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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Catalog
1. Definition of planning............................................................................................................................ 5
2. Advantages of planning......................................................................................................................... 6
The reason why planning plays an essential role in management is because of the benefits it brings for
individuals or businesses that aim for specific goals. Some pros are illustrated to clarify its influence................6
a. Forms goal-oriented management simpler.........................................................................................6
b. Incertitudes minimization.................................................................................................................. 6
c. Cooperation promotion....................................................................................................................... 6
d. Employees’ virtuous improvement..................................................................................................... 7
e. “One-upmanship” provision............................................................................................................... 7
f. Innovations encouragement................................................................................................................ 7
g. Ease administration issues................................................................................................................. 7
h. Economies achieving.......................................................................................................................... 8
i. Earn credibility and trust of Stakeholders...........................................................................................8
j. Improves decision making................................................................................................................... 8
3. Disadvantages of planning...................................................................................................................... 8
a. Rigidity:.............................................................................................................................................. 8
b. Uncertain Future:................................................................................................................................ 9
c. Time-Consuming:............................................................................................................................... 9
d. Costly:................................................................................................................................................ 9
e. Resistance to Change:..................................................................................................................... 10
f. False Sense of Security:.................................................................................................................... 10
g. Lack of Creativity:............................................................................................................................. 10
h. Inability to Predict:............................................................................................................................ 10
i. Dependency on Assumptions:........................................................................................................... 11
j. Overlooking Short-Term Opportunities:............................................................................................. 11
4. One example of planning..................................................................................................................... 12
Product: Global Volunteer....................................................................................................................... 12
References............................................................................................................................................. 14
Answer.................................................................................................................................................. 16
1d.......................................................................................................................................................... 16
2c.......................................................................................................................................................... 17
3b.......................................................................................................................................................... 17
4c.......................................................................................................................................................... 17
5d.......................................................................................................................................................... 17
6c.......................................................................................................................................................... 17

Executive summary
It is universally acknowledged that planning plays an essential role in the
outcome of aiming for specific goals. This task may illustrate more information
of planning including sessions such as the definition of planning, its pros and
cons and also an experience that a member of our group had undergone.
Introduction
 The development of nowadays technologies lead to more options to attain
the target easier. Many choices are given but the most effective choice that
results in the outcome is better than other choices. Thus, individuals must find
the way to maximize the benefits, also, lower the resources and risks. Therefore,
planning is the key to solve the problem.

1. Definition of planning
● Albert Waterston - Planning is ‘an organized, conscious and continual
attempt to select the best available alternatives to achieve specific goals’.
● Mary Coulter – Planning involves defining the organization’s goals,
establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals, and developing
a comprehensive set of plans to integrate and coordinate organizational
works.
● Richard Steers – Planning is the process by which managers define goals
and take necessary steps to ensure that these goals are achieved.

To conclude , planning is the process of deciding on necessary activities

to be done today so that the desired goals can be achieved as expected

2. Advantages of planning

The reason why planning plays an essential role in management is

because of the benefits it brings for individuals or businesses that aim for
specific goals. Some pros are illustrated to clarify its influence.

a. Forms goal-oriented management simpler

Planning outlines the goals that guide various tasks which must be
completed. Genuinely, it clarifies and narrows down the aims. Thus, planning
requires managers to create a blueprint outlining the steps that must be taken to
achieve goals. Also, instills logic and order in the organization.
 b. Incertitudes minimization

Since uncertainties give rise to a variety of risks, planning entails

anticipating future occurrences and reducing future vaguenesses. Planning does
assist management in anticipating future incidences and mitigating hazards by
making appropriate arrangements to handle unforeseen developments. This
leads to reductions of incertitudes.

c. Cooperation promotion

Entire operations are focused on achieving common goals. Therefore,

several departments and groups inside the organization are functioning mutually
in an unified manner. Additionally, assists in identifying issues related to work
performance and strives to tackle similar issues.

d. Employees’ virtuous improvement

Business culture is gained through planning. Advancely do employees

perceive what are supposely expect them, thereby, effortlessly uniformity may
attained. This incentivizes workers to give it their all for receiving recognition.
Furthermore, planning fosters a positive attitude toward the workplace, which
raises worker morale and productivity.

e. “One-upmanship” provision
Planning necessitates altering work procedures, designs in terms of
quality and quantity, extending the project's duration, redefining targets, etc.
Forecasting enables an organization to not just guarantee its future, however it
also anticipates the intentions of its competitors, enabling it to better meet
obstacles as they arise. Accordingly, planning results in the optimum use of
available resources, higher production quality, and ultimately increased firm
competitiveness.
 f. Innovations encouragement

Executives have the ability to put forward strategies for

strengthening performance throughout the planning phase. Planning is
essentially an approach to making decisions that calls for innovative and
imaginative thinking, which in turn inspires the development of
revolutionary processes and methods for the expansion and success of the
business.

