GDQKZD O QMOHDF]G]DO

GDQKZDO Q MOHDF]G]DO DU]FDO

DU]FD O @MQMZDR
@ MQMZDRD
DXDO
BDRD
BDRDX HDZ]ZDX
HDZ]ZDX HMOBDO HIDBOKUD NMHIU
QMOYD@IX
QMOY D@IX LDOX]OB @KZKOMZ

Hisusuo Kgmf <

Qutri Doi M`d Qrdtiwi, U.@mp
OIN :151166

UM@KGDF XIOBBI IGN] @MUMFDXDO FDOB X]DF U]ZDJDYD

QZKHI QZKCMUI OMZU
:1:1/:1:4
 GMNJDZ QMOBMUDFDO

GDQKZD O QMOHDF]G]DO
GDQKZDO Q MOHDF]G]DO DU]FDO
DU]FD O @MQMZDR
@ MQMZDRD
DXDO
HMOBDO HIDBOKUD NMHIU QMOYD@IX
LDOX]OB @KZKOMZ

Nmobmtdfui,

Qmnjinjiob Gdfdo Qmnjinjiob Iostitusi

……………………………..…………………………….. Inrkdtug Cdrihd, U.@mp., Os., N.@mp.

N .@mp.
OIQ. OIQ.

@KOUMQ QMOYD@IX LDOX]OB @KZKOMZ

D. Qmobmrtido Qmoyd`it
Qmoyd`it Ldotuob @krkomr
@krkomr
Dnmriedo fmdrt dsskeidtiko (DFD), nmohmcioisi`do pmoyd`it ldotuob
`krkomr dhdgdf istigdf unun uotu` pmounpu`do pgd` hi drtmri ldotuob ydob
hdpdt nmoymjdj`do smrdobdo ldotuob.pmounpu`do
ldotuob.pmounpu`do pgd` pdhd drtmri `krkomr
ioi hismjut hmobdo dtmrks`gmrksis.
dtmrks`gmrksis. (DFD, :14: fdg<48)
Qmoyd`it ldotuob `krkomr (QL@) nmrupd`do `mdhddo hindod tmrldhi
pmoinjuodo
pmoinjuod o pgd` pmnjuguf hdrdf `krkomr.
`krkomr. Fdg ioi nmoymjdj`do drtmri
`krkomr nmoymnpit dtdu tmrsunjdt.drtmri `krkomr nmrupd`do drtmri ydob
nmoyupgdi hdrdf ktkt ldotuob hmobdo nmnjdwd k`sibmo ydob
jdoyd`
jdo yd`.tmr
.tmrhdpd
hdpdtt jmjmrdp
jmjmrdpd
d de
detkr
tkr nmnieu
nmnieu pmoyd`
pmoyd`it
it ioi, yditu<
yditu< bdyd
bdyd fihu
fihup,
p,
detkr bmomti`, usid hdo pmoyd`it pmotymrtd ydob gdio. (Okrfdsindf,:141< fdg
86)
J. Mtik
Mtikgk
gkbi
bi Qmoy
moyd`it
d`it Ld
Ldot
otuo
uobb @kr
@krko
komr
mr
Mtikgkbi pmoyd`it ldotuob `krkomr dhdgdf dhdoyd pmoymnpitdo,
pmoyunjdtdo, dtdu `mgdiodo pmnjuguf drtmri `krkomr. Qmoymnpitdo dtdu
pmoyunjdtdo pmnjuguf hdrdf tmrsmjut hdpdt nmobfmoti`do dgirdo hdrdf
`m ktkt ldotuob ydob smriob hitdohdi hmobdo oymri. Hdgdn `kohisi ydob pdrdf,

`mndnpudo ldotuob nmnknpd hdrdf hdpdt figdob. Fdg ioi hdpdt nmrusd`
sistm
sistmnn pmob
pmobko
kotr
trkg
kg irdn
irdnd d ld
ldot
otuo
uobb hdo
hdo jmjmrd
rd`f
`fir
ir hdo
hdo jmjmrrd`fi
d`firr hmob
hmobdo
do
`mndtido. (Fmrndwdtirisd,:148<fdg :)
Qmoymnpitdo hdo pmoyunjdtdo drtmri `krkomr hismjdj`do zdt gmnd`
`kgm
`k gmst
stmr
mrkg
kg hdo
hdo trib
tribgi
gism
smri
rihd
hd ydob
dob smnd
smnd`i`io
o gdnd
gdnd sm
smnd
nd`i
`ioo jd
jdoy
oyd`
d` hdo
hdo
nmounpu` hi jdwdf gdpisdo tmrhdgdn mohktfmgiun hdri hiohiob pmnjuguf
drtmri.
drtm ri. Fdg ioi hdpdt
hdpdt nmoymj
nmoymjdj`d
dj`doo dgirdo
dgirdo hdrdf
hdrdf `m ktkt ldotuob
ldotuob nmoldhi
nmoldhi
jmr`urd
jmr` urdob
ob dtdupuo
dtdupuo jmrfmoti,
jmrfmoti, smfiobbd
smfiobbd nmobbdob
nmobbdobbubu `mrld
`mrld ldotuob
ldotuob smjdbdi
smjdbdi
pmnknpd hdrdf. Mm` hkniodo hdri ldotuob `krkomr dhdgdf `mfigdobdo
k`sibmo hdo outrimot `m ldotuob `drmod dgirdo hdrdf `m ldotuob jmr`urdob.
Qmnjmotu`do pgd` gmnd` hdgdn drtmri nmnmobdrufi pmnjmotu`do jm`udo
dgirdo hdrdf ydob d`do nmohkrkob tmrldhioyd smrdobdo ldotuob. Qrksms
pmnjmotu`do pgd` ydob nmoymjdj`do
nmoymjdj`do pmrbmsmrdo
pmrbmsmrdo drtmri
drtmri tmrsmjut
hiodnd`do drtmriks`gmrksis. (Fmrndwdtirisd,
(Fmrndwdtirisd, :148<fdg :)
Dwdgoyd
Dw dgoyd pmoyd`it
pmoyd`it ldotuob hi nkokpkgi kgmf krdob tud. Odnuo, sddt ioi
dhd `memohmruobdo pmoyd`it ioi lubd hihmritd kgmf pdsimo hi jdwdf usid 81
tdfuo. Fdg ioi jidsd tmrldhi `drmod dhdoyd pmrbmsmrdo bdyd fihup, `kohisi
giob`uobdo hdo prkmsi ndsydrd`dt ydob nmnuoeug`do ‗trmo pmoyd`it„jdru
ydob jmrsidt hmbodrdti. Umlungdf prigd`u hdo bdyd fihup ydob hitmnui pdhd
ndsydrd`dt pmr`ktddo dotdrd gdio nmobkosunsi nd`dodo sidp sdli ydob
nmobdohuob `dhdr gmnd` lmouf tiobbi, `mjidsddo nmrk`k`, nioundo
jmrdg`kfkg, `mrld jmrgmjifdo, `urdob jmrkgdfrdbd, hdo strmss. (Fmrndwdtirisd,
:148<fdg :)

E. Qdtk
Qdtkci
cisi
sikg
kgkb
kbii Qmoyd
moyd`i
`itt Ld
Ldot
otuob
uob @krk
@krkom
omr
r
 Dtmrks`gmr
Dtmrks `gmrksis
ksis dtdu pmobmrd
pmobmrdsdo
sdo drtmri
drtmri dhdgdf
dhdgdf `kohisi
`kohisi pdhd drtmri
jmsdr hdo `meig ydob hitdohdi pmoinjuodo mohdpdo gmnd`, trknjksit,
omutrkcig, nkoksit hdo nd`rkdb hi smguruf `mhdgdndo tuoi`d iotind (gdpisdo
smg mohktmg), hdo d`firoyd `m tuoi`d nmhid (gdpisdo ktkt pkgks). Drtmri ydob
pdgiob smriob tmr`mod
tmr`mod dhdgdf drtmri `krkomr,
`krkomr, dkrtd hdo drtmri-drtmri smrmjmrdg.
(Drimsty, :144<fdg 3).
Gdob`df pmrtdnd hdgdn pmnjmotu`do dtmrks`gmrksis hinugdi hmobdo
hisuo
hisuobsi
bsi gdpisd
gdpisdo o mohkt
mohktmg
mg gu
gunmo
nmo drtmr
drtmri,
i, `kohi
`kohisi
si ioi hd
hdpdt
pdt tmrld
tmrldhi
hi smtmgd
smtmgdff
emhmrd
emhm rd pdhd smg mohktmg
mohktmg dtdu hdri stinugus gdio, emhmrd pdhd smg mohktmgmohktmg
nmoiob`dt`do pmrnmdjmgitds tmrfdhdp jmrjdbdi `knpkomo pgdsnd, tmrndsu`
dsdn gmnd` hdo tribgmsirihd, smfiobbd zdt ioi hdpdt ndsu` `mhdgdn drtmri,
k`sihdsi dsdn gmnd` nmobfdsig`do k`sibmo rdhi`dg jmjds ydob smgdolutoyd
hdpdt nmrusd` pmnjuguf hdrdf. (Drimsty, :144<fdg 3).
Emhmr
Emhmrdd pdhd
pdhd smg mohkt
mohktmg
mg hd
hdpdt
pdt nmoemt
nmoemtus`
us`do
do rmd`
rmd`si
si iocgdn
iocgdndsi
dsi hdo
inuo, tmrndsu` nmodri` smg hdrdf putif, tmrutdnd omutrkcig hdo nkoksit,
sm
smrt
rtd
d tr
trkn
knjkjksi
sitt `m dr
drmd
md em
emhm
hmrd
rd,, smg
smg hdr
hdrdf puti
putif
f nmgm
nmgmpd
pds`
s`do
do sisitk
tk`i
`io
o
prkiocgdndtkri pktmo ydob `mnuhido nmnpmrjuru` situdsi, nmodri` gmjif

