Electrostatics Exercise Solutions

Electrostatics
SOLUTIONS OF ELECTROSTATICS
EXERCISE-1
PART - I
SECTION (A)
Kq1q2
A-1. F= = 5400 N, attractive.
x2
Kq1q2
F= = 5400 N,
x2
A-2. (a) Distance between the two charges = x = [3 – (–1)]2  (1– 1)2  (–2 – 1)2 = 5 m
 kq1 q2 9  109  20  10–6  25  10–6
Force, | F | = = 0.18 N
x2 (5)2
F
q2
q1 (3,1,–2)
(b) (–1,1,1)
[{3 – (–1)}iˆ  0ˆj – 3k]
ˆ 4iˆ – 3kˆ
Unit vector in direction of F is =
5 5
A-3.
q1 = 1 × 10–6C, q2 = 8 × 10–6C, q3 = 27 × 10–6C, ........................q20 = 203 × 10–6 C

   
 Fnet  F1  F2 + ............................+ F 20
kq0 q1 kq0q2 kq0 q20

= 2
 2 + .........................+ 2
r1 r2 r20
q q q 
= kq0  21  22  ...........................................  220 
 r1 r2 r20 
 1 10–6 8  10–6 203  10–6 
= 9 × 109 × 1  2
  ...........................................  
 (1) (2)2 (20)2 
= 9000 [1 + 2 + 3 + ........................+ 20]
= 1890000 = 1.89 × 106 N
kq1q2 9  109  (4  10–6 )2

A.4. (i) ; T=F= = = 0.144 N
r2 (1)2
F 144  10–3
(ii) a=  m/s2 = 6 m/s2
m 24  10 –3
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ADVES - 1
Electrostatics
A-5. (i) Let charges on the spheres are + q1 and – q2. Initially
kq1q2
 Force F1 = = 0.108 N ......(i)
(0.5)2
q1  q2
(ii) After connecting with conducting wire charge on each sphere becomes:
2
2
 q  q2 
k 1
2 
 F2 =  = 0.036 N .....(ii)
(0.5)2
(iii) on solving (i) and (ii) ; q1 and q2 are  1 × 10–6 C and 3 × 10–6 C.
A-6. (i)
From the given diagram,

kq2 9  109  10–18 1
tan  = = =
r mg (0.1 10 )  10  9  10
2 –3 –4
100
 1 
  = tan–1   = 0.6º
 100 
A-7.
The charge 'q' cannot be placed in the region I and III for it to be in equilibrium [whether it is positive or
negative]
Only region is II, where equilibrium can be attained.
Let charge q is placed at distance 'x' from 4e.
Equating the forces, we get.
kq(4e) kq(e)

x 2
( – x)2
2
 x  x
or 4=   or =2
 –x  – x
2
 x = 2 – 2x or x=
3
'2 '
 Charge q has to be placed at distance from 4e
3
If q is +ve, then on displacing slightly from point P the charge will return back to P
 Stable equilibrium
If q is negative, then on displacing slightly from P, charge will be attracted towards the charge towards
which it is displaced.
 Unstable equilibrium
ADVES - 2
Electrostatics
A-8.
Equating the forces on charge q placed at point ‘C’ we see,

kq.q kq2
F1 =  2
a2 a
kq2 3 3 kq2
 2F1 cos 30º = 2 ×  
a2 2 a2
k(q)(q) 3kq2
F2 = 2

 a  a2
 
 3
 F2 is stronger than 2F1 cos 30º, so charge 'q' at C is attracted towards 'O'
Ans. All 3 charges move towards centre 'O'.
(b) The charge 'Q' at centre 'O' is already in equilibrium
Now, for each charge to be in equilibrium let us consider equilibriun (rest) for charge 'q' at 'C'
Equating forces: 2F1 cos 30º = F2
3kq2 kQ2 3kq2 3kQq q
     Q=
a2  a 
2
a2 a2 3
 
 3
value of Q should be –ve for F2 to be attractive
q
 Q=– Ans.
3
A-9.
2kQq x x
Fmax = 2 Fcos  = . = 2 kQq
 2 d2 
2
 2 d  2
 2 d2 
3/2
 x    x 

 x  
 4   4   4 
 
ADVES - 3
Electrostatics
 
 
dFmax d  x 
for Fnet to be max. 0 or 2kQq  3/2 
=0
dx dx   2 d  
2
x 
 
4  

3/2 1/ 2
 2 d2  3  2 d2 
x   [1] – x. . x   .[2x]
or 
4  2  4
3
=0
 2 d2 
x  
 4 
d2 d2 d
or x 2  – 3x2 = 0 or 2x 2   x
4 4 2 2
d
Ans : x 
2 2
x
Value of Fmax  (Fnet)max = 2kQq 3/2
Put the value of x
 2 d2 
x  
 4 
d d
2kQq.
 2 2  2 2 = 2kQq 1 16 k Qq
(Fnet)max = 2kqQ . 2 
3 3 d 
3/2 3/2
 d2 d2   3d2  3 3 d2
      
8 4  8   8 
4Qq
(Fnet)max =
3 3 0 d2
Section (B)
F 25  10 –3
B-1. By definition; E = = = 5 × 103 N/C
q 5  10 –6
B-2.Let final velocity is Vx î  Vy ˆj
then rks Vx = v0. and o t = /v0.
eE  eE 
Vy = ay t = ; where  ay 
mv 0  m 
Vy eE 1.6  10 19  91 10 6 1
 tan  =  = =1   = 45º
Vx mv 02 9.1 10 31 16 10 6
B-3.
The electric field cannot be zero in regions II and III

It can be zero only in regions 'I'.
(i) Let electric field is zero at point 'P' in I at distance 'x' from point A.
 Equating electric fields at point P, due to both charges [x in cm]
k(4  10–6 ) k(64  10 –6 )
 
x2 (90  x)2
ADVES - 4
Electrostatics
2
 90  x 
  x  = 16
 
90  x
  4 or x = 30 cm
x
 At distance x = 30 cm from A along BA.
B-4.
Let E1, E2 and E3 be the electric fields at point D due to charges at points A, C and B respectively.
kq 2 kq  1  kq
 Enet =   2
2a2 a2  2  a2
along the line BD
B-5.
r1 = (3 – 1) 2  (3 – 1) 2 (3 – 2) 2 = 22  22  12 = 3
r2 = (3 – 0) 2  (3 – 3) 2 [3 – (–1)] 2 = 9  0  16 = 5
 kq1  9  10  3  10
9 –6
 E1 = r =
3 1
. [(3 – 1) î + (3 –1) ĵ + (3 – 2) k̂
r1 (3)3
= 103 [2 î + 2 ĵ + k̂ ]
 kq2  9  109  2.5  10–6
E2 = r2 = . [(3 – 0) î + (3 – 3) ĵ + {(3 – (–1)} k̂ ]
r23 (5)3
9  2.5
= × 103 [3 î + 0 ĵ + 4 k̂ ]
125
9
= × 1000 [ 3 î + 4 k̂ ] = 180 [3 î + 4 k̂ ]
50
  
 Enet = E1 + E 2
= [2000 î + 2000 ĵ + 1000 k̂ ] + [540 î + 720 k̂ ] = [2540 î + 2000 ĵ + 1720 k̂ ] N/C.
ADVES - 5
Electrostatics
B-6.
Small part 'AB' of hollow sphere of area 'dA' is cut off. Now, electric field at centre 'O' of system will only
be due to part CD of area 'dA' directly in front of it. [rest is cancelled out]
Let charge on CD  dQ
Q
 dQ = . (dA)
(4a2 )
k(dQ) 1 Q 1
EO = Electric field at O = = dA . 2
2
(a ) 40 4a 2
a
QdA
 EO = Ans.
162 0 a4
B-7.
(i)
As shown in figure
 2k  r 4k
Enet = 2E sin /2 = 2  r  x = x along the line OP.
 
(ii)
As shown in figure
Enet = 2 E cos /2
ADVES - 6
Electrostatics
 2k    4k
2=    cos  = . sin /2 . cot /2
 r  2 r
4k r
= . . cot /2
r x
4k
= cot /2 ; perpendicular to OP as shown.
x
B-8. (1) Time period in the absence of field
50
T = 2 
g 30
(2) When electric field is switched on;
qE 6  10–6  5  104
geft = g – = 10 – = 5 m/s2
m 60  10–3
5 10 5 2
(3)  New time period T' = 2  =
5 3 5 3
(4) Let time taken to complete 60 oscillations is t0.
t 5 2
  T' = 0 
60 3
or to = T' × 60 = 100 2  141s
B-9.
  ˆ 2 ˆ 4 ˆ   ˆ 2 ˆ 4 ˆ
EA = j j– j; EB = – j j– j
20 20 20 20 20 20
  ˆ 2 ˆ 4 ˆ   ˆ 2 ˆ 4 ˆ
EC = – j– j– j ED = – j– j j
20 20 20 20 20 20
   3  –7  
 EA = – ĵ ; EB = – ĵ ; EC = ; ED = ĵ .
20 20 20 20
B-10. (i)
Let us construct a Gaussian surface at distance r from surface of sphere inside it (as shown dotted in
figure)
 r=R–x or x=R–r
4
  q .  x 3

Using Gauss law E.dA  in ; 
0
E. 4 x2 = 3
0
x (R – r)
 E= or E=
3 0 3 0
ADVES - 7
Electrostatics
(ii)
Using Gauss law,

4
  q . R3
 E.dA  in  E.4 (R + r)2 = 3 ;
0 0
R3
 E
30 (R  r)2
B-11.
 Complete charge is on the surface of sphere and no charge is present inside it. So by Gauss's
law.
qen
E. 4(R – r)2 = =0

 E=0
(ii)
Note : Solution is same as that of Question B - 10 part (ii)

B-12.
E1
E2
3
1
ADVES - 8
Electrostatics

here E1 = field due to wire 1 (Infinitely long)

E 2 = field due to wire 2

E3 = field due to wire 3
So, Net Electric field :
   
Enet = E1 + E 2 + E3
 
 E1 = – E 2
 R  
2k   sin
  2
= E3 = 
2  4
 Enet =
 2 4 R
R
2
Also here,

E1 = Electric field due to wire 1.

E2 = Electric field due to wire 2.

E3 = Electric field due to wire 3 (Ring).
   
Enet = E1 + E 2 + E3
In X axis : E1 cos 45o – E2 cos 45o = 0 {E1 = E2}
2k  k  k  2k
In Y axis : E1 sin 45o + E2 sin 45o – = + – =0
R R R R
 Electric field at centre = 0
Section (C)
C-1. (speed) v = const
 (q)-------------------------(q) P
V = 0 VP = 1000 V
(i) W ext = q (VP – V) = 20 × 10–6 × 1000 = 20 mJ
(ii) W elec = q (V – VP) = – 20 mJ = – U
(iii) W ext = U + k = qV + K = 20 + 10 = 30 mJ
(iv) W elec = q (V – VP) = – 20 mJ = – U
(v) P (q)V = 0 --------------------(q)V = (k.E = ?)
VP = 1000 V 
welec = K since no external force.
W elec. = – U = – qV = – q (V – Vp) = – 30 × 10–6 (0 – 1000) = 30 mJ = K = K – 0
 K = 30 mJ
ADVES - 9
Electrostatics
C-2.
kqA kqB 4 8 
At Pt. (1) :  =0 or  –  0
x1 0.6  x1  x1 0.6  x1 
 x1 = 0.6 m to the left of A.
kqA kqB 4 8
At pt (2):  or 
x2 0.6 – x 2 x 2 0.6 – x 2
 0.6 – x2 = 2x2 or x2 = 0.2 m to the right of A.
C-3.
 6kq0  6kqq0
(i) W ext = qV = q (V0 – V) = q  – 0 =
 a  a
(ii)
2 2
a + 3a
 6 kq0  3kqq0
W ext = qV = q (Vp – V) = q  – 0 
 a  3a  a
2 2
(iii) No, since work is done against conservative force without change in kinectic energy, so work is path
independent.
C-4.  W ext = UB – UA
 20 = q (VB – VA)
20
 VB – VA = = 400 V
0.05
C-5.  Work is path independent, so no use of point C.

 W = UB – UA
 kq kq 
= q  0 – 0  ; where, rA & rB are positions of point A & B w.r.t origin.
 rB rA 
rA = 0.03 m, rB = 0.04 m
1 1  1 1 
= kq q0  –  = – 9 × 109 × 2 × 10–9 × 8 × 10–3 .  –  = 1.2 J
r r   0.04 0.0 3
 B A 
ADVES - 10
Electrostatics

kQ  
9  109  50  10–6
C-6. (a) E  3
(r – r 0)= (6iˆ – 8ˆj)
 
( 6 8 )
2 2 3
r – r0
 
 E  450 (6iˆ – 8ˆj)V / m or | E | = 4500 V/m = 4.5 kV/m
kqQ kqQ
(b) W ext = Uf – Ui = – (where r1 and r2 distances of (8, 6) & (4, 3) from charge Q)
r2 r1
1 1  1 1 
W ext = 9 × 109 × 10 × 10–6 × 50 × 10–6  –  = 4.5  –  = 1.579 J (approx)
2 45  2 45 
   
 Kq   Kq 
C-7. (i) Potential at the point O = 2   – 2  =0V
 a   a 
   
 2  2
(ii)  Electric field at point O :
As shown from figure. Enet (at O) = E0 = 4 E cos 45º (where, E = Electric field due to individual charge at
point O)
4.kq 1 4 2kQq
 E0 = 2
. = (in shown direction)
 a  2 a2
 
 2
(iii) VE = 0 (from diagram symmetry)
2kq 2kq 4kq  1 

–   – 1
 5a  a/2 a  5 
 
 2 
 W ext (O  E) = Q (VE – V0) = Q (0 – 0) = 0 J
 4kq  1  
W ext (O  F) = Q (VF – V0) = Q   – 1 – 0  J
 a  5  
4kqQ  1 
=  – 1 J
a  5 
ADVES - 11
Electrostatics
C-8.
Q–q
(i) Let the charge on inner sphere = q

 Charge on outer sphere = Q – q
q Q–q
(ii) 1 = 2    
4r 2 4R2
q Q–q Qr 2 QR2
or    q= , Q – q =
r2 R2 R2  r 2 R2  r 2
kq k(Q – q)
 Potential at centre O  V0 = 
r R
q Q – q  Qr QR  QR
R    =  2 2  2 2 = 2 2 (R + r)
r R  R  r R r  R r  
C-9.
kq1 kq2 k
 Vp = 9000 V   = 9000 V or . [1 c + 2c ] = 9000 
3R 3R 3R
9  109 (3  10–6 )
  = 9000 or R=1m
3R
C-10.
   q
W ext = q0 (VB – VA) = q0(–E (b – a)) ;  W ext = q0  – (b – a)  = 0 (a – b)
 20  2 0
ADVES - 12
Electrostatics
C-11.
 
(a)  E r  A and B at same potential  VB – VA = 0
(b)
 Against the field potential rises   VB – VA = E = 20 × 2 = 40 V
C-12.
(a) V(x,y,z) – V(0, 0, 0) = – Ex   V – 0 = – 8x

(b) 160 = – 8x  x = – 20
This equation represents a plane & all points on this plane have potential of 160 V
(c) V – 80 = – 8 x   V = 80 – 8x
(d) V – V0 = – 8x, (where x = )  0 – V0 = – 8 ()  V0 = 
C-13.
KB = 4.5 × 10–5 J KA = 0
(a) W elec = K = 4.5 × 10–5 J.

