the Guidance

Round I
1. According to Faraday’s first law of electrolysis, m = Zq or [Energy] [ML2T -2]
11. As, = = [ML-1T -2]
m [Volume] [L3 ]
Z= . So, SI unit of Z is kg C-1.
q [MLT -2]
and [Pressure] = = [ML-1T -2]
2. Sum of 436.32, 227.2 and 0.301 is 663.821. Because figure. [L2]
8 is more than 5, so 1 add in 663.
12. Because, dimension formula of tension same as force
Þ 663 + 1 = 664
= [MLT –2]
3. The height of tree, building, tower, hill etc.,can be force
determined with the help of sextant.
and surface tension = = [ML0 T –2]
length
4. Given A =10
. m ± 0.2 m Work and torque, both are product of force and length.
B = 2.0 m ± 0.2 m Impulse is equal to change in momentum.
x = AB = 10
. ´ 2.0 = 1414
. m 32 ´ 10 -5
13. As, T = = 32 ´ 10 -3Nm-1 = 0.032 Nm–1
Rounding-off to two significant digits, (10) -2

x = AB = 14
. m 14. Given, y = r sin( wt - kx)
Dx 1 é DA DB ù where, wt = angle
Now, = +
x 2 êë A B úû 1
\ w = = [ T -1] (Q angle is dimensionless)
1 é 0.2 0.2 ù 0.6 T
= ê + ú =
2 ë 10
. 0.2 û 2 ´ 2.0 Similarly kx = angle
0.6 ´ x 1
Dx = = 0.15 ´ 1414
. = 0.2121 \ k = = [L-1]
2 ´ 2.0 x
w [T -1]
Rounding-off to one significant digits, Dx = 0.2 m \ = = [LT -1]
k [L-1]
Thus, AB = 1.4m ± 0.2m
15. One light year = 3 ´10 8m/s ´ 1 yr
5. 1 Newton = 105 dyne and 1m = 100 cm
3 ´ 10 8 m
10 6 dyne cm–2 = 10 6 ´ 10 -5 N ´ (10 -2 m) 2 = 10 5 Nm–2 = ´ 365 ´ 24 ´ 60 ´ 60 s
s
6. Time defined in terms of rotation of the earth is called = 3 ´ 10 8 ´ 365 ´ 24 ´ 60 ´ 60 m
Universal Time (UT).
= 9.461 ´ 10 15 m
7. Indestructibility, invariability and reproductibility are
essential characteristics of a unit of measurment. 16. Force, F = ma
F 10 pound
8. Young modulus Y = 1.9 ´1011 N / m2 \ a= =
m 1 kg
Q 1N = 10 5 dyne,1 m2 = 10 4 cm2 pound 10 slug ft
= 10 =
1.9 ´ 10 11 ´ 10 5 kg kg s2
So in CGS Y= dyne / cm2
10 4 ft ft
Y = 1.9 ´ 10 12 dyne/cm2 = 10 ´ 14.6 kg 2
= 146 2
kg s s
9. Magnetic flux has the unit as weber/ m2 = 146 ´ 0.30 ms–2 = 44.5 ms–2
10. Here, x = 5 cm 1 -2 1 -2
æL ö æT ö
17. As, n2 = n1 ç 1 ÷ ç 1 ÷ = 10 æç
m ö æ sec ö
Dx1 = 5 - 4.9 = 0.1 cm ÷ ç ÷
è L2 ø è T2 ø è kmø è hr ø
Dx2 = 5 - 4.805 = 0.195 cm
(Here, n1 and n2 are numerical values)
Dx3 = 5 - 5.95 = - 0.25 cm 1
Dx4 = 5 - 5.4 = 0.4 cm æ m ö æ sec ö -2
n2 = 10 ç 3 ÷ ç ÷ = 129600
Hence, option (a) is most accurate. è10 mø è 3600 sec ø
 Units and Measurements 31