jdoyd` smg hdrdf putif hdo trknjksit `m drmd gmsi, nmostinugdsi prksms
pmnjm`udo, nmobd`ticitds smg X hdo J, hdo nmgmpds`do smoydwd `inid ydob
jmrpmrdo smjdbdi efmnkdttrdetdot (pmodri` `inid) ydob nmobd`tic`do
si`gus iocgdndsi, pmnjm`udo
pmnjm`udo hdo cijrksis. Qdhd sddt hitdri` `m drmd emhmrd, sdg
hdrdf putif d`do nmomnpmg hisdod kgmf d`tivdsi d`tkr dhfmsi mohktmgidg
ydob jm`mrld smpmrti vmgerk smfiobbd mohktmg gmob`mt tmrutdnd tmrfdhdp smg
hdrdf putif, pdhd sddt nmomnpmg hi gdpisdo mohktmgidg, nkoksit hdo omutrkcig
nugdi jmrinibrdsi
jmrinibrdsi hi dotdrd
dotdrd smg-smg
smg-smg mohktmg
mohktmg `mrudob
`mrudob iotmrstisidg.
iotmrstisidg. Hi rudob
rudob
iotmrstisidg, nkoksit ydob ndtdob nmoldhi nd`rkdb hdo jmrsdnd omutrkcig
tmtdp
tmtdp nmgmpds`
nmgmpds`do do sitk`io,
sitk`io, ydob nmomrus`
nmomrus`do do si`gus
si`gus iocgdndsi
iocgdndsi.. Uitk`io
Uitk`io
prkiocgdndtkri
prkiocgdnd tkri lubd nmrdobsdo pgkrimrdsi
pgkrimrdsi smg
s mg ktkt pkgks ydob nmobd`ijdt`do
smg ktkt pkgks tunjuf hi tuoi`d iotind. (Drimsty, :144<fdg 3).
Umgdio itu `kgmstmrkg hdo gmnd` pgdsnd nmohdpdt d`sms `m tuoi`d
iotind `drmod pmrnmdjigitds gdpisdo mohktmg nmoiob`dt, pdhd tdfdp iohi`dsi
hioi `mrusd`do tmrdhdpdt gdpisdo gmnd` hidrtmri. Dpdjigd emhmrd hdo iocgdndsi
tmrus jmrgdolut, dbrmbdsi trknjksit nmoiob`dt hdo nugdi tmrjmotu` jm`udo
hdrdf (tknjus), smjdbido hiohiob pmnjuguf hibdoti hmobdo ldriobdo pdrut
smfiobbd
smfio bbd nmobujdf
nmobujdf stru`tur hiohiob
hiohiob pmnjuguf
pmnjuguf hdrdf,
hdrdf, fdsig
fdsig d`fir
d`fir dhdgdf
dhdgdf
pmoinjuodo `kgmstmrkg hdo gmnd`, pmnjmotu`do hmpksit ldriobdo pdrut,
pmnjmotu`do jm`udo ydob jmrdsdg hdri trknjksit hdo prkgimrdsi smg ktkt
pkgkss smfiobbd
pkgk smfiobbd pmnjugu
pmnjuguf f nmobdgdn
nmobdgdnii `m`d`ud
`m`d`udoo hdo nmoymn
nmoymnpit.
pit. Dpdjigd
Dpdjigd
`m`d`udo
`m`d`u do ioi hidgdni kgmf drtmri-drtmri
drtmri-drtmri `krkomr
`krkomr d`ijdt dtmrks`gmrksis
dtmrks`gmrksis hdo
tihd` hdpdt
hdpdt jmrhigdtd
jmrhigdtdsi
si smjdbdi
smjdbdi rmspko
rmspko tmrfdhd
tmrfdhdp
p pmoiob`d
pmoiob`dtdo
tdo `mjutuf
`mjutufdodo

k`sibmo,
k`sibmo, hdo `mnuhid
`mnuhido
o tmrldhi
tmrldhi is`mnid
is`mnid (`m`ur
(`m`urdobd
dobdo
o supgdi
supgdi hdrdf)
hdrdf)
 nik`drhiun hdo smg-smg nik`drhiun smfiobbd nmobbuod`do bgi`kgisis domrkj
nik`drhiun
uotu` nmnmoufi `mjutufdo momrbioyd. Qrksms pmnjmotu`do momrbi ioi
sdobdt tihd` mcisimo hdo nmoymjdj`do tmrjmotu`oyd
tmrjmotu`oyd dsdn gd`tdt smfiobd
nmouruo`do pF nik`drhiun hdo nmoymjdj`do oymri ydob jmr`ditdo hmobdo
dobiod pmetkris. @mti`d `m`urdobdo k`sibmo pdhd ldotuob hdo smg-smg ktkt
ldotuo
ldo tuobb jmr`m
jmr`mpdo
pdoldo
ldobdo
bdo hdo is`mni
is`mnid
d nik`dr
nik`drhh ydob
ydob tihd`
tihd` tmrtd
tmrtdsi
si nd`d
nd`d
tmrldh
tmrldhigd
igdf
f `m`mnd
ndtid
tidoo ktkt
ktkt ldotuo
ldotuobb ydob
ydob hi `modg
`modg smjdb
smjdbdi
di nik`dr
nik`drh h iodr`
iodr`..
Qdtkcisikgkbi Qmoyd`it Ldotuob @krkomr zdt ndsu` drtmri Drtmri Qrkiocgdndtkri
Qmrnmdjmgitds
Qmrnmdjm gitds Zmd`si iocgdndsi Emhmrd smg mohktmg Umg hdrdf putif nmomnpmg
hi drtmri inibrdsi `mrudob iotmrstisidg pmnjuguf `d`u & smnpit Dgirdo hdrdf
Qmnjmotu`do
Qmnjmotu` do Xrknjus
Xrknjus nkoksit nd`rkdb
nd`rkdb Gdpisdo gmnd` smg ktkt pkgks
tunjuf Oymri Dsdn gd`tdt tmrjmotu` NEI @mndtido. (Drimsty, :144<fdg 3).

H. Ndoi
Ndoim
mst
stds
dsii @gio
@giois
is Qmo
Qmoydyd`i
`itt Ldot
Ldotuo
uobb @kr
@krko
komr
mr
Nmourut, Fmrndwdtirisd :148 < fdg 5, Bmldgd pmoyd`it ldotuob `krkomr
4. Xinjug
Xinjugoy oyd
d rdsd
rdsd oymri
oymri hi hdh
hdhdd (Dobi
(Dobiod
od Qmet
Qmetkri
kris)
s)
:. Ums
msd
d` od
oddds ((H
Hispo
ispommd)
5. @mdom
mdomfdfdoo pdh
pdhd d irdn
irdn hmoy
hmoyut ut ld
ldot
otuo
uob
b
8. Qusiob
=. Zdsd
dsd gmg
gmgdf
df jmr`
jmr`mpmpdo
dold
ldob
obdodo
3. Ud`it
d`it pmru
pmrut,
t, nudg
nudg hdo
hdo nuo
nuotd
tdf
f
 Qmoyd`it ldotuob `krkomr hdpdt nmnjmri`do ndoimstdsi `giois ydob
jmrjmhd-j
jmrj mhd-jmhd.
mhd. ]otu`
]otu` nmomotu`
nmomotu`do do ndoimstds
ndoimstdsii `gioisoyd
`gioisoyd pmrgu
pmrgu nmgd`u`
nmgd`u`do
do
pmnmri`sddo ydob sm`sdnd. Hmobdo nmnpmrfdti`do `giois pmohmritd, riwdydt
pmrldgdodo pmoyd`it, pmnmri`sddo cisi`, mgm`trk`drhikbrdci sddt istirdfdt, ktk
hdhd, pmnmri`sddo mozin ldotuob hdpdt nmnjmhd`do sujsmt `giois QL@.
M. @gds
@gdsic
ici`
i`ds
dsii Q
Qmo
moyyd`it
d`it Ldo
Ldotu
tuob
ob @kr
@krko
komr
mr
Cd`tkr risi`k tmrldhioyd pmoyd`it ldotuob dotdrd gdio 0
Fipmrgipihmni, Fipmrtmosi, Nmrk`k`, Hidjmtms nmggitus, `urdob d`ticitds cisi`,
Utrmss, Lmois @mgdnio, Kjmsitds hdo Bmomti`.
@gdsici`dsi QL@ < (Qutrd U, h``, :145< fdg 8)
4. Dobiod
Dobiod Qm`tkr
Qm`tkris
is Utdjig
Utdjig/Utd
/Utdjgm
jgm Dobiod
Dobiod Qmetkr
Qmetkris
is
Qmoyd`it Is`mni` hismjdj`do `mtihd`sminjdobdo dotdrd `mjutufdo
hdo supgdi k`sibmo nik`drh. Hi tdohdi kgmf rdsd oymri ydob tmrldhi li`d
`mjutufdo k`sibmo nik`drhiun nmgmjifi supgdioyd. Is`mnid Nik`drh
hdpdt jmrsidt dsintkndtis (Is`mnid Uuoyi/Uigmot Isefmnid), tmrutdnd
pdhd pdsimo hidjmtms.6 Qmoyd`it ioi siohrkn `giois mpiskhi` `drmod
Is`mnid Ni k`drh trdosimo. Gd`i-gd`i nmrupd`do 21% hdri pdsimo

hmobdo Dobiod Qm`tkris hdo jdf`do smjdbido jmsdr nmoymrdob pdhd

gd`i-gd`i ´=1 tdfuo hdo wdoitd 31 tdfuo.
:. Dobiod
Dobiod Qm`tkri
Qm`tkriss Xihd` Utdjig
Utdjig/]os
/]ostdjgm
tdjgm Dobiod
Dobiod Qmetk
Qmetkris
ris
Uiohrknd `giois oymri hdhd ydob smjdbido jmsdr hismjdj`do kgmf hisrupsi
pgd` dtmrks`mgrkti` hdo hii`uti `ds`dhm prksms pdtkgkbis ydob nmouruo`do
dgirdo hdrdf `krkomr,
`krkomr, hitdohdi hmobdo pmoiob`dtdo rm`umosi, iotmositds
iotmosit ds
dtdu gdnd oymri, Dobiod tinjug pdhd sddt nmgd`u`do d`tivitds riobdo dtdu
istirdfdt, tdopd tmrju`ti dhdoyd om`rksis Nik`drh.
Nik`drh.
d. Xmrldhi sddt istirdfdt (hmobdo tmodbd nioindg) jidsdoyd
jmrgdobsuob? 41 nmoit.
j. Uuhdf
Uuhdf pdrdf
pdrdf hdo kosmt
kosmt jdru (hdgdn
(hdgdn 8-3 niobbu
niobbu smjmgun
smjmgunoy
oyd),
d), hdo
hdo
e. Xmrldhi
mrldhi hmobdo
hmobdo pkgd ermsemoh
ermsemohkk (lmgds
(lmgds gmjif
gmjif jmrd
jmrdt,
t, jmr`mp
jmr`mpdoldo
doldobdo
bdo,,

dtdu smriob hdri smjmgunoyd).

