Aci Rectangular Tanks 2010 PDF Free

UWU/Civil & Environmental Engineering CVNG 3016 – Design of Environmental Engineering Systems 2010
CVNG 3016 DESIGN OF ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS
TOPIC: Design of Reinforced Concrete Liquid Retaining Structures
LECTURER: Dr. William Wilson
DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE TANKS (ACI 318 / ACI 350)
Recommended Reading:
A. Codes
1. ASCE7-05 - Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and other Structures
2. ACI 318-06 – Building Code requirements for Reinforced Concrete
3. ACI 350R – 06 – Environmental Engineering Concrete Structures.
B. Technical Literature
1. Munshi, Javeed A. Rectangular Concrete Tanks (Rev. 5th Ed.), Portland Cement
Association, 1998.
2. Portland Cement Association, 1992. Underground Concrete Tanks
3. Portland Cement Association, 1993. Circular Concrete Tanks without prestressing
RECTANGULAR TANKS
Design Considerations
• Flexure – bending in walls and base
• Shear - wall-to-base, wall-to-wall junctions
• Tension - horizontal tension in walls, base
• Deflection – vertical/ horizontal deflections of wall
• Cracking - thermal, flexural, tension cracks
• Flotation - when base is located below water table level

• in reality neither of these
• Base Fixity - (i) Fixed (ii) Pinned conditions may actually exist
• Both may need to be investigated
Loading Conditions
Condition 1 - Internal Water Pressure only (before backfilling, i.e. leakage test)
Condition 2 - External Earth Pressure only (before filling tank)
Condition 3 - Tank full and Soil backfilled (resistance provided by soil is ignored)
1
Moments
pinned base
fixed base
+
-
Fv (shear)
(a) Liquid pressure in Tank (b) Vertical Forces

Fv
Fv M Ft M (-)
Fv
M (+)
Ft
Ft
Fv M Ft M (-) Fv
Fv Fv
(c) Horizontal Forces
FIGURE 1 – FORCES IN RECTANGULAR TANK WALLS
2
STRENGTH DESIGN METHOD
Basic Requirement:
Design Strength ≥ Required Strength
∅(Nominal Strength) ≥ U
φ Rn ≥ U
(ACI 318 Sect. 9.2) U = 1.4 (D + F) (2.1)
(ACI 350 cl. 2.6.5) U = 1.7 (D + F) (2.2)
D = dead load
F = liquid pressure
Sanitary Durability Factors - ACI 350 applies sanitary durability factors (based on crack width
calculations) to obtain the Required Strength
Required Strength = Sanitary Coefficient x U
Ur = Cs x U (2.3)
Sanitary Coefficients are:

Cs = 1.3 (bending)
Cs = 1.65 (direct tension / hoop tension)
Cs = 1.3 (shear beyond shear capacity of concrete – stirrup design)
Cs = 1.0 (concrete shear)
Strength Design Requirements

(a) Flexural Reinforcement
Design Strength ≥ 1.3U
∅Mn ≥ 1.3(1.4MD+ 1.7 ML+1.7 MF) (2.4)
(b) Direct Tension Reinforcement
Design Strength ≥ 1.65U
∅Nn ≥ 1.65(1.4ND+ 1.7NL+1.7NF) (2.6)
3
(c) Stirrup Shear Reinforcement
Design Strength ≥ 1.3 (Vc - ∅Vc)
∅Vs ≥ 1.3 (Vu - ∅Vc) (2.7)
(d) Concrete Shear and Compression Reinforcement
Design Strength ≥ 1.0 U
∅Vn ≥ 1.0Vu (2.8)
(e) Minimum reinforcement (ACI 318-05 cl. 10.5)
• Concrete sections with t ≥ 24″ use

3
f c′ bw d minimum temperature and
As, min = b w d ≥ 200 (2.9) shrinkage reinforcement at each
fy fy
face based on 12″ thickness.
• Size of rebar ≤ #11
(f) Minimum cover = 2 in. • Max. spacing of rebar ≤ 12″
• Minimum cover in tank walls = 2″
(g) Minimum thickness for walls over 10 ft. high = 12 ins.
Serviceability for Normal Sanitary Exposure (ACI 350, cl. 2.6.6)
Crack Control
Maximum Design crack width

