NEWTON’S

LAWS OF MOTION
PREPARED BY:
LADY SHEENA O. DETABLAN
 OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. state Newton’s three laws of motion,
2. differentiate between contact and non-contact forces,
3. distinguish between mass and weight,
4. identify action-reaction pairs, and
5. draw free-body diagrams.
Is the object’s position changing?
Force and Interaction

Force - an interaction between

two bodies or between a body
and its environment that can
cause the object to accelerate.
A vector quantity that causes a
change in an object's motion.
FORCES ACTING ON THE MOVING BALL

Normal Force

Applied Force

Friction

Gravitational Force
Are there any forces acting on the ball when it is stationary?

BALANCED
FORCES does not
Normal Force change the
position of the
object

Gravitational Force
WILL THE BALL EVER STOP MOVING?
NO
NOTE:
If the object is stationary and the net
force = 0, it will continue remain at
rest.If the object is moving at uniform
velocity and the net force = 0, it will
continue move at the same velocity.

UNIFORM VELOCITY

No air resistance
Frictionless floor
 CONTACT FORCES
Normal Force - exerted on an object
by any surface with which it is in
contact.
�� = 0

�� = �� + −��

�� + −�� = 0
�� = ��
 CONTACT FORCES
Friction Force - exerted on an
object by a surface acts parallel
to the surface, in the direction
that opposes sliding.

�� = ���
 CONTACT FORCES
Applied Force - a contact force
that is applied to an object by
external means.
 CONTACT FORCES
Tension Force - the pulling force Spring Force - a
exerted by a stretched rope or restoring force that
cord on an object to which it’s tends to retract the
attached. spring back to its
original position.
 NON - CONTACT FORCE
Gravitational force - it is a downward
force that is equal to the object’s
weight when that object is resting on
a surface.
 FIRST LAW OF MOTION (LAW OF INERTIA)
“Any object at rest remains at rest, or an object in
motion continues to be in motion at constant
velocity along a straight line unless acted on by
external force.”
Inertia - tendency of a body to keep moving once it
is set in motion; tendency of the body at rest to
remain at rest.
Application: Seatbelts used in vehicles
 SECOND LAW OF MOTION (LAW OF ACCELERATION)
“ The acceleration of a body is directly
proportional to the force exerted on the body and
is in the same direction as this force.”

Application: Pushing a massive object

 MASS vs WEIGHT
Mass - the measurement of
how much matter is
contained within an object
Weight - a force exerted on a
body by the pull of gravity.
THIRD LAW OF MOTION (LAW OF INTERACTION)
“For every action, there is an equal and opposite
reaction.”

Application: Swimming
 FREE BODY DIAGRAM
Free Body Diagrams (FBD) are useful aids for representing the
relative magnitude and direction of all forces acting upon an object in
a given situation.
Steps on constructing a free-body diagram:

1. Draw the object/s under consideration; it does not have to be artistic.

2. Include all forces that act on the object, representing these forces as vectors.
Consider the types of forces —normal force, friction, tension, and spring force—as well
as weight and applied force.
3. Draw a box and add arrows for each existing force in the appropriate direction;
label each force arrow according to its type.
Construct a free-body diagram:
1. A box at rest on a table.
2. A box attached to a rope that hangs from the ceiling.
3. A rightward force is applied to the box in order to move it
across the table with rightward acceleration.
4. An object sliding down on an inclined plane.
5. A rocket launching into space.
 FLUID FRICTION / FLUID RESISTANCE
Fluid friction is the force that resists motion either within the fluid
itself or of another medium moving through the fluid.

Air resistance is a kind of

friction!
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
A car pulled by a tow truck has an acceleration of
2.0m/s2. What is the mass of the car if the net force on
the car is 3,000N?
�
�=
�
3000�
�=
2.0�/�2
� = 1,500 ��
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
A net force of 20N pulls two carts tied together with a string (as shown in the
illustration). The carts, with masses 3kg and 4kg, respectively, run on a frictionless
level surface.
a.) the acceleration of the 3-kg cart ( a3)
Solution:
Given: F = ma
m1 = 4kg 20N = (4kg + 3kg)a
m2 = 3kg
F = 20N
a = 2.86m/s2
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
A net force of 20N pulls two carts tied together with a string (as shown in the
illustration). The carts, with masses 3kg and 4kg, respectively, run on a smooth level
surface.
b.) the acceleration of the 4-kg cart
Answer: acceleration of 4-kg cart is also 2.86m/s2
since they are connected to one another.
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
A small car (mass = 380kg) is pushing a a large truck (mass = 900kg)
due east on a level road. The car exerts a horizontal force of 1200N on
the truck. What is the magnitude of the force that the truck exerts on
the car?