5. Dobiod
Dobiod Sdr
drido
ido Qrioz
Qrioznmt
nmtdg
dg
Drtmri `krkomr jisd nmoldhi `mldob, ydob nmobbdobbu dgirdo hdrdf `m ktkt
ldotuob (Is`mnid). Ioi tmrldhi pdhd krdob
krdob tdopd pmoyd`it
pmoyd`it drtmri `krkomr
`krkomr ydob
siboici`do, Odnuo hud pmrtibd hdri krdob hmobdo Dobiod Sdrido nmnpuoydi
pmoyd`it pdrdf hdgdn pdgiob smhi`it sdtu pmnjuguf, hdo `m`mldobdo tmrldhi
pdhd tmnpdt pmoyunjdtdo. Xipm Dobiod ioi tihd` unun hdo fdnpir smgdgu
tmrldhi
tmrldhi jigd smkrdob
smkrdob jmristir
jmristirdfdt
dfdt - smwd`tu
smwd`tu tihur
tihur. Dohd nmnpuo
nmnpuoydiydi risi`k
risi`k
nmoiob`d
nmoi ob`dtt uotu`
uotu` `mldob
`mldob `krkomr
`krkomr li`d dohd nmnpuo
nmnpuoydi
ydi < pmoyd`
pmoyd`it
it drtmri
drtmri
`krkomrr ydob nmohdsdri, nmrk`k`, dtdu nmobbuod`do kjdt pmrdobsdob
`krkom pmrdobsdob dtdu
kjdt tmrgdrdob (smpmrti `k`dio). Li`d `mldob drtmri nmoldhi pdrdf hdo tmrldhi
uotu` ldob`d wd`tu pdoldob, smrdobdo ldotuob jisd tmrldhi.
8. Iodr`
Iodr` Nik`drh
Nik`drh D`ut/D
D`ut/Deutm
eutm Nykedr
Nykedrhidg
hidg Iodret
Iodretiko
iko
Om`rksis Nik`drh D`ut d`ijdt bdobbudo dgirdo hdrdf drtmri `krkodrid ydob
 jmrnd`od, smjdbdi d`ijdt k`gusi drtmri `krkodrid `drmod trknjus dtdu
spdsnm fmjdt ydob jmrgdobsu
jmrgdobsuob
ob gdnd. Iodr` Nik`drh tmrjdbi : <
d. Oko
Oko UX Mgmvd
Mgmvdsi
si Nik`
Nik`dr
drhid
hidgg Iod
Iodr`
r` (OU
(OUXMN
XMNI)
I)
j. UX Mgmvd
Mgmvdsi
si Nik`
Nik`dr
drhid
hidgg Iod
Iodr`
r` (UXMN
(UXMNI)I)
C. @knp
@knpgi
gi`d
`dsi
si Qmoy
moyd`it
d`it Ld
Ldot
otuo
uobb @kr
@krko komrmr
Nmourut, (@dri`dturilk, :141< fdg 44 ) @knpgi`dsi QL@ Dhdpuo `knpgi`dsi
QL@ dhdgdf<
4. Hisuobsi vmotrieugdr
:. Dritnid pdsed UXMNI
5. Bdobbudo fmnkhiodni`
8. M`st
M`strrds
dsis
istk
tkgg vmo
vmotr
tri`
i`mg
mg UiUioh
ohrk
rknd
nd @krko
krkomr
mr D`ut
D`ut Mgmv
Mgmvds
dsii UX
UX Xdo
Xdopd
pd
Mgmvdsi UX Iodr` nik`drh Dobiod td` stdjig
=. Xd`i`
d`i`ddrhi hd
hdo cij
cijri
riggds
dsii dtr
dtriu
iunn hdo
hdo vmot
motri`
ri`mg
3. Uyk` `drhikbmoi`
2. Bdbdg ldotuob `kobmsti
6. Qmri`drhitis
9. @mndt
mndtidido
o nmoh
nmohdh dhd`
d` (@
(@drdri`
i`dt
dtur
uril
ilk,
k, :141
:141<< fdg
fdg 44 ).

B. 4Q.mnmri`Msgm
d`
do
gm` trkQ`mdoruol
trk uo
hiklbr
hik dodbci (M
brd (M@B),
B), nmnj
nmnjdo dotu
tu nm
nmomo
omotutu``do drmd
drmd ldo
ldotu
tuo
ob hdo
hdo
drtmri `krkomr ndod ydob tmrgijdt
:. M`k`drhikbrdci, nmouolu``do `mdjokrndgdo pmrbmrd`do hiohiob
vmotri`ugdr hdo nmohmtm`si ruptur ktkt pdpigmr dtdu smptdg
5. Zdob
dob`did idoo `dh
`dhdr mo mozin `dr
`drh hid
id` ` hdo
hdo prk
prktmio
mio, nmou
nmouol olu
u``d
``do `mo
`modidi``do
`fds pdhd E@ ― NJ, prktmio trkpkoio X hdo I smrtd nikbgkjio
8. Ui
Uiod
odrr V hdhd
hdhd,, nmo
nmouo uolu
lu``
``dodo bd
bdbdbdgg ldo
ldotu
tuob
ob si
sisi
si `i
`iri
ri,, `
`dr
drhi
hikn
knmbmbdg
dgii dtd
dtdu
u
pmoymjdj oko `drhid` gdio tmrfdhdp hispomd smrtd oymri hi hdhd
=. M`k`dr drhi
hikkbr
brd
dci trdo
trdosm
smsk
skdb
dbm
mdg
dg,, nmnp
mnpmrgi
mrgif
fdt`
t`do
do drmd jmr` mr`urdobo
oboyd
pmrbmrd`do
pmrbmrd `do hiohiob ktkt ldotuob ydob nmobiohi`dsi`do is`mnid
3. Uedo
edo eit
eitrrd ou
ou`gigirr nm
nmobbu
obbuo od`do
d`do tf tfdg
dggi
giu
un :1:14 dtd
dtdu
u tme
tmef
fomtiu
mtiun
n 99
99 n,n,
uotu` nmobihmotici`dsi drmd iodr`si hdo smg ktkt ydob d`ti
2. Qmob
mobuli
lido
do gd
gdjkr
jkrdtkris,
ris, nm
nmnpmr
pmrgi
gif
fdt`
t`do
do lu
lungd
ngdf smg
smg hdr
hdrdf puti
putif
f ydo
ydob
nmoiob`dt hdo tiob`dt smhinmotdsi mritrksit jmrujdf hdgdn tiob`dt
mgm`trkgit ydob odi`0
6. @dt
@dtmtmr
mtmris
isds
dsii `dr
`drhi
hid`
d`,, uot
uotu`
u` nmob
nmobmtmtdf
dfui
ui dr
drtm
tmri
ri `kr
`krko
komrmr ydo
dob
b tm
tmrgij
rgijdt
dt,,
nmnjmri`do iokrndsi nmobmodi uobsi vmotri`ugdr
vmotri`ugdr srtd tm`dodo hdo
vkgunm hihdgdn ldotuob.
F. Qmodtdgd`sdoddo
Qriosip unun <
4. Nmobmnjd
Nmobmnjdgi`do
gi`do dgirdo
dgirdo hdrdf
hdrdf `krkomr
`krkomr hmobdo
hmobdo trknjkgi
trknjkgiti`/
ti`/ QXED
QXED prinmr
uotu` nmoymgdndt`do ktk ldotuob hdri iodr` nik`drh
:. Nmnjd
Nmnjdtds
tdsii gudsoy
gudsoyd d iodr`
iodr` nik`
nik`dr
drh
h
5. Nmnp
Nmnpmrt
mrtdfd
dfdo`d
o`do o uobs
uobsii ldotuo
ldotuob b
8. Nmnpmrg
Nmnpmrgdnjd
dnjdtt dtdu nmobfmo
nmobfmoti`dti`doo prkbrmsici
prkbrmsicitdstds pmoyd`
pmoyd`it
it
=. Nmnp
Nmnpmrj
mrjdi`
di`ii `udg
`udgitd
itdss fihup
fihup hm hmobd
obdoo nmobu
nmoburd rdobi
obi rm`
rm`umo
umosi
si smrdob
smrdobdo
do
dobiod
3. Nmobur
Nmoburdobi
dobi dtdu
dtdu nmoembdf
nmoembdf iodr`
iodr` nik`dr
nik`drh h hdo `mndtido
`mndtido nmohdh
nmohdhd`.
d`.
d. Xmrdpi
dpi Dw
Dwdg
Hdgdn 41 nmoit pmrtdnd fdrus smgmsdi higd`sdod`do dhdgdf smjdbdi
jmri`ut<
4) Qmnmri`sddo
Qmnmri`sddo `giois`giois hdo pmoigdido rm`dndo
rm`dndo M@B
M@B 4: sdhdpdo,
:) Qmri`sd
Qmri`sd mozin
mozin ldotuob
ldotuob E@/E@NJ
E@/E@NJ dtdu dtdu E@NJ/eX
E@NJ/eXoX oX
5) K`sibmodsi < Gdob`df ioi smbmrd higd`u`do
`drm
`drmodod hdpd
hdpdtt nmnp
nmnpmr mrjd
jdi`
i`ii `m`u
`m`urdrdob
obdo
do k`si
k`sibm
bmoo pdhd
pdhd
nik`drh ydob nmobdgdni emhmrd smrtd nmouruo`do nmouruo`do jmrdtoyd
UX-mgmvd
UX -mgmvdsi.
si. Ioi higd`u`do sdnpdi hmobdo pdsimo stdjig hmobdo
gmvmg k`sibmo :―5 gitmr/ nmoit smedrd s medrd `doug fihuob.
8) Oitrkbgismrio (OXB) < @kotrdiohi`dsi jigd XH
sist
sistkkgi
gi`
` 7 91 nnFb nnFb), ), jrdh
jrdhi` i`dr
drhi
hid
d (7 =1 `dgi/ dgi/nm
nmoi
oit)
t),,

td`i`drhid. Nugd-nugd smedrd sujgiobudg (UG) (1,5 ― 1,3 nb ),

dtdu dmrkskg sprdy. Li`d sd`it hdhd tmtdp dhd smtmgdf 5x OXB
smti
smtidp
dp = nmoi nmoitt higd
higdol
olut
ut`d
`do
o hmob
hmobdo do hrip
hrip ioiotr
trd
dvmod
vmod =―41
=―41
ub/nmoit (ldobdo gmjif :11 ub/nmoit) hdo tm`dodo hdrdf
sistk
sistkgi`
gi` ldobd
ldobdo o `urd
`urdobob hdhdri
ri 411 nnFb.
nnFb. Ndo
Ndoddtddtoy
oydd idgdf
idgdf
nmnpmrjdi`i pmobirindo k`sibmo `m nik`drh0 nmouruo`do
`m
`mjut
jutufufdo
do k`sib
k`sibmo
mo hi nik`d
nik`drh
rh00 nmouru
nmouruo`d
o`doo jmjdo
jmjdo dwdg
dwdg
(prmgkd
(pr mgkdh)h) smfiobbd
smfiobbd nmobujdf
nmobujdf tmbdobd
tmbdobdo o hiohiob
hiohiob vmotri`
vmotri`mg0
mg0
higd
higdtd
tdsi
si dr drtm
tmri
ri `krk
`krkomomrr jmsd
jmsdrr hdo
hdo nmnp
nmnpmr mrjdjdi`
i`ii dgir
dgirdo
do
`kgdt
kgdtmr
mrdg
dg00 smrt
smrtdd nmob
nmobfd fdnj
njdt
dt dbrdbrmbds
mbdsii pg
pgdt
dtmg
mgmt
mt (nds
(ndsifif
nmoldhi pmrtdoyddo).
=) Nkrpfiom < Kjdt ioi jmrndoddt uotu`
nmoburd
nmob urdobi
obi `memndsdo
`memndsdo hdo `mbmgisd
`mbmgisdfdo0
fdo0 nmoburd
nmoburdobi obi rdsd
sd`it
sd` it d`ijd
d`ijdtt is`mni
is`mnid0 d0 nmoiob
nmoiob`d`dt`d
t`do
o vmoku
vmokuss edpdei
edpdeitdotdoem0
em0
nmou
nm ouru
ruo`o`do
do td tdf
fdodo
dodo pmnjpmnjuguguf
uf sisist
stmn
mni`
i`00 smsmrt
rtdd odhi
odhi
nmouruo hdo tm`dodo hdrdf lubd nmouruo, smfiobbd prmgkdh
hdo dtmr gkdh nmouruo, jmjdo nik`drh jmr`urdob, pdsimo
tmod
tmodobob tihd`
tihd` `m
`msd`
sd`itd
itdo.
o. Hksis
Hksis : ― 8 nb iotrdiotrdvmvmod
od sdnjig
sdnjig
nmnpmrfdti`do mm` sdnpiob nudg, jrdhi`drhi, hdo hmprmsi
pmrodpdsdo.. Hdpdt hiugdob tidp = nmoit sdnpdi hksis tktdg :1
pmrodpdsdo
nb dtdu pmtihio :=-=1 nb iotrdvmod dtdu trdndhkg :=-=1 nb
iv
3) Dspirio < Fdrus hijmri`do `mpdhd smnud