g. Ease administration issues

Effective controlling system is inseparably linked to management

issues. Planning offers pre-established benchmarks against which genuine
operation is measured. Indeed, controlling and planning are just the two
sides of a similar coin. Controlling is the fruit if planning is the root.

h. Economies achieving
Planning well ensures the economy by directing resources to
different processes in a systematic manner. By choosing the most
appropriate usage that will advance the enterprise's goal, it also prevents
resource waste. For instance, it is possible to save shipping costs and buy
raw materials in bulk. Additionally, it guarantees consistent supply for the
manufacturing division, resulting in total effectiveness.

i. Earn credibility and trust of Stakeholders

Having a formal business plan readily available will have a great
impact if you need to find and engage new investors in a short period of
time. The availability of clear goals and a formal plan also shows your
social responsibility and increases the trust of employees and clients.
 j. Improves decision making
Through planning managers can keep the focus on a goal and thus
ask themselves how alternatives courses of action might facilitate or delay
to reach it. It also helps managers have a far vision and a road map so that
they can think what effect an adopted decision will have on some long-
term tasks and activities.

3. Disadvantages of planning
While planning is a crucial aspect of business management and
decision-making, it is not without its disadvantages. Here are some
detailed drawbacks of planning in business:

a. Rigidity:
Rigidity occurs when decisions adhere too strictly to predefined plans,
creating a hierarchical and inflexible decision-making structure.
In a swiftly evolving business landscape, the inability to adapt quickly can
lead to missed opportunities and increased vulnerability to unforeseen
challenges. The organization may find itself in a state of inertia, unable to
respond effectively to dynamic market conditions, impacting overall
competitiveness and inhibiting innovation.

b. Uncertain Future:
Plans become ineffective when based on assumptions that do not align
with the unfolding of future events, leading to a misalignment between
strategies and realities.The future is inherently uncertain, making it
challenging to accurately predict or anticipate every potential development
as external factors continuously evolve.The breakdown of the entire plan
can result in strategic misalignment, resource misallocation, and a failure
to achieve organizational objectives, necessitating continuous adaptation.

c. Time-Consuming:
Elaborate planning processes consume valuable time, resulting in
prolonged decision-making cycles and delayed responsiveness to market
dynamics. In dynamic industries, where market shifts are rapid, swift
responses to changes and timely exploitation of opportunities are critical
for sustained success. Prolonged planning can result in missed
opportunities, diminished market share, and a potential decline in the
organization's overall competitive standing, ultimately impacting long-
term growth prospects.

d. Costly:
The detailed nature of planning processes incurs significant financial and
human resource expenses, as elaborate strategies necessitate considerable
investment.Resource allocation may not align with the ever-shifting
realities of the market, leading to inefficiencies and suboptimal use of
organizational resources.The potential for poor returns on planning
investments can impact the organization's financial health, diverting
resources from more impactful initiatives and hindering the ability to
invest in innovation and strategic initiatives.

e. Resistance to Change:
Employees resist plans perceived as too restrictive or implemented without
considering their input, creating internal resistance and
friction.Disregarding employee perspectives in the planning phase can lead
to a lack of ownership and commitment, resulting in resistance to the
implementation of devised strategies.Employee resistance can impede the
effective execution of plans, leading to decreased morale, productivity, and
collaboration, posing a significant obstacle to achieving organizational
goals.

f. False Sense of Security:

- An assumed guarantee of success by sticking to the plan can foster
complacency, creating a culture of over-reliance on established strategies.
Continuous adaptation is a necessity, and assuming plans are foolproof
may lead to a lack of vigilance and readiness for unexpected challenges.
Vulnerability to surprises due to complacency can result in unexpected
setbacks that proactive attention and adaptability could have mitigated,
risking the organization's overall resilience and sustainability.

g. Lack of Creativity:
Overemphasis on planning constraints creative thinking among employees,
discouraging the exploration of innovative ideas and diverse perspectives.
Rigid plans may discourage the exploration of new ideas, stifling the
innovative potential of the workforce and limiting the organization's ability
to stay ahead of evolving market trends.Hindered innovation can lead to a
lack of competitiveness as the organization falls behind in adapting to
emerging trends and customer demands, ultimately affecting its long-term
viability.

h. Inability to Predict:
Unpredictable external factors persist despite careful planning efforts,
contributing to uncertainty and strategic unpredictability.The complexity
of the world makes certain events, such as regulatory changes or economic
downturns, inherently unpredictable, challenging the organization's ability
to foresee and prepare for external shocks.The need for constant
adaptability persists, even with careful planning, as certain external events
remain unpredictable, requiring organizations to remain flexible in their
approach to navigating the uncertain business landscape.

i. Dependency on Assumptions:
Plans built on incorrect assumptions can lead to strategic misalignment,
operational inefficiencies, and suboptimal resource allocation. If
assumptions about customer behavior or market trends prove inaccurate,
plans may not achieve their intended outcomes, resulting in wasted efforts
and resources.Plans founded on flawed premises can result in a disconnect
between organizational strategies and market realities, necessitating
regular reassessment and adjustment to remain adaptable and responsive.
 j. Overlooking Short-Term Opportunities:
Excessive focus on long-term planning detracts attention from immediate
benefits and quick wins, creating a myopic organizational outlook.
Immediate gains are essential for maintaining momentum, responding to
sudden market shifts, and capitalizing on emerging opportunities,
contributing to sustained growth. Missing short-term opportunities can
impede overall growth, as the organization fails to seize immediate
advantages that contribute to long-term success, potentially diminishing its
competitive edge in the market.