The force and the reaction force are always exactly the
same in magnitude, so the force that the car exerts on the
car is also 1200N on the opposite direction.
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
A man pushes a block of mass 25kg so that it slides at a constant velocity
along a level floor. Calculate the magnitude of the applied force if the
coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the floor is 0.20.
�� = 0
�� = �� + − �� �� = �� + − ��
�� = 0
0 = �� + −�� 0 = �� + −��
�� = �� �� = ��
�� = �� �� = (0.2)(245�)
�� = (25)(9.8) �� = 49�
�� = 245�
A 2kg wooden signage is hanging
from two ropes. Find the value of
tension forces exerted by ropes 1 and
2. Draw the free body diagram.
 In the depicted figure, an object
hangs in the air, supported by
three ropes. Given that the third
��3� rope applies a force of 250N on
the object, determine the tension
��3� forces exerted by ropes 1 and 2.
QUIZ 2 – REVIEW PROJECTILE MOTION

1. What do you call the arrow that goes from the origin of
the coordinate system to the point wherein your object is
positioned on a 2D plane?
A.Displacement Vector
B.Position Vector
C.Acceleration Vector
D.Position Vector
QUIZ 2 – REVIEW PROJECTILE MOTION
2. Displacement vector refers to the overall change in position of an
object. Which of the following is NOT true regarding the displacement
vector of an object moving on a 2-dimensional coordinate system?

A. It is the difference between the final and initial position vectors.

B. It is dependent on the path taken by the object during its motion.
C. It is the shortest distance from the initial position to the final
position of a particle undergoing motion.
D. It will only have components along the x and y axis.
QUIZ 2 – REVIEW PROJECTILE MOTION
3. In projectile motion, when air resistance is neglected,
which of the following is true about the horizontal
component of the velocity?
A.It is always equal to zero.
B.It remains constant.
C.It increases with time.
D.It decreases with time.
QUIZ 2 – REVIEW PROJECTILE MOTION

4. If two projectiles are launched at the same angle but different

initial velocities, which one will reach a greater range of
horizontal distance?
A.The one launched with the least initial velocity.
B.The one launched with the highest initial velocity
C.They will both reach the same range; initial velocity does not
affect the horizontal distance.
D.The one launched with the least initial velocity but is heavier in
terms of mass.
QUIZ 2 – REVIEW PROJECTILE MOTION

5. Ignoring air resistance, which is true about the vertical velocity

component of a projectile when it is vertically launched?
A.Constant
B.Velocity along y decreases as the object moves upward
C.Velocity along y increases as the object moves upward
D.Velocity along y when the object reached its maximum height
is a non-zero value
QUIZ 2 – REVIEW PROJECTILE MOTION

6. What is the relationship between the range and launch angle of a

projectile?
A. The range is maximum at 90degrees
B. Launch angles less than 45° is directly proportional to the range. As
the launch angle increases, the range also increases.
C. Launch angles greater than 45° is inversely proportional to the range.
As the launch angle increases, the range also increases.
D.The range is constant, regardless of the launch angle.
QUIZ 2 – REVIEW PROJECTILE MOTION

7. When a projectile is launched horizontally, what is the initial

velocity in the vertical direction (y component)?
A.Zero
B.Equal to the horizontal velocity
C.Half of the horizontal velocity
D.Double of the horizontal velocity
QUIZ 2 – REVIEW PROJECTILE MOTION

8. If an object’s position changes from ri = 2i + 3j to r2 =

6i − 8j, what is its displacement vector?
A.∆� = 4i − 11j
B.∆� =− 4i + 11j
C.∆� = 4i + 11j
D.∆� =− 4i − 11j
QUIZ 2 – REVIEW PROJECTILE MOTION

9. In an ideal environment wherein air resistance, curvature and

rotation of the Earth is neglected, what type of trajectory does an
object assume when it is launched horizontally from an elevated
position above the ground?
A.A straight line along the x-axis
B.A full parabolic curve
C.Half of the parabolic curve
D.A perfect circle
QUIZ 2 – REVIEW PROJECTILE MOTION

10. What is the optimal launch angle for achieving the

maximum range in ideal projectile motion?
A.0 degrees
B.45 degrees
C.90 degrees
D.15 degrees
QUIZ 2 – REVIEW PROJECTILE MOTION

1.A soccer player kicks a ball horizontally from a height of

2meters above the ground. If the ball was launched with an
initial velocity of 2m/s, how long will the ball be in the air
before it hit the ground? (b) How far away from point above
where it was kicked will it land?
3 2
2.Given a particle’s position vector �(�) = 2� � + ( 3 + 2�)� +
�
3
�3 � , find the velocity and acceleration vectors.
QUIZ 2 – REVIEW PROJECTILE MOTION
AHS B, D , E

1.What do you call the arrow that is tangent to the path of

a moving particle on a 2D plane and is being referred to
as the rate of change of the particle’s position?
A.Displacement Vector
B.Velocity Vector
C.Acceleration Vector
D.Position Vector
QUIZ 2 – REVIEW PROJECTILE MOTION
AHS B, D , E