(b) W elec = qEr = 4.5 × 10–5  
4.5  10 –5
  E= = 3 × 105 N/C
3  10–9  5  10–2
(c) VA – VB = Er = 3.0 × 105 × 0.05 = 1.5 × 104 V
ADVES - 13
Electrostatics
C-14.
Fext
Felec
(a) W ext + W elec = K,  9 × 10–5 + W elec = 4.5 × 10–5  W elec = – 4.5 × 10–5 J
4.5  10 –5
(b) |W elec| = qEr = 4.5 × 10–5 J   E= = 3 × 105 N/C
3  10–9  5  10–2
(c) VB – VA = – Er = – 3 × 105 × 5 × 10–2 = – 1.5 × 104 V
SECTION (D)
D-1. P.E. = qV = 2e × 5V = 10 eV.
6kq 6kq q0
D-2. P.E = q0V = q0 × =
a a
D-3. (1) Let velocity at the surface of sphere is v s. so, by conservation of mechanical energy between point P
&S:
UP + Kp = Us + Ks
R
C S P
R
kQq KQq 1
 – +0=–  mv 2s
2R R 2
1 1 kQq kQq
or mv 2s  ; vs = m/sec
2 2 R mR
(2) Let velocity at the centre of sphire is v e. So, by conservation of mech. energy between P & C.
UP + KP = KC + UC
kQq 1 3 kQq
 –  0 = mv c2 –
2R 2 2R
1 kQq 2kQq
or mv c2   vc = .
2 R mR
D-4.
v
By C.O.M.E., Up + Kp = Kc + Uc
 kq0  1  kq0 
 q   2 + 0 = mv 2  q   2
 5  10  4  10
–2 –2
 2 
ADVES - 14
Electrostatics
1  100 100 
or mv 2 = 2 K q0q  5 – 4 
2  
1
 9  10–6 × v2 = 2 × 9 × 109 × 5 × 10–6 × 10 × 10–6 × 5.
2
or v2 = 4 × 25 × 104.
 v = 1000 m/sec.
D-5. (a) Let minimum distance is r0 by
r0
 by cons. of ME between  and point P :

kQq Qq
U + K = Up + Kp or 0+K= +0  r0 = .........(i)
r0 40K
(b) As shown in diagram, Let particle approach closest distance point S from  at speed v.
 By C.O.M.E. between  & S.
kQq 1
U + K = Us + Ks or 0 + K = + mV2 ............(ii)
2r0 2
Putting ro from (i) in (ii)
K 1 K
K=  mv2  v=
2 2 m
E-1. By energy conservation between initial and final state of the system
W + (K.E)1 + (P.E)1 = (K.E)2 + (P.E)2
kq1q2 kq1q2
W+0+ =0+
r1 r2
1 1
or, W = kq1q2  – 
 r1 r2 
 1 1 
W = 9 × 109 × 15 × 10–6 × 10 × 10–6  – 
 .15 .30 
 W = 4.5 Joule
E-2. The electrostatic potential energy of the system

k(q) (2q) k(2q) (–4q) k(q) (–4q)
U=  
0.1 0.1 0.1
kq2
or U= [–10]
0.1
9  109  (10 – 7 )2  (–10)
 U=
(0.1)
U = – 9.0 × 10–3 Joule
ADVES - 15
Electrostatics
E-3.
Electrostatic potential energy of charge system

u  u2  u3  u4  u5  u6  u7  u8
unet = 1
2
and by symmetry u1 = u2 =u3 = u4 = u5 = u6 = u7 = u8
so unet = 4 u1.
 3kq2 3kq2 kq2 
(i) inital potential energy = 4    
 a ( 2a) ( 3a) 
4kq2  3 1 
uinitial = 3   
a  2 3
(ii) Potential energy of system when all sides of cube increase from a to 2a
 3kq2 3kq2 kq2 
ufinal = 4    
 2a 2 2a 2 3a 
 2kq2
3 1 
ufinal = 3   
 a2 3
Work done by external agent against electrostatic forces :
 2kq2
3 1 
W ext = ufinal – uinitial = – 3   
 a 2 3
work done by electrostatic forces
 2kq2
3 1 
W ele. = uinitial – ufinal ; W ele. = 3    = – W ext
 a 2 3
(iii) By applying energy conservation between initial and final positions:
(K.E)initial + (P.E)initial = (K.E)final + (P.E)final
4kq2  3 1  1 2 2kq2  3 1 
0+ 3   8 2 mv   3   
a  2 3   a  2 3
kq2  3 1 
v= 3   
2ma  2 3
(iv)  At infinity P.E. of charge A = 0}
 By conservation of mechanical energy A & 
UA + KA = U + K
kq2  3 1  1 2kq2  3 1 
3    +0=0+ mv2 or v= 3   
a  2 3 2 a  2 3
(v) By energy conservation
(K.E)initial + (P.E)initial = (K.E)final + (P.E)final
4kq2  3 1  1 2 kq2  3 1 
0+ 3   8  2 mv  0 v= 3    m/sec
a  2 3   ma  2 3
ADVES - 16
Electrostatics
SECTION (F)
F-1.
Q1
R1
Q2
R2
Q2
Self energy of a shell =
8 o R
Now total energy of system
 (self energy)R1 + (self energy)R2 + (potential energy)R1R2
2
kQ12 kQ22 kQ1Q2 kQ1 kQ22 kQ,Q 2
= + + = + +
2R1 2R 2 (Rexternal  R2 ) 2R1 2R 2 R2
F-2 Work done by electric force = – [change in potential energy of the system]
 W ele = – P.E = – [(P.E)final – (P.E)initial]
 kqq0 kq2   kqq0 kq2  
W ele = –   –  
 2R 2(2R)   R 2R  
kq (q0  q / 2) q (q0  q/ 2)
W ele = or W ele =
2R 80R
(ii) Work done by external agent against electric forces = P.E
 W ext = – W ele
q (q0  q/ 2)
or W ext = –
80R
F-3. By energy conservation :

K.Einitial + (P.E)initial = (K.E)final + (P.E)final
kQQ KQ2 Q2
0+ = 2 (K.E) + 0 ;  K.E = 
d 2d 80 d
kq2
F-4. Eneryg stored out side the sphere = = U0 ; Total self energy of solid uniformly charged sphere
2R
3kq2
=
5R
3 6U0
 Self energy = [2U0] =
5 5
SECTION (G)

G-1. Given E  2yiˆ  2xjˆ
 
& dV = – E . d r
 dV = – ( 2yiˆ  2xjˆ ). ( dxiˆ  dyjˆ  dzkˆ )
or dV = – (2y dx + 2x dy)
  dV = – 2  (ydx  xdy) = –2  d(xy)
V = –2xy + C
ADVES - 17
Electrostatics
   
G-2.  E(x,y,z)  – (V) î – (V)jˆ – (V)kˆ
x y z

 E(x,y,z)  –2xyiˆ – (x 2  2yz)jˆ – y 2kˆ
  

G-3.  E(r)  –  V or E(r)  – (V)rˆ
r

 
 E(r)  – (2r 2 )rˆ  E(r)  –4rrˆ = 4r
r
 
(i) Given r  î – 2kˆ So, E(r)  –4(iˆ – 2k)
ˆ
 
(ii) E(r  2)  –4.2.rˆ or E(r  2)  –8rˆ
b 
G-4. Vb – Va  –  E.dr
a
(3,3)
 V(3,3) – V(0,0)  –  (10iˆ  20ˆj).(dxiˆ  dyjˆ  dzk)

ˆ
(0,0)
3 3
or V(3,3) = –  10dx –  20dy = – 30 – 60
0 0
 V(3,3) = – 90 volt
b 
G-5. Vb – Va = –  E.dr
a
(0,0)
ˆ ˆ  dyjˆ  dzk)
ˆ
V(0, 0) – V(2, 4) = 
(2,4)
(20xi).(dxi
0
0
 V(0, 0) = –  20x dx   –10x 
2
2
2
V(0, 0) = 40 Volt
 
G-6. V(r) = –  E.dr
V(r) = –  2r dr
2
or
2r 2
 V(r) = – C
3
 
G-7. V(x, y, z) = –  E.dr
V(x, y, z) = –  (2x2 î – 3y 2 ˆj).(dxiˆ  dyjˆ  dzk)

ˆ
or V(x, y, z) = –  2x dx   3y dy
2 2
2x 3
 V(x, y, z) = – + y3 + C
3
ADVES - 18
Electrostatics
SECTION (H)
H-1. (i) Given diagram is :
(ii) It can be shown in the form of dipoles as

where, P = dipole moment of single dipole
So, net dipole moment is : Pnet  P2  P2  2P.P cos60º or Pnet = 3P  3Qa
and direction is along the bisector of the angle at –2Q, towards the triangle
H-2.
  
a >> d so we can treat charge A and C as a dipole. So net electric filed at point P : Enet  EB  EAC
2 2

 kQ   k(P) 
or Enet   2    3  {dipole moment P = (2d) Q}
a   a 
 1
or Enet  Q2 a 2  p 2
40 a3
H-3. Work done by external agent = q [Vfinal – Vinitial]

 kpcos 45º kpcos135º  qp  1  1 
 W ext = q  –  = 2 
– – 
  4  r  2 
2 2
r r 2 
2qp
 W ext =
40r 2
ADVES - 19
Electrostatics
H-4.
(i)
ĵ
N 2
(–1,2,–3)
60º 3
P M
(0,0,0) (2,0,0)
î
k̂
Given :( P = î + 3 ˆj )
P = 1 3 = 2
 Electric field at point M : 
kP
E = 3 1  3cos2 
r
9  109  2
= 1  3(cos2 60)
(2)3
9 7k
= × 109 × 1  3 / 4 =
4 8
Potential at point M :
kPcos  k  2  1/ 2 K
Vm = = = s
r 2
(2)2 4
p.r (iˆ  3 ˆj)  (– î  3 ˆj  0k)
ˆ
(ii) V = K 3 = K.
 
3
r
( 1)2  ( 3 )2  (0)2
2 K
 V=K. = .......(i)
8 4
p.r (iˆ  3 ˆj)  (–î  3 ˆj  0k)
ˆ 1
& cos  = = =
pr 2 2 2
KP K 2 3 K 7
 E= 3cos2   1 = . 1=
r3 23 4 8
H-5. Dipole moment of molecule of substance = 10–29 C-m
E applied = 106 Vm–1
Change of angle of electric field = 60º
No of molecules in one mole  n = 6.023 × 1023
 Amount of heat released in aligning the dipoles along new direction
 + U = W ext
= + [Uf – Ui]
= n [–PE cos60º – (–PE)]
 –PE  PE
=n   PE  = n
 2  2
6.023  1023  10–29  106 6.023
= = = 3.0115 J
2 2
6.023
 = 3.0115 J (approx)
2
ADVES - 20
Electrostatics
SECTION ()
-1. = E. A
= (2iˆ – 10ˆj  5k) ˆ = 50 N m2/c
ˆ . (10k)
-2.
 Through the given volume : flux entering = flux coming out

i.e  in = out
  net = out – in = 0
-3.
O M
q q
R
2R
q 8.85  10–8
Electric flux due to charge q at O  =
0 8.85  10–12
N  m2
= 104
C
Electric flux due to charge q at M  0
( flux centering = flux coming out)
(for spherical surface)
-4.
Let us complete the sphere by drawing remaining hemisphere dotted as shown in

Then total electric flux through complete sphere.
= q/0 = 
q 
Hence flux through lower hemisphere   
2 0 2
-5. Since : out = 2 in

 net = out = + ve
i.e net flux is coming out (+ve) from the surface.
 There is net + ve charge inside closed surface
ADVES - 21
Electrostatics
SECTION (J)
J-1. The charge distribution on the surface of two plates can be shown as
From the given diagram :

Q
(a) surface charge density on inner part of plate x =
2A
(b) electric field at point 1 :
1

 Q/2A(towards left)
(c) electric field at point 2 : -

2
 Q/2A(towards right)
(d) electric field at point 3 : -


 Q/2A(towards right)
J-2. Let the charge distribution on the plates is as shown in the figure
Equating electric field at point P inside the right most plate :
–q x  2q – x 
+0+ =  
A  A   A  
3q
 – q + x = 2q – x or x=
2
 Charge on outer surface of leftmost plate is

3q q
–q+ =
2 2
ADVES - 22
Electrostatics
J-3. Let charge distribution on each surface at plates are shown in figure (after applying the electric field)
Now, at point P :
(  x) (x – 2) 3  20E
– =E  2x + 3 = E. 20  x=
2 o 2 o 2
J-4.
As shown, 10 C and 20 C are charge on two spheres before connecting with conducting wire.
Let after connecting with conducting wire, the charges on two spheres  Q1 & Q2
(i) After connection
Potentials of both spheres are equal
 V1 = V2
kQ1 kQ2
or = 3 Q1= 2Q2
2cm 3cm
Q1 2
 =
Q2  3
Q1 2
(ii) = (i) & Q1+ Q2(ii) = 30 C  charge conservation
Q2  3
 from (i) & (ii)
2Q2
Q2 + = 30
3
5Q2
or = 30
3
90
or Q2 = c = 18 c
5
2 2
& Q1 = Q2 = × 18 c = 12 c
3 3
ADVES - 23
Electrostatics
1 Q  / 4r12 Q r2
(iii) = 1 = 1 × 22
2  Q2  Q2  r1
4r22
2 9 3
= × =
3 4 2
(iv) Heat produced during the process 
initial energy of system – final energy of system
 Ui – Uf
1 1 2 1 2
  2 C1V1  2 C2 V2  –  2 Ceq V 
2
   
Where; C1 = 40r1
C2 = 40r2
kQ1 kQ2 C1V1  C2 V2
V1 = ; V2 = &V= ; Ceq = (C1 + C2)
r1 r2 C1  C2
2
1 1  1  C1V1  C2 V2 
 Heat   C1V12  C2 V22  –   (C1 + C2)
2 2  2  C1  C2 
C1V2  C2 V22 (C1V1  C2 V2 )2
 –
2 2(C1  C2 )
1  C V12  C1C2 V22  C1C2 V12  C22 V22 – C12 V12 – C22 V22 – 2C1C2 V1V2 
2
 
1

2  (C1  C2 ) 
C1C2 (V1 – V2 )2 r r 
 = 20  1 2  (V1 –V2)2
2(C1  C2 )  r1  r2 
r1 r2
 Heat = 20 (V1 –V2)2
(r1  r2 )
1 2  3  10 –4   10  10–6 20  10 –6  
2
 × (9  109 )2   –  
2  9  109
5  10 –2   2  10
–2
3  10–2  

2 2
3  20 –4  27 7  –5 –4  27 25
5  10 – 3  10  = 5 × 10  3  10  = 5 × 9 ×10
–4
× 10–2 × 9 × 109 –1
5    
3
= Joules Ans
2

J-5.
Before connecting spheres charges are Qa & Qb on inner & outer sphere
After closing switch S :
Potentials of both becomes equal
Let charges on two spheres after connection are Qa & Qb as shown
ADVES - 24
Electrostatics
 Qa + Qb = Qa + Qb ...........(1)

VI = VII
KQa KQb KQa KQb
 + = +
a b b b
 Qa 0 ...........(2)
Putting (2) in (1)
0 + Qb= Qa + Qb
 Qa= Qa + Qb Ans.
i.e total charge is transferred to outer shell
(ii) Heat produced during the process  Initial energy of system – final energy of system
 Heat = Vi – Vf
 KQa2 KQa2 KQa Qb   KQb2  KQa2 KQb2 KQa Qb K
=    –
   = + + – (Qa + Qb)2n
 2a 2b b   2b  2a 2b b 2b
KQa2 KQb2 KQa Qb KQa2 KQb2 KQa Qb KQa2  1 1 
= + + – – – = . –
2a 2b b 2b 2b b 2  a b 
J-6.


