T Mehedof Chaveohenzhesfor Genev

Quasi-hncar First-Onoer PDE

a(zy) u+blziy)u =ecrJ-
Wete Hab evey encar fist-onr PDE
alko a
semi-eafint- ovele PDE and evey dei- linag
st-ordew POE ealko a gesi lindrfskoue
PDE: na Sns- hree nsi- hnea.
atuy)4*b x)Uy + et»y)u=frmy) -kacrr
atuy) ux+6anyuy =ftxiyu) Semi-kick
atayu) uxeblay,u)uy=f(4)eQunsi- e a
Ascume He »lkan af eform: u=utny)-it
Tresetr He sohuhon barfa e Si RS.

S:uutK g,4-Saee
S

niiad
Gonditiorn,
uve
S: u=utkD > faJ)= utzy)-u=6,
Cespietfovm) (implieik frn)
NermlSt
4+uyj- Sph
L V ad+j+ck,w esa(ai4), b=6(xyyu)

Cumy, Sat
vesfor ud Vn àd bayankpene of
6faa He farik(sg)
The Sufa etangenk6 Ve e called inegradsurfoae.
ie, Me vetor V= ,bu¬) detovaines a diecbsn wiek is

- h cheractoneie
oluieRn,or Hhe Morge Axic.
S:u=uYD '

dr=dri+dj+das
Ta eloy V
planehe enfaec

Vx d -3.
=
dxdy du

(bdu-cdy)i+ledx-adu) j+lay-bdx)k 3
Weget ha deqaye- CharpitEguaRene:
=d
Ex)Desive He r e e C a p tCrhoe.
 2
and
atnyu)
anel 4 - b )

dluc( and = btayya

dly bz4)
Th ahove þaw ofenBone ty ave calleol he Charechrishe
Enone tf He quasi-neer PDE
A fanily ofurves in
anyspace hat
sit i HesoluHu
SawS-here
d a aarves are clled
Chevaekenshes ofH
POE (afee Cameky).
Comments
T e prejeadion ef a eharnchreke aurve i He
(p-plane (u -o)is called a cherackishe base
Ourve, pojecrd eharaeidhe Curve , a r

Simply Ckaväckreh.

aa has only two indeheneleut OdEc. Hoe, t ie

two -paramehr faily of chanacleieße arves
Cagu-paea: Flasu,A,8)=oandGkyuAB
Threk eat parit (anzdishu heve a
p charactoriehe Curve anela tangondvafor
V-abc) 6 eny md poid.
4) We can fesdaueh suefaes dnafhadly by spefung
Baa funeSan ofA: 8 -hCA). Tkie inpties a one
paranetor faiyofechemckoiie urves-a surpae.
Fg4, A,ha))=o and G(zugu,Ashlan) =co,
 enplle yelimnatng A behwew he ons:
= o a d G(ryuA, k0))
=o.
Fgu,A,hA))
PDE:
Ex: Find he geneml
oobahos af guast- Ginee

a
carea
Momaye
a =o.
Dt
eurb=!aned co. eiprocal doraye-
Chavfi Crnbons:

dx -= a * a t A ,
ACartan.

Bha
du = o u = ¬onrhane =w8,
hhmgcAal
dt
2 = a t +A A tue-pavanelor
familyofchemehddke
Curve
onu-

fanelon ahA dahre

a

Speridyg 8 a
Speibogaot
ee
Curve m
ehernehidhe
ODko, f a e e .
=hA).
oohubon: 3
Thegenwd hi a

u zy) =h(z-a),»kan
.
awbiran funchon. (x -ak) vatraficshn PDE
Che u y - h
Ex:
/he.9envt 9 o l u n
Anoher wey feoking nt au + 2 =o.

Led V (a,)8 vu =(4

/ua,4). Real ofo Sealr
)Dedvae ad
Feld.
V.Vu o he dieehn olervak've
u alongV t zevo Tkorne,
u=loschant=B,\
of .

Gnas: * - a t - A .
charaeafn
u tyt)= h (A) -ha-at) V e

Ex: Frdd He genawa ooluhon of He gnaaji- ine PDE:

hinsar
Noa-homoant du
Feiet-ovd
y, C su.
Note: ur =)
T bagnpe-Charfit Egakens:
de. - dy. =da
Sepavnkon of Vanadle:

a s A y , A avhhory
SepananafVarnls oanond,

du -u l a =lay +lh8
dy u =y8. Twe-Pevamshor
=B faiyf
A an Chavaskidht
Curvac

A oleris one -faram

B es a farchon of
Sefyira h(A), a
opchavactaithe tume: B.
family
 Thegevand 9oluton 8 h(A).

uMg)-h(),
k
an a kiheyfhanaa
NOTE: Hadwe eleckhd He epakans ol fwm:

ganend oohukon: uenp =*J)4***

avbihay unaßon.
gonewrd ootuksn ef He PDE U*Yyuy
: =
Ex: Fidd he

Tka-dagange-CharfitEgmaRone
Note: a l,b =y, e o.
dx d

y=AeAsel u =lonst =B.

ootuhoa: 8hA).
The geneval
whone h is a n
utzy)= h(e),
a i renyfuneßon charaekriehe

ihak Gerve
E: FiAd He ookukon af PDE:4ty =o »bvea G6
oalefper He aurilaey ndihon uloig)y
We knoeHe genuad ooluhon: utxiy)= hle)
wle h is aw abibney funehon
We use He ailiary ondiin é fx Hafanokos h.

utey=y3 hlej)y
htg)y? ho-z'
Prporhias 2oukion: utay)=E)-E
utayy=e
Ex: Solve le PDE: uz t2xg uy
The dagrarge-Chaft Egahons
-

= =
2 and clu o

y=(A -**) and u =oast-8.

Tegenanl tohuhn: B-hlA)
ary)h +*),»k hu au
ahibay fenaksn.
 ()=
T = ($)y
K= (f)y =(kio)n
y=un y anoo rmotH ry ovvy M
H24yns o-nhaz+ *n : 34d H 2°S :*3
he . e
HP