Coaxial line

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 Transmission line parameters - Coaxial line

Quasi TEM mode of propagation

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 Transmission line Resonators

Coaxial line Resonators

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 Lumped Element Resonators
Series Resonators
A series RLC circuit, as shown below, acts as a resonator when the average
magnetic energy stored in the inductor equals the electrical energy in the capacitor

R L
Vg V C
Zin I

1
The input impedance can be written as Z in  R  jL  j
C
1 1
At resonance X L  X C  L   
C LC
Input impedance at resonance is Z in  R

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 Lumped Element Resonators
Series Resonators
The input power delivered to the resonator is
1 1 1
Pin  VI *  V  Z in I
2 2

2 2Z in 2
1 2 j  1 2 1 2 1 
 Pin  I  R  jL   I R  2 j  I  L  
2  C  2 4   2C 
 Pin  Ploss  2 j Wm  We 
where
1 2
Wm  I L is the magnetic energy stored in the inductor,
4
1
We  2 I
2
is the electrical energy stored in the capacitor and
4 C
1 2
Ploss  I R is the energy dissipated in the resistor
2

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 Lumped Element Resonators
Series Resonators
Now, the input impedance at resonance can be written as

 j  j
Z in  R   j0 L    R  j0 L 
 0 C  0 C
1
and the resonant frequency can be expressed as 0 
LC
The quality factor of a resonant circuit is the ratio of the energy stored in
the circuit to the power lost or dissipated
Wm  We
Q0  0
Ploss
This quality factor is also referred as the unloaded quality factor

2Wm 0 L 1
At resonance Wm = We  Q0  0  
Ploss R 0 RC

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 Lumped Element Resonators
Series Resonators
R L
Vg V C
Zin I

At resonance, impedance is purely resistive with a minimum value

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 Lumped Element Resonators
Parallel Resonators
A parallel RLC circuit, as shown below, acts as a resonator when the average
magnetic energy stored in the inductor equals the electrical energy in the capacitor

I
Vg V L C R
Zin

1
1 1 
The input impedance is Z in     jC 
R jL 
1 1
At resonance X L  X C  L   
C LC

Input impedance at resonance is Z in  R

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 Lumped Element Resonators
Parallel Resonators
The input power delivered to the resonator is

1 * 1 1
Pin  VI  Z in I 
2 2
V
2 2 2 Z in
2
1 21 j  1V 1 2 1 
 Pin  V    jC    2 j V  2  C 
2  R L  2 R 4  L 
 Pin  Ploss  2 j Wm  We 

2
1 V
Where Wm  is the magnetic energy stored in the inductor,
4 2L
1 2
We  V C is the electrical energy stored in the capacitor and
4
2
1V is the energy dissipated in the resistor
Ploss 
2 R

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 Lumped Element Resonators
Parallel Resonators
The quality factor of a resonant circuit is the ratio of the energy stored in the
circuit to the power lost or dissipated
Wm  We
Q0  0
Ploss
This quality factor is also referred as the unloaded quality factor
2Wm R
At resonance Wm = We  Q0  0   0 RC
Ploss 0 L

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 Lumped Element Resonators
Parallel Resonators
The unloaded quality factor Q0 defined before is the characteristic property of a
resonator. But in practice the resonators are connected to external circuitry that
tend to reduce the quality factor

For the series RLC circuit the load resistance RL adds up in series to give R + RL,
whereas for the parallel resonant circuit, it is RRL/(R+RL). Now we can define
external quality factor Qe as
0 L RL
Qe  for series resonator; for parallel resonator
RL 0 L

1 1 1
The loaded Q factor can now be defined as  
QL Qe Q0

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 Transmission line Resonators

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 Transmission Line Resonators

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Transmission Line Resonators

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 Transmission Line Resonators

𝑙 = λ/4

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Question: 1 Design a half-wavelength-long microstrip resonator operating at a frequency of
5 GHz using a 50  line that is short-circuited at its ends. The substrate thickness is 1.59
mm with a relative dielectric constant of 2.2 and a loss tangent of 0.001. The conductors
are of copper. Calculate its Q value.
Solution

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Question: 2 A λ/4 resonator is made from a piece of copper coaxial line having an inner
conductor radius of 1.1 mm and an outer conductor radius of 3 mm. The dielectric filling
between the conductor is Teflon with r = 2.08 and tan = 0.0004. If the resonant
frequency is 3 GHz, determine
i. Length of the resonator
ii. Quality factor of the resonator.

Solution

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