Let charge q appears on the inner shell after grounding

(i) potential of inner shell = 0 (grounded)
kq kq k(q  q)
 – + =0
r1 r2 r2
q –q
or =
r1 r2
–qr1
 q =
r2
 charge on inner surface of outer shell  –q
qr
or – q = 1 Ans.
r2
(ii) Final charges on spheres :
–qr1
inner sphere  q =
r2
outer sphere  q
(iii) initial charges on inner sphere = 0
final charges on inner sphere = q
qr1
or charge flown from inner sphere to earth   – q =
r2
ADVES - 25
Electrostatics
J-7.
r1
r2
kq V1r1
Initially charge on r1 = q, then = V1 ; q=
r1 k
Now, if both shells are connected to each other, total charge goes to outer shell so, how potential at 2nd
kq r
shell : V2 = = V1 1
r2 r2
PART - II
SECTION (A)
A-1.
kq1q2
F (r ) ; (By definition)
r3
1 q1q2 [(0 – 2)iˆ  {0 – (–1)} ˆj  (0 – 3)k]
ˆ
 F
40  2 
3
 (0 – 2)  {0 – (–1)}  (0 – 3) 
2 2
q q (–2iˆ  ˆj – 3k)
ˆ q q (–2iˆ  ˆj – 3k)
ˆ
= 1 2 . = 1 2
40 ( 4  1  9 ) 3
56 140
A-2.
Charges are placed as shown on line AC.

For net force on q to be zero, Q must be of –ve sign. If F1 is force on q due to 4q & F2 due to Q
Then, F1 = F 2 (magnitudewise)
k4q  q kQq
or 2
= 2
 
2
 
 4q = 4Q
or Q=q (in magnitude)
 Q = –q (with sign)
40 – 20
A-3. Final charge on both spheres = C = 10C (each) [Distibution by conducting]
2
Fi (q1q2 ) i 800
   =8:1
Ff (q1q2 )f 100
ADVES - 26
Electrostatics
kq1q2
A-4. Initially, F = ....(1)
r2
kq1q2
Finally, 4F = ....(2) 
16R 2
4kq1q2 4kq1q2 r
   or R=
r2 16R2 8
SECTION (B)
B-1. Time period of simple pendulum is given as
m2 g2  q2E2
2
 qE 
T = 2 ; where = geff = = g 
geff m  m 
 T = 2
2
 qE 
g2   
 m 
B-2.
The electric field due to a point charge ‘q’ at distance ‘r’ from it is given as :
kq
E = 2 ; more is q, more is r for E to have same magnitude
r
 By this mathematical analogy, electric field cannot be zero in the region iii
In region ii, electric field due to both charges is added & net electric field is towards left
Along  bisector line IV electric field due to both charges will be added vectorially & can't be
zero
 E.F (net) can be zero in region I only (by mathematical analogy explained)
kqx
B-3. At point P on axis, E =
(R2  x 2 )3 / 2
2 2
R +x
+E
x P
dE R
For max E, =0  or x= 
dx 2
2kq
  Putting x in (i) Emax =
3 3R2
qE
B-4. Force on charge q in electric field E F = qE  a = 
m
1 2 1  qE  2
  Distance travelled  x= at =  t
2 2  m 
1  qE  2 E2 q2 t 2
Also, kinetic energy K.E = Work done by electric field E is W E = qE. t 
2  m  2m
ADVES - 27
Electrostatics
B-5. By M.E. conservation between initial & final point :
Ui + Ki = Uf + Kf
B-6. Given diagram shows :

The direction of Enet is along OC.
mg – qE
B-7. T = 2 ; where, geff =
geff m
qE
=g–  Time period increases.
m
B-8.
 q
E= , F=
20 20
q  q  qd
a= ; v2 = u2 + 2as ; 02 = v2 – 2  d  or v=
20m  20m  0m
B-9. W = Fr cos    4 = (0.2) E (2) cos 60º  E = 20 N/C.
SECTION (C)
C-1.  V = Er,  r = V/E = 6m.
kQ
C-2 Apply the formula V =
r
C-3.
Let the two charges at A & B are separated by distance 2r.

Let us consider a general point ‘M’ at distance
‘x’ from point ‘A’ in figure.
kQ kQ
 Vm = Potential at M = +
x (2r – x)
1 1   (2r) 
 Vm =    kQ = kQ  
 x (2r – x)   x(2r – x) 
For Vm to be max. or min :
ADVES - 28
Electrostatics
dVm
=0
dx
d  2r 
or kQ 0
dx  x(2r – x) 
x(2r – x)(0) – kQ (2r)[2r – 2x]
 =0
[x(2r – x)]2
 x=r
d2 Vm
& At x = r, 0  x = r is min.
dx 2
Hence potential continuously decreases from A to P and then increases
kQ 9  109  1.5 10 –9

C-4.  VC =   VC = = 27 V.
r (0.5)
E 3000
C-5.  E= E= = 1000 N/C.
q 3
1000  1
& V = Ed = = 10V.
100
F 2000
C-6.  E=  E= = 400 N/C
q 5
2
Potential difference, V = E. d = 400 × = 8V.
100
C-8. Since B and C are at same potential (lying on a line  to electric field i.e. equipotential surface)
 VAB = VAC = Eb.
C-9. Property of equipotential surface
C-10. K.E. = VQ and momentum = 2m(KE)  2mVQ
kq
C-11. Potential at 5cm.  5cm = V =
(10cm)
( point lying inside the sphere)
kq 2
Pontential at 15 cm V   V.
15cm 3
kq kq 2kq
C-12.  V= – V=
r 3r 3r
kq V
 Field intensity at distance 3r from centre = 2
=
9r 6r
C-13. The whole volume of a uniformly charged spherical shell is equipotential.
C-14. Potential at origin will be given by

q 1 1 1 1  q 1  1 1 1  q
V =     x0  ......  = . 1– 2  3  4  ...... = 4  x In(2)
4 0  x0 2x 0 3x 0 4  4 0 x 0   0 0
ADVES - 29
Electrostatics
SECTION (D)
D-1. PE = q (Vfinal – Vinitial)
PE = qV PE decreases if q is +ve increases if q is –ve.
D-2. By conservation of machenical energy

1 k q1q2 k q1q2 1 1 1 
mv 2  – (2  10–3 ) v 2 = 9 × 109 × 10–6 × 10–3  – 
2 r1 r2 2  1 10 
9
or v2 = 9 × 103 × or v = 90 m/sec
10
SECTION (E)
E-1.

(i) E.P.E. of charge +q at point A can be given as :
–2kq2 –2kq2 kq2
EA = + – & E.P.E. of system 
a 3a 2a
EA  EB  EC  ED  EE  EF
  ES = where EA = EB = EC = ED = EE = EF
2
 ES = 3 EA
 kq2   kq2   kq2  q2  3 15 
 ES = 6  –  +6  + 3–  =  – 
 a  a 3   2a    a  2 8 
2 Kq2 2xkq2 xkq2

E-2. P.E. of system =   =0 where a is distance between charges.
a a a
2
or 2 + 3x = 0  x=–
3
SECTION (F)
V 8000
F-1. E = Field near sphere =  = 8 × 105 V/m .
R 1 10–2
1 40 2 8  8  1010 80
 Energy density =  0E 2  E =  = 2.83 J/m3.
2 8 8  9  10 9
9
F-2. Let q is charge and a is radius of single drop. 

2
3kq
  Usingle drop =
5a
Now, charge on big drop = nq. & let Radius of big drop is R. 
  By conservation of volume
4 3 4
 R  n. a3  R = an1/3.
3 3
5
3 k(qn)2 3 k.q2n2
 P.E. of big drop =   Un 3
5 R 5 an1/ 3
ADVES - 30
Electrostatics
SECTION (G)
dV
G-1. (i) E = – = –(slope of curve)
dr
5
 At r = 5 cm slope = – V/cm.
2
= – 2.5 V/cm
 E(at sin) = 2.5 V/cm
dV
G-2. At origin, E=– = – 2.5 V/cm = – 250 V/m
dr
 F = force on 2C = q E = 2 × (– 250) N = – 500 N.
dV
G-3. E=– = – 10 x – 10
dx
 E(x =1m) = – 10 (1) – 10 = – 20 V/m
G-4. V = – Ex  Vx – 0 = – E0x. or Vx = – E0x.

v r
r2
G-6. Er   dV  rdr  V (–
0 0 2
)  V  r2
0
G-7. – 

Ed will be equal to potential at  = 0 i.e. (at centre) and potential at the centre of the ring is
Kqtotal (9  109 )  (1.11 1010 )

Vcentre = = = +2 Volt. (Approx)
R (0.5)
SECTION (H)
H-1. Since P & Q are axial & equatorial points, so electric fields are parallel to axis at both points.
H-2.

In shown diagram, E = Net electric field vector due to dipole. (by derivation) & tan  = 1/2 tan

 angle made by E with x-axis is ( + )
H-3. max = pE sin 90º = 10–6 × 2 × 10–2 × 1 × 105 N – m = 2 × 10–3 N-m
H-4. max PE  position of unstable equilibrium  =.
H-5. max  PE = 4 × 10–8 × 2 × 10–4 × 4 × 108

= 32 × 10–4 N-m.
Work done W = (P.E.)f – (P.E.)i = PE – (–PE)
= 2PE = 64 × 10–4 N-m
ADVES - 31
Electrostatics
H-6.
2kp kp
At a point 'P' on axis of dipole electric field E = 3
and electric potential V = 2
r r
both nonzero and electric field along dipole on the axis.
H-7. Force on one dipole due to another

 dE 
=P   where E is field due to second dipole at first dipole.
 dr 
1 dE 1 1
E     Force 
r3 dr r 4 r4
H-8. Given system is equivalent to :
2kp
 Ans :
R3
SECTION ()
-1.
flux through differential element d = E0 x a dx.

 Net flux
a
E0 a3
  = E0 a  x.dx =
0 2
-3. Density of electric field lines at a point i.e. no. of lines per unit area shows magnitude of electric field at
that point.
qin
-5. Net flux =2 – 1 = qin = 0 (2 – 1)
0
-6. Since, dipole has net charge zero, so flux through sphere is zero with non-zero electric field at each
point of sphere.
ADVES - 32
Electrostatics
-7.
From stage 1 to stage 2  enclosed charge is increasing means flux is increasing

From stage 2 to stage 3  enclosed charge is constant means flux is constant
From stage 3 to stage 4  enclosed charge is decreasing means flux is decreasing
-8. Since same no of field lines are passing through both spherical surfaces, so flux has same value for
both.
-9. Each charge has its 1/8th part of electric field lines inside cube since there are 8 charges.
q
 Net enclosed charge =  8  q
8
q q
 Net flux = in  .
0 0
1 q q
 Fflux through one surface =  
6 0 60
-10.
Using Gauss's law for Gaussian surface shown in figure.

  qin
 E . dA   
0
; E. 2r =  E=
0 20r
For circular motion.
mV 2 q q
qE =   V=
r 20r 20m
-11. For the closed surface made by disc and hemisphere

qin = 0     net = 0 
  disc + H.S = 0
 HS = – disc = –  
-12. By definition
-13. Electric lines of force never form a closed loop. Therefore, options (A), (C) and (D) are wrong.
-14. Consider a Gaussian surface
q
 = (800 – 400)A = in
0
qin = 4000A
ADVES - 33
Electrostatics
SECTION (J) :
J-1. Electric field lines never enter a metallic conducter ( E = 0 inside a conductor) & they fall normally on
the surface of a metallic conductor (Because whole surface is at same potential so lines are
perpendicular to equipotenial surface).
J-2.
+ vely charged
B –– + ++
metal –
– + A
plate – +
–
– +
– +
–– ++
The given diagram shows induction on sphere (metallic) due to metal plate.
Since distance between plate and –ve charge is less than that between plate and +ve charge. electric
force acts on object towards plate.

J-3. Induction takes place on outer surface of sphere producing non-uniform charge distribution & since
external electric field can not enter the sphere, so interior remains charge free.
J-4.
by induction
i zsj. k } kj k
+4Q
+2 4Q
by conservation of charge
–
–2 Q
Q
v kos'k d sl aj{k. k l s
Q
–3
Given diagram shows the charge distribution on shells due to induction & conservation of charge.
J-5.
plastic plate
Q Copper (metallic) plate
q/2
q/2
q
EP = = 50 V/m
P P
q/ 2 q/ 2 q
EP =    50V / m
2A0 2A0 2A0
J-6. Due to outer charge, since there is no charge induced inside the sphere, so no electric field is present
inside the sphere.
J-7. Since field lines are always perpendicular to conductor surface field lines can't enter into conductor so
only option C is correct.
ADVES - 34
Electrostatics
J-8. Since A, B and C are at same potantial electric field inside C must be zero. For this final charge on A
and B must be zero and final charge on C = Q + q1 + q2. (By conservation of charge)
 All charge comes out to the surface of C.
J-9. Car (A conductor) behaves as electric field shield in which a person remains free from shock.
J-10. Potential of B = Potintial at the centre of B

= Potential due to induced charges + potential due to A.
= 0 + (+ ve)  Potential of B is +ve.
J-11. Since electric field produced by charge is conservative, so work done in closed zero path is zero.
J-12.
–
+ –
+ –
– .P
+ +ve
+ –
–
+ –
–
closed suface
cUn l r g
enclosed charge = +ve  flux through closed suface = +ve.
J-13. Since distance between q and A is less then distance between q and B.
 A > B. & EA > EB.
but, VA = VB because surface of conductor is equipotential.
PART - III
1. In situation A, B and C, shells  and  are not at same potential. Hence charge shall flow from sphere 
to sphere  till both acquire same potential.
If charge flows, the potential energy of system decreases and heat is produced.
In situations A and B charges shall divide in some fixed ratio, but in situation C complete charge shall
be transferred to shell II for potential of shell and  to be same.
 (A)  p, q , (B)  p, q , (C)  p, q, s
In situation D, both the shells are at same potential, hence no charge flows through connecting wire.
 (D)  r, s
3 P
2. The resultant dipole moment has magnitude ( 3 P)2  P2 = 2P at an angle  = tan-1 = 60°
P
with positive x direction.
Diameter AB is along net dipole moment and diameter CD is normal to net dipole moment.
ADVES - 35
Electrostatics
R 3 R
 Potential at A  ,  is maximum
2 2 

 3 R R  3 R R
Potential is zero at C  ,   and D   , 
 2 2  2 2 
 
1 4p R 3 R  R 3 R
Magnitude of electric field is at A  ,  and B   ,  
40 R3 2 2   2 2 
1 2p  3 R R  3 R R
Magnitude of electric field is at C  ,   and D   , 
40 R3  2 2   2 2 
EXERCISE-2
PART - I
1.
Let the two charges are q & (20 – q)C

K(q)(20  q)
 Fe =
r2
dFe
Fe will be max, when =0
dq
dFe K
or = 2 (20 – 2q) = 0
dq r
 q = 10 C.
2.
10
The given figure shows force diagram for charge at O due to all other charges with r = cm
3
 Fnet = 2F + 4F cos 60º = 4F
4k(2c)(2 c) 4  9 109  2 2 10–12
=  = 36 × 4 × 300 × 10–3 N = 43.2 N. (Towards E)
 10 
2
 1 
   300 
 3100   
3. Attraction is possible between a charged and a neutral object.
4. There is no point near electric dipole having E = 0.
ADVES - 36
Electrostatics
5.

