Chapter 5 Chain

Chapter 5 Chain Drive
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Parts of chain drives
5.3 Geometry of chain drives
5.4 Lubrications
5.5 Kinematics of chain drives
5.6 Kinds of failures in chain drives
5.7 Calculations of chain drives
5.8 Using of CAD software
https://sites.google.com/site/designoftransmissionsystems/Design-of-Flexible-
Elements/chain-drive
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Huu Loc

2
Learning Outcomes
- Compute the geometry and tensions of chain

(L01.3)
- Calculate and select the chains (LO4.4)
- Use the CAD softwares to select the chains
(LO5.2)
3
5.1 Introduction
4
5.1 Introduction
3
v
2
5
5
5.1 Introduction
6
5.1 Introduction
toad
https://vietjack.com/giai-bai-tap-cong-nghe-9/ly-thuyet-bai-2-cau-
tao-xe-dap.jsp
https://youtu.be/bAL_nWjuhOI
1. Sprocket rim (Vành líp); 2. Ratchet (Con chó (dog) - Con cóc (toad) – Con cá (Fish)); 7
5.1 Introduction
Leonardo da
Vinci sketched
the chain designs
in the 1500s
5.1 General
In 225 B.C., Philo

described a chain-
driven water lift
8
5.1 Introduction
Power transmission chain

and Houling chain
Houling chain - Xích kéo
9
5.1 Introduction
Case study
10
5.1 Introduction
a) b) c)
d) e) f)
g) h) i)
j)
Hìnhk)5.2 Các loại xích
a,b) Loads or lifting chain; v =< 0,25m/s for suspending, hoisting lowring
loads
c) Houling chain; =< 2…4m/s for propelling or carrying load in conveying
machine
d-k) Power transmission chain small pitch to reduce dynamic (impact) load
11
5.1 Introduction
Power transmission chain: roller chain and silent chain
Roller chain drove the propellers on the Wright

Brothers’ first airplane.
Chain drive on a safety

bicycle (1895) and machine
12
5.1 Introduction
Roller chain drives in a

drawworks
Roller chain drives in a

motobike
13
5.1 Introduction
The first notable
commercial use of silent
chain was not until 1843 in
the SS Great Britain
14
5.2 Type of chain (Các dạng xích)
Typical silent chain conveyor.
Plastic flat-top chain
Side-flexing flat-top chain 15

5.2 Type of chain
Roller chain
An exploded view of pin links and roller links

Roller chain:
1. Inner plat;
2. Outer plat;
3. Pin;
4. Bush;
5. Roller;
16
5.2 Type of chain
Roller chain:
1. Inner plat;
2. Outer plat;
3. Pin;
4. Bush;
5. Roller;
17
An assembled roller link
Roller Chain Even number Odd number
pc
of links of links
h
1 2 3 4 5 6
do
bo
b)
Roller chain: a) The pins of chain a riveted over so
1. Inner plat; 2. Outer plat; that chains can not be taken apart.
3. Pin; 4. Bush; 5. Roller; The ends of the chain are usually
6. Tooth of sprocket joined by a connecting link with
18
cotter pin.
The two most common

types of connecting links for
roller chain
Final connection on a roller chain drive

19
Typical offset and straight link drive single chains
Roller chain offset section Double-strand roller chain
Standard multiple-strand roller chain 20

5.2 Type of chain (Các dạng xích)With these surfaces each link
meshes with two teeth of the
sprocket.
Silent Chain – Xích răng
Single-pin with sliding-friction joints Two-pin with rolling friction 21

joints
Connecting link for silent chain with two-
pin joints.
Typical silent chain with side guides – Xích răng với dẫn hướng 2 bên
Typical silent chain with center guide – Xích răng với dẫn hướng ở giữa
22
SPROCKETS FOR ROLLER CHAIN
Four sprocket types are included in ASME B29.1
standard:
• Type A is a plain plate sprocket without hub.
• Type B has the hub on one side only.
Typical webbed
• Type C has the hub on both sides.
sprocket, type C
• Type D has a detachable hub.
Roller chain sprockets,

types A, B, and C Typical spoked
sprocket, type C. 23
Roller chain
sprocket, type D.
Typical roller chain split sprocket

with split demountable hub
Taper lock bushing and 24
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Huu Loc sprocket
5.2 Type of chain
Typical sprockets for multiple-

strand roller chain.
25
5.2 Type of chain
Sprocket for
Sprockets for duplex silent
silent chain chain
Đĩa xích răng
Silent chain
meshing with
sprocket
26
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Huu Loc Sprockets for standard silent chain
1. Number of tooth for driving sprocket: z1 = 29 – 2u; zmax  100120