pdsimo siohrkn `krkomr d`ut li`d tihd` dhd `kotrdiohi`dsi

 (ug`us bdstmr
(ug`us bdstmr,, dsnd jrko`idg
jrko`idg).
). Mm`oy
Mm`oyd d idgd
idgdf
f nmobfdnj
nmobfdnjdt dt
si`gkk`sibmodsm ―4 hdgdn pgdtmgmt hdo nmoem embbdf
pmnjmo
njmotu tu`
`do trk
trknjk`
jk`sdo
sdo-D:.
D:. @mhud fdg tmrsm
rsmjut
jut
nmoymjdj`do dbrmbdsi pgdtmgmt hdo `kostri`si drtmridg. Hksis
ydob hidolur`do idgdf 431―5:= nb pmrfdri, hdo djskrpsioyd
gmjif jdi` "efmwdjgm" hdri pdhd tdjgmt. Dspirio suppksitkrid
(5:=
(5:= nb)
nb) hdpd
hdpdtt hijm
hijmri
ri`d
`do
o pdhd
pdhd pdsim
pdsimo o ydob
ydob nudg
nudg dt dtdu
du
nuotdf.
2) Dotitrknjkgiti` gdio < Egkpihkbrmg, Xiegkpihiom<
hmri
hm rivd
vdtt tiok
tiokpi
piri
rihi
hio
o ioi
ioi nmob
nmobfd
fdnj
njdt
dt dbrdbrmbds
mbdsii pgpgdt
dtmg
mgmt
mt,,
nmnp
nm npmrmrpd
pdol
oldo
dobb wd` d`tu
tu pmrh
pmrhdr
drdf
dfdo
do,, hdo
hdo nmou
nmouru ruo`
o`do
do
vi
vis`
s`kksitd
sitdss hdr
hdrdf hmob
hmobdodo edr
edrd nmob
nmobfdfdnj
njdtdt d`d`si
si DHQ
DHQ
(dhmoksi
(dh moksiomom hipfkspf
hipfkspfdtm)
dtm) pdhd rmsmptk
rmsmptkrr pgdtmgmt.
pgdtmgmt.,, smfiobbd
smfiobbd
nmouruo`
nmou ruo`dodo `mldhido
`mldhido is`mni.
is`mni. Xiegkpihio
Xiegkpihio jmrnd`od
jmrnd`od hdgdnhdgdn
nmouruo`
nmou ruo`dodo 83% `mndtido
`mndtido vds`ug
vds`ugdr
dr hdo okodtdg
okodtdg iodr`
iodr`
nik`drh. Hdpdt hi`knjiodsi hmobdo Dspirio uotu` prmvmosi
trknj
trknjksi
ksiss hdo is`mni
is`mnid d jmrug
jmrugdob
dob pdpdhd
hd pd pdsim
simoo ydob
ydob tmgdf
tmgdf

nmobdgdni inpgdotdsi stmot s tmot `krkomr.

`krkomr. Qdhd pmndsdobdo stmot
`krko
`krkomr mr hdpdt
hdpdt nmnieu
nmnieu tmrldhio
tmrldhioydyd trknjks
trknjksis, is, tmtdpi
tmtdpi hdpdt
hdpdt
hiem
hiembd
bdff hmob
hmobdodo pmnj
pmnjmr mridido
o Dspi
Dspiri
rio
o hksi
hksiss rmoh
rmohdf
df (411
(411
nb/fdri) jmrsdnd Xiegkpihiom :x :=1 nb/fdri. Ekgknjk h``.
nmnpm
nm npmrkrkgmf
gmf fdfdsig
sig ydob
ydob jdi`jdi` hmobd
hmobdo o nmouru
nmouruoo ooyd
yd risi`k
risi`k
trknjksis tmrsmjut hdri 8,=% nmoldhi 4,5%, hdo
nmouruooyd `knpgi`dsi pmrhdrdfdo hdri 41―43% nmoldhi
1,:―=,=%:4. Odnuo, pmrgu hidndti mm` sdnpiob omtrkpmoid
hd
hdoo trknj
trknjksi
ksitk
tkpmo
pmoidid (nms`i
(nms`ipuo puo ldrdob
ldrdob)) sdnpdi
sdnpdi hmobd
hmobdo o
hdpdt tmrldhi purpurd trknjkti` trknjksitkpmoid smfiobbd
pmrgu mvdgudsi fituob smg hdrdf gmob`dp pdhd niobbu II ― III.
Egkpi
gkpihk
hkbr
brmg
mg sd sdnd
nd m mm`
m`titio
oy
yd hmob
hmobdodo XiegXiegkp
kpih
ihio
iom
m jigd
jigd
hi`k
hi`knjnjioiods
dsii hmob
hmobdodo Dspi
Dspiri rio,
o, odnu
odnuo o tihd
tihd`` dhd
dhd `krm
`krmgdgdsi
si
hmobdo omtrkpmoid hdo gmjif rmohdf `knpgi`dsi
bdstrkiotmstiodgoyd jigd hijdohiob Dspirio, nms`ipuo tihd`
tmrgmpd
tmr gmpdss hdri dhdoyd
dhdoyd risi`k
risi`k pmrhdr
pmrhdrdfd
dfdo.o. Hihdpdt`
Hihdpdt`do do smtidp
smtidp
4.11
4.111 1 pdsi
pdsimo
mo U@D
U@D ydob
ydob hijmhijmri
ri`d
`doo Egkp
Egkpihihkb
kbrm
rmg,
g, 3 krkrdo
dobb
nmnju
nm njutuftuf`d
`doo trdo
trdousi
usi hdrdf
hdrdf 42,::
42,::.. Egkpih
Egkpihkbrkbrmg
mg 4 x 2=
nb/fdri pmrkrdg, empdt hidjskrjsi hdo nugdi jmrd`si smjdbdi
dotipgdtmgmt dbrmbdsi hdgdn : ldn smtmgdf pmnjmrido kjdt hdo
81―31% iofijisi hiedpdi hdgdn 5―2 fdri. Qmomgitido EDQZIM
(Egkpihkbrmg vs DUD io Qdtimots dt Zis` k Isefmnie Mvmots)
nmoyinp
nmo yinpug`d
ug`doo jdfwd
jdfwd Egkpihkbr
Egkpihkbrmg mg smedrd
smedrd jmrnd`od
jmrnd`od gmjif

m
mm`t
m`ti
i hd
hdrip
ripdh
dhd
d DUD
DUD uotu`
uotu` pmoemb
pmoembdf
dfdo
do `mldh
`mldhido
ido is`mni
is`mni
 pmnjuguf hdrdf (IND, strk`m) pdhd dtmrks`gmrksis (Qrkhuet
Nkokbrdpf Omw Qgdvix).
j. Xmrdpi
mrdpi gdolutdo
gdolutdo (Zmpmru
(Zmpmrusi)
si) < higd`u`do
higd`u`do kgmf ydob
ydob jmr`knpm
jmr`knpmtmo
tmo hdo
hdgdn pmobdwdsdo `mtdt hi IEE]
4) Xrknjkgiti`
Qmomgitido nmouolu`do jdfwd smedrd bdris jmsdr smnud kjdt
trknjkg
trknjkgiti`
iti` jmrndo
jmrndoddt.X
ddt.Xrkn
rknjkgit
jkgiti`
i` dwdg
dwdg (`urdob
(`urdob hdri 3
ldn) hmobdo strptk`iodsm dtdu tissum Qgdsniokbmo Detivdtkr
(t-Q
(t-QD)
D) tmgmgdf
df tm
tmrj
rju`
u`ti
ti sm
smed
edrd
rd jmrn
jmrnd`d`od
od nmob
nmobfd
fdnj
njdt
dt
pmrgudsdo iodr`, nmouruo`do nkrtdgitds hdo nmnpmrjdi`i
uobsi vmotri`mg `iri.
Iohi`dsi <
d) ]nur
nur 7 21 td
tdfufuo
o
j) Oymri
Oymri hdhd
hdhd `fds iodr`,
iodr`, gmjif
gmjif hdri
hdri :1 nmoit hdo
hdo tihd`
figdob hmobdo pmnjmrido oitrdt.
e) Mgmvdsi
Mgmvdsi UX
UX gmjif hdri
hdri 4 nn sm`ur
sm`urdob-`
dob-`urd
urdobo
oboyd
yd pdhd
pdhd
: sdhdpdo M@B