2
x
kq2

 T sin
x2 2
 mgx 3
mg = Tcos q2 
2 2k
1 1
1 
kq2   mg  2 2
3
 mg  6 
1
2
 tan q  x q 3
  x 2
mgx 2  2k   2k 
2kq2 x 2k q2
2
  x3 
mgx mg
2
(const)(c)2 1/ 3
2v  q  x  (const)q3
3

1
dx 2 1
2v = 2v  (const)x 2
  (const) q 3
dt 3
6. a & b can't be both +ve or both – ve otherwise field would have been zero at their mid point.
b can't be positive even, otherwise the field would have been in –ve direction to the right of mid point
answer is (A)
7. Lets take a small spherical element of thickness dr.

Electric field at point P due to this element:
K dq
dE =
x2
 Total electric field :
K dq
E=  2
x
K (density) (volume of the element)
E= 
x2
r x
K(0r ) (4r dr)
2 2
E= 
r  x2
K 0  x 5 
  = (x )  (E  x )
3 3
E=
x2  5 
ADVES - 37
Electrostatics
8. B & C are equipotential and field is conservative, therefore :
 q
a
 W CA = W BA . = –  2 r q dr. =
2a 0 20
n 2.
9. Comparison can be shown as :

V  2V
 k  4k
 PEmax  4PEmax
 r  r/4
10. Potential energy = – p1  E ; where, E = Electric field due to dipole p2.

 U12 = – (p1) (E2)
 2Kp2 cos  
U12 = – (p1)  
 r3 
q
11. Total flux through closed cubical vessel = .
0
1 q 
& Flux through one face =  
6  0 
 q 
So, total flux passing through given cubical vessel is = 5   ; (as vessel has 5 faces)
 6 0 

12. E= due to non-conducting sheet.
20
' 
E' = due to conducting sheet, but ' =
0 2
 Result is same i.e. E' = E
13. Electric field at given location is only due to inner solid metalic sphere.
14. Inside the given sphere, there will not be any effect of external electric field. So net electric field will only
be due to point charge 'q' at centre.
 Graph is (A)
15. In the above question, if Q' is removed then which option is correct:
On removing Q', no effect is there in previous situation as Q ' does not affect the electric field at inside
point.
16. In a conductor, potential is same everywhere
 Potential at A = potential at centre = Vdue to p + Vdue to induced charges
kp kp cos2 
= +0 =
(r sec )2 r2
17. By definition
18. Distribution of charge in the volume of sphere depends on uniformity of material of sphere.
19. Since, no external electric field can enter into a conductor so force experienced by Q = 0
ADVES - 38
Electrostatics
20.
R
A
R
2
Let surface charge density on inner shell is 1

1   2 1
Due to inner sphere, field at A =  1  1 , and electrostatic pressure at point A. = 
4 0 40 20 40
 2 1 
Net force one hemisphere =    R2  0
 20 40 

 2  1  0 , or 1 = – 2
2
1 q
21. v
40 r
4  2 a3
n  r 3   a3  n
3  3 2r 
1 n.q a3 1
v1  = vr 3
4 0 a 2r a
 a2 
v1   2  v
 2r 
PART - II
1. As the charge on one of the balls is removed so electrostatic force between the balls is zero.
The balls will first go down and due to contact with each other, charge on one ball is equally distributed
on both balls and then the balls get separated due to electrostatic repulsion.
At equilibrium :
kq2
Here F = Force (electrostatic) between two balls =
a2
By force balance, T sin = F and T cos = mg
a
 mg tan = F .........(1) [for small angle tan  sin = ]
2L
kq2 mga3
 mg tan  = or kq2 =
a2 2L
q
Now the balls are discharged and charge on each ball = . & the distance between two ball = b.
2
kq2 b kq2
By equation (1), mg tan = F1 = & mg = 2
4b2 2L 4b
3
a 4b3 a
By putting value of kq2 , =  b = 1
2L 2L (4) 3
ADVES - 39
Electrostatics
2.
Fe Fe / k  2.4
tan = =  k= = = 1.5
V g V(   )g  2.4  0.8
 2.4
k= = = 1.5 so 4k = 6
 2.4  0.8
3.
Force on m1 and m2 due to electric field = Q1E and Q2E downward Let acceleration of both masses is
‘a’ as shown in figure:
 By F.B.D of m2 : m2g + Q2E – T = m2a ....(1)
By F.B.D of m1 : T – m1g – Q1E = m1a ....(2)

(m2  m1 )g  (Q2  Q1 )E
By both equations : a=
m1  m2
and by putting m1 = 2m, m2 = 3m and Q1 = Q2 we get a = 2m/sec2
4.
Figure shows two like charged infinitely long wires with  = 3 × 10–6 cm
ADVES - 40
Electrostatics
2k
Now, electric field due to wire 1 on long wire 2 = î
r
2k
Now, force on unit length of wire (2) = Charge on unit length ×
r
2k 2k 2 2  9  109  9  10–12
=× = = = 8.1 N/m
r r 2  10–2
2k 2
Now work done to bring them dr cm closer  dW = dr
r
2k 2
1
 –  dW = –  dr = 2k2 In2 = 0.1129 J/m
2
r
11.29
= J/m
100
 x = 11
5. Let a rod of length  and charge q and a point A are as shown in figure (at distance = b). Charge per
q
unit length = . Let a small component dy along the rod at distance y from centre of rod is considered.
q
Charge on the element dy = dy
q 
K  dy 
 Electric field at point A due to this charge  dE = 2 
y  b2
Kqdy b
Now, x component of dE = dE cos  = .
y 2
b 2
 y  b2
2
Kqdy y
and y component of dE = – dE sin  = – .
y 2
b 2
 y  b2 2
 
2  
Kqdy.b Kqb  1 
Now, electric field due to total length of rod =  dE x =  3
= 2
b  
(y 2  b2 ) 2 2
–
2  b 
2
 4 
2
2Kq q Kqydy
=
 4b
=
2ob  4b
(along x axis) and  dEy = –  3
=0
(y 2  b2 )
2 2 2 2
b –
2
2
q
So, net electric field is along x–axis and is equal to
2ob 2
 4b2
ADVES - 41
Electrostatics
2k
6. Electric field due to infinitely long charged wire at distance r from it =
r
Now, we take small element dr on wire (2) which is having distance r from wire (1)
2k1
Now, force on this element = (2 dr).
r
2k1 2 dr
or dF =
r
ro 
2k1 2 r   1  2
Total force =  dF =  ro
r
dr = 2k12 n  o
 o 
r
 =
4  0
n(4) (since  = r0)
a  Here a  along line joining 


7. Electric field inside the cavity =  
30 centers of sphere and cavity 
 
a
Force on the e– inside cavity = (e)
3 0
ae
Cavity ——  acceleration of electron ae=
3om.
Now for distance
d = r r =
2 2
Cavity ——  2r
by S = ut + 1/2 at2 , 2r = 1 × ae t2

2 3m0
1/ 2
 6 2 mr0 
t=  
 ea
 
 
8. P.D.=  E.dr and E between spheres does not depend on charge on outer sphere.
ADVES - 42
Electrostatics
9.
Applying Gauss's law on Gaussian surface shown in figure :

r
 4x dx
2
4(r 3  a3 ) (r 3  a3 )
E 4r2 = a
=  E=
0 3 0 3 0 r 2
Now using  dV   E.dr 
(r 3  a3 )dr   a3
B b b b
  VA – VB =  E.dr =  =  3 rdr –  3 dr
A a 3 0 r 2 a  a  r
2
 b – a  2
a  1 1 
2 3
=   – –
3   2  3   a b 
  b2 – a2 a3 
=  – a2  
3   2 b
  2 2a3 
b – a – 2a 
2 2
= 
6   b 
  2 2a3 
= b – 3a 2
 
6 0  b 
Put b = 2a
a 2
VA – VB =
3 0
ALTERNATIVE:
kQ k 4
VB = =  (b3 – a3)
b b 3
VA can be found by taking a shell of radius r and calculate potential at ‘A’ due to that shell and
integrating
b
k4r 2 dr K4 2
VA =  = (b  a2 )
r  a
r 2
4k  2 2a3 
 VB – VA = 2b   3b2  3a2 
6  b 
  2 2a3 
VB – VA = 3a  b 
2

6 0  b 
  2a3 
VA – VB =  –3a  b 
2 2
 Ans....
6 0  b 
Put b = 2a
a 2
VA – VB =
3 0
ADVES - 43
Electrostatics
10.
V1 V1
r m, Q
m, Q
The particle is projected from infinity towards other particle. As the 2nd particle gets closer to
1st particle, force of repulsion is acting on both of them, which decreases one’s speed and increases
other's speed. At minimum separation, both particles have same velocity (v 1). Let closest distance of
approach = r .;
So, by energy conservation:
1 1 1 kq2 kq2 1
O+ mv2 = mv12 + mv12 +  = mv2 – mv12 .......(1)
2 2 2 r r 2
v
Also, by momentum conservation : mv = mv1 + mv1  v1 =
2
kq2 1 1 1 4 kq2 q2
So by eq (1) = mv2 – mv2 = mv 2  r= =
r 2 4 4 mv 2
 o mv 2
11.
Required centripetal force is acquired from electric force between two charges in situation (1)
mv12 kqqo kqqo
or =  mv12 =
r r2 r
mv 22 kqqo kqqo
In situation (2), = 2
 mv22 =
2r (2r) 2r
If additional energy E is added to situation (1) to change it to situation (2) then by energy conservation:
1 kqqo 1 kqqo
mv12 – +E= mv22 –
2 r 2 2r
1 kqqo kqqo –kqqo kqqo kqqo qqo
or E= m (v22 – v12) + –  E= + = =
2 r 2r 4r 2r 4r 16 o r
12. The path of the particle will be as shown in the figure. At the point of minimum distance (D) the velocity
of the particle will be  to its position vector w.r.t. +Q.
Now by conservation of energy :
v D
u
rmin
d
+Q
ADVES - 44
Electrostatics
1 1 KQq
mu2 + 0 = mv2 + ......(1)
2 2 rmin
 Torque on q about Q is zero, hence angular momentum about Q will be conserved
 m v rmin = m ud ......(2)
2
1 1  ud  KQq
 By putting (2) in (1)  mu2 = m   +
2 2  min 
r rmin
1  d2  mu2 d
 mu2  1  2  = { KQq = mu2d (given) }
2  rmin  rmin
2d  4d2  4d2
 r2min – 2rmin d – d2 = 0  rmin = = d (1 ± 2)
2
Distance cannot be negative
 rmin = d(1 + 2 ) = 1 m Ans.
13. When 1st ball is released, its potential energy due to the rest of the system will be converted into kinetic
energy :
i  2019
 K.E.1 =  (P. E.) ,
i 2
1 i
[Here (P.E.)1,i = Potential energy between 1st ball and ith ball]
i  2019
K.E1 = (P.E)1, 2 +  (P. E.) ,
i3
1i ............(1)
Now, when 2nd ball is released, it also takes its self potential energy from system :
i  2019
So, kinetic energy of 2nd ball : K.E.2 =  (P. E.)
i3
2,i
i 2019 i  2019
Now (K. E )1 – (K. E)2 = (P. E)1, 2 + 
i 3
(P. E)1,i –  (P. E) ,
i3
1i
(K. E)1 – (K. E)2 = (P. E)1, 2

Given: (K. E)1 – (K. E)2 = K and (P. E)1, 2
2 2
q q
= ; K= q= 4 o K a
4 o a 4 o a
14. Given, V = 3x + 4y
  v v ˆ v ˆ  
So, E = –  î  j k or E = – (3 î + 4 ĵ )
 x y z 

So, force on particle = q E = – (3 î + 4 ĵ ) × 1 N
(3iˆ  4ˆj)
and acceleration of particle = m/s2
10
Now, ax = – 0.3 m/s2 and ay = – 0.4 m/s2
1 2
At x - axis y=0 So by (s = ut + at ) in y direction :
2
1 4
– 3.2 = – × × t2  t = 4 sec.
2 10
3 4
Now, velocity at 4 sec. v x = × 4 = – 1.2 m/sec  vy = × 4 = – 1.6 m/sec
10 10
So, velocity vector = – 1.2 î – 1.6 ĵ
ADVES - 45
Electrostatics

15. Given E  E0 x î So flux =
 E xi.d
ˆ s
o
Now total flux = sum of flux through each face

          
 Total flux = 
ABCD
E. d s +
EFGH
 E. d s + 
ABGH
E. d s + 
CDEF
E. d s + 
ADEH
E. d s + 
BCFG
E. d s
   
first four terms are = 0, because angle between E and d s is 90o so E . d s = 0

   
Total flux = 
ADEH
E. d s +
BCFG
 E. d s

For ADEH: E = E0 î = E0 î (0) = 0 [ x = 0]

for BCFG: E = E0x î = E0a î
So, total flux = 0 +  E a î . ds î
o
= E0a  ds = AE0a = E0a3 
 8.85  10–12  4  10 3  8  10 –6 
   qin = 0 E0a3 =  –11
 = 1.416 × 10 C
 2  10–2 
qin
16. Net flux through the cube, net =
0
To find qin, let's divide the cube into small elements, and consider a small element of width dx as
shown.
Charge on the small element = () (A.dx)
Total charge =  Adx

ADVES - 46
Electrostatics

= A dx
= (A) (Area of –x graph)
 1 1 
= (1)2   1    0   12
2 2 
3
= 0 × 12.
4
q 90
 Net flux net = in = = 9 V.m (as 0 = 8.85 × 10–12)
0 0
17.
Let a wire and ring are placed as shown in figure. Due to semi-infinite wire, electric field at one of its
end at distance r is as shown
k k
So, the Electric field = î + ĵ
r r
Now we take a ring element of radius r and thickness dr.
Let ds = Area vector of this ring element     ds = 2rdr î
Now electric flux due to this element :

k ˆ  k ˆ  k R
R
=  r i ds +  r j ds = 
o
r
. 2r dr  0 = 2  k . R =
2 o
ADVES - 47
Electrostatics
 
18. Given E = 2r r̂ So, at radius a  Ea = 2a r̂
a Ea
qin   q
=  Ea .d s = in = Ea  ds
o o
qin
= Ea. 4a2 = 2a3.4  qin = 4 o 2a3
o
r R
4k a3
 dV   (Kr ) (4r 2dr) 
a
19. Total charge Q = (R )
a3
r 0
r R / 2 a3
4k  R 
 d V  (Kr ) (4r dr) 
a 2
and Q´ =
r 0
a  3  2 
According to question
1 Q´ 1 1 Q 
=  
40 (R / 2) 2
8  40 R2 
(2)a + 3 = 32
Putting the value of Q and Q´ get
a=2 Ans. 2
20. (A) Surface charge density = 
2R
R
Q1 = 4R2 Q2 = 4(2R )
2
 Q  Q2 
Charge on bigger sphere Q2´ =  1  . C2
 C1  C2 
 4R2   4(2R)2   40R2 
Q2´=   × 4 0 × 2R =
 4 0 R  4 0 2R  3
40R2  5
Surface charge density on bigger sphere ´ = = .
3  16R 2
6
Put  = 12 C/m2
Ans. 10
ADVES - 48
Electrostatics
21.
P
F
I A
R 2 – h2
h
II o
R
Q
R
Sphere is cut along the plane shown by dotted part.