• Severe exposure = 0.010 in.
• Aesthetics = 0.008 in.
Crack width calculation is based on the following equation:
z=f s 3 d c A (2.10)
Where,
Z is a quantity limiting distribution of flexural reinforcement

(ACI 350 limits)
z ≤ 115 kips/in (crack width = 0.010 in)
z ≤ 95 kips/in (crack width = 0.008 in)
4
fs = calculated stress in reinforcement at service loads, ksi

dc = concrete cover to centroid of closest rebar
A = effective area of concrete surrounding flexural reinforcement with same
centroid divided by the number of bars, in2.
The maximum spacing it given by,

Z3
bw = 2 3 (2.11)
2d c f s
A= 2dcbw
t
dc
bw
Fig. 1.0 - Calculation of A
5
EXAMPLE 1 Rectangular Tank
20'-0″
30'-0″
10'-0‫״‬
2.5'
Longitudinal Section Cross Section
20'-0″
350
30'-0″
Plan
Fig. E1 – Plan and sections of Tank
Design Data
Weight of Liquid, w = 70 lbs/ft3

Weight of Soil, γs = 100 lbs/ft3
ka = 0.3
'
fc = 4000 psi
fy = 60,000 psi
Wall thickness, t = 18 in.
Base slab projection beyond wall = 2.5 ft.
Water pressure at base, p = wa = 70 x 10 = 700 lbs/ft2
6
Design for Vertical Bending Moments
Wall considered fixed at base and free at top
Using PCA Charts to calculate moments (Table 3-29: case 3 – Long side)
Ratio of length/height = b/a = 30/10 = 3.0 (long side)
Ratio of width/height = c/a = 20/10 = 2.0 (short side)
Mx = CMx x pa2/1000
= CMx x 700 x 102 / 1000
= CMx x 70 ft-lbs
= CMx x 0.84 in-kips
For sanitary structures - Mu = Sanitary coef x 1.7 x M

Mux = 1.3 x 1.7 x Mx
Mux = 1.3 x 1.7 x CMx x 0.84 in-kips
= 1.86 x CMx
Maximum positive moment at 0.7 a (CMx = +10) Mux = +18.6 kips-in

Maximum negative moment at bottom (CMx = -129) Mux = -239.9 kips-in
a = 10'
M = + 18.6 kips-in
V = 3500 lbs M = - 239.9 kips-in
Fig E2 – Vertical Moments at mid-length
Assuming No. 5 bars at 12in. c/c

Cover = 2 in.
Wall thickness = 18 in.
d = 18 – 2 – 5/16 = 15.7 in. (db = 5/8 in.)
7
M 239.9
= =0.0225
0.9x4x12x (15.7 )
2
φ f c bd
′ 2
(From Appendix A) ω = 0.023
f c' 4
∴ A s =ωbd = 0.023x12x15.7x = 0.29in 2
fy 60
Check minimum steel (ACI 318-05 cl. 10.5)
3
fc'
4000 3
Asmin = x12x15.7=0.595in 2 ≥ 200 bwd/fy
bw d=
fy 60000
200b w d 200x12x15.7
= = =0.628in 2 (governs)
fy 60,000
(ACI 318 -05 cl. 10.5.3) Use 4/3 of As required by analysis
As = 4/3 x 0.29 = 0.39in2

Provide No. 5 @ 9 in c/c on inside face (As =0.41 in2)
Design for Horizontal Bending Moments
2590 2590 lbs

-65.6 1890 lbs -65.6 in-kip
1890 +35.93 in-kip 1890

2590
2590
1890 +35.93
1890
-65.6 1890 lbs -65.6
2590 2590
Fig. E3- Horizontal Forces (un-factored) at mid-height of tank)