. ´ 10 -31
91 24. Q Density =
Mass
=
4.237 g
= 1.694 g /cm3
18. The mass of electron = 2.5 cm3
. ´ 10 -27
167 Volume
. ´ 10 -31
91 Þ = 1.7 g / cm3
\ E= ´ 931 MeV
. ´ 10 -27
167 25. As, 100 W = 100 Js-1 = 10 9 erg s–1
= 0.5073 MeV
26. [Energy] =[ML2T -2]. Increasing M and L by a factor of 3, energy
19. As, R = 8.3 J/K-mol is increased 27 times.
Now, n1u1 = n2 u2
27. Trigonometric function has no dimension.
(u1 and u2 are units while n1 and n2 are the numerical values) x
n1 u1 So, = dimensionless
\ n2 = a
u2
Thus, a has the dimensions as x in equation.
8.3 J / K-mol x
= RHS has dimension of i.e., dimensionless
atmL / K-mol a
8.3 J / K-mol and hence, an is dimensionless
=
(1.013 ´ 10 N / m2) (10 -3 m3) / K -mol
5
Þ n =0
8.12
= = 0.0812 28. Intensity (I) =
Energy
=
J
10 2 Area ´ Time m2s
\ 8.3 J/K-mol = 0.0812 atm L/K-mol
m1m2
29. Q F =G
20. Given, 1 eV = 1.6 ´ 10 -19 J r2
\ 13.6 eV = 13.6 ´ 1.6 ´ 10 -19 J Fr 2 Nm2
G= 2 Þ
. ´ 10 -19 J
= 2176 m kg 2

21. According to question, 30. LI 2 represents energy, i. e. ,[ML2T –2]

F µ mav br c 31. 1 yard = 36 inch = 36 ´ 2.54 cm = 0.9144 cm
a b c
F = km v r 32. CR is known as time constant
k, being a dimensionless constant. CR = [ T ]
From homogeneity of dimensions, F
33. Spring constant = = [ML0 T -2]
LHS = RHS L
[MLT -2] = [M]a [LT -1]b[L ]c Energy
Surface energy = = [ML0 T -2]
or [MLT -2] = [M aLb + c T - b ] Area
Comparing the powers, we obtain 34. According to definition, metre is the distance containing
a =1 1650763.73 wavelength in vacuum of radiation corresponding
b + c =1 to orange red light emitted by an atom of Kr-86.
- b = -2 Þ b = 2
35. Momentum, p µ f av brc
\ 2 + c =1
Þ c = -1 [MLT -1] = [ T -1]a [LT -1]b[ML-3 ] c
kmv 2 [MLT -1] = [M cLb -3c T - a - b ]
Therefore, F = kmv 2r -1 = .
r Þ c =1
The experimental value of k is found to be here b - 3c = 1
mv 2 Þ b=4
\ F=
r - a - b = -1
[F] [MLT -2] a + b = 1, a = -3
22. Force, F = kv , [k] = = = [MT -1].
[v] [LT -1] [P ] = [ f -3v 4r ]
So, unit is kg s–1. 36. Here, [M0L0T 0 ] = [ML-1T -2]a [ML-3 ]b[LT -1]c
23. [Surface tension] = [ML0T -2], [viscosity] = [ML-1T -1]. or [M 0L0 T 0 ] = [M a + bL- a + c T -2a -3b - c ]

Clearly, mass has the same exponent in these physical Comparing powers of M, L and T, we get
quantities. a + b = 0 ,- a + c = 0 ,-2a - 3b = 0
Solving, a = 1, b = -1, c = 1
32 JEE Main Physics

Charge q As thickness has least number of significant figures 3,

37. Capacitance C = =
Potential V therefore rounding-off area up to three singificant figures, we
Work æ Wö get
Also potential = çQ V = ÷
Charge è qø Area of sheet (A) = 8.72 m2
q2 J Volume of sheet (V) = l ´ b ´ t
\ C= as well as C = 2 .
J V = 4.234 ´ 1005
. ´ 0.0201
Thus, (a), (c), (d) are equivalent to farad but (b) is not = 0.0855289
equivalent to Farad.
Rounding-off up to three significant figures, we get
38. Given, y = a sin ( wt + kx) Volume of the sheet = 0.0855 m3
Here,wt should be dimensionless Ldi éAù
é 1ù 44. e = Þ [ e] = [ML2T -2A -2] ê ú
\ [ w] = ê ú dt ëTû
ët û
[ e] = [ML2T -2Q-1]
[ w] = [M 0L0 T -1]
[ML2T -2]
-1 45. [MT -3 ] =
39. The speed of light in vacuum (c) =1(new unit of length s ) [L2][ T]
Time taken by light to reach the earth = energy / area ´ time = dimension of solar constant.
t = 8 min + 20 s 46. Both force constant and surface tension represent force per
= (8 ´ 60 + 20) s = 500s unit length.
\Distance between the sun and the earth Angular momentum [ML2T -1]
= Speed of light ´ Time 47. As, = = [M 0LT 0 ]
Linear momentum [MLT -1]
x= c ´t
48. Friction, F = mN
=1(new unit of length s-1 ) ´ 500 s
F
= 500 new unit of length \ m=
N
F m 0I1 I2 -2
40. As, = é F ù é MLT ù
l 2 pr \ [m ] = ê ú = ê -2 ú
= dimensionless
ë N û ë MLT û
[F ] [MLT -2]
or [m ] = =
[l1l2] [A 2] 49. Given, molar volume of one mole of hydrogen
-2 –2
= [MLT A ] = 22.4 L = 22.4 ´ 10 -3 m3