P = Electrostatic pressure exerted on each point of sphere due to charge sphere due to charge on it
 force required to hold both pieces together F  P × A (Where A = Area of shaded portion)
2 2
 F= ×A [Where = P = (electrosatic pressure on sphere)
2 0 2 0
 Q   1 
  
2
 2
=  2     R2 – h2
 4R   2 0  
Q2 1 Q2 (R2 – h2 )
= × ×  (R2 – h2|) F=
162R 4 2 0 32 0 R4
Put h = R/2
3kQ2
F= Ans.
32R2
PART - III
1. (A) Charging by conduction has charge distribution depending on size of bodies.
(B) Charge is invariant with velocity.
(C) Charge requires mass for existence
(D) Repulsion shows charge of both bodies because attraction can be there between charged and
uncharged body.
2.
(i) From diagram, force on Q at general position x, is given by

kQqx
Fnet = – 2F cos  = – (Towards origin)
(a  x 2 )3 / 2
2
(ii) When charge moves from (2a, 0) to origin O, force keeps on acting on Q and becomes zero at O.
 Velocity of Q is max. at O.
 Velocity of Q is max. at O.
(iii) Motion is SHM for very small displacements. & 2a is not very small os motion is periodic but not
SHM.
ADVES - 49
Electrostatics
3.
(initially)  mg = f air
(ii) (finelly)  QE = mg + f air = 2mg

 charge is –ve, so electric field 'E' is directed downwards.
& QE = 2 mg
& QE = 2 mg
2mg 2  1.6  10–18  10 1
 E=    102 NC–1
Q 9.6  10–19 3
kQr
4. (i) At any point P inside the sphere, electric field  EP = .
R3
 EP increases as r increases.
kQ
(ii) At any point M outside the sphere, EM =
r2
 EM decreases as r increases.
5. As velocity along y-axis remains unchanged, so there should not be any electric field along y axis.
As velocity along x axis is increasing, so force on the electron must be along +x direction, so electric
field must be towards –x direction.
So force on the electron is :
F = qE = eE
eE
acceleration, a = towards +x direction
m
From A  B
Sy = uy t
d
or d = vt   tA  B =
V
From : A  B
ADVES - 50
Electrostatics
1 2
Sx = ux t + axt
2
2
1  eE   d 
or a=0+
2  m   V 
2amV 2
 E= toward-x direction ....(1)
ed2
(A) Velocity along x axis at B :
From A  B
Vx = ux + axt
 eE   d  eEd
or Vx = 0 +       Vx =
 m  V mV
2amv 2 2aV
where, E =    Vx 
ed2 d
(D) Net velocity vector at B
V  V î  V ˆj
B x y
2aV ˆ
VB  i  V ˆj
d
(B) Rate of work done at B = Power = F  VB
   2aV ˆ
= eE î . 
 d

i  Vjˆ 

 2aV  2amV2
= eE   ; where, E =
 d  ed2
4ma2 V 3
  P=
d3
(C) Rate of work done at A :
PA = F  VA
  
= eEiˆ  Vjˆ = 0
6. By definition of electric field

7. At point (2cm, 0), field is along x-axis. It is possible only when the particle is situated on
x-axis. Its position is located by extending electric field direction from point (3cm, 3cm). The point at
which this extension intersects x-axis, is the location of the charge. That is (–1cm, 0)
E
y-axis 37°
(3,3)
3cm
37°
(–1, 0) x-axis
1cm 3cm
For point (2cm, 0), r = 3 cm, E = 100 N/C

kQ
Using, E = 2  Q = 10 x 10–12 C
r
kQ
Potential at origin =
r
where, r = 1cm, Q = 10 x 10–12 C
 V = 9V
ADVES - 51
Electrostatics
kQ kQ
8. = 100V & = 75 V
(r  5cm) (r  10cm)
5
 Q=  10 –9 C , r = 10 cm
3
kQ kQ
 Vsurface = = 150V Esurface = 2 = 1500 V/m
r r
3 3
Vcentre = Vsurface = × 150 = 225 V
2 2
160
10. from given data Ex = V/cm = 40 V/cm
4
but E = E2x  E2y  E2z  E may be equal or greater than 40 V/cm ie.
As shown, there can be electric fields  to x axis, which will not affect the electric potential difference
but can increase net field.
11.
In all orientations, dipole experiences force, but does not experience torque if dipole has its dipole
moment along or opposite to ELOF.
Dipole can never be in stable equilibrium & work done in moving dipole along an EPS of point charge Q
will be zero.
12. We know that electric field and potential due to dipole is
2kpcos  kpsin  kpcos 

Er = 3
& E = & VP =
r r3 r2
Now four dipoles are shown in figure.
 2kp 
Let  3  E  & given,  = 45º
 r 
ADVES - 52
Electrostatics
a 2 k p cos 45o 4 kp k p sin 45 o 2 kp

and r = ; Er = = = 2E ; E = = =E
   
3 3
2 a a3 a a3
2 2
 Electric field due to 1st dipole
Electric field due to 2nd dipole
Electric field due to 3rd dipole
Electric field to 4th dipole
2E
So, Net electric field at point O is : 45

o
45o
2E
2 2.2kp 2p
So, resultant = 2 2E = =
a 3
 o a3
k p cos 45o 2p
& Potential at point O = 4 × ;V=
 a 
2
 o a2
 
 2
ADVES - 53
Electrostatics
13. If charge is at A or D, its all field lines cut the given surface twice which means that net flux due to this
charge remains zero and flux through given surface remains unchanged.
14. Case (i) x < R
Let a Gaussian surface is a cylinder of radius r and length equal to given cylinder
r
E
L
   
q
 E and ds are parallel to each other, so : in =  E.ds =  E ds
o
( r 2 )L r
  = E  ds = E. 2r L E=
o 2 o
q in  
(ii) x  R : Again by
o
=  E. d s = E  ds
( R2 )L R2
 = E (2 r)L  E =
o 2 o x
15. Since, no. of electrons entering = no of electrons leaving.

 Net enclosed charge is constant
 Flux is constant
16.
B
q
+
+ +
A
+ Q
+
–Q
(i) Due to earthing
Let total charge on B is q.
kq kQ
VB = 0   0 or q = –Q.
b b
(ii)  All charge q = – Q
appears on inner surface of B due to induction
 Charge on outer surface of B = 0
 Field between A and B due to B = 0
  Field between A and B due to A 0
Net field between A and B 0. 
ADVES - 54
Electrostatics
17. (i) Figure after induction is :
(ii) Field due to M is uniform  Force between M and A = 0.

Also, force between M and B = 0
& A and B attract each other due to induction.
18.
Due to induction, –q charge will induce at the inner surfac, and +q charge will appear on the outer
surface. Due to the inner charges, there is no effect at outer points.
Internal disturbance is balance by internal charge and no effect found outside
PART - IV
1. For 30 C charge, angle  (5°, 9°)  7°
2. In (iii) most of the positive charge with run away to the metal knob. So due to less charge on the leaves,
the leaves will come closer than before.
3.
O
/2 /2
kq2 A
B
mg
2 sin
Applying torque balance about hinge point O.

kq2    
2
( cos ) = mg   sin
  2 2 2
 2 sin 2 
 
   4kq2
for small , sin  , cos 1  =
2 2 2 mg 2
4. Electric field at r = R
ADVES - 55
Electrostatics
KQ
E= where Q = Total charge within the nucleus = Ze
R2
KZe
So E =
R2
So electric field is independent of a
  4r dr
2
5. Q= r
d 
for a = 0  r
R R r
R
d d
 r 
R
(R  r) or, Q= 
0
R
(R – r) 4 r2 dr
4d   4d  R4 R4  dR3

R R
R  0 0
= R r 2
dr  r 3
dr  =    =
 R  3 4  3
dR3 3Ze
 Q = Ze = or d=
3 R3
6. From the formula of uniformly (volume) charged solid sphere

r
E=
3 0
For E  r,  should be constant throughout the volume of nucleus

This will be possible only when a = R.
Q
7.  =
0
 = 2 × 105 × 8.85 × 10–12 C = 1.77 C
(1.77  106  QA )
8. = – 4 × 105  QA = – 5.31 × 10–6 C
0
9. For all values of r, flux  is non-zero i.e. no Gaussian sphere of radius r is possible in which net
enclosed charge is zero.
10. The inner sphere is grounded, hence its potential is zero. The net charge on isolated outer sphere is
zero. Let the charge on inner sphere be q’.
1 q' 1 q
 Potential at centre of inner sphere is = 0 + 0
4o a 4o 4a
q
 q’ = 
4
ADVES - 56
Electrostatics
11. The region in between conducting sphere and shell is shielded from charges on and outside the outer
surface of shell. Hence, charge distribution on surface of sphere and inner surface of shell is uniform.
The distribution of induced charge on outer surface of shell depends only on point charge q, hence is
nonuniform. The charge distribution on all surfaces, is as shown.
q
+ 4 (uniform)
A B C
x q
q
– 4 (uniform)
q
– 4 (non uniform)
1 q
12. The electric field at B is = . 2 towards left.
4o 4x
a
1 q 1 q
 VC = VC – VA =   dx = .
2a
4o 4x 2
32o a
EXERCISE-3
PART - I
1.
Q1
Q2
From the diagram, it can be observed that Q1 is positive and Q2 is negative.

No. of lines on Q1 is greater and number of lines is directly proportional to magnitude of charge.
So, |Q1| > |Q2|
Electric field will be zero to the right of Q2 as it has small magnitude & opposite sign to that of Q1.
2.
Electrostatics repulsive force ;

 2 
 R ;
2
Fele = 

 0
2
2 R2
F = Fele =
20
ADVES - 57
Electrostatics
3. In equilibrium,
mg = qE
In absence of electric field,
mg = 6rv
 qE = 6qrv
4 qE
m = r3d. =
3 g
3
4  qE  qE
   d =
3  6v  g
After substituting value we get,
q = 8 × 10–19 C Ans.
4.
E0
flux = (E0 cos 45°) × area) =  a  2a = E0a2
2
5.
QA + QB = 2Q ...(i)
KQA KQB
 ...(ii)
RA RB
R 
(i) and (ii)  QA = QB  A 
 RB 
 R  2Q 2QRB
& QB  1  A  = 2Q  QB = =
 RB   RA  R A  RB
1  
 RB 
2QR A
& QA =  QA > QB
R A  RB
A QA / 4R2A R
 = B using (ii)
B QB / 4RB2 RA
A B
EA = & EB =  A < B
0 0
 EA < EB (at surface)
1 k
6. The frequency will be same f =
2 m
qE
but due to the constant qE force, the equilibrium position gets shifted by in forward direction. So
K
Ans. will be (A)
ADVES - 58
Electrostatics
Kq q
7.  =  Eds = 4r 2 =
r2 0
W ext = q(VB – VA)
Comment : (D) is not crrect answer because it is not given that charge is moving slowly.
8.
9.
E0 = 6 K (along OD)
V0 = 0
Potential on line PR is zero
10.
At point P
If resultant electric field is zero
KQ1 KQ2
then  R
4R2 8R3
1
=4
2
At point Q
If resultant electric field is zero
KQ1 KQ2
then  0
4R2 25R2
1 32
=– (1 must be negative)
2 25
ADVES - 59
Electrostatics
11.
For electrostatic field,

EP  E1  E2
 (–)
= C1P  C2P
30 30

= (C1P  PC2 )
30

EP  C1C2
30
For electrostatic potential, since electric field is non zero so it is not equipotential.
KQ
12. E1 =
R2
k(2Q) 2kQ
E2 =  E2 =
R2 R2
k(4Q) R kQ
E3 =  E3 =
(2R)3 2R 2
E 3 < E1 < E2
Q  
13.  
4 0 r02 2 0 r0 2 0
Q = 2r02 A incorrect

r0 = B incorrect

 r  4E1 r0 
E1  0  
2 1
r 
E2  0  = 2E2(r0)  C correct
2
r 
E3  0  = E3(r0) = E2 (r0) D incorrect
2
ADVES - 60
Electrostatics
14. (P)
Component of forces along x-axis will vanish. Net force along +ve y-axis
(Q)
Component of forces along y-axis will vanish. Net force along +ve x-axis
(R)
Component of forces along x-axis will vanish. Net force along -ve y-axis.
(S)
F3
F1
+q
F4
F2
+Q -Q +Q -Q
Component of forces along y-axis will vanish. Net force along -ve x-axis.
Ans. (A) P—3, Q—1, R—4, S—2
15. Flux from total cylindrical surface (angle = 2)
30° 30°
A a B
ADVES - 61
Electrostatics
Qin
=
0
Flux from cylindrical surface AB = flux from the given surface
Q 
= in = =n=6
60 60
16. As +q is displaced towards right, the repulsion of right side wire will dominate and the net force on +q
will be towards left, and vice versa
 2k 2k 
Frestoring = q  – 
 d x d x 
2k 2x  q  4kq 
Frestoring =   2 x
2
d –x 2
 d 
Hence SHM
For –q, as it is displaced towards right the attraction of right side wire will dominate, which forces the –q
charge to move in the same direction of displacement similarity for other side
Hence it is not SHM.
17. Electric field in cavity
OP
E =
3 0
OP = R1 – R2
a
=
3 0
18.
45°
(A)  total due to charge Q is = Q/0

so  through the curved and flat surface will be less than Q/0
(B) The component of the electric field perpendicular to the flat surface will decrease so we move away
from the centre as the distance increases (magnitude of electric field decreases) as well as the angle
between the normal and electric field will increase.
Hence the component of the electric field normal to the flat surface is not constant.
Aliter :
R
x= 45° x
cos  
KQ KQ cos2 
E= 
x2 R2 E
KQ cos3  E =Ecos
E =
R2
As we move away from centre  cos so E
ADVES - 62
Electrostatics
KQ
(C) Since the circumference is equidistant from 'Q' it will be equipotential V =
2R
(D)  = 2(1 – cos);  = 45°
 Q 21 – cos  Q Q  1 
=–  =– =– 1 – 
4  0 4 0 2 0  2
19. Qenc =  3 R
Qenc 3 R
= 
0 0
dv
20. E = qE0 sint = m
dt
v /
qE0
 dv =
0 m  sin t dt
0
qE0
v= (– cos t)0 / 
m
qE0 2qE0
=– ((–cos) – (–cos0)) = = 2m/s
m m
KQ
21. (1) in case of point charge E =
d2
Kp
(2) In case of dipole E =
d3
2K
(3) For an infinite long line charge E =
d
(4)
2k

r

2k

r
r
d

+  –
K k 4k 2k
E= cos   = = ~
r d  2 2
d 
2 2 (d2  2 ) d2

(5) E =
20
ADVES - 63
Electrostatics
22.
R A
R/2 Q
dq  dA  Q
4R 2
B
C
Given V at surface
KQ
V0 =
R
V at C
KQ KQ
VC =  = V0 (1 – )
R R
V at B
KQ K(Q)
VB =  = V0 (1 – 2)
R R/2
V 1 
 C 
VB 1  2
 E at A
KQ KQ KQ V0
EA = 2
 2 = 
(2R) R 4R 2 R
V0
So reduced by
R
E at C
K Q V0
EC = 
R2 R
V0
So increased by Ans. (1)
R
4R
23. (1) for h = 2R r=
5
4R/5
53º
R
Q Q
Shaded charge = 2 (1 – cos53º) × =
4 5
2Q
 qenclosed =
5
2Q
 =
5 0
4R 2Q
 for h > 2R r =  =
5 5 0
ADVES - 64
Electrostatics
3R
(2) for h = 2R r=
5
3R/5
37º
R
Q Q
Shaded charge = 2 (1 – cos37º) × =
4  10
Q
 qenclosed =
5
Q
 =
5 0
3R Q
 for h > 2R r = =
5 5 0
8R 3R
(3) suppose h = r=
5 5
3R/5
4R/5
=0
8R
so for h  =0
5
(4) h > 2R r>R
r
Q
 Clearly from Gauss' Law
0
ADVES - 65
Electrostatics
24. R ≫ dipole size
circle is equipotential
1/ 3
kp 0  kp 
So, Enet Should be  to surface so = E0  r =  0 

r3  E0 
At point B net electric field will be zero.
EB = 0
2kp 0
(EA)Net = + E0 = 3E0
r3
Electric field at point A s
(EB)Net = 0
PART - II
 2k  
1. E ˆ
 (  j)  E ( ˆj)
 r  20r
q q
  E ( ˆj)
r 2 0r 2
2
2. Consider a spherical shell of radius x and thickness dx.

