinerating Toilet,
A Recirculating Toilet, A Self–Contained Portable Toilet & All Forms Of Privy

 PRIVY – Outhouse / Structure for Deposition of Excrement

 PRIVY VAULT – A Pit beneath A Privy in Which Excrement Collects

CLASS 2 – GREY WATER SYSTEM

CLASS 3 – a CESSPOOL
 CESSPOOL – A Pit for the Reception or Detention of Sewage /
Non–Watertight Lined Excavation
 LEACHING CESSPOOL – a cesspool that is not watertight
 SEEPAGE PIT – loosely lined excavation in the ground,
receives discharge of septic tank; seep through pit bottom & sides

CLASS 4 – a leaching bed system including sewage systems utilizing treatment units

CLASS 5
A System Which Requires Or Uses A Holding Tank For The Retention Hauled Sewage At
The Site Where It Is Produced Prior To Its Collection By Hauled Sewage System

 SEPTIC TANK – Water–Tight Receptacle;

Separate Solids From The Liquid, Digest Organic Matter

ADDITIONAL RESEARCH

Administrative Authorities concerned in Plumbing

Requirements on applying for a Plumbing Permit

WATER SOURCE (Angat Dam, La Mesa Watershed, Bangui Ilocos Norte Windmill, Laguna
Geothermal Plant, Ma. Cristina Falls)

Most common Hot-Water Devices used in the Philippines

How does Centrifugal Pump works for high-rise buildings?

New trends of Plastic Pipes, functions, length of pipes, nominal internal diameter

Energy Saving Features of Plumbing Fixtures

How does Flushometer Tank works?

Sizing the House Drain and House Sewer and Drainage Fixture Unit (DFU)
Sizing the Water Distribution Pipe and Water Supply Fixture Unit (WSFU)

Sewage Treatment Plant for Buildings

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