NB: Shear Forces calculations on Page 9 below
8
(a) At Corner - Horizontal Moment Steel
Muy = 1.3 x 1.7 x 65.66
Muy = 145.1 in-kips
Mu 145.1
= =0.0136
φ f c bd 0.9x4x12x15.7 2
1 2
(From Appendix A)
ω = 0.014
f c' 4
A s =ωbd =0.014x12x15.7x =0.18in 2
fy 60
(b) Steel required for Direct Tension in Long Wall
Factored tension Nu = 1.65 x 3213 = 5301 lbs/ft width
Nu 5301
As= = =0.1in 2
0.9f y 0.9x60,000
Direct tension steel is equally distributed on inside and outside faces of wall.
0.1
Total steel required on inside face = 0.18+ =0.23in 2
2
200b w d
As,min = =0.625in 2 (governs)
fy
4/3 of As required by analysis = 4/3 x 0.23 = 0.31 in2
Provide No.5 @ 12 in (As = 0.31 in2) horizontal steel on inside face of long walls.
9
(c) Horizontal steel near centre of outside face of wall
Design for M = 40.91 in-kips
(d) Crack Control - Check Maximum Spacing of bars
239.9
Maximum un-factored moment M= =108.6in-kips
(1.7x1.3)
Stress in steel reinforcement
M
fs =
A s jd
As = 0.41 in2/ft d = 15.7 in
29,000
n= =8
57 ( 4000 )
0.41
ρ= = 0.00218
(12 x 15.7 )
k = 2 ρ n + ( ρ n ) − ρ n = 0.17
2
j = 1 – k/3 = 0.94
108.6
∴ fs = =17.95ksi
0.41x0.94x15.7
z3
s m ax =
( 2 x d c2 x f s3 )
φ
dc = cover + = 2 + 0.313=2.313in
2
z = 115 kips/in
fs = 17.95 ksi
115 3
s max = =24.6in>9in OK
2x2.313 2 x17.95 3
10
Design for Shear Forces

Using PCA Charts to calculate moments (Table 2-17: CASE 3 – Long side)
Ratio of length/height = b/a = 30/10 = 3.0 (long side)
Ratio of width/height = c/a = 20/10 = 2.0 (short side)
Shear, V = Cs x p x a
(a) Check Shear at bottom of Wall
Maximum shear at bottom of long wall,
V = 0.50 x 700 x 10 = 3500 lbs
∴ Vu =1.7x3500=5950 lbs
Since tensile force from adjacent wall is small
Vc =2 fc' bd
=2 4000x12x15.7 = 23,831 lbs
φ Vc = 0.85 x 23,831= 20,256lbs > 5950 lbs

OK
(b) Check Shear at side edge of long wall
V = 0.37 x 700 x 10 = 2590 lbs

Vu = 1.7 V = 1.7 x 2590 = 4403 lbs
Wall subjected to simultaneous tensile force due to shear in short side wall;
(ACI 318 cl.11.3.2.3) gives allowable shear as:
⎛ Nu ⎞
V c = 2 ⎜ 1+ ⎟ f c' b d
⎜ 500A g ⎟⎠
⎝
Nu = tension in long wall due to shear in short wall.
Shear in short side wall V = 0.27 x 700 x 10 = 1890 lbs.
11
Nu = -1.7 x 1890 = -3213 lbs
Ag = 18 x 12 = 216 in2
⎛ -3213 ⎞ 1
Vc =2 ⎜1+ ⎟ f c bd
⎝ 500x216 ⎠
=1.94 4000x12x15.7 = 23,116 lbs
φVc = 0.85 x 23,116 = 19,649 lbs > 4403 lbs

OK
(e) Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement
Assuming the walls will be in one pour of 30 ft long.
Minimum Temperature and Shrinkage reinforcement
A st
(Fig 1-2) =0.0033
bh
1
A st = x12x18=0.356in 2 (No. 5 @ 10”)
2
< 0.41 in2 (No. 5 @ 9”) OK
Summary of Reinforcement
Inside face – vertical No. 5 @ 9 in

Outside face – vertical No. 5 @ 10 in (Use No. 5 @ 9 in for consistency)
Inside face – horizontal No. 5 @ 12 in
Outside face – horizontal No. 5 @ 12 in
12
BASE SLAB DESIGN
• Design as a 2-way spanning slab, simply supported at edges.
• Assume that the pressure beneath the slab is uniform and is generated by the weight
of the walls spread over entire area.
10'
12″
30'
Vs = 4150 lbs 3500 lbs