Charge on it dq
dq =  × 4x2 . dx
5 x 
dq = 0    x 4x2 dx
4 R
r
 5x 2 x3 
q = 40 
0

 4
  dx
R 
 5r 3 r4 
q = 40   
 3  4 4R 
kq 1  5r 3 r4 
E= = × 40   
r2 4r 2  3  4 4R 
0 r  5 r 
E= 
40  3 R 
3. At equilibrium
F 1 q2 1
tan /2 = e = .
mg 40 [ sin( / 2)]2 mg
When suspended in liquid
 1 q2 1
tan =
2 40 K [ sin( / 2)]2 (mg – FB )
1 q2 1
= .
40 K [ sin( / 2)]2
m
(mg –  0.8 g)
1.6
on comparing the two equation we get
 0.8 
K  1–  =1  K = 2.
 1.6 
ADVES - 66
Electrostatics
4.
 = ar2 + b
d
E=– = – 2ar
dt
 q
E.dS 
0
q
–2ar . 4r2 =
0
q = – 8 0ar3
q
=
4 3
r
3
 = –6a0 Ans.
5. Potential at point A,
2Kq 2Kq
VA = 
a a 5
Potential at point B,
VB = 0
 Using work energy theroem,
W AB)electric = Q(VA – VB)
2KqQ  1   1  2Qq  1 
= 1  =   1  
a  5   4 0  a  5
6.
ADVES - 67
Electrostatics
3 KQ
7. Uc = q
2 R
KQ
US = q
R
KQ
 U = q
2R
1 1 4R3 R 2 q
= .  q=
40 2R 3 6 0
8.

 Fnet = 2Fcos
q
2kq  
Fnet = 2 . y
 
2
y 2  a2 y 2  a2
q
2kq   y
kq2 y
= 2  2 3 / 2
2
Fnet  y Ans. (1)
(y  a ) a3
2L
kdq
9. V= 
L
x
q
dx
1  L 
2L
q
= 
L
40 x
=
40L
n(2) Ans. (4)
A
10. VA – V0 =   Ex dx
O
2
VA – V0 = 
0
30x 2dx
23
= – 30 = – 80V
3
11. (2) and (3) is not possible since field lines should originate from positive and terminate to negative
charge.
(4) is not possible since field lines must be smooth.
(1) satisfies all required condition.
ADVES - 68
Electrostatics
KQ
12. V0 =
R
KQ
V(r > R) =
r
KQ
V(r < R) = (3R2 – r2)
2R3
3 KQ 3V0
VcentredsUæ = 
2 R 2
5V0 kQ
V at R2 (R2 ij V) =  (3R2  R22 ) 
4 2R3
5 R2 R
   3  22  R2 =
2 R 2
3V0 kQ 4
V at R3 (R3 V)=   R3 = R
4 R3 3
V0 kQ
V at R4 (R4 V) =   R4 = 4R
4 R4
4 8R
 R4 – R3 = 4R – R = > R2
3 3
r
A
 r 4r dr
Q 2 A/R
a
13. (E) (4r2) =
0 Qr
4A 2
Q (r  a2 )
 (E)r 
 2
0
Q A
 E=  (r 2  a2 )
40r 2
0 2r 2
Q A Aa2
=  
40r 2 20 20r 2
Q Aa2

40 20
Q
A=
2a2
14.

P
 x

E
 
PEsin = P 3E sin(90° – )
tan = 3 ;   = 60°
ADVES - 69
Electrostatics
15.
B C
A
a + – +
c
1 4a  1 4b2 
2
1 4c2    a 2  b2 
VB =   =   c
40 b 40 b 40 C 0  b 
16. KE + U = 0
1 
 mv 2  0   q( v f  v i )  0
2 
1   R 
mv 2  q 2kn   0

2   R0 
1  R 
mv 2  2kqn 

2  R0 
1/ 2
 4kq  R 
v n 

 m  R 0 
17. (i) Electric field outside sphere does not depends on inside charge, it depends on only outer charge.
(ii) Surface charge density on inner surface is non-uniform.
(iii) Surface charge density on inner surface is non-uniform.

(iv) Surface charge density on outer surface does not depend on P
R 2Q
18. 
0
kr 4r 2 dr = 2Q
kR4 = 2Q …….. (1) a

a
a
 kr4r dr –Q Q
2
KQ2 0
= KQ
4a 2 a2
KQ2 a2
= Q Kk4
4a 2 4
KQ2  2Q 
= QK  4  a2
4a 2
R 
R = a81/4
    
19. E cos60  –xˆ    – sin60   yˆ  +
20  20 20 
60° P
  3 1  30°
E=  1–  yˆ – xˆ  +
20  2  2 
20. Magnitude of electric field is constant & the surface is equipotential
ADVES - 70
Electrostatics
 
21. Since p . r  0
 
E must be antiparallel to p
 
So, E  (p)
where  is a arbitrary positive constant

Now A = a î  bĵ  ck̂
 
A || E
a b c
  k
 3  2

so A  k( î  3 ĵ  2k̂ )
22. For a solid sphere

r
E=
3 0
R
EA =
2(3 0 )
R
EA 
6 0
Electric field at point B = EB = E1A + E2A
R
E1A = Electric Field Due to solid sphere of radius R at point B =
3 0
E2A = Electric Field Due to solid sphere of radius R/2 (which having charge density –)
KQ' 4 R
=– =–
9R 2 54 0
R R 17R
EB = E1A + E2A = – =
3 0 54 0 54 0
EA 9

EB 17
23. Flux via ABCD

 

1  E.dA  0
Flux via BCEF

 

2  E.dA
 
2  E.A = (4x î  ( y 2  1) ĵ)  4 î
= 16x, x = 3
N  m2 N  m2
2  48 ; 1  2  48
C C
ADVES - 71
Electrostatics
HIGH LEVEL PROBLEMS (HLP)
1. The electrostatic force exerted by charge at B on charge at A is
2 2
q  q
2 2 q2
Fe =
1   =
1   =
1
4 0 (AB) 2
40  
2
64 0 2 
sin2
 2 sin 2  2
 
O
mg
Fe
A
q/2
• 2
2
q/2
B
The rod AO is in equilibrium, hence net torque on rod about point O is
 
Fe  sin    – mg (sin ) =0
2 2 2
2 q2
 cos /2 = mg sin    solving, we get
64 0 2 
sin2
2
 
q = 4 4 0 mgsin   sin Ans.
2 2

2. The sheet produces a uniform electric field E = towards right. The part AC and CB will experience
2 0
electric force F as shown. They can be considered to be acting at the mid points of those parts
respectively. The rod will experience torque about the point ‘c’ in the anticlockwise direction
f C B
x
F   
Whose magnitude is = F sin  ~
  But F = . . =
2 2 2 2 0 4 0
  2 
 =   
 8 0 
 Now, since  is towards the mean position &   
 it will perform SHM Hence proved
 2 m 2  2  3 
&  =  =  = or  =  
8 0 12 8 0  2m 0 
2
3  2  2m 0
 2 = =    T = 2  Ans.
2m 0  T  3
ADVES - 72
Electrostatics
3. (i)
q0
a a
F2 300
q0 a q0
F1
kq02
F1 = F 2 =
a2
F = F1cos30 + F2 cos300
0
= 2F1 cos300
 F = F1 3
2
3kq0
or F= ,away from the charges along perpendicular bisector of line joining remaining two
a2
charges.
(ii)
q0
a a
F2
300
–q0 F1 a q0
kq2
F1 = F2 = 20
a
F = F1cos300 + F2 cos300 = 2F1 cos300 = F1 3
2
3kq0
= towards the charges along perpendicular bisector of line joining remaining two charges.
a2
(iii)
2q0
 a
 a  
  2
2
F2 300
2q0  a  2q0
2
F1
k(2q0 )2 16kq02
F1 = F 2 = 2
=
a a2
2
 
F = F1cos300 + F2 cos300
= 2F1cos300
= F1 3
3k  2q0 
2
= 2
a
2
 
2
16 3kq0
= away from the charges along angle bisector.
a2
ADVES - 73
Electrostatics
4. Assume ‘’ and ‘–’ in the cavity then
3 K  4 3
V =   R 
2 R  3 
 4 R 
3
K       
 3  2  
V– 
R
2
KR2 5KR2
 VC = V + V– = 2 K R2 – =
3 3
5R 2
 V= Ans.
12 0
5. In the remaining three quadrants, put three more quarter sheets to convert this given arrangement to
that of infinite sheet. Now contribution from all the four quarters to the z - component will be same.
Hence due to a quarter component of E.F. along z axis at point (0, 0, z) will be,

1    z 
Ez =   = k̂
4  2 0  z 8 0
Hence potential difference between points (0, 0, d) and (0, 0, 2d) will be,
 
2d  z
V2d  Vd =   E.d
d
; where, d = d z k̂ ; E z =
8 0 z
=
8 0
k̂
  
2d 2d
V2d  Vd =  
d
8 0
k̂ . dz k̂ = 
8 0 
d
dz ; Vd  V2d =
8 0
d
 
Ans. , d
8 0 8 0
6. Let the closest distance of approach be r

Consider an element of length 'dx' on rod at a distance x from end 'A' of rod.
kdx
Potential at point B due to the element = .
rx
kdx r L 
L
 Potential at B, due to the rod =  rx
0
= k n 
 r 

Now applying conservation of energy

2 0 mv 2
1   r  L  r L q
0+ mv2 = q k n    + 0   e 
2   r  r
L
  r= .....Ans.
 2  mv2 
 0
q

e  1
 
ADVES - 74
Electrostatics
7.
0
45 T0
T0
m
mg
Initial situation mg
2T0 cos450 = mg T0 =
2
2T0 45º 45º

2T0
mg
2
kQ
2
d
kQ2 kQ 2
Final FBD 4T0 cos450 = mg +   2 2 T0 = mg + 2
d2 d
kQ2 mg
 mg = or Q=d
d2 k
5.88  104  9.8
= 4.2 × 10–2
9  109
–8
= 3.36 × 10 C
mg 5.88 10 4  9.8
Now, T0 = = = 4.075 × 10–3 N
2 2
 2T0 = 8.15 × 10–3 N
8.
q0 q1 q2 E
0 x=3 x=6 x=8
q q q 
Electric field, E = 20.25 = k  02  21  22 
 8 5 2 
 16  10 9
q 12  109 
 20.25 = 9 × 109   1  
 64 25 4 
9  10 9
20.25 = 2.25 + q1 + 27
25
 q1 = – 25 × 10–9 C
1 2
9.  d = ut + at
2
1 2
 d= at
2
1 eE 2 
or d= t & E=
2 m 0
1 e  2 2m0 d
 d= t  =
2 m 0 et 2
2  9.1 1031  8.85 1012  2 102 2  9.1 8.85  2  1014
= 19 12
=
1.6  10  4  10 1.6  4
ADVES - 75
Electrostatics
c
= 0.503 × 10–12
m2
charge density on outer surfaces of plates is equal in magnitude as well as in sign. So there is no
contribution in electric field between the plates by charges on outer surfaces. So we cannot find out
charge density on the outer surfaces.
10.
O -q
1m
u
q m
Here, q = 3 × 10–6 C
r=1m
u = initial horizontal velocity of ball.
At highest point S tension in the string becomes zero.
& let velocity at this point = v
2
mv
g
v s q, m
2
kq -q
r2 O
kq2 mv 2
 mg + = .......(i)
r2 r
From conservation of energy between P & S
1 1
mu2 = mv2 + 2mgr .......(ii)
2 2
 u2 = v2 + 4gr
From (i)
kq2 kq2 9  109  9  1012
u2 = gr + + 4gr = 5gr + = 5 × 10 × 1 +
mr rm 1 102
or u2 = 50 + 8.1
 u = 7.62 m/sec.
11. The system of the ring charge and line charge may be represented as shown in the figure. Here, the
electric field intensity due to the ring charge +q at a point distant x on the axis is given by :
1 qx
E= .............. (along the axis of ring i.e. along wire)
40 (R2  x 2 )3 / 2
ADVES - 76
Electrostatics
The force due to electric field of ring charge on a small charge element dq concentrated in small length
dx of the line charge is given by
dF = E dq
1 qx
or, dF = ×  dx
40 (R  x 2 )3 / 2
2
Here,  = linear charge density of the thread.

