OIL & GAS WELL DRILLIN G PRACTICES

DAY – 2

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 1
Practices
 Understanding the Rig Components

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 2
Practices
 Rig Type s

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 3
Practices
 Rig Type s

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 4
Practices
 Rig Components

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 5
Practices
 Understanding the Rig Components

Power System Hoisting System

Rotary System
Circulation System

Well Control
Tubular Handling System
System,

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 Practices 6
 Derrick or Mast and Substructure

 DERRICK is a large load bearing structure, usually of bolted construction.

The standard derrick has four legs standing at the corners of the substructure.

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 7
Practices
 Derrick or Mast and Substructure

 MAST is a portable derrick that can be raised as unit. For transporting by land,
the mast can be divided into two or more section.

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 8
Practices
 Derrick or Mast and Substructure

 SUBSTRUCTURE is the foundation in which the derrick or mast and usually

the Drawworks sit. In contains space for storage and well control equipment.

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 9
Practices
 Power System – Prime Movers

 Internal combustion engine or a turbine that is the source of power for driving equipment
on the Rig.

 A drilling rig in which the source of power is one or more internal-combustion engine
and in which power is distributed to rig components through devices such as chains,
sprockets, clutches and shaft is said to be a Mechanical Rig.

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 10
Practices
 Prime Movers are a Source of Power

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 11
Practices
 Power System – Prime Movers

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 Practices 12
 Power System – Prime Movers

 A drilling rig in which the source of power is effected by the combination of engines,
generator set, control system and electric motors is said to be a Electric DrillingRig.

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 13
Practices
 DC – DC System

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 14
Practices
 AC – DC System

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 15
Practices
 Hoisting System

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 16
Practices
 Hoisting System - Drawworks

 Drawwork is the hoisting mechanism on a drilling rig. It is essentially a winch thatspools

off or takes in the drilling line and thus raises or lowers the drillstring.

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 17
Practices
 Hoisting System – Crown Block

 An assembly of sheaves mounted on beams at the top of the derrick/mast and overwhich
the drilling line is reeved.

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 18
Practices
 Hoisting System – Trave lling Block

 An assembly of sheaves mounted on beams at the top of the derrick/mast and overwhich
the drilling line is reeved.

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 19
Practices
 Hoisting System – Deadline Anchor

 An equipment that holds down the deadline part of the wire rope. It is usually bolted no
to the substructure.

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 20
Practices
 Hoisting System – Drilling Line

 The wire rope used to support the Drilling Tools.

 The demanding application of drilling activities requires a rope to be abrasion resistant,

crush resistant, fatigue resistant and relatively stable.

 Typically the wire rope used for Drilling Line would have the following characteristics:

A. Shallow depths: 1” to 1-1/8” diameter

B. Deeper depths: 1-1/4” to 2” diameter

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 21
Practices
 Rotating System - Swivel

 The rotary tool that is hung from the hook of the traveling block to suspend the
drillstring and permit it to rotate freely.

 It also provide connection for the rotary hose and provide passageway for the flow of
drilling fluid into the drillstem.

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 22
Practices
 Rotating System - Ke lly Spinner

 A pneumatically controlled device mounted below the Swivel that when actuated causes
the Kelly to spin.

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 23
Practices
 Rotating System - Ke lly

 The heavy steel member, usually four or six-sided that is suspended from the Swivel
through the Rotary Table and connected to the topmost joint of drillpipe to turn the drill
stem as the rotary table turns.

 It has a bored passageway that permits fluid to be circulated into the drill stem and pu
the annulus orvise versa.

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 24
Practices
 Rotating System – Top Drive

 A hydraulically powered device located below the Swivel that when actuated allows the
Drillstem to spin and proceed in drilling.

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 25
Practices
 Rotating System – Kelly Bushing

 A device that when fitted to master bushing transmits torque to the kelly and
simultaneously permits vertical movement of the Kelly to make hole.

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 26
Practices
 Rotating System – Maste r Bushing

 A device that fits into the rotary table to accommodate the slips and drive the kelly
bushing so that the rotating motion of the rotary table can be transmitted to the Kelly.

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 27
Practices
 Rotating System – Maste r Bushing

 A device that fits into the rotary table to accommodate the slips and drive the kelly
bushing so that the rotating motion of the rotary table can be transmitted to the Kelly.

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 28
Practices
 Rotating System – Rotary Table

 Equipment used to turn the drill stem and support the drilling assembly.

 It has a beveled gear arrangement to create the rotational motion and opening into
which bushings are fitted to drive and support the drilling assembly.

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 29
Practices
 Circulating System

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 30
Practices
 Circulating System

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 31
Practices
 Circulating System – Mud Pump

 A large, high-pressure reciprocating pump used to circulated the mud on a drilling rig.
 A typical mud pump is a two cylinder, double acting or a three-cylinder, single acting
piston pump whose pistons travel in replaceable liners and are driven by a crankshaft
actuated by an engine ormotor.