Ud
Uddt
dt io
ioii dhd
dhd jmjmjmjmrd
rdpd
pd nded
ndedn n kjdtjdt trkn
trknjkjkgi
gisi
siss ydi
ditu
tu
strmptk
strmptk`iods
`iodsm,m, urk`iods
urk`iodsm, m, d`tivdt
d`tivdtkr
kr pgdsniokb
pgdsniokbmo mo ldriobdo
ldriobdo
ydob
ydo b hirm
hirm`kn
`knjiod
jiodsi
si (r-XQ
(r-XQD)
D) hdo doiskgdtm
doiskgdtmhh pgdsniokb
pgdsniokbmo mo
detivdtkr eknpgmx (DUQDE).Ydob tmrhdpdt hi Iohkomsid fdoyd
strmptk`iodsm hdo r-XQD.Z-XQD ioi jm`mrld gmjif spmsici` pdhd
cijrio hijdohiob`do strmptk`iodsm hdo wd`tu pdrufoyd pdrufoyd gmjif
pmohm`.
@kotrdiohi`dsi <
d) Qmrhdr
Qmrhdrdfdo
dfdo d`ti
d`ti krbd
krbdoo hdgdn
hdgdn
j) Qmr`
Qmr`ird
irddo
do hism`
hism`sisi dkrtd
dkrtd
e) Zmsusitd
Zmsusitdsi si `drhik
`drhik pugnkod
pugnkodgg ydob
ydob jmr`mpdo
jmr`mpdoldobd
ldobdo o hdo
trdundtie
h) Xrdun
rdund d `mpdg
mpdgdd yd
ydob
ob jdjdru
ru dt
dtdu
du dhdo
dhdoydyd omkp
omkpgd gdsn
sndd
iotrderdoidg
m) Hidjmtie
Hidjmtie fmnkrrf
fmnkrrfdbm dbm rmtiokpd
rmtiokpdtfy
tfy
) @mfdnigdo
b) XH ? :11:11/4/4:1
:1 nnFb
nnFb
f) Xmgdf nmohdpdt
nmohdpdt strmptk`iodsm
strmptk`iodsm hdgdn
hdgdn ldob`d
ldob`d wd`tu
wd`tu 4:4:
jugdo
:) Doti`
Doti`kdb
kdbugugdo
do hd
hdoo doti
dotipgd
pgdtmtmgmt
gmt
Jmjm
Jm jmrd
rdpd
pd fdri
fdri sm smtm
tmgd
gdf
f smr
smrdobd
dobdoo IND,
IND, tmrh
tmrhdpdpdt
dt
pmoiob`dtdo rmsi`k uotu` tmrldhi trknjkmnjkgi
trknjkmnjkgi hdo rmiodr`
smfiobbd pmrgu hijmri`do kjdt-kjdtdo pmoembdf.Fmpdrio
pmoembdf.Fmpdrio hdo

Dspiri
Dspirio
o rm
rmm
mru
rusik
siko
o trids
trids nmouol
nmouolu``
u``do
do jdfwd
jdfwd fmpd
fmpdrio
rio
 (iotrdv
(iotr dvmod
mod)) hijmri
hijmri`do
`do smbmr
smbmrd d smtmgd
smtmgdff trkn
trknjkg
jkgiti
iti`
` hdhdpdt
pdt
nmnpmr
nmn pmrtdf
tdfdo`
do`do
do pktmos
pktmosii hdri
hdri drtmri
drtmri ydob
ydob jmrfu
jmrfujuojuobd
bdo o
hmobdo iodr`.
Qdhd ious iotrdvmod uotu` krdob hmwdsd fmpdrio
:1.111-81.111 uoit higdrut`do hdgdn 4 gitmr gdrutdo bgu`ksd
=% dtdu
dtdu OdEg
OdEg 1,9%
1,9% hd
hdoo hijmri
hijmri`do
`do hdgdn
hdgdn :8 ldn.
ldn. ]otu`
]otu`
nmnpmr
nmn pmremp
empdt
dt m
mm`,
m`, hidolu
hidolur`r`do
do nmodnj
nmodnjdf df`do
`do =11=11 uoit
uoit
io
iottrdvmod gd
gdo
obs
bsu
uob smjm
smjmgguno
noyyd.@
.@m
mem
emppdt
dtdo
do io
ious
jmrhdsdr`do pdhd oigdi DQXX (Detivdtmh Qdrtidg
Xfrknjk
Xfr knjkpgds
pgdstio
tio Xinm).@
Xinm).@knpg
knpgi`ds
i`dsii pmrhdr
pmrhdrdfdo
dfdo ununoy
ununoyd d
gmjif ldrdob tmrldhi hijdohiob`do hmobdo pmnjmrido smedrd
iotmrnitmo.
I. @kosmp Dsufdo @mpmr
mpmrd dwdtdo
4. Qmob`dlido
d. Ihmotitds
Nmgiputi odnd pdsimo, unur, lmois `mgdnio, su`u jdobsd,
pm`mrld
pm` mrlddo,
do, pmohihi`
pmohihi`do,
do, dgdndt,
dgdndt, tdobbdg
tdobbdg NZU hdo hidboksd
hidboksd

nmhis. (Rdotiydf,:141< fdg 42)

j. @mg
mguf
ufdo
do ]td
]tdnd
nd
Qdsimo pl` jidsdoyd nmrdsd`do oymri hdhd hdo hdpdt higd`u`do
hmobdo s`dgd oymri 1-41, 1 tihd` oymri hdo 41 oymri pdgiob tiobbi.
Qmobd`d
Qmo bd`dlido
lido oymri
oymri smedrd
smedrd nmohdgdn
nmohdgdn nmobbuod
nmobbuod`do`do pmohm`dt
pmohm`dtdo
do
QTZUX,, nmgiputi prmpitdsi hdo pmoymnjuf, `udgitds hdo `udtitds,
QTZUX
iotmositds,hurdsi,gk`dsi,rdhidsi/pmoymjdrdo,kosmt.(Rdotiydf,:141<
fdg 46)
e. Ziwd
Ziwdyd
ydtt @ms
@msmf
mfdt
dtdo
do Gdg
Gdgu
u
Hdgdn fdg ioi ydob pmrgu hi`dli dtdu hi tdoyd`do pdhd `gimo dotdrd
gdio dpd`df `gimo pmrodf nmohmritd fipmrtmosi dtdu hidjmtms
niggitus, iodr` nik`drh dtdu pmoyd`it ldotuob `krkomr itu smohiri
smjmgunoyd. Umrtd hitdoyd`do dpd`df pmrodf NZU smjmgunoyd.
(Rdotiydf,:141< fdg 42)
h. Zi
Ziwd
wdydt
ydt @msmfd
@msmfdtdo
tdo Um`d
Um`drd
rdob
ob
Hdgdn nmob`dli fdg ioi nmobbuod`do dodgisd systkn QTZUX.
]otu` nmnjdotu `gimo hdgdn nmobutdnd`do ndsdgdf `mgudooyd
smedrd gmob`dp. Qdhd `gimo QL@ ununoyd nmobdgdni oymri hdhd.
(Rdotiydf,:141< fdg 46)
m. Zi
Ziwd
wdydt
ydt @msmfd
@msmfdtdo
tdo @mgudr
@mgudrbd
bd
Nmob`dli
Nmob` dli pdhd
pdhd `mgudr
`mgudrbd
bd,, dpd`df
dpd`df hihdgd
hihdgdnn `mgud
`mgudrb
rbd
d dh
dhd
d ydydob
ob
nmohmritd
nmoh mritd pmoyd`
pmoyd`it
it ldotuob
ldotuob `krkomr
`krkomr.. Ziwdyd
Ziwdydtt pmohmritd
pmohmritd QL@
ununoyd
ununoy d nmwdrisi lubd d`tkr-d`tkr risi`k gdiooyd, smpmrti
djokrndg `dhdr `kgmstrkg, hdo pmoiob`dtdo tm`dodo hdrdf.
(D.Cduzi Ydfyd :141< fdg :6)
. Ziw
Ziwdydt
ydt Qs
Qsi`
i`ks
ksks
ksid
idgg
 Qdhd `gimo QL@ jidsdoyd ydob nuoeug pdhd `gimo hmobdo pmoyd`it
ldotuob `krkomr dhdgdf nmoydob`dg, td`ut, emnds, hdo ndrdf,
`mtm
`mtmrb
rbdo
dotu
tuob
obdo
do,, hm
hmpr
prms
msii hd
hdo
o pmom
pmomrirind
nddo
do rmdg
rmdgis
isti
tis.
s.
(Rdotiydf,:141< fdg 46)
b. Qkgd
Qkgd D`ti
D`tivi
vitd
tdss hdo Gdt
Gdtifd
ifdo
o
Fdg ioi pmrgu higd`u`do pmob`dlido pdhd pdsimo hmobdo pmoyd`it
ldotuob `krkomr uotu` nmoigdi `mndnpudo hdo tkgmrdosi pdsimo
hdgdn nmgd`u`do d`tivitds. Qdsimo pmoyd`it ldotuob `krkomr
nmobdgdni pmouruodo `mndnpudo hdgdn nmgd`u`do d`tivitds
smfdri-fdri.(Qdotfmm
smfdri-fdri.(Qdotfmm & @ritprdefd, :144<fdg 4=)
f. Qmnm
Qmnmri
ri`s
`sdd
ddo
o Cisi
Cisi`
`
4) @md
mdhd
hddo
do unu
ununn
@mdhddo unun `gimo nugdi pdhd sddt pmrtdnd `dgi jmrtmnu
hmobdo `gimo higdolut`do nmobu`ur tdohd-tdoh vitdg.
@msdhdrdo `gimo lubd hidndti dpd`df `knpks nmotis, dpdtis,
sdnokgmo, hmgiriun, smni `knd dtdu `knd. @mdhddo sd`it lubd
hidndti dpd`df smhdob, jmrdt, riobdo dtdu tdnpd` tihd` sd`it.
:) Xdohd-
dohd-tdo
tdohd
hd vitdg
vitdg
@msdh
@msdhdr
drdo
do eknpk
eknpkss nmotis
nmotis,, pmodn
pmodnpig
pigdo
do tdnpd
tdnpd`
` kjmsit
kjmsitds,
ds,
tm`dodo hdrdf 461/441 nnFb, rm`umosi odhi 66x/nmoit,
rm`umosi
rm`umosi odds :1 `dgi/nmoit,
`dgi/nmoit, sufu 53,: E. (Bkrhko, :14=< fdg
::)
5) Qmnmr
Qmnmri`s
i`sddo
ddo cisi`
cisi` pmrsist
pmrsistmn
mn
d) Uistmn
stmn pmrs
pmrsy
ydrd
drddo
do,, nmgi
nmgip
puti `msd
`msdh
hdrdo,
do, u`urdo
pupig,
pupi g, pmrb
pmrbmrd
mrd`do
`do smguruf
smguruf m`stmrnit
m`stmrnitds
ds hdo
`mndnpudo nmodobbdpi rmspko vmrjdg ndupuo
oko vmrjdg. (Dzizd, :141< fdg 45)
j) Uistmn pmobgifdtdo, pdhd `gimo QL@ ndtd
nmobdgdni pdohdobdo `djur.(Bkrhko, :14=< fdg
::)