2. Pitch diameter d or dp:
3. Outer diameter
27
4. Center distance a: a = (3050)pc and amax= 80pc
To the drive has a normal mode, we should reduce the distance a, calculated by
formula (5.9), by an interval a = (0.002...0.004)a. When working, due wearing and
stretching, the chain drive should have a componets to adjust the center distance
or tension of the sprockets.
5. Number of links X:
6. Length of chans L = X.pc 28

ANSI B29.1-1975
29
Single-strand roller chain cast

sprocket wheel dimensions.
Multiple-strand roller chain

cast sprocket wheel
dimensions.
30
Silent Chain – Xích răng
Silents chain consists of a series of links fomed from laminated

steel plates. Each plate has two teeth with a space between them
to accommodate the mating tooth of the sprocket. The working
surfaces of the chain teeth are the external ones and are planes
31
Sprocket for
reversible
silent chain.
Typical
silent chain
drive
Layout of standard sprocket tooth form for silent chain

32
Kích thước đĩa xích răng
Standard sprocket tooth profiles for silent chains
33
5.4 Lubrication types for chain drives
Bôi trơn bộ truyền xích
Chains need good lubrication for six important reasons:

• Lubrication helps prevents wear of the pin-bushing joint.
• Lubrication cushions impact loads.
• Lubrication dissipates heat.
• Lubrication flushes away wear debris and other foreign
materials.
• Lubrication smoothes chain to sprocket contact.
• Lubrication prevents rust and corrosion.
34
Lubrication types for chain drives
Type I, manual or drip lubrication.
Type II, oil bath or slinger disk lubrication.
Type III, oil stream lubrication.
Manual lubrication
Drip lubrication 35
Oil bath lubrication
Slinger disk lubrication 36

Oil stream lubrication

(Forced feed lubrication)
Oil distribution with oil stream lubrication
37
Typical chain casing
Chain casing dimensions

38
5.5 Velocity and speed ratio
1- Average velocity and speed ratio
n – speed of rotation rpm
dn n zpc z2 n1
v  ;u   , z – number of teeth
60000 60000 z1 n 2 pc – chain pitch, mm
2- The Instantaneous velocity and speed ratio
v1 v
v1 A
 v, m/s
v2 v2
B v2
1 v1 v
C

v
 v1
t, s

1 d2 cos  
ut  
2 d1 cos  39
where 1 – constant angular velocity of driving
For driving sprocket: sprocket
v1 = 0,51d1sin; D1 – pitch diameter of driving sprocket
 - angle between tooth and vertical when
v2 = 0,51d1cos the driving
joint is turn -1/2    1/2 and 1 = 2/z1
For driven sprocket:
v’1 = 0,52d2sin; v2’= 0,52d2cos
-2/2    2/2 and 2 = 2/z2
2- The Instantaneous velocity and speed ratio v2= v2’
1 d2 cos 
ut  
2 d1 cos 
- The speed ratio is not constant;
- The greater number of teeth on the sprockets the uniform the
motion
- Then speed ratio close to one, the more uniform the motion will be
and when z1= z2 then u = constant
40
Speed Variation
41
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Huu Loc Chordal action
5.5 Tension and force acting on shaft
Useful force: Ft = F1 – F2
The tension of the chain due to the centrifugal: Fv = q m v 2

v – chain velocity, m/s; qm- the weight per 1 meter of length
chain of the side taken.
The initial tension from the weight: Fo = Kfaqmg
Kf- coefficient dependent for the angle  of inclination of the
drive to the horizontal;  = 0 - Kf=6;  up to 400 - Kf=4;  over
400 - Kf=2 and  = 900 - Kf=1; a – center distance,mm.
g = 9.81 m/s2 – acceleration of gravity
Tension in the tight and loose sides: F1  Ft; F2  0

Force acting on the shaft: Fr = KmFt
Km- coefficient of weight chain dependent for the angle  of
inclination of the drive to horizontal:  = 0 (the horizontal) up to
400 - Km=1,15;  over 400 to 900 - Km= 1;
Ft – Useful force 42
5.5 Tension and force acting on shaft
Force acting on the shaft: Fr = KmFt
Force acting on the shaft:

- V belt
1
Frb  2 F0 sin( )
2
- Flat belt
1
Frb  3F0 sin( )
2 43
5.7 Failure and criteria of calculation
Worn roller chain drive sprocket
Worn roller chain idler sprocket

