TRANSITION WORDS & PHRASES/ FUNCTIONAL LANGUAGE

1. Addition
Additionally,
In addition,
Moreover,
Furthermore,
Similarly, My friend is very lazy. In addition, he is stupid.
In similar fashion, (it would be much better to use when you want to
In like manner, add a new big idea)
Likewise,
Equally important,

Also => My friend is very lazy. He is also stupid Use when you want to add more
As well => My friend is very lazy. He is stupid as well info/ small idea in the same big
As well as => My friend is very lazy as well as stupid idea
2. Contradiction
In contrast,
On the contrary,
However, My friend is lazy. In contrast, he is kind to people.
Nevertheless,
Nonetheless,

Although……, - Mike is lazy. Unlike Mike, Sue is hard working

Even though…., - Although/Even though Mike is lazy, when his mother
Unlike……., shouts at him, he still has to clean his room

Despite his bad manner, I still love him

Despite Despite the fact that he has a bad manner,
In spite of + NP,….. I still love him
+ the fact that + Cl,…..
The percentage of grass increased while the percentage of zebras
Cl + while/whereas/ whilst + Cl =>
decreased

3. Emphasis
It is important/ vital/essential/ crucial to note that =>Human demands about food or
Obviously, clothes are getting higher.
Particularly,/ Especially,/ in particular, +Cl
Particularly, they kill more
In fact, animals to satisfy their needs.
Indeed,

4. Restate

In other words,
To put it differently, => My brother is lazy. In other
Cl + +Cl words, he only does things if
That is to say,
To put it another way, there is someone who forces him
to do.
5. Problem-Solution
State solutions
• The right step/ measure to be taken is… (TS)
• the first step would be to ensure that….(TS)
• It is also vitally important to make sure that….(TS)
• It is time for government/individuals/ companies/ schools/families to… (TS)
• it is advisable/wise/sensible/necessary/highly desirable that….(TS)
• What needs to be done is…(TS)
• (solution 1) and (solution 2) are two major measures that could be taken to stop the problem of
(problem) (THs)
 6. Comparison
Sample Language frames for Comparison and Contrast

Comparison 1. _______ and ___________ both show ________________

2. _______ and _____________ are like in that they both HAVE/ ARE ____________.
Commonly used
transitions: 3. __________ and _____________ all show _____________.
Likewise,
Similarly, 4. Likewise, both are __________________
Along the same
lines, 5. Similarly, ___________ and __________ are __________________
In the same way,
Both, 6. In the same way, _______ and __________ are __________________.
As well as,
On a similar note, 7. Along the same lines, _______ and __________ are __________________.
Alike,
Also 8. _____________as well as _____________+VERB+ _____________
In like manner, 9. ___ also has ___

Contrast 1. _______ is ________, while ___________ is __________________.

Commonly used 2. __________ is___________, but ____________ is _______________

transitions:
Although, 3. _________ and ____________ are different in _______________.
but,
by contrast, 4. While ________ shows __________, __________ shows __________.
Conversely,
Despite the fact, 5. ______ is _______, on the other hand/ On the contrary, _______ is __________.
even though,
however, 6. ________________, yet _______________________.
in contrast,
Nevertheless, 7.Although _________________, ________________________
Nonetheless, 8. Unlike _________________, _________________is_________________
On the contrary,
9. Even though ___ has ___, ___ has ___.
On the other
hand, regardless, 10. ___ and ___ differ because ___
Whereas,
While,
Yet
Unlike
LANGUAGE FOR TOPIC SENTENCE
• One of the most obvious differences between cat and dog is………
• There is a great difference in ………..
• One important difference is…………
• Another prominent difference between cat and dog is…………
• ………………is a noticeable dissimilarity
• Another difference to consider is………….
• Cat and dog differ in …………….
 7. Cause and effect
Result in
Cl Lead to + NP Smoke released from factories leads to
(cause)+ Contribute to (effect)=> air pollution
Bring about
Cause

Cl (effect) + Because of => Animals die because of the

On account of + NP (cause) environmental destruction
Due to
Owing to

Because
Cl (effect) + As + NP (cause) => Animals die because people
Since destroy the environment excessively

As a result,
As a consequence,
Consequently,
Cl
Because of this, + Cl (effect) => People destroy the environment
(cause)+
Accordingly, excessively. As a result, animals die
Hence,
Therefore,
Thus, => People destroy the environment excessively, and
For this reason, animals die for this reason.

Result in
Cl Lead to => Smoke released from the factories
(cause)+ Contribute to leads to the fact that the air is
+ the fact that + Cl
Bring about polluted
Cause

Introducing the cause Introducing the effect

 A major cause of X is Y  One of the most serious issues is….
 Perhaps the major cause of this is….
 The main/primary cause of this is….
 A further cause of this is…
 An additional cause of X is Y
 ….also plays a role in (effect)
 ….is often/usually responsible for (effect)