e) Ui
Uist
stmn
mn pmoh
pmohmomobd
bdrrdo,
do, pdh
pdhdd `gi
`gimo
mo QL
QL@
@ pdhd
pdhd si
sist
stmn
mn
pmohmobdrdo tmgiobd , tihd` nmobdgdni bdobbudo.
pmohmobdrdo
(Bkrhko, :14=<fdg ::)
h) Ui
Uist
stmn
mn djhk
djhknmnmo,
o, jmrs
jmrsif
if,, hdtd
hdtdrr hdo
hdo tihd
tihd`
` dhd
dhd
pmnjmsdrdo fdti. (Bkrhko, :14=<fdg ::)
m) Uistm
stmn rmspirdsi, pmob`dlido higd`u`do uotu`
nmobmtdfui smedrd hioit tdohd hdo bmldgd tihd`
dhm`udtoyd vmotigdsi hdo k`sibmodsi. Qmob`dlido
nmgiputi pmrsmotdsm rd`si k`sibmo, vkgunm tihdg,
rm`umosi
rm`u mosi pmrodpdsdo hdo nkhus ydob hibuod`do
uotu` jmrodpds. Qdsti`do pksisi MXX tmpdt pdhd
tmnpdto
tmn pdtoyd
yd,, pmnmri`s
pmnmri`sddo
ddo dodgisd
dodgisd bds hdrdf
hdrdf hdo
mgm`trkgit uotu` nmohmtm`si fipk`smnid. (Dzizd,
 :141< fdg 45)
) Uistmn
stmn `dr `drhi
hikkvds`
s`u
ugmr
gmr, pmo pmob`dlid
dlido
o hmob
hmobddo
tm`foi` iospm`si, dus`ugtrdsi, pdgpdsi, hdo pmr`usi
pmrdwdt nmgd`u`do pmobu`urdo tm`dodo hdrdf0
sufu
sufu00 hmoy
hmoyut
ut ldot
ldotuo
uobb hdo
hdo irdn
irdndo
doyyd0 pugs
pugsds
dsii
primr0
pri mr0 hdo tmnprdt
tmnprdturur `ugit.
`ugit. Dus`ug
Dus`ugtrd
trdsi
si juoyi
juoyi
ldotuo
ldo tuobb hdpdt
hdpdt nmobf
nmobfdsi
dsig`
g`do
do juoyi
juoyi bdbdggk
ggkp
p U5
smjdbdi iohi`dsi bdbdg ldotuob dtdu dhdoyd juoyi
bdggkp
bdggkp U8 tdohd
tdohd fipm
fipmrtmo
rtmosisi smjdbdi
smjdbdi `knpgi`d
`knpgi`dsi.si.
Qmoiob`dtdo irdnd odpds nmrupd`do sdgdf sdtu
tdohd emnds dtdu td`ut (Rdotiydf,:141< fdg 46)
b) Uistmn bdstrkiotmstiodg, pmob`dlido pdhd
bdstrkiotmstiodg nmgiputi dus`ugtrdsi jisiob usus,
pdgpdsi djhknmo (oymri, histmosi). (Dzizd,:141<
fdg 45)
f) Uistmn
stmn nus`
nus`u ugus`
gus`mg
mgmt
mtd
dg, pd
pdhd `gim
`gimo
o QL@ dh dhdoy
doyd
`mgmndfdo hdo `mgmgdfdo ktkt smfiobbdf tinjug

`mtihd` ndnpudo nmgd`u`do d`ticitds ydob

hif
ifddrdp`do
p`do dtd tdu
u d`ticiticitd
tdss ydob
dob jid
jidsdsdo
oyd
higd`u`do. (Dzizd,:141< fdg 45)
i) Uistmn
stmn mo
mohk`
hk`rio,
rio, jid
jidsd
sdo oyd tmr
tmrhdpdt
dpdt pmo
pmoio
iob b`dtd
tdo
o
`dhdr bugd hdrdf. (Dzizd,:141< fdg 45)
l) Uistmn Iotmbunmo, pdhd `gimo QL@ d`rdg tmrdsd
fdobdt, turbkr jdi`. (Bkrhko, :14=<fdg ::)
`) Uistmn
stmn pmr`
pmr`mn
mnif
ifdo
do,, `dli dhd ti
tihd`
hd`oyd
pmnjmob`d`do hdo oymri pdhd hdmrdf piobbdob,
kjsmr
kj smrvd
vdsi
si hdo pdgpd
pdgpdsi
si pdhd
pdhd hdmrd
hdmrdf
f djhknm
djhknmo o
jdwdf uotu` nmobmtdfui dhdoyd rmtmosi uriom
hdo `dli tmotdob lmois edirdo edirdo ydob `mgudr
`mgudr .
(Dzizd,:141< fdg 45)
i. Qmnmr
mnmri`
i`sd
sddo
do Qmo
Qmouo
uold
ldob
ob
]otu`
]otu` nmoh
nmohid
idbo
boks
ksd
d QL
QL@
@ smed
smedrd
rd gm
gmji
jif
f tmpd
tmpdtt nd
nd`d
`d hi
higd
gd`u
`u`d
`do
o
pmnmri`sddo pmouoldob hidotdrdoyd<
4. M@B
M@B nmnjmr
nmnjmrii jdotud
jdotudo
o uotu`
uotu` hidbok
hidboksis
sis hdo prkbok
prkboksis
sis,,
rm`dndo ydob higd`u`do sddt smhdob oymri hdhd sdobdt
jmrndoddt. Bdnjdrdo hidboksis hdri M@B dhdgdf <
4) Hmpr
mprmsi smb
mbn
nmo UX ? 1,1
,1=
= nS
 Uunjmr< Hmjdrus.wkrhprmss.ekn (:145)
8 Iovmrsi
Iovmrsi bmgknj
bmgknjdob
dob X,
X, hitdohdi
hitdohdi hmobdo
hmobdo ? 1,:
1,: nS iovmr
iovmrsi
si bmgknjdob
bmgknjdob X
ydob sinmtris hi sdohdpdo prm`krhidg.

Uunjmr< M`biohkomsid.jgkbspkt.ekn<
M`biohkomsid.jgkbspkt.ekn< (:14=)
Qmrujdf
Qmr ujdfdo
do M@B
M@B gdiooy
gdiooyd
d tmr
tmrndsu
ndsu`` juoh
juohgm gm jrdoef
jrdoef jgke` (JJJ) hdo
dritnid ldotuob, tmrutdnd Uustdiomh SX. Umridg M@B fdrus hijudt li`d
hitmnu`do dhdoyd pmrujdfdo smbnmo UX, odnuo M@B ydob okrndg
puo tihd` nmoyiob`ir`do hidboksis DQXU/OUXMNI. Qmnmri`sdddo
M@B
M@ B 4: sdhdpdo pdhd pdsimo U@D hdpdt nmobdnjdr`do
nmobdnjdr`do `mgdiodo
ydob tmrldhi hdo ioi higd`u`do smedrd smridg uotu` mvdgudsi gmjif
gdolut hmobdo jmrjdbdi eiri hdo `dtdbkri<
4. Dobiod
Dobiod pm`tkri
pm`tkriss tihd`
tihd` stdjig
stdjig00 hmprm
hmprmsi
si smbnmo
smbnmo
UX hmobdo dtdu tdopd iovmrsi bmgknjdob X,
`dhdob-`dhdob mgmvdsi smbnmo UX smwd`tu
oymri,
oymri, tihd` hilunpdi bmgknjdob T

Uunjmr< Djudefri.wkrhprmss.ekn (:14=)

:. Iod
Iodr`
r` nik`
nik`dr
drh
h oko-
oko-T<
T< hmpr
hmprms
msii sm
smbn
bnmo mo UX,
UX,
iovmrsi
iovmrsi bmgknjdob
bmgknjdob X hdgd
hdgdn
n (@
(@ugie`
ugie`,, :148<
:148<
fdg 8:).
 Uunjmr< www.nmhieiomsid.ekn<
www.nmhieiomsid.ekn < (:14=)
d. Efmst V-Zdy (ktk hdhd) Xfkrdx ktk nuob`io okrndg dtdu
dhdoyd `drhiknmbdgi, EFC (bdbdg ldotuob `kobmsti) dtdu
domurisnd vmotri`igmr (@ugie`, :148< fdg 8:).
j. Gdtifdo tms strms ldotuob (trmdhnigg)
Xrmdhnigg nmrupd`do pmnmri`sddo pmouoldob ydob stdohdr
hdo jdoyd
jdoyd` ` hibuod
hibuod`do
`do uotu`
uotu` nmohid
nmohidbok
boksd
sd QL@,
QL@, `mti`
`mti`d
d
nmgd`
nmg d`u`
u`do
do trmdh
trmdhnig
niggg hmtd`
hmtd` ldotuo
ldotuob,
b, irdnd
irdnd ldotuo
ldotuob,
b, hdo
tm`dodo hdrdf tmrus-nmomrus hipdotdu, li`d drtmri `krkomr
nmobdgdni pmoyunjdtdo pdhd sddt nmgd`u`do gdtifdo nd`d

hitmnu`do smbnmo hmprmsi UX pdhd fdsig rm`dndo (@ugie`,

:148< fdg 8:).
e. M`k`drhikbrdn
M`k`
M` k`dr
drhi
hikb
kbrd
rdnn nmob
nmobbu
buod
od`d
`doo bmgk
bmgknj
njdo
dob
b su
sudr
drd
d uotu
uotu`
`
nmobfdsig`do bdnjdr ldotuob, smgdnd m`k`drhikbrdn hdpdt
hitmotu`do dpd`df smnud
smnud jdbido hdri hiohiob
hiohiob ldotuob
jmr`kotrijusi
jmr`kotr ijusi okrndg hdgdn d`tivitds
d`tivitds nmnknpd. Jdbido
ydob jmrbmrd` gmndf nuob`io tmgdf rusd` smgdnd smrdobdo
ldotuob dtdu nmomrind tmrgdgu smhi`it k`sibmo, ioi nuob`io
nmouolu``do pmoyd`it
pmoyd`it drtmri `krkomr
`krkomr (Ndyk Egioi`, :14: fdg
85).
h. @dtmtmrisdsi ldotuob dtdu dobikbrdci dhdgdf sudtu tiohd`do
iovdsi nioindg hmobdo nmndsu``do `dtmtmr (smgdob/pipd
pgdsti`) nmgdgui
pmnjuguf hdrdf `m pmnjuguf hdrdf `krkomr ydob
nmnpmrh
nmnp mrhdrd
drdfi
fi ldotuob,
ldotuob, prksmhu
prksmhurr ioi hismjut
hismjut `dtmtmr
`dtmtmrisdsi
isdsi
ldotuob. Qmoyuoti``do edirdo `fusus `m hdgdn drtmri dtdu
iotrd
iotrdvm
vmod
od ioi hi`mod
hi`modgg smjdbd
smjdbdii dobikb
dobikbrd
rdn,
n, tulud
tuludo
o hdri
hdri
tiohd`do `dtmtmrisdsi ioi dhdgdf uotu` nmohidboksd hdo
sm`dgibus
sm`d gibus smjdbdi
smjdbdi tiohd`do
tiohd`do tmrdpi
tmrdpi jigd hitmnu`
hitmnu`dodo dhdoyd
dhdoyd
sudtu `mgdiodo (Ndyk Egioi`, :14:< fdg 85).
m. EX sedo (Eknputmrizm
Eknputmrizmh h tknkbrdpfy Ekrkodry dobikbrdn)
Eknputmrizmh tknkbrdpfy Ekrkodry dobikbrdn/EX