[MLT -2] Diameter of hydrogen molecule (d) = 1 Å = 10 -10 m

41. As, [ML-2T -2] =
[L ][L2] d 10 -10
\ Radius of hydrogen molecule (r) = =
Force 2 2
=
Distance ´ area = 0.5 ´ 10 -10 m
Pressure 4 3
= Volume of one molecule of hydrogen = pr
Distance 3
= Pressure gradient 4
= . ´ (0.5 ´ 10 -10)3
´ 314
42. By substituting the dimensions of each quantity, we get 3
T = [ML–1T –2]a [L3M]b [MT –2]c = 5.234 ´ 10 -31 m3
3 1 Number of molecules in one mole of hydrogen
By solving, we get a = - , b = and c = 1
2 2 = Avogadro number (N)
43. Given, length (l) = 4.234 m = 6.023 ´ 10 23

Breagth (b) =1005

. m \Atomic volume of one mole of hydrogen
Thickness (t) = 2.01 cm = 0.0201 m = Number of molecules in one mole of hydrogen
Area of sheet ( A) ´ Volume of one molecule of hydrgen
= 2 ( l ´ b + b ´ t + t ´ l) = 6.023 ´ 10 23 ´ 5.234 ´ 10 31
= 2 [( 4.234 ´ 1005
. ) + (1005
. ´ 0.0201) + (0.0201 ´ 4.234)] = 3152
. ´ 10 -7 m3
= 2 ´ 4.3604739 Molar volume 22.4 ´ 10 -3
Now, = . ´ 10 4
= 71
´ 10 -7
2
= 8.7209478 m Atomic volume 3154
.
 Units and Measurements 33

50. Do not think in terms of I and w .Remember; kinetic energy is 57. Electric potential, V = IR,
fundamentally,'work'.
é V ù é Work done ù
W = Force ´ distance [R ] = ê ú = ê ú
ë I û ë Charge ´ I û
= [MLT -2] ´ [L]
[ML2T –2]
= [ML2T -2] = = [ML2T –3 A –2]
[A 2T]
51. Time period, 58. As, n1u1 = n2u2
T µ p ar bE c
(n1 and n2 are numerical values and u1 and u2 are the unit in
or T = kp ar bE c proper system)
k, is a dimensionless constant. nu
\ n2 = 1 1
According to homogeneity of dimensions, u2
LHS = RHS 1450 mile / h 1450 s / mile
= =
-1 -2 a 3 b 2 -2 c m/ s mh
\ [ T] = [ML T ] [ML ] [ML T ]
[T] = [M a+b+c ][L- a -3b + 2c ][T -2a - 2c ] 1450 s ´ 1.6 km
= = 644.4
10 –3 km ´ 60 ´ 60 s
Comparing the powers, we obtain
1450 mile/h = 644.4 m/s
a+ b+ c =0
-a - 3b + 2c = 0 59. The instrument whose least count is minimum, is called the
-2 a - 2 c = 1 most precise device.
On solving, we get (a) Number of division (MSD) = 20
5 1 1 Main Scale Division (MSD) = 1mm
a=- ,b= ,c=
6 2 3 As 20 divisions on vernier scale will be equal to the 19
energy divisions on main scale.
52. Solar constant =
cm2 min 19
\ Vernier Scale Division (VSD) = MSD
\The dimension of solar constant 20
[ML2T -2] Least count of varnier callipers = 1MSD - 1VSD
= = [ML0 T -3 ]
[L2T] = 1MSD -1VSD
19 1
53. Electric displacement, D = eE = 1MSD - MSD = MSD
20 20
C2 N
Unit of D = 1 1
Nm2 C = mm = cm
20 200
æ C ö [ AT]
\ [D ] = C ç 2 ÷ = 2 = [L-2TA] = 0.005 cm
è m ø [L ]
(b) Pitch of screw guage = 1mm
54. Work done, W = eDq Number of divisions on circular scale = 100
W [ML2T -2] Least count of screw guage
\ e= =
Dq [AT] Pitch
=
\ [e] = [ML2T -3 A -1] Number of divisions on circular scale
1 1
55. Given, a = 3bc2 mm = cm
a 100 1000
Þ b= = 0.001 cm
3 c2
Writing dimensional for a and c, we have (c) Wavelength of light ( l) » 10 -7m = 10 -5 cm = 0.00001 cm
[Q / V ] [Q ] / [ML2T -2Q-1] \ As the given optical instrument can measure length to
[ b] = =
[B2] [MT -1Q-1]2 within a wavelength of light, therefore least count of the
given optical instrument = Wavelength of light.
= [M -3L-2T 4 Q4 ]
= 0.00001 cm
1
56. Power of lens, P = The least count is minimum for the given optical
f
instrument. Therefore, the given optical instrument is the
1 1
\ [P ] = = = [M 0L-1T 0 ] most precies.
[ f ] [L ]
34 JEE Main Physics