44
a -the worn tooth carries roller A well past the

normal disengagement point.
b - The slack span tension pulls roller A out of the
“hook” on the worn tooth.
c - The chain snaps back and roller B impacts the
next tooth
New roller chain on a worn sprocket
(Xích mới trên đĩa xích đã mòn)
45
WEAR and STRENGH
46
Sprockets with new
and worn chain
Wear resistanse
2
1
F F
do
a) b)
PC
pc
o
d
p’ c
F F

c) Baùnh daãn
d) d’
a
47
d
5.8 Calculations of drives
Calculation of roller chain according to wear resistance
Ft Kx
p   [ p ]  [ po ]
A K
Calculated factors :K = KrKaKoKdcKbKlv
infer from here: P  Ft v  [ p o ] A z1 n1 p c K
1 x
1000 1000 K 60000
[ po ] Az 01n01 pc
if we put: [ P] 
6.107
KK z K n P1
We have: Pt   [ P]
Kx
where: Pt - calculated power
- [P] - allowable power of single-row roller drive with pitch chain pc
- Kz = 25/z1 - factor taking into account the influence of sprocket teeth
-Kn = n01/n1 - the coefficient of rotational speed, the value of n01 is given in table (5.4).
48
49
50
Capacities of chains – Khả năng tải xích
Rated Horsepower
Capacity of Single-
Strand Single-Pitch
Roller Chain for a 17-
Tooth Sprocket
Source: Compiled
from ANSI B29.1-
1975 information
only section, and
from B29.9-1958.
51
PGS.TS Nguyễn Hữu Lộc
The capacities of chains

are based on the
following:
• 15 000 h at full load
• Single strand
• ANSI proportions
• Service factor of unity
• 100 pitches in length
• Recommended
lubrication
• Elongation maximum of 3
percent
• Horizontal shafts
• Two 17-tooth sprockets
52
Check calculation:
T1 K P1 K
pc  2,82 3  600 3
z1[ po ]K x z1n1[ po ]K x
Derive the formula for determining the load capacity:
53
54
Exercise Type 1
Exercise 4.6 (4.8)
Calculate the roller chain drive used to transmit motion

and power to the main shaft of the automatic lathe
according to the given data: power on the driving sprocket
P1 = 2.6 kW, the number of revolutions of the driven
sprocket n2 = 400 rpm, speed ratio u = 2, center distance
a = 750 mm, center distance is adjustable, low impact
load, periodic lubrication, working two shifts per day, the
line connecting the centerline of the incline to the
horizontal at an angle of 80 degrees.
55
Exercise type 2
Exercise 4.16
The roller chain transmission has the following parameters:

chain pitch pc = 25.4 mm, number of teeth of driving sprocket z1
= 25, speed ratio u = 2, number of revolutions of driving sprocket
n1 = 540 rpm. Horizontal transmission, working with light impact,
center distance a = 1000 mm, periodically lubricated, sprocket
shaft adjustable, working 1 shift, chain 1 row.
a) Determine the load capacity of the chain drive (calculate the
torque T1 and the transmission power P1).
b) If the lubrication condition is changed to continuous, to
transmit the power found in a) what is the chain pitch pc?
56

Chapter 5 Chain

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Chapter 5 Chain

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Chapter 5 Chain Drive

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Huu Loc

- Compute the geometry and tensions of chain

In 225 B.C., Philo

Power transmission chain

Houling chain - Xích kéo

Roller chain drove the propellers on the Wright

Chain drive on a safety

Roller chain drives in a

Roller chain drives in a

Plastic flat-top chain

Side-flexing flat-top chain 15

An exploded view of pin links and roller links

The two most common

Final connection on a roller chain drive

Typical offset and straight link drive single chains

Roller chain offset section Double-strand roller chain

Standard multiple-strand roller chain 20

Silent Chain – Xích răng

Single-pin with sliding-friction joints Two-pin with rolling friction 21

Roller chain sprockets,

Typical roller chain split sprocket

Typical sprockets for multiple-

1. Number of tooth for driving sprocket: z1 = 29 – 2u; zmax  100120

6. Length of chans L = X.pc 28

Single-strand roller chain cast

Multiple-strand roller chain

Silents chain consists of a series of links fomed from laminated

Layout of standard sprocket tooth form for silent chain

Standard sprocket tooth profiles for silent chains

Chains need good lubrication for six important reasons:

Oil bath lubrication

Slinger disk lubrication 36

Oil stream lubrication

Oil distribution with oil stream lubrication

Typical chain casing

Chain casing dimensions

The tension of the chain due to the centrifugal: Fv = q m v 2

Tension in the tight and loose sides: F1  Ft; F2  0

Force acting on the shaft: Fr = KmFt

Force acting on the shaft:

Worn roller chain drive sprocket

Worn roller chain idler sprocket

a -the worn tooth carries roller A well past the

The capacities of chains

Derive the formula for determining the load capacity:

Calculate the roller chain drive used to transmit motion

The roller chain transmission has the following parameters:

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