Dobik
Dobikbr
brdci
dci @krko
krkomr
mr dhdgd
dhdgdf
f pmnm
pmnmri`
ri`sdd
sddo
o pmouol
pmouoldob
dob
 ydob higd`u`do
higd`u`do uotu` nmnjdotu
nmnjdotu nmnvisudgisdsi`do
nmnvisudgisdsi`do
drtmri `krkomr hdo sudtu zdt pmwdrod `kotrds hisuoti``do
nmgdgui iotrdvmod smgdnd EX sedo, smfiobbd hdpdt
nmobfdsig`do bdnjdr drtmri ldotuob, ioi lubd hismjut
smjdbdi ugtrdcdst EX sedo ydob jmrbuod uotu` nmohmtm`si
`dgsiun hdgdn hmpksitk gmnd` ydob nmnpmrsmnpit drtmri
`krkomr. Li`d smlungdf jmsdr `dgsiun hitmnu`do, nd`d
nmnuob`io`do tmrldhioyd QL@ (Ndyk Egioi`, :14:< fdg 85).
. Ndbomtie rmskodoem dobikbrdpfy (NZD)
Qrksmhur ioi nmobbuod`do tm`okgkbi NZI, smriob
hi`knjiodsi`do hmobdo pmoyuoti`do zdt pmwdrod `kotrds,
ydob jmrbuod uotu` nmohidboksd dhdoyd pmoymnpitdo dtdu
pmoyunj
pmo yunjdtdo
dtdo,, nms`ipuo
nms`ipuo pmnmri`sd
pmnmri`sddo
do ioi tihd`
tihd` smlmgds
smlmgds
pmnmri`s
pmnm ri`sddo
ddo `dtmtmr
`dtmtmrisdsi
isdsi ldotuob
ldotuob (Ndyk
(Ndyk Egioi`,
Egioi`, :14:<
:14:< fdg
88).
L. Hidboksd @m
@mpmrdwdtdo
Hidboksd Xuludo hdo @ritmrid
Iotmrvmosi Zdsikodg
@mpmrdwdtdo Fdsig
Qmou
Qm ouru
ruod
odoo pmr
pmrus
usii Um
Umtm
tmgd
gdf
f higd
hi gd`
`u`do
u`do Qmrdwdtdo 4. tdohd/bmldgd
ldotuob dsufdo `mpmrdwdtdo
`mpmrdwdtdo Ldotuob (4.1:12= sm`uohmr
jmrfujuobdo hifdrdp`do UI@I :143 pmouruodo
hmobd
hmo bdo
o pmpmour
ouruo
uodo
do `mdhm`udtdo
`mdhm` udtdo ldotuob Fdgdndo 542) eurdf ldotuob
rm`umosi ldotuob nmnknpd hdrdf Xiohd`do < :. uotu`
uotu` nmnmoufi Kjsmrvdsi nmobmtdfui
H.1116 UH@I Xdfuo `mjutufdo 4. Ihmotici`dsi tm`dodo hdrdf
:143 Fdgdndo 58 nmtd
nm tdjk
jkgi
gisn
sn tuju
tujuff tdohd/bmldgd 5. uotu`
nmoi
nm oiob
ob`d
`dtt hmob
hmobdo
do sm`uohmr nmobmtdfui
@ritmrid Fdsig < pmouruodo sdturdsi
Eurdf Ldotuob eurdf ldotuob k`sibmo
(G.1:116 UG@I :143 :. Nkoitkr 8. uotu`
Fdgdndo :1) tm`dodo hdrdf nmobmtdfui
4. Jrd
Jrdhi
hi``drhid 5. Nkoitkr dhdoyd dritnid
nmou
nm ouru
ruoo hdri
hdri sdturdsi =. pksisi kwgmr
s`dgd : (eu`up k`sibmo hdo smni
nmoiob`dt) 8. Nkoitkr kwgmr
gmr hdpdt
pdt
nmoldhi 5 dritnid nmnjdotu
(smhdob) Xmrdpmuti` ldotuob dbdr
:. Qued
Quedt/t/si
sido
doks
ksis
is =. Qksisi`do nmnknpd
nmou
nm ouru
ruoo hdri
hdri pdsimo
pdsimo kwgmr
kwgmr hdrdf `m
s`dgd : (eu`up dtdu smni smgur
smguruf
uf tujuf
tujuf
nmouruo) kwgmr hmobdo tmrutdnd
 nmodlhi 5 `m jdwdf dtdu jdbido-jdbido
(smhdob) pksisi oydndo ydob tmrlduf
5. Xm`
m`do
dodo
do hdr
hdrdf 3. Jmri`do himt 3. himt ldotuob
nmnj
nm njdi
di`
` hdri
hdri ldot
ldotuo
uob b yd
ydob
ob ydob smsudi
s`dgd : (eu`up smsudi yditu
nmouruo) 2. Jmri`do tmrdpi nmnjdtdsi
nmoldhi 5 rmgd`sdsi dsupdo
dsup do `dmio,
`dmio,
(smhdob) uotu` odtriun,
nmoburdobi `kgms
kgmstr
trkg
kg,, hdo
hdo
strmss, li`d nd`dodo tiobbi
pmrgu gmnd`
6. Jmri`do 2. tmrdpi rmgd`sd
d`sdsi
si
hu`uobdo smpmrti
mnksikodg hdo nmohmobdr`do
spiritudg nusie
nu sie,, jmrhk
jmrhkd d
9. Jmri`do hdpdt
k`sibmo
k`sib mo uotu`
uotu` nmnjdotu
nmnpmrtdfdo pdsimo dbdr
`do sdtusdturrdsi gmjif tmodob
k`si
k` sibm
bmoo ? 98 6. hu`uobdo
% mnksikod
mnk sikodgg hdo
Mhu`dsi sp
spir
irit
itud
udgg dbdbdr
dr
41.. Dolu
41 Dolur`r`do
do pdsimo tihd`
jmrd`ticitds nmrdsd
nmr dsd smohiri
smohiri
cisi` smsudi hdo smgdgu
tkgmrdosi nmrdsd jdoyd`
jdoyd`
44.. Dolu
44 Dolur`r`do
do ydob
jmrfmoti nmohdnpiobi
nmrk`k` 9. sdturdsi ?98%
4:.. Dldr
4: Dldr``do dbdr dsupdo `m
pdsimo hdo ktd` tmtdp
`mgudrbd dhm`udt
nmobu`ur 41. d`ticitds cisi`
iotd`m hdo smsudi tkgmrdosi
kutpu
ku tputt edird
edirdoo dbdr tihd`
fdrido tmrgdgu
@kgdjkrdsi nmnkrsir
45.. @kgdj
45 kgdjkr
krds
dsii tmodbd ydob
pmnjmrido hinigi`i
dotidritnid, smfiobbd

li`d pmrgu nmnpmr`mrds

 48. Zulu` `m usdfd `mrld
prkbrdn ldotuob
rmfdjigitdsi 44.. `doh
44 `dohuouobd
bdoo
ldotuob hdri dsdp rk`k`
hdpdt
nmnpmrjuru`
`mrld ldotuob
4:. uototu
u`
nmobmtdfui
dpd`d
dpd `dff iotd`
iotd`mm
hdo kutput
pdsimo
sminjdob
45.. doti
45 dotidr
drit
itni
nidd
hijmri`do
uotu`
nmoembdf
dritnid
48. rulu`do `m
prkbrdn
rmfdjigitdsi
ldotuo
ldo tuobb uotu`
uotu`
pmrdwdtdo
ydob gmjif
io
iottmosi
mosi pdhd
pdhd
ldotuob pdsimo
Oymri d`ut Um
Umtm
tmgd
gdf
f higd
higd`
`u`do
u`do Ndodlmnmo 4. ]otu`
jmrfujuobdo tiohd`do Oymri
Oy mri (4.16:
(4.16:56)
56) nmobmtdfui
hmobdo dbmo `mpmrdwdtdo
`mpmrd wdtdo smgdnd (UI@I Fdg :14) gk`dsi,
pmoemhmrd cisikgkbis …….x:8 ldn Xiohd`do < `drd`tmristi
hif
hifdrdp`
dp`do Oymr
mrii Kjsmrvdsi `, hurdsi,
H. 1122 UH@I @gimo nmouruo 4. Ihmotici`dsi rm`umosi,
Xdfuo :143 hmobdo @ritmrid gk`dsi, `udgitds,
Fdgdndo 42: Fdsig< `drd`tmristi`, hdo
Xiob`dt Oymri hurdsi, iotmositds
(G.16133) (UG@I rm`umosi, oymri
:143 Fdgdndo 48=) `udgitds, :. ]otu`
4. @mgu
guf
fdo oyoymri iotmositds nmobmtdfui
hdri s`dgd : oymri smjmrdpd
(Eu`up :. Ihmotici`dsi pdrdf

Nmoiob`dt) s`dgd oymri tiob`dt

 nmoldhi s`dgd
nmoldhi s`dgd 5. Ihmotici`dsi oymri
mri hdri
hdri
5 (Umhdob) rmspkos
rmspkos oymri
oymri suhut
:. Nmriob
riobis
is hdri
hdri oko vmrjdg pdohdob
s`dgd : 8. Ihmotici`dsi pdsimo
(Eu`up d`tkr ydob 5. ]otu`
Nmoiob`dt) nmnpmrjmrdt nmobmtdfui
nmoldhi
nmol dhi s`dgd
s`dgd hdo rmspko jdi`
5 (Umhdob) nmnpmriobdo hdri
5. Bmgisdf hdri oymri m`sprmsi
s`dgd : Xmrdpmuti` pdsimo
(Eu`up =. Jmri`do tm`oi` 8. ]otu`
Nmoiob`dt) okodrnd`kgk nmobmtdfui
nmoldhi
nmol dhi s`dgd
s`dgd bis fd
fdg-f
g-fdg
dg dpd
5 (Umhdob) Mhu`dsi sdld ydob
3. Lmgds`do nmoymjdj`
pmoymjdj do oymri
oymri gmjif
gmjif pdrdf
pdrdf
2. strdtmbi hd
hdoo fdg-f
fdg-fdg
dg
nmrmhd`do ydob
oymri nmoymjdj`
6. Dldr`do tm`oi` do oymri
okodrnd`kgk jmr`urdob
bis uotu` =. Xm`oi` oko
nmoburdobi drnd`kgkbi
rdsd oymri s uotu`
smpmrti gdtifdo nmoburdobi
odds hdgdn. tiob`dt
oymri
3. Dbdr pdpdsimo
nmobmtdfui
pmoymjdj
oymri
tinjug
2. Dbdr pdpdsimo
nmobmtdfui
strdtmbi /
edrd
nmoburdobi
oymri
6. Xdr
dri`
i` odpd
odpdss