1 qx dx
so, dF = ×
40 (R2  x2 )3 / 2

q xdx
so, F=
40 
0 (R2  x 2 )3 / 2
let (R2 + x2) = t
so, 2x dx = dt
dt
so, x dx =
2
t  
q dt
so, F=
80 
t  R t3 / 2
t  
q  t –3 / 2 1 
or, =  
80  –3 / 2  1 t  R
t  
q  1 
or, =–  
40  t  t  R
[because, t = R2 + x2]
q  1 1 
so, F=–  – 
40  2 R2 
q
or F=
40R
12. (a) Lets take a small element at an angle  subtending angle d at the center. Charge on this element
will be dq =  (Rd) = 0 cos (Rd)
+ + + +
+ +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
O x
+
X
+
+
+
+
+
dE +
+ +
+ + + +
Due to this element, electric field at center will be

kdq
dE = 2
R
ADVES - 77
Electrostatics
The y component dE sin  will be cancelled by the opposite element of lower half and the x component
dE cos  will be added up
So Enet =  dEcos
 2 
K(0 cos  ) Rd 
Enet = 
 0 R2
cos  =
4 0 R
(b) Let the ring plane coincides with y-z plane shown in fig. We consider a small element AB (of length
dl) on ring.
Here dl = Rd where R is the radius of ring.
Also, from fig. y = R sin  and z = R cos 
The electric charge on the considered element is dq = dl
= 0 cos (Rd) = 0 R cos d
The axis of the ring is X-axis.
The electric field at point P due to considered element is
ˆ ˆ ˆ
dE = dq(rp – rA ) or dE = (0Rcos d)(xi – yj – zk)
3 3
40 rp – rA 40 xiˆ – yjˆ – zkˆ
ˆ ˆ ˆ
or dE = 0 Rcos d (xi – R sin j – Rcos k)
40 (x  y  z )
2 2 2 3/2
0R cos d (xiˆ – R sin ˆj – Rcos k)

ˆ
=
40 (x  R sin   R cos )3 / 2
2 2 2 2 2
0R cos d (xiˆ – R sin ˆj – Rcos k)

ˆ
=
40 (x 2  R2 )3 / 2
 0R
 dE (x cos d î –Rsin cos ĵ –R cos2 d k̂ )
40 (R2  x 2 )3 / 2
0 Rx cos d
 dEx =
40 (R2  x2 )3 / 2
– 0R2 sin  cos  d
dEy =
40 (R2  x2 )3 / 2
– 0R2 cos2 d
and dE2 = 
40 (R2  x 2 )3 / 2
0Rx 2
  Ex =  dE x 
40 (R2  x 2 )3 / 2 
0
cos d
After integrating, Ex = 0 and

ADVES - 78
Electrostatics
– 0R2 2 sin2
Ey =  dEy  40 (R2  x 2 )3 / 2 
0 2
d
2
–  0R 2  – cos2 
=
80 (R  x )   0
 0
2 2 3/2
2
 Ey = 0
similarly,
– 0R2 2 –  0R 2
Ez =  dEz  40 (R2  x 2 )3 / 2 
0
cos2 d =
40 (R2  x2 )3 / 2
 E = Ex î + Ey ĵ + Ez k̂ 
  | E | E | Ezkˆ | ( Ex = 0, Ey = 0)
 0R 2
=
40 (R2  x2 )3 / 2
For x > > R, R2 + x2 = x2 
 R2 P
  E= 0 3 =
4 0 x 40 x 3
Where P = 0 R2
13.
dy
Electric field at distance y on the circle due to both charges is

kq 2kq
E=2× 2 × cos= 2 ×
 y 2
  y2 2
 y2
2kq
E= (Along the dotted line)
[2
 y 2 ]3 / 2
flax through the width dy of circle d = E (2y. dy) (Angle = 0º)
R
ydy
 d = 2(2 kq) 0 [ 2  y2 ]3 / 2
Let 2 + y2 = x
 2ydy = dx
2
 R2
 –3 1 
 R2
x2 
2
q dx q
=
0  2(x)3 / 2
= .
2 0  –3

2
 1
 2  2
 
q  1 1 q  1 
=–  –  = 1
0 0  
 R   R
2 2 2
1 
 
ADVES - 79
Electrostatics
14. To calculate the electric field due to the charged sphere and the space surrounding the sphere, a shell
of radius x and thickness dx whose centre is the centre of the sphere is taken and electric field due to
this shell and charged sphere at a distance r from O is obtained as given below
(4x 2 dx)
r
1 q 1
E=
40
× 2 +
r 
R
40 r2
[where, q = charge considered on the ball]
Where, first term is the field strength of spherical charge q and second integral term is the field strength
of space surrounding the charged sphere.
O dx P
x
R r

r 4x 2 dx
1 q 1
 E= × 2 + x
40 r R
4  0 r2
   
since,     at r  x is given by   
  r x

r
q
so, E=
40r 2
+
0r 2 
R
xdx
r
q   x 2
or, = +  
40r 2
0r 2  2 R
q   r 2 R2 
or, = +  – 
40r 2 0 r 2  2 2 
q r 2 R 2
or, = + +
40r 2
20r 2
20r 2
q  R 2
so, E= + –
40r 2
20 20r 2
Now, for E to be independent of r, sum of the first and third terms must be zero.
q R 2
so, – =0
40r 2 20r 2
or, q = 2R2
So, resultant field, independent of r, is given as
1 
E=
2 0
ADVES - 80
Electrostatics
15.
Electric potential at centre :

If we assume an imaginary identical hemisphere of same charge distribution to complete the sphere,
kQtotal
then potential at centre = . So, due to symmetry, potential at centre due to left half is equal to
R
kQtotal k  2Qhemis phere 
Right half. So, potential due to a hemisphere at centre = =
2R 2R
=
kQ
=

k 2R2 .  or V=
R
R R 2 0
Alternative : -
 Each charge is at same distance of R from centre
So, Potential =
k Q
=

k 2R 2.
;
 V=
R
R R 2 0
Electric Field
To calculate the electric field strength at centre, we take a ring element which makes angle  on the
centre and having width of R d. Due to this ring, electric field strength at centre :

k.dq.x
 dE = î
x 
3/2
2
 r2
{here dq = charge on Ring ; r = radius of ring, x = distance b/w centre of ring and hemisphere}
By figure, x = R cos and dq = .2 R sin (Rd)

k. σ.2 Rsin θ R d  . R cosθ
 dE =
R3

dE =  k  [sin2 d]

/2

 2
  – cos 2  
 dE  4 o  sin 2d î =
o
4 o  2 
0
î =
4 o 2
[– cos  + cos 0 ] î 

 2iˆ 
E    î  
4 o 2 4 o
ADVES - 81
Electrostatics
16. Potential at a height H on the axis of the disc ie. V(P) : 
The charge dq contained in the ring shown in figure
P(q,m)
x H
O
dr
r
dq = ( 2rdr)
Potential at P due to this ring,
1 dq H2  r 2
dV = ; where, x =
4 0 x
1 (2rdr)  rdr
dV = =
4 0 H r
2 2 2 0 H2  r 2
 Potential due to the complete disc,
r a r a
 rdr
Vp  
r 0
dV =
2 0 
r 0 H2  r 2

or, Vp = [ H2  a2  H]
2 0
Potential at centre, (O) will be
a
VO = ; (H = 0)
2 0
(i) Particle is released from P and it just reaches point O. Therefore, from conservation of
mechanical energy :
Decrease in gravitational potential energy = Increase in electrostatic potential energy
( KE = 0 because Ki = Kf = 0 )
 mgH = q [ Vo– Vp ]
 q   
 [a  a  H  H]
2 2
or gH =    ......(1)
 m   2 0 
q 4 0 g q
Also,   =2g
m  2 0 m
Substituting in (1), we get
gH = 2g [a + H – a2  H2 ]
H
or = ( a + H) – a2  H2 or =a+
2
H2 3 2
or a2 + H2 = a2 + + aH or H = aH
4 4
3H
or a=
4
 H =( 4/3)a Ans.
ADVES - 82
Electrostatics
(ii) Potential energy of the particle at height H = Electrostatic potential energy + gravitational potential
energy
 U = qV + mgH
Here V = Potential at height H
q
 U= [ a2  H2  H] + mgH ...(2)
2 0
At equilibrium position,
dU
F= =0
dH
Differentiating (2) w.r.t. H :
q  1  1 
or mg +   (2H) 2  1 = 0
2 0  2  a  H2 
 H 
 mg + 2mg   1 = 0
 a  H
2 2

2H 2H
or 1 –2=0 or =1
a  H2
2
a  H2
2
H2 1 a
or  or 3H2 = a2 or H= Ans.
a H
2 2
4 3
From equation (2), we can write :
U–H equation as
U = mg (2 a2  H2  H)
 U = 2mga at H = 0 and
a
U = Umin = 3 mga at H =
3
Therefore U–H graph will be as shown.
a
Note that at H = , U is minimum.
3
a
Therefore, H = is stable equilibrium position.
3
17.
at
Figure shows two parallel plates electric field between plates E = V/d   E=
L
e at
force on electron = qE = ,
L
eat
So acceleration of e– =
mL
dv
By acceleration = ; (v = velocity)
dt
ADVES - 83
Electrostatics
V t
dv eat eat eat dt eat 2
=
dt mL
 dv =
mL
dt   dv =
o
o mL   v=
2mL
L t
dx eat 2 eat 2dt eat 3
Again, v =
dt
=
2mL
...(1)   dx =
o
o 2mL  L=
6mL

1
 6mL2  3
  t  
 ea 
putting in eqn. (1)
2 1 1
ea  6mL2  3 ea  36m2L4  3  9eaL  3
v=   =  2 2  ; v=  
2mL  ea  2mL  e a   2m 
18.
+ 27/2 m B +Q
+ 3/2 m A -q
v0 m
O   x
x P q0
- 3/2 m C -q
- 27/2 m D +Q
In the figure q = 1 C = 10 -6 C q0 = 0.1 C = 10 -7C and m = 6 × 10 -4 Kg

and Q = 8C = 8 × 10 -6 C
Let P be any point at a distance x from origin O.Then
3
AP = CP =  x2
2
27
and BP = DP =  x2
2
Electric potential at point P will be–
2KQ 2Kq 1
VP = – ; where, K = = 9 × 109 Nm2 /C2
BP AP 40
 
 8  10 6 10 6 
 VP = 2 × 9 ×109   
 27 3 
  x2  x2 
 2 2 
 
 8 1 
or V = 1.8 × 104    ........(1)
 27 3 2 
  x 2
 x 
 2 2 
 Electric field at P is–
dV   1  27 
3 / 2
 1  3  
3 / 2
EP = – = 1.8 × 104 (8)     x2   (1)     x 2   (2x)

dX   2  2   2  2  
E = 0 on axis where  x = 0 or
3/2
8 1 (4) 1
3/2
= 3/2
 3/2
= 3/2
 27 2 3 2  27 2 3 2
 2  x  2  x   2  x  2  x 
       
ADVES - 84
Electrostatics
27 3
 (+ x2) = 4 ( + x2)
2 2
5
This equation gives, x = ± m
2
The least value of kinetic energy of the particle at infinity should be enough to take the particle upto
5
x=+ m because
2
5
at x = + m, E = 0  Electrostatic force on charge q is zero or Fe = 0.
2
5
For x > m , E is repulsive (towards positive x–axis)
2
5
and For x < m, E is attractive (towards negative x–axis)
2
5
Now, from equation (1), potential at x = m
2
 
 8 1 
VP = 1.8 × 10 4  
 27 5 3 5
   
 2 2 2 2
5
Applying energy conservation at x = and x = m
2
1
mv02 = q0V .........(2)
2
2q0 V
 v0 =
m
Substituting the values
2  107  2.7  104
v0 =
6  104
or v0 = 3 m/s
 Minimum value of v 0 is 3 m/s. Ans. (i)
From equation (1), potential at origin (x = 0) is
 
 8 1 
V0 = 1.8 × 104  
 27 3
 
 2 2
 2.45 × 10 4 V
Let K be the kinetic energy of the particle at origin.
Applying energy conservation at x = 0 and at x = 
K + q0V0 = 1/2 mv02
But, 1/2 mv02 = q0 V from equation (2)
 K = q0 (V – V0)
or K = (10–7) (2.7 × 104 – 2.45 × 104) ~ 2.5 × 10–4 J Ans (ii)
5
  Note : E = 0 or Fe on q0 is zero at x = 0 and x = ± m of these, x = 0 is stable equilibrium position
2
5
and x = ± is unstable equilibrium position.
2
ADVES - 85
Electrostatics
19. Given, q = 1c = 10 –6 C
& m = 2 × 10 –3 Kg and
 = 0.8 m
Let u be the speed of the particle at its lowest point and v its speed at highest point.
At highest point, three forces are acting on the particle.
(i) Electrostatic repulsion
1 q2
Fe = . 2 (outwards)
40
Fe
T=0
w
q
u
(q,m)
(ii) Weight W = mg (inwards), and
(iii) Tension T (inwards)
T = 0, if the particle has just to complete the circle and the necessary centripetal force is provided by
mv 2
W – Fe i.e., = W – Fe
 1 q2 
or v2 =  mg  . 
m  40 2 
0.8  9.0  10 9  (10 6 ) 2  2 2
v2 = 3 
2  10 3  10   m /s
2  10  (0.8) 2 
or v2 = 2.4 m2 / s2 .....(1)
Now the electrostatic potential energy at the lowest and highest points are equal. Hence from
conservation of mechanical energy
Increase in gravitational potential energy = Decrease in kinetic energy
1
or mg(2l) = m (u2 – v2)
2
or u2 = v2 + 4 gl
Substituting the values of v 2 from equation (1) we get
u2 = 2.4 + 4 (10) (0.8) = 34.4 m2/ s2.
 u = 5.86 m/s Ans(2)
Therefore, minimum horizontal velocity imparted to the lower ball, so that it can make compete
revolution,is 5.86 m/s.
20. For potential energy of this system to be minimum, point charges 2Q & 8Q must be placed at the end
positions of straight line. So that the metual energy should be minizied
2KQ2 8KQ2 16KQ2

PE = + +
x 10  x 10
For minimum PE of system
d(PE)
=0
dx
2KQ2 8KQ 2
 – + =0  (10 – x)2 = 4x2
x2 (10  x) 2
10
 10 – x = ± 2x  x= cm (from 2q charge)
3
ADVES - 86
Electrostatics
21.
r -q
F
Q
mv 2
Centripetal force F =
r
kQq mv 2
 2
=
r r
kQq
 = v2
mr
2r
& T=
v
4 2 r 2 42r 2 mr 
 2
T = =
v2 kQq
 T2 r3. Hence proved
22. Given that field potential is variable only in x direction. so for Given value of x (also we can conclude
that electric field is parallel to x-axis) Potential is constant in Y and Z direction. Now, by taking a small
volume in space at distance x. Cross section area of this element is A and width is dx [Given  = ax3 +
b]

d
Electric field E = – î   –3ax2 î
dx
Now electric field is constant for a particular value of x and it is parallel to area vector of this small
elemental volume.
By Guess theorem :
y axis
dq
x axis
dx
z axis
qin
 E.dA  0
qin
E dA 
0
qin dqin
EA =  A dE =
0 0
.dx.A
A. 6axdx =    6a0 x
0
ADVES - 87
Electrostatics
23. Capacities of conducting spheres are in the ratio of their radii. Let C1 and C2 be the capacities of S1 and
S2, then
C2 R
=
C1 r
(a) Charges are distributed in the ratio of their capacities. Let in the first contact, charge acquired by S2
is q1. Therefore, charge on S1 will be Q – q1. Say it is q1’
q1 q1 C R
 = = 2= .
q1 ' Q  q1 C1 r
It implies that Q charge is to be distributed in S2 and S1 in the ratio of R/r.
 R 
 q1 = Q   ......(1)
Rr 
In the second contact, S1 again acquires the same charge Q.
 R 
Therefore, total charge in S1 and S2 will be Q + q1 = Q  1  
 Rr 
This charge is again distributed in the same ratio. Therefore, charge on S2 in second contact,
 R  R   R  R  
2
 q2 = Q  1    = Q     
 Rr  Rr   R  r  R  r  
 R  R   R  
2 3
Similarly, q3 = Q      
 R  r  R  r   R  r  
 R  R 
2
 R  
n
and qn = Q     .......  Rr  

 R  r  R  r    
R  R  
n
or qn = Q 1–   ..........(i)
r   R  r  
 a(1  r n ) 
Sn  
 (1  r) 
Therefore, electrostatic energy of S2 after n such contacts
2 2 2
q qn qn
Un = n = or Un = Ans.
2C 2(4 0 R) 8 0 R
where qn can be written from equation (1).
QR   R  
n 1
R
(b) qn = 1  ....... Rr  
(R  r)  R  r   
as n 
QR 1  QR 
 q = = 
Rr R  r 
1–
Rr
2
q Q2R2 / r 2 Q2R
 U =  = or U =
2c 8 0 R 8 0 r 2

a(xiˆ  yj)ˆ
24. Given, E =
x2  y2
(xiˆ  yjˆ  zk)
ˆ

Let d s = ds ; where ds = magnitude of small area considered on surface of sphere.