60. Magnification of microscope = 100 68. As, n1u1 = n2u2

Observed width of the hair = 3.5 mm 1 shake 10 -8 s
Þ n2 = = –9
Ovserved width 1 ns 10 s
Magnification =
Real width \ n2 = 10
Ovserved width 3.5
Real width = = 69. Maximum absolute error is Da + Db. Now work out the
Magnification width 100
relative error and finally the percentage error.
= 0.35 mm
70. When two quantities are multiplied, their maximum relative
61. Area of object = 1.75cm2 = 1.75 ´ 10 -4 m2 errors area added up.
Area of image = 1.55 m 2 1
71. We know that kinetic energy = mv 2
Area of image 2
\Areal magnification = Required percentage error is 2% + 2 ´ 3%, i. e. , 8%
Area of object
.
155 72. Volume µ r3
= » 8857
. ´ 10 -4
175 So, error is 3 ´ 2% = 6%
Linear magnification = Area magnification 5000 ´ 86400 ´ 365.25
73. Required time = s = 1.6 s ~
-2s
= 8857 = 941
. 10 11
1
62. Modulus of rigidity [h ] = [ML–1T –2] 74. Kinetic energy, E = mv 2
2
1/ 2
éMù DE Dv 2 - v 2
or [T ] = ê ú \ ´ 100 = ´ 100
ë Lh û E v2
M = [(1.5) 2 - 1] ´ 100 = 125%
Time period = 2p
Lh 75. Percentage error in radius is
0.1
´100
4.3
63. Use formula for time period in angular SHM.
Again, V µ R3
and dimension of time = [M 0L0 T ] 3 ´ 0.1
\ Error in volume = ´ 100
64. Velocity v = klarbg c 4.3
[M 0LT –1] = [La ] [M bL-3b ] [Lc T -2c ] 76. Percentage error inside = éê ù
Þ 1 0.2
´ 100 ú = 0.1m
2 ë100 û
or [M 0LT –1] = [M bLa -3b + c T -2c ]
0.1
Equating powers of M, L and T, we get Absolute error inside = ´ 10 = 0.01 cm and side
100
- 2 c = -1
1 = 100 = 10 m
Again, a - 3 b + c = 1, b = 0 , c =
2 \ side = (10 ± 0.01) m
\ v = kl1/ 2r 0 g 1/ 2 2 ´ 0.02 1
77. Required percentage = ´ 100 + ´ 100
or v 2 µ gl 0.24 30
0.01
+ ´ 100
[E][J]2 [ML2T –2] [ML2T –1]2 4.80
65. = [M 0L0 T 0 ]
[M]5 [G ]2 [M]5 [M –1L3 T –2]2 = 16.7+3.3+0.2 = 20%