2. Displacement vector refers to the overall change in position of an object.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the displacement vector of an
object moving on a 2-dimensional coordinate system?
A. It is the sum between the final and initial position vectors.
B. It is independent on the path taken by the object during its motion.
C. It is the shortest distance from the initial position to the final position of
a particle undergoing motion.
D.It will only have components along the x and y axis.
QUIZ 2 – REVIEW PROJECTILE MOTION
AHS B, D , E

3. In projectile motion, when air resistance is neglected, which of

the following is true about the horizontal component of the
velocity?
A.It does not change.
B.It will be equal to zero once the object reached its maximum
height.
C.It increases with time.
D.It decreases with time.
QUIZ 2 – REVIEW PROJECTILE MOTION
AHS B, D , E

4. If two projectiles are launched at the same angle but different initial
velocities, which one will reach a greater range of horizontal distance?
A. The one launched with the greater initial velocity.
B. The one launched with the lesser initial velocity
C. They will both reach the same range; initial velocity does not affect the
horizontal distance.
D.The one launched with the least initial velocity but is heavier in terms of
mass.
QUIZ 2 – REVIEW PROJECTILE MOTION
AHS B, D , E

5. Ignoring air resistance, which is true about the vertical velocity

component of a projectile when it is vertically launched?
A.Constant
B.Velocity along y decreases as the object moves upward
C.Velocity along y increases as the object moves upward
D.Velocity along y when the object reached its maximum height
is a non-zero value
QUIZ 2 – REVIEW PROJECTILE MOTION
AHS B, D , E

6. What is the relationship between the range and launch angle

of a projectile?
A.Launch angles less than 45° is directly proportional to the
range. As the launch angle increases, the range also increases.
B.Launch angles greater than 45° is directly proportional to the
range. As the launch angle increases, the range also increases.
C.The range is maximum at 90degrees
D.The range is constant, regardless of the launch angle.
QUIZ 2 – REVIEW PROJECTILE MOTION
AHS B, D , E

7. When a projectile is launched horizontally, what is the

initial velocity in the vertical direction (y component)?
A.Zero
B.Equal to the horizontal velocity
C.Half of the horizontal velocity
D.Double of the horizontal velocity
QUIZ 2 – REVIEW PROJECTILE MOTION
AHS B, D , E

8. If an object’s position changes from ri = 5i + 2j to r2 =

7i − 11j, what is its displacement vector?
A.∆� = 2i − 13j
B.∆� =− 2 + 13j
C.∆� = 12i + 9j
D.∆� =− 12i − 9j
QUIZ 2 – REVIEW PROJECTILE MOTION
AHS B, D , E

9. In an ideal environment wherein air resistance, curvature and

rotation of the Earth is neglected, what type of trajectory does an
object assume when it is launched vertically with respect to the
ground?
A.A straight line along the x-axis
B.A full parabolic curve
C.Half of the parabolic curve
D.A perfect circle
QUIZ 2 – REVIEW PROJECTILE MOTION
AHS B, D , E

10. What is the optimal launch angle for achieving the

maximum range in ideal projectile motion?
A.0 degrees
B.90 degrees
C.15 degrees
D.45 degrees
QUIZ 2 – REVIEW PROJECTILE MOTION
AHS B, D , E

1. A cannon on the ground is fired a cannonball 30° with respect to the

ground and with an initial velocity of 30m/s.
a. How long will it take to hit the ground?
b. How far from the cannon will it reach?
c. Solve the maximum height that the cannonball would reach.
1. A soccer player kicks a ball horizontally from a height of 6 meters above
the ground. If the ball was launched with an initial velocity of 3m/s, how
long will the ball be in the air before it hit the ground? (b) How far away
from point above where it was kicked will it land?
1 3
−1
2. Given a particle’s position vector �(�) = 4� � + ( 2 + 2)� + �3 � , find
�
the velocity and acceleration vectors.
INCLINED PLANE
In the figure below, let the mass of the block be 50 kg and the angle is 45˚.
Find the (a) tension in the cord, and the (b) normal force acting on the block.
INCLINED PLANE
A 50-kg mass is placed on a frictionless incline that makes an angle of
30degrees with respect to the horizontal. Find its acceleration.
INCLINED PLANE
A block with a mass of 50kg is placed on an earthbound plane
elevated 35° off the horizontal. If the coefficient of friction between
the mass and incline is 0.2, find its acceleration?
PULLEY
A string is placed over a massless and frictionless pulley.
A mass of 8kg is suspended at one end while a mass of
5kg is suspended from the other end. What is the
acceleration of the system?
PULLEY
A 15kg box rests on a frictionless horizontal surface attached to a 5-
kg box . a.) What is the acceleration of the system? b.) What are the
tension in the ropes?