R
xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ
and = unit vector along the radius
R
ADVES - 88
Electrostatics
 
So x 2  y 2  z2 = R Now flux of E =  E. ds
ˆ  (xiˆ  yjˆ  zk)
 a(xiˆ  yj) ˆ a(x 2  y 2 ) a
 =   x2  y2  • R
ds  =  R(x2  y2 ) ds = R  ds
 
a Q
  = 4 R2. = 4Ra and  =  Q =  0 = 4Ra 0
R 
25. Given,   0r

(a) Let a spherical element of thickness dr and radius r (r < R) is considered
r
Charge inside this sphere qin = 
o
0 r.4r 2 dr = 0r 4
Kq K.0 r 4 0 r 2
Electric field at r = 2in r̂ = r̂ = r̂
r r2 4 0
For potential : —
Kqin
V due to inner shell (or charge) =
r
R
kdq
and V due to outer charge = 
r
r
1 ( 0r 4 ) (4r 2 dr)0
R R
kqin kdq
 Total potential =
r
+ r r =
40 r
+ r 40r
0  R3 r 3  0  4R  r 
3 3
0 r 3
= +   =
4 o 0  3 3 120
kqin 0 R 4 0 R 4
(b) When r > R, Electric field = r̂ = r̂ = r̂
r2 40r 2 4 0 r 2
kqin 1  R 4  R4
and Potential = = . 0 = 0
r 40 r 4 0 r
26. Let charge q and –2q are placed in x – y plane and at x – axis ; Co-ordinate of q and –2q are
respectively (–3, 0) and (3, 0). Let a point (x, y) is in the plane at which net potential is equal to zero
y
axis
(x, y)
(-3, 0) (3, 0)
q -2 q x axis
kq k( 2q)
 + =0  4[(x + 3)2 + y2] = [(x – 3)2 + y2]
(x  3)  y
2 2
(x  3)  y 2 2
 4x + 24x + 36 + 4y2 = x2 + 9 – 6x + y2
2
 3x2 + 3y2 + 30x + 27 = 0  x2 + y2 + 10x + 9 = 0

or (x + 5)2 + (y – 0)2 = 16
This is eqn of circle of radius 4m and centre at (–5, 0)
ADVES - 89
Electrostatics
27.
Let total charge is Q and charge on ball (1) is q so charge on 2nd ball = Q – q
Now x >>> R1 and R2 so we can neglect potential energy of interaction,
q2 (Q  q)2
So, total energy = + =E
8 o R1 8 o R2
dE 1  2q 2q  2Q  q Q–q
For E to be minimum : =0     =0  =
dq 8 o  R1 R2  R1 R2
R1 Q Q R2
 q= and Q–q =
R1  R2 R1  R2
Q1 q R
So ratio of charge =   1
Q2 Q  q R 2
28. (i) E at a point inside the ball (r < R) :
Consider an elemental shell of radius x and thickness dx. Electric field due to this small element at a
distance r from centre:
Kdq
dE = 2 , where dq =  dV [dV = Volume of elemental shell]
r
 x
 dq = 0  1   (4x2 dx)
 R
x
K0 (1  ) (4x 2 dx)  2 x3 
x r
 0  r 3 r4 
r
  Enet = 
x 0
R
r 2
= 02
0r 0 
 x – 
R
dx =  –
0r 2  3 4R 

0 r  3r 
Solving we get, Ein =
3 0  1  4R 
 
E outside the ball (r > R)  

x R
Kdq
 Enet = 
x 0 r2
x
x R K0 (1  )(4x 2 dx)

Enet = R
x 0 r2
R3
Enet =
120 r 2
dE
(ii) E will be maximum at inside point when 0
dr
ADVES - 90
Electrostatics
  6r  2R
  1  4R   0  r=
30   3
 Emax = (Ein ) 2R
r
3
 2R    2R  
0    3 
 3  1   3   0 R
= =
3 0  4R  9 0
 
 
 a 
2KQq   
29. (a) F   3  
KQq
3/2 2
  a  
2
 2a 
 a2        
  3    3 

Here K = 1/40 and direction is upward (towards A)
9 3 
(b) Using binomial approximation, F  KQq (upward) which is linear in . Hence charge will
16 a3
oscillate simple harmonically about O when released.
KQq
(c) FD  (downward)
3a2
(d) For small  force on the test charge is upwards while for large  (eg. at D) force is downwards. So
there is a neutral point between O and D. By symmetry there will be neutral points on other medians
also. In figure x. Below all possible (4) neutral points are shown by .
A
B D C
(e) Let the distance along P be x and O to be at (0, 0). Electric potential of a test charge along OP can
be written as
KQ KQ KQ 3 9 2
V(x) =    KQ 3 x
x  (4 / 3)
2
(x  1)  (1/ 3)
2
(x  1)  (1/ 3)
2 4  16 
We can see that V(x)  x , hence it is a stable equilibrium.

2
(f) Equilibrium points are indicated by .

A B
C D
(g) N + 1
30. flux leaving q1 is equal to flux entering –q2.

q q
(1 – cos) 1 = (1– cos ) 2
0 0
 
q1 sin2   = q2 sin2  
 
2 2
ADVES - 91
Electrostatics
31. By considering Gaussian surface as shown in figure, and applying Gauss law
2 A
We have EA =
0
2
 E=
0
 2 = 0E
Also, 3 = – 2 = – 0E.
We can not find 1 and 4.
E at P = 0
  1 = 4
1 = 4 ......Ans.
ALTERNATIVE :
s1 s2 s3 s4
P C Q
In conductor EP = 0
 1 A = 2 A + 3 A + 4 A
 1 = 2 + 3 + 4 ....(1)
and EQ = 0
 4 A = 3 A + 2 A + 1 A ....(2)
By (1) and (2)
4 = 3 + 2 + 2 + 3 + 4  2 = – 3 ….(3)
Using (3) in (1)
  1 = 4 ....Ans.
2  22 
Now : Ec =  3   2 =E
2 0 2 0 2 0 0
 2 = 0 E ....Ans.
3 = – 0 E ....Ans.
1 = 4, 2 = 0E, 3 = – 0 E ....Ans.
32. The net force on point charge Q at A is zero in the cavity due to external electric field and external
induced chages on body of conductor.
Hence force on point Q due to induced chages is 35 N towards left.
By action reaction principle, force on sphere due to point charge Q is 35 N rightward.
F1 = Force on Q due to induced charge on S1 = 15 N,

F1' = Force on S1 due to Q = 15 N
F2 = Force on Q due to induced charge on S2 = 20 N
ADVES - 92
Electrostatics
F2' = Force on S2 due to Q = 20 N
F3 = Force on Q due to electric field E
F1 , F1' and F2 , F2' are action reaction force.
33. Let q1 and q2 are charges on A and B respectively

From given conditions: Charge on A & C after connection with wire are q1 and Q – q1 on B, charge is q2
VA = VC and VB = 0
K(Q  q1 ) Kq Kq
 VB = + 2  1 =0
3a 2a 2a
 2Q + q1 + 3q2 = 0 ....(1)
Using VC = VA
K(Q  q1 ) Kq2 Kq1 Kq1 K(Q  q1 ) Kq2
+  =  
3a 3a 3a a 3a 2a
q2
 q1 = – ....(2)
4
8
Using it in (1), q2 = – Q
11
34.

Work done by external agent :
W ext = UF – Ui
 Kq2 Kq2 K( q) ( q) K( q) ( q) K( q) ( q)  Kq2 Kq2
 W ext =      0 = 
 2a 2b (a) b b  2b 2a
35. The charged sphere will polarize the neutral one, which acquires a dipole moment p proportional to the
electric field created by the charged sphere
q
pE
R2
The force between the dipole and the charged sphere is given by the product of the dipole moment and
the gradient of the electric field at the dipole.
pq q2
F 3  5
R R
q  4 2q
ADVES - 93
Electrostatics
36. We are going to prove that the electric field strength is zero at the socalled incentre, the centre of the
triangle’s inscribed circle (which has radius r in the figure)
r r

r 
Q P
Let us consider a small length of rod at position P on one of the sides of the triangle; let it subtend an
angle  at the incentre (see figure). Its distance from the incentre is r/cos. Its small length x can be
found by noting that P is a distance x = r tan  along the rod from the fixed point Q and so
 x = (r) / (cos2 ). Consequently the charge it carries is
r
q =
cos2 
 where  is the linear charge density on the rods. The magnitude of the elementary contribution of this
small piece to the electric field at the incentre is
1 qcos2  1 r
E = 
40 r2 40 r 2
It can be seen from this result that the same electric field (in both magnitude and direction) would be
produced by an arc of the inscribed circle that subtends  at the circle’s centre and carries the same
linear charge density  as the rod.
Summing up the contributions of the small arc pieces correspondingto all threesides of the triangle,
we will, because of the circular symmetry, obtain zero net field. It follows that the electric field strength
produced by the charged sides of the triangle is also zero at the incentre.
37. According to Newton’s third law, the insulating plate acts on the point charge with a force of the same
magnitude (but opposite direction) as the point charge does on the plate. We calculate the magnitude of
this latter force.
Divide the plate (notionally) into small pieces, and denote the area of the ith piece by Ai. Because of
the uniform charge distribution, the charge on this small piece is
Q
Qi = 2 Ai
d
and so the electric force acting on it is Fi = Ei_Qi, where Ei is the magnitude of the electric field
produced by the point charge q at the position of the small piece.
The force acting on the insulating plate, as a whole, can be calculated as the vector sum of the forces
acting on the individual pieces of the plate. Because of the axial symmetry, the net force is erpendicular
to the plate, and so it is sufficient to sum the perpendicular components of the forces :
  
Q Q
F= Fi cos i  Ei 2 A i cos i  2 EiA i cos  i
i i d d i
where i is the angle between the normal to the plate and the line that connects the point charge to the
ith piece of it.
The sum in the given expression is nothing other than the electric flux through the square sheet
produced by the point charge q :
= E A cos 
i
i i i
and can be evaluated as follows.

ADVES - 94
Electrostatics
Let us imagine that a cube of edge d is constructed symmetrically around the point charge (see figure).
Then, the distance of the point charge from each side of the cube is just d/2. According to Gauss’s law,
the total electric flux passing through the six sides of the cube is q/0 and so the flux through a single
side is one-sixth of this :
q
=
60
q
d i
d/2 Q
Ai d
d
Ei
Using this and our previous observations, we calculate the magnitude of the force acting on the point
charge due to the presence of the charged insulating plate as
Qq
F=
6e0 d2
38.
  q
-q


+q -q
Using image metod :

y x
O
E1
-q 2 q
45°
E
2
2
+q 2 -q
q q
E1  
40 (2 2) 2
320 2
q q
E= 
40 (2) 2
160 2
net field at charge q : Enet = E1 – 2Ecos45°
q 2q 1 q  4 
=  = 1  
320 2
160 2
2 320  2
2
1 2 2 
2
q
Fnet =
320 2
(Attractive nature)
ADVES - 95
Electrostatics
39.
q
q
 
P 
P r
r
Eq
 
-
Eq
-q
Enet at point P :
Enet = 2Eqcos
 q  
  = 2 
 4 (r 2   2 )  2 2
 0  r 
2q
Enet =
40 (r 2   2 )3 / 2
At point P field due to conducting sheet charge will he half of above calculated Enet :
 Enot 2
 
20 2 40 (r   2 )3 / 2
2
2q
 
4(r 2   2 )3 / 2
q

2(r 2   2 )3 / 2
Calculation of charge induced on sheet :
dqin = 62rdr
 2
qin    2r.dr
0 2 (r 2
  2 )3 / 2
qin = –q
40.

(a)

Using image method :


O


ADVES - 96
Electrostatics
Calculation of field at point O due to charge of image.
O

x

dx
(dx)  dx
dE  
40 x 2
40 x 2
   dx
 dE  
40  x 2

E=
0 
Since charge density at O is  then.
  
  
20 40 2

Ex
Ex P O
(b)  r

Ey Ey

Field at point P is only along y-axis because field in the x-driection will be cancelled.
Hence field due to plane = field dut to (–) image charge in y direction

Ey = cos90  cos  =  cos   r
40r 40r 4 r r 2   2 0
 
Ey = =
40 r   2 2 20


20 r 2   2
ADVES - 97

Electrostatics Exercise Solutions

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Electrostatics Exercise Solutions

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Electrostatics

q1 = 1 × 10–6C, q2 = 8 × 10–6C, q3 = 27 × 10–6C, ........................q20 = 203 × 10–6 C

kq0 q1 kq0q2 kq0 q20

kq1q2 9  109  (4  10–6 )2

From the given diagram,

Equating the forces on charge q placed at point ‘C’ we see,

The electric field cannot be zero in regions II and III

= [2000 î + 2000 ĵ + 1000 k̂ ] + [540 î + 720 k̂ ] = [2540 î + 2000 ĵ + 1720 k̂ ] N/C.

Using Gauss law,

Note : Solution is same as that of Question B - 10 part (ii)

C-5.  Work is path independent, so no use of point C.

(ii)  Electric field at point O :

2kq 2kq 4kq  1 

(i) Let the charge on inner sphere = q

 Against the field potential rises   VB – VA = E = 20 × 2 = 40 V

(a) V(x,y,z) – V(0, 0, 0) = – Ex   V – 0 = – 8x

(a) W elec = K = 4.5 × 10–5 J.

D-5. (a) Let minimum distance is r0 by

 by cons. of ME between  and point P :

E-2. The electrostatic potential energy of the system

Electrostatic potential energy of charge system

F-3. By energy conservation :

 V(3,3) – V(0,0)  –  (10iˆ  20ˆj).(dxiˆ  dyjˆ  dzk)

V(x, y, z) = –  (2x2 ˆi – 3y 2 ˆj).(dxiˆ  dyjˆ  dzk)

(ii) It can be shown in the form of dipoles as

H-3. Work done by external agent = q [Vfinal – Vinitial]

 Through the given volume : flux entering = flux coming out

Let us complete the sphere by drawing remaining hemisphere dotted as shown in

-5. Since : out = 2 in

From the given diagram :

(c) electric field at point 2 : -

(d) electric field at point 3 : -

 Charge on outer surface of leftmost plate is

 Qa + Qb = Qa + Qb ...........(1)

Let charge q appears on the inner shell after grounding

Charges are placed as shown on line AC.

B-6. Given diagram shows :

B-9. W = Fr cos    4 = (0.2) E (2) cos 60º  E = 20 N/C.

Let the two charges at A & B are separated by distance 2r.

kQ 9  109  1.5 10 –9

C-10. K.E. = VQ and momentum = 2m(KE)  2mVQ

C-13. The whole volume of a uniformly charged spherical shell is equipotential.

C-14. Potential at origin will be given by

D-2. By conservation of machenical energy

2 Kq2 2xkq2 xkq2

F-2. Let q is charge and a is radius of single drop. 

G-4. V = – Ex  Vx – 0 = – E0x. or Vx = – E0x.

Kqtotal (9  109 )  (1.11 1010 )

H-3. max = pE sin 90º = 10–6 × 2 × 10–2 × 1 × 105 N – m = 2 × 10–3 N-m

H-4. max PE  position of unstable equilibrium  =.

H-5. max  PE = 4 × 10–8 × 2 × 10–4 × 4 × 108

H-7. Force on one dipole due to another

H-8. Given system is equivalent to :

flux through differential element d = E0 x a dx.

From stage 1 to stage 2  enclosed charge is increasing means flux is increasing

Using Gauss's law for Gaussian surface shown in figure.

-11. For the closed surface made by disc and hemisphere

J-10. Potential of B = Potintial at the centre of B

Let the two charges are q & (20 – q)C

3. Attraction is possible between a charged and a neutral object.

4. There is no point near electric dipole having E = 0.

7. Lets take a small spherical element of thickness dr.

9. Comparison can be shown as :

10. Potential energy = – p1  E ; where, E = Electric field due to dipole p2.