66. n1u1 = n2u2 78. When quantities are subtracted,their maximum absolute
errors are added up.
n u 170.474 L 170.474 ´ 10 –3 M3 \ Result = (80 - 10) ± (0.1+0.1)
n2 = 1 1 = =
u2 M3 M3 = 70 ± 0.2
= 0.170474
67. l = mpv qhr 79. Given, X = [M aLb T - c ]
0 0 p –1 q 2 -2 r
[M LT ] = [M ] [LT ] [ML T ] DX é DM DL DT ù
\ =± êë a M + b L + c T úû
[M 0LT 0 ] = [M p + rLq + 2r T - q - r ] X
\ p + r = 0 ,q + 2 r = 1, - q - r = 0 = ± [ aa + bb + gc]%
After solving, we get 80. Subtract 3.87 from 4.23 and then divide by 2.
p = -1,q = -1,r = 1
 Units and Measurements 35

81. Required error in density = 3% + 3 ´ 2% = 9% 89. As p = 3.14

\ p 2 = (3.14) 2 = 9.8596
82. Distance of Jupiter from earth (d) = 824.7 million km
on rounding off p 2 = 9.86
= 824.7 ´ 10 6 km
0.01
Angular diameter of Juptier (q) = 35.73¢¢ 90. Percentage error in measurement of a side = ´ 100
1.23
But 1° = 60 ¢ = (60 ´ 60) ¢¢ 0.01
\Percentage error in measurement of area = 2 ´ ´ 100
æ 1 ö 1 p 1.23
1¢¢ = ç ÷° = ´ rad
è 60 ´ 60 ø 60 ´ 60 180
91. Given, P = a3b2 / cd
314
.
= rad Maximum relative error in physical quantity P is given by
60 ´ 60 ´ 180
DP é æ Da ö æ Db ö 1 æ Dc ö æ Dd ö ù
1¢¢ = 4.85 ´ 10 -6 rad = ± ê3ç ÷ + 2ç ÷ + ç ÷ + ç ÷
P ë è a ø è b ø 2 è c ø è d ø úû
\Angular diameter of Jupiter ( q) = (35.72 ´ 4.85 ´ 10 -6) rad \Maximum percentage error in P is given by
If D is the diameter of the Jupiter then, angular diameter DP é æ Da ö æ Db ö
D ´ 100 = ± ê3ç ´ 100 ÷ + 2ç ´ 100 ÷
( q) = P è
ë a ø è b ø
d 1 æ Dc ö æ Dd öù
+ ç ´ 100 ÷ + ç ´ 100 ÷ ú
D = qd 2è c ø è d øû
= (35.72 ´ 4.85 ´ 10 -6) ´ 824.7 ´ 10 6 Da Db
But ´ 100 = 1%, ´ 100 = 3%
= 142873 a b
= 1429 ´ 10 5 km Dc Dd
. ´ 100 = 4%, ´ 100 = 2%
c d
83. Percentage error in x = 1% + 2 ´ 3% + 3 ´ 2% = 13% DP é 1 ù
\ ´ 100 = ± ê3 ´ (1) + 2 ´ (3) + ´ ( 4) + (2) ú
The sign ± has been used because the words ‘maximum P ë 2 û
percentage error’ have not been used. ± [3 + 6 + 2 + 2]%
= ± 13%
Note Percentage error is ± DA ´ 100
A As the result (13%) has two significant figures, therefore the
DA value of P = 3.763 should have only two significant figures.
Maximum percentage error is ´100
A Rounding-off the value of P up to two significant figures, we
1 get P = 3.8.
84. Here at 2 is a dimensionless. Therefore, a = and has the
1
t2 92. New unit of mass is kg
dimension of [ T –2]. 6.67 ´ 10 –11
0.2 i. e. , 1.5 ´ 10 10 kg
85. % error = ´ 100 = 0.8
25
93. The result has to be in one significant number only.
86. Maximum percentage error in, P = 4% + 2 ´ 2% = 8% uv Df Du Dv D (u + v)
94. f = , = + +
u+v f u v u+v
87. As, V = (8 + 0.5)
0.01
and I = (2 + 0.2) 95. Percentage error in mass = ´ 100 = 0.04
23.42
8
\ R= =4 (R = resistance) 0.1
2 Percentage error in volume = ´ 100 = 2.04
4.9
DR æ DV DI ö æ 0.5 0.2 ö
Þ %= ç + ÷=ç + ÷ ´ 100 = 16.25% Adding up the percentage errors, we get nearly 2%.
R è V I ø è 8 2 ø
1/ 2 1/ 2
\ R = (4 ± 16.25%) T é m¢ g ù é m¢ lg ù
96. v = =ê ú =ê
1 m ëM / lû ë M úû
88. Percentage error in length = ´ 100 = 2
50 D v 1 é D m¢ D l D M ù
It follows from here, = ê + +
0.1 v 2ë m l M úû
Percentage error in breadth = ´ 100 = 5
2.0 1 é 0.1 0.01 0.1ù
= ê + +
Percentage error in thickness =
0.1
´ 100 = 1 2 ë 3.0 1.000 2.5 úû
1.00 1
= [0.03+0.001+0.04] = 0.036
Percentage error in volume = 2 + 5 + 1 = 8 2
Percentage error in the measurement = 3.6
36 JEE Main Physics