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 32
Practices
 Circulating System – Mud Pump

Single Action ReciprocatingPump Double Action Reciprocating Pump

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 33
Practices
 Circulating System – Pump Manifold

 An arrangement of piping and valves that receives drilling fluid from one or more mud
pumps and transmit the drilling fluid to the succeeding circulating component.

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 34
Practices
 Circulating System – Standpipe

 The vertical pipe rising along the side of the Derrick or Mast, which joins mud pump
manifold to the rotary hose.

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 35
Practices
 Circulating System – Solids Control System

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 36
Practices
 Circulating System – Solids Control System

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 37
Practices
 Glimpses of a Blowout

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 38
Practices
 Glimpses of a Blowout

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 39
Practices
 Glimpses of a Blowout

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 40
Practices
 Blowout Prevention System

 Influx:

The flow of fluids from bottom into the well bore.

 Kick:
Any influx or flow of formation fluid into the well-bore is
termed as Kick. It may occur any time during drilling/
initial testing or work-over operation due to formation
fluid pressure being greater than the bottom hole pressure.

 Blowout:
If the kick is uncontrolled, the formation fluid will flow to
the surface is termed as Blow-out.

 Maximum allowable annular Surface pressure (MAASP):

It is maximum allowable surface pressure during well

control. Any pressure above this may damage the formation/
casing.

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 41
Practices
 Blowout Prevention System

 Kicks occur as a result of formation pressure being greater than mud hydrostatic pressure that
causes flow of formation fluid into the well bore. The main factors which can lead to this
condition can be classified as :

1. Human error

2. Improper hole fill up on trips.

3. Swabbing.

4. Abnormal formation pressure.

5. Insufficient muddensity.

6. Lost circulation

7. Gas cut mud

More than 50% of the kicks occur due to first three of the causes listed above.
Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling
18-03-2021 42
Practices
 Blowout Preventor (BO P)

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 43
Practices
 Blowout Preventor (BOP)

 Ra m P reventers are designed to seal the annulus by forcing two

front packing elements which make contact with each other and
seal around the object in the well bore.

 P ipe Ram : It seals around the well bore and the fixed size of pipe.
 Blind Ram : It seals around the well if no pipe in the well bore.
 Variable Bore Ram : It seals around several pipe sizes depending
on the range of variable bore ram.

 Shear Ram : It shear the pipe in the well and seal the wellbore
simultaneously.

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 44
Practices
 Basic BO P O peration

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 45
Practices
 Basic Ram BO P O pe ration

Top seal energized by well bore

pressure at sealing surface of the
ram body
Front packer sealing againstpipe

Opening Closing
chamber chamber
Well Pressure

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 46
Practices
 Basic BO P O peration

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 47
Practices
 Basic BO P O peration

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 48
Practices
 Basic Annular BO P Operation

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 49
Practices
 Basic Annular BO P Operation

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 50
Practices
 Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipme nt

 Tubular are made of thefollowing equipment:

1. Drill Pipe

2. Drill Collar
3. Heavy Weight Drill Pipe (HWDP)

4. Kelly

5. Subs

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 51
Practices
 Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipme nt

 Drill pipes are heavy seamless tubing used to rotate the bit and circulated the drilling
fluid. Joints of pipe approximately 30 feet long are coupled together by means of tool
joints.

18-03-2021 52
 Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipme nt

18-03-2021 53
 Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipme nt

 Subs are short, threaded piece of pipe used to adapt parts of the drilling string that cannot
otherwise be screwed together because of difference in thread size or design.

 These consists of:

1. Bit Sub

2. Crossover Sub
3. Kelly Saver Sub

4. Lifting Sub

5. Bent Sub

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 54
Practices
 Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipme nt

 Elevator links are equipment attached onto the Traveling Block in order to suspend the
Elevators.

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 55
Practices
 Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipme nt

 Elevators clamps that grip a stand of casing, tubing, drillpipe or drill collars so that the
stand or joint can be raised from or lowered into the hole opening of the rotary table.

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 56
Practices
 Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipme nt

 Tugger/Winch is a pneumatically operated drum with wire rope spooled onto it to move
or lift heavy objects on the rig floor.

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 57
Practices
 Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipme nt

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 58
Practices
 Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipme nt

18-03-2021 59
 Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipme nt

18-03-2021 60
 Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipme nt

18-03-2021 61
 Drill Bit

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 62
Practices
 Tubular and Tubular Handling Equipme nt

 Tugger/Winch is a pneumatically operated drum with wire rope spooled onto it to move
or lift heavy objects on the rig floor.

Foundation Course on Oil and Gas Drilling

18-03-2021 63
Practices