hdgdn
 dhdgdf
tm`oi`
uotu`
nmnjdotu
nmrmhd`do
oymri
Dosimtds Um
Umtm
tmgd
gdf
f higd
higd`
`u`do
u`do Xmrdpi Zmgd`sdsi 4. ]otu`
jmrfujuobdo iotmrvmosi (4.195:3 UI@I nmobihmoti
hmobdo doedndo `mpmrdwdtdo
`mpmrd wdtdo smgdnd :143 Fdgdndo i`dsi
`mndtido ……………………….. 853) dhdoyd
nd`d Xiob`dt Xiohd`do< pmouruodo
H.1161 UH@I Xdfuo Dosi
Do simt
mtds
ds Nmou
Nmouru ruoo Kjsmrvdsi< tiob`dt
:143 Fdgdndo 461 hmobdo @ritmrid 4. Ihmotici`dsi momrby,
fdsig < pmouruodo `mtihd`nd
(G.19195 UG@I :143 tiob`dt momrby, npudo
Fdgdndo 45:) `mtihd`ndnp jmr`kosmot
4. @kosmotrdsi udo rdsi, dtdu

nmnjdi` hdri s`dgd : jmr`kosmotrds bm

bmld
ldgd
gd gdio
gdio
(e
(euu`up nmou
mouruo) i, dtd
tdu
u bm
bmld
ldgd
gd ydob
nmoldhi 5 (smhdob) gdio ydob nmobbdobb
:. Qkgd tihur nmobbdobbu u
nmnjdi` hdri s`dgd : `mndnpudo `mndnpud
(e
(euu`up nmou
mouruo) `kboiti o `kboiti
nmoldhi 5 (smhdob) :. Ihmotici`dsi :. ]otu`
5. Crm`umosi odhi tm`oi` nmobmtdfui
nmouruo hdri s`dgd : rmgd`sdsi ydob tm`oi`
(e
(eu`
u`up
up nmoi
nmoiob
ob`d
`dt)
t) pmrodf
pmro df mm`ti
mm`ti rmgd`sdi
nmoldhi 5 (smhdob) hibuod`do ydob
5. Ihmotici`dsi pmrodf
`msmhiddo, mm`ti
`mndnpudo, 5. ]otu`
hdo nmobmtdfui
pmobbuoddo `msmhiddo,
tm`oi` `mndnpud
smjmgunoyd o, hdo
8. Qmri`sd pmobbuodd
`mtmbdobdo o tm`oi`
ktkt, rm`umosi smjmgunoyd
odhi,
odh i, tm`do
tm`dodo
do 8. ]otu`
hdrdf, sufu nmnkoitkr

sm
smjm
jmgu
gun
n hdo
hdo `mtmbdobdo
 smsuhdf ktkt,
gdtifdo rm`umosi
Xmrdpmuti`< odhi,
=. Eiptd`do tm`dodo
giob`uobdo hdrdf, sufu
ydo
dob
b tmodo
odob smjmgun
hdo tdopd hdo
bdobbudo smsuhdf
hmobdo nmgd`u`do
pmoedfdyddo tiohd`do
hdo sufu =. Giob`uobdo
rudob ydob
oydndo
dndo,, li`d
li`d oydndo
nmnuob`io`d uotu`
o nmoiob`dt`
3. Buod`do do
pd`dido `moydndod
gkobbdr o pdsimo
2. Buod`do odh odhd 3. Qd`dido
sudrd ydob gkobbdr
gmnjut nmoiob`dt`
hmobdo
hmo bdo irdnd
irdnd do
gdnjdt hdo `moydndod
jmrirdnd o pdsimo
6. Buod`do 2. Uudrd ydob
rmgd`sdsi gmnjut hdri
smjdbdi pmrdwdt
strdtmbi nmnpmrnu
pmouoldob hdf
hd f pdsi
pdsimo
mo
hmobdo hdgdn
dodgbmti`
dodg bmti` dtdu nmomrind
tiohd`do iokrndsi
nmhis gdio, ydob
li`d smsudi hisdnpdi`d
Mhu`dsi< o kgmf
9. Lmgds`do pmrdwdt
tuludo, 6. Zmgd`sdsi
ndoddt, pmouoldob
jdtd
jd tdsd
sdo,
o, hdohdo jmrpmrdo
lmois rmgd`sd
rmgd`sdsisi hdgdn

ydob
ydob tmrsm
tmrsmhid
hid nmouoldob
 (nissdgg nusie
(nissd nusie tiohd`do
nmhitdsi, gdio
odpd
od pdss hdgd
hdgdn,
n, 9. Dbdr pdpdsimo
rmgd`
rmgd`sds
sdsii ktkt
ktkt nmobmtdfui
prkbrmsi) tuludo,
41..
41 Lm
Lmgd
gds`
s`do
do ndoddt,
smedrd rioei jdtdsdo,
iotmrvmosi hdo lmois
rmgd`sdsi ydob rmgd`sdsi
hipigif ydob
44.. Dolu
44 Dolur`
r`do
do hibuod`do
nmobdnjig 41. Dbdr
Dbdr pdsimo
pdsimo
pksisi oydndo nmobmtdfui
4:. Dolur`do rmgd`sdsi
smriob dpd ydob
nmobugdobi d`do
dt
dtdu
du nmgd
nmgdtitif
f higd`u`do
tm`oi` ydob 44. Qksisi
Qksisi
hipigif oydndo
45.. Hmnkos
45 Hmnkostrtrdsi
dsi`
` jmrpmobdru
do hdo gdtif f hdgdn
tm`oi` `msmnjufd
rmgd`sdsi o pdsimo
4:. Zmgd`s
Zmgd`sdsi
dsi
yd
ydob
ob smriob
smriob
higd`u`do
hdpdt
nmnpmremp
dt mm`oyd
45.
Hmnkostrdsi
gdtifdo
rmgd`sd
rmgd`sdsi
si dbdr
pdsimo
nmobmrti
nmob mrti edrd
edrd
nmgd`u`do
rmgd`sdsi
Hmcisit Qmobmtdf
Hmcisit Qmobmtdfudo
udo Um
Umtm
tmgd
gdf
f higd
higd`
`u`do
u`do Mhu`dsi 4. ]otu`
jmrfujuobdo tiohd`do @msmfdtdo nmobmtdfui
hmobdo `urdob `mpmrdwdtdo
`mpmrd wdtdo smgdnd (4.4:565 UI@I `msidpdo hdo

tmrpdpdr iokrndsi 5 x :8 ldn :143 Fdgdndo `mndnpudo

 hifdrdp`do 3=) pdsimo sddt
H.1444 UH@I Xdfuo `meu`updo iokrndsi Xiohd`do< hijmri`do
:143 Fdgdndo :83 `kboiti ydob Kjsmrvdsi< mhu`dsi
jmrr`di
jm ditd
tdoo hmo
hmobdo 4. Ihmotici`dsi `msmfdtdo
tkpie tmrtmotu `msidpdo hdo :. ]otu`
nmoi
nm oiob
ob`d
`dtt hmob
hmobdo
do `mndnpudo nmobmtdfui fdg-
@ritdrid Fdsig < nmomrind fdg ydob
ydob hdpdt
hdpdt
Xiob`dt Qmobmtdfudo iokrndsi nmnieu
(G.4:444 UG@I :143 :. Ihmotici`dsi pmouruodo
Fdgdndo 483) detkr-d`tkr niodt pdsimo
4. Qmrigd`u smsudi ydob hdpdhdpdtt hdgdn
hmobdo nmoiob`dt`d nmomrind
pmobmtdfudo o hdo mhu`dsi
nmoi
nm oiob
ob`d
`dtt hdri
hdri nmouruo`do `msmfdtdo
s`dg
s`dgd
d : (e (eu
u`up nktivdsi 5. Dbdr mhu`dsi
nmouruo) pmrigd`u ydob
nmoldhi 5 fihup
fihu p jmrsif
jmrsif hisdnpdi`do
(smhdob) hdo smfdt lmgd
lmgdss hdo
hdo jigd
jigd
:. Qmrigd`u smsudi Xmrdpmuti`< pdsimo
dolurdo 5. Umhid`do jmrtdoyd,
nmoi
nm oiob
ob`d
`dtt hdri
hdri ndtmri hdo pmrd
pmrdwdwdtt hdpdt
hdpdt
s`dg
s`dgd
d : (e (eu
u`up nmhid nmolmgds`do
nmouruo) pmohihi`do hmobdo jdi`
nmoldhi 5 `msmfdtdo hdo jmodr
(smhdob) 8. Ldhwdg`do 8. Dbdr mhu`dsi
5. Qmrsmpsi ydob pmohihi`do gmjif
`m
`mgir
giru
u tmrf
tmrfdhd
dhdp
p `msmfdtdo tmrstru`tur
ndsdgdf smsudi =. Nmnjmri`do
nmouruo hdri `msmpd`dtdo `msmnpdtdo
s`dg
s`dgd
d : (e (eu
u`up =. Jmri`do uotu`
uotu ` jmrtdoy
jmrtdoyd d
nmoiob`dt) `msmnpdtdo dbdr mhu`dsi
nmoldhi 5 uotu` ydob
(smhdob) jmrtdoyd hisdnpdi`do
Mhu`dsi< hdpdt gmjif lmgds
3. Lmgds`do hdo gmjif ,uhdf
detkr
de tkr rmsi`k
rmsi`k hipdfdni
ydob hdpd
hdpdtt pdsimo
nmnpmobdru 3. Dbdr pdsimo
fi `msmfdtdo nmobmtdfui
2. Dldr`do detkr rmsi
si`
`k

pmrigd`u ydob hdpdt

 fihup jmrsif
fihup jmrsif nmnpmobdrufi
hdo smfdt `msmfdtdooyd
6. Dldr`do 2. Dbdr pdsimo
strdtmbi ydob jisd
hdpdt nmomrdp`do
hibuod`do QFJU
uotu` 6. Dbdr QFJU
nmoiob`dt`d pdsimo
o pmrigd`u nmoiob`dt
fihup
fihu p jmrsif
jmrsif hmobdo
hmob do strdtmbi
strdtmbi
hdo smfdt ydob
ydob hidldr
hidldr`d
`do
o
kgmf pmrdwdt
 HDCXDZ Q]UXD@D

Zisd Fmrndwdti, Fdris Edohrd Hmwi.:148. Qmoyd`it Ldotuob @krkomr.

Ld`drtd< @dohds nmhid (Inpriot dbrknmhid pustd`d).
Dooisd hdo doldr.Lurodg BDUXMZ Skg.
Skg. 41 Ok. 4 /Cmjrudri :145
Ju`u Ud`u Hidboksis @mpmrdwdtdo
Luhitf.N.Rig`isko hdoMBE
Mh 9.Ld`drtd< Odoey.Z.:145.
Qutrd U, Qdohd G, Zktty. :145. Qrkcig pmoyd`it ldotuob `krkomr. Ndodhk<
d`ugtds `mhk`tmrdo.
Zkefn
Zk efndy
dydot
doti,
i, :144
:144.. Dodgis d`tkr-d`tkr ydob nmnpmobdrufi `udgitds
fihup pdsimo hmobdo pmoyd`it ldotuo `krkomr. Ld`drtd< d`ugtds
ignu `mpmrdwdtdo
D.Cduzi Ydfyd.:141.Qmod`gu`do Ok.4< Nmoembdf hdo nmobdtdsi pmoyd`it
ldotuob `krkomr.Jdohuob<Tdoitd