97. Radius of hydrogen atom (r) = 0.5Å = 0.5 ´ 10 -10m w1 D (RD)

98. RD = , ´100
w1 - w2 RD
4 3
Volume of each hydrogen atom (V ) = pr Dw1 D (w1 - w2)
3 = ´ 100 + ´ 100
4 w1 w1 - w2
= . ´ (0.5 ´ 10 -10)3
´ 314
3 0.05 0.05+0.05
= ´ 100 + ´ 100
-31 3 5.00 1.00
= 5.234 ´ 10 m
= 1 + 10 = 11%
Number of atoms in one mole of hydrogen
Dl 0.01
= Avogadro numver (N) 99. ´ 100 = ´ 100 = 0.07
23 l 15.12
= 6.023 ´ 10
Db 0.01
\Atomic volume of 1 mole of hydrogen atoms (V ¢) ´ 100 = ´ 100 = 0.1
b 15.12
= Volume of a hydrogen atom ×Number of atoms Dt 0.01
´ 100 = ´ 100 = 0.2
V¢ =V ´N t 5.25
= 5.236 ´ 10 -31 ´ 6.023 ´ 10 23m3 Required percentage = 0.07+0.1+0.2 = 0.37%
= 3152
. ´ 10 -7 m3

Round II
0.5 2p 2p
1. Zero error = 5 ´ = 0.05 mm we get, b=
,c =
50 T l
0.5 b 2p / T
Actual measurement = 2 ´ 0.5 mm+25 ´ - 0.05 mm Dimension of = = [LT –1] and other three quantity is
50 c 2p / l
= 1mm+0.25 mm– 0.05 mm = 1.20 mm dimensionless.

2.
A
=m 6. We know that the dimensional formula of energy is [ML2T –2]
B 1 2 2
é 1 kg ù é 1 m ù é 1 s ù
Force mass n2 = 1 ê ú ê ú ê ú
Þ = ë10 kg û ë1 kmû ë1 min û
B length
Force ´ length 1 1 1
Þ B= = ´ ´
mass 10 10 6 (60) -2
MLT -2 ´ L =
3600
= 3.6 ´ 10 –4
= = L2T –2 = [LT –1]2
M 10 7
l RA
3. Capacitance X = [M–1L–2T 2Q2] 7. As R = r \ r =
–1 –1
A l
Magnetic induction Z = [MT Q ]
\ dimension = [ML2T -1Q2 × L] = [ML3 T –1Q–1]
2 2 –2 –2
[ Z ] = [M T Q ]
n ( x2 - x1)
Given, X = 3 YZ 2
8. From the given relation, D =
n2 - n1
X [X ] é 1 ù 1
or Y= or [Y ] = Here, [n] = ê = 2 = [L-2T –1]
3 Z2 [ Z ]2 ë area ´ time úû [L T ]
[M –1L–2T 2Q2] x2 - x1 = [L]
\ [Y ] = = [M –3L–2T 4 Q4 ]
[M 2T –2Q–2] é 1 ù é 1ù
and n2 - n1 = ê = 3 = [L–3 ]
4. T-ratios are dimensionless. So, the unit of r is N 2. ë volume úû êë L úû

As, has
r
the dimension as angle. [L–2T –1L ]
So, [D ] = = [L2T –1]
m2 [L–3 ]
5. Given equation, Y = a sin ( bt - cx) e2
9. The formula for fine structure constant =
Comparing the given equation with general wave equation. æ h ö
4 pe 0 ç ÷c
æ 2 pt 2 px ö è2 p ø
y = a sin ç - ÷
è T l ø It is dimensionless.