In conclusion, while planning is essential for organizational success,

businesses should be aware of these potential disadvantages and strive for
a balance between structured planning and flexibility to navigate the
complexities of the business environment.

4. One example of planning

Product: Global Volunteer

Position: Marketing Executive from January to June in 2023
Base on the Value Proposition:
- Cross Culture Experience
- Develop Yourself
- Contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals
To summarize the function will have 9 steps:
Step 1: Identify the purpose
Step 2: Set the cultures
Step 3: Determine the mission
Step 4: Key driver and key bottleneck analysis and having
strategies
Step 5: Plan for tactics
Step 6: Set goals
Step 7: Set a timeline
Step 8: Plan for risk management
Step 9: Build the budget

a. The first step of planning is that we have to identify the

purpose (the foundation) that they are striving for is:
“We empower youth leaders and positively impact
community by facilitating leadership experiences”

The second step of planning is the function has to set the culture
for everyone to follow and be on the same page.
Based on the context that Global Volunteer just came back and
there were many things new, we set the two cultures for our
function:
- #United: because people couldn’t do everything alone, they
were a part of the function so they had to collaborate with
each other in order to strive for the same goal.
- #Courageous: the product has just come back after to year
of being frozen due to COVID-19. The function didn’t have
many legacies and valid data so they had to be courageous
and dare to face the challenges, with many new processes,
and new tactics.

With the cultures, the function can determine the third step is the
mission based on the set cultures:
- “We courageously & unitedly strive for a strong foundation”
- The strong foundation for team Sales is a standardized
process (how to sell, how to deal with partners) and the
strong foundation for team Marketing is how to raise
awareness in key markets.
The fourth step was for the Marketing team to identify the key
drivers and key bottlenecks before planning for the strategies.
- The key drivers were potential stakeholders and beneficial
legacy (tool, process, data,...)
- The key bottlenecks were low brand awareness and
outdated working process.
To solve the key bottleneck and utilize the key drivers, the
Marketing team would have two strategies:
- Re-raising awareness in key markets.
- Marketing foundation building.
Break down the strategies into tactics was the fifth step
- Re-raising awareness in key markets: digital campaign
building, branding event
- Marketing foundation building: Synergy fostering,
Standardize process for Marketing operation
The sixth step is to set the goal for each tactic and the whole
strategies
The seventh step was setting the timeline for implementing the
strategies
The eighth step was risk management and the ninth step was
building the budget.

Achievement:
Top 1 Global Volunteer product among 9 branch in Nation
Top 1 Global Volunteer product in Asia Pacific in July

References
 Juneja, P. (n.d.). Advantages of Planning. Management Study Guide.

Retrieved December 14, 2023, from

https://www.managementstudyguide.com/planning_advantages.htm

Lumen. (n.d.). Pros and Cons of Planning | Principles of

Management. Lumen Learning. Retrieved December 14, 2023, from

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-principlesofmanagement/cha

pter/reading-pros-and-cons-of-planning/

Minigame

1. What is planning?
a. It involves thinking ahead, devising proactive measures to navigate
uncertainties and achieve long-term success.
b. It is an integral part of the decision-making process, providing a framework
for making choices
c. It decides on necessary activities to be done so that the desired goals can be
achieved as expected
d. All of the above are correct

2. Who said that planning is ‘an organized, conscious and continual attempt to
select the best available alternatives to achieve specific goals”?
a. Richard Steers
b. Mary Coulter
c. Albert Waterston
d. All of the above are correct
3. “Foreseeing future events and minimizing future uncertainties.” Identify
the statement and choose the correct answer.
a. Innovations encouragement
b. Incertitude minimization
c. Cooperation promotion
d. All of the above are correct

4. How does planning contribute to goal-oriented management simplicity?

a. By increasing the complexity of organizational aims
b. By eliminating the need for specific steps in achieving goals
c. By creating a blueprint and narrowing down aims
d. By disregarding logic and order in the organization

5.How many steps are mentioned in the example section of planning?

a. 6
b. 7
c. 8
d. 9

6. In the example section of planning, which step involves breaking down

strategies into specific actions or plans?
a. Identify the purpose
b. Set goals
c. Plan for tactics
d. Determine the mission

Answer
1d
2c
3b
4c
5d
6c