Vls
2500 lbs Mls = 8497 ft-lb
Mss = 15,413 ft-lb

2500 lbs
3500 lbs
k
Fig E4 – Forces on Base Slab
Unit weight of concrete = 150 lbs/ft3
13
Wall Dead load = 150 ( 2 x 1.5 x 10 x ( 30 + 0.75) + ( 20+0.75) ) = 231,750 lbs

Factored DL = 1.4(231,750) = 324,450 lbs
324,450
p= = 509 lbs/ft 2
( 30.75 x 20.75)
Using PCA Tables
Mss (short span) = 78 x 509 x 202 /1000 = 15,881 ft-lb = 191 in-k
Mls (long span) = 43 x 509 x 202 / 1000 = 8755 ft-lb = 105in-k
Vss = 0.24 x 509 x 20 = 2443 lbs = 2.4 k
Vls = 0.42 x 509 x 20 = 4276 lbs = 4.3 k
Ft (long span) = 0.4 x 700 x 10 = 2800 lbs
Design of Short Span
2.4k
191 in-k
12″
3.5 k
Assume slab thickness, h = 12 ins.

For #6 bars and 2″ cover
d = 12 – 2 – 0.75/2 = 9.625 ins.
Short Span
(a) Mid-span Moment Steel

(NB: ACI 350 is silent on use of sanitary coefficient for slabs, but we will apply
same here)
Muy = 1.3 x 191
Muy = 248.3 in-kips
Mu 248.3
= = 0.062
φfcbd 0.9 x 4 x 12 (9.625)2
' 2
(From Appendix A)
14
ω = 0.064
f c' 4
A s =ωbd =0.064 x 12 x 9.7x = 0.49in 2
fy 60
(b) Steel required for Direct Tension in short span
Nu 5775
As= = =0.11in 2
0.9f y 0.9x60,000
Direct tension steel is equally distributed on inside and outside faces of slab.
0.11
Total steel required on top face = 0.49+ =0.55 in 2
2
200b w d 200 (12 x 9.7 )
As,min = = = 0.39 in 2
fy 60000
Provide No.6 @ 7 in crs. (As = 0.75 in2) steel on top face of slab in short
direction.
(c) Long Span

Muy = 1.3 x 105 in-kips
Muy = 136.5 in-kips
d = 12 -2 -0.625- 0.625/2 = 9.0625
Mu 136.5
= = 0.0385
φfc bd 0.9 x 4 x 12 x 9.06252
1 2
(From Appendix A)
ω = 0.039
15
f c' 4
A s =ωbd =0.039 x 12 x 9.0625x = 0.283 in 2
fy 60
Steel required for Direct Tension in long span
Nu 4620
As= = =0.085in 2
0.9f y 0.9x60,000
Direct tension steel is equally distributed on inside and outside faces of slab.
0.085
Total steel required on top face = 0.283+ =0.326 in 2
2
200b w d 200 (12 x 9.7 )
As,min = = = 0.39 in 2 (governs)
fy 60000
Provide No.5 @ 8 in crs
(b) Check Shear at side edge of long span
V = 4276 lbs
Vu = 1.0 V = 4276 lbs
Wall subjected to simultaneous tensile force (ACI 318 cl.11.3.2.3) gives allowable
shear as:
⎛ Nu ⎞
V c = 2 ⎜ 1+ ⎟⎟ f c' b d
⎜ 500A
⎝ g ⎠
Nu = 3500 lbs
Ag = 12 x 12 = 144 in2
16
⎛ -3500 ⎞ '
Vc =2 ⎜1+ ⎟ fc bd
⎝ 500 x 144 ⎠
=1.90 4000x12 x 9.7= 14,008 lbs
φVc = 0.85 x 14,008 = 11,907 lbs > 4276 lbs

OK
(e) Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement
Assuming the walls will be in one pour of 30 ft long.
Minimum Temperature and Shrinkage reinforcement
A st
(Fig 1-2) =0.0033
bh
1
A st = x 0.0033x12x12=0.238 in 2 < 0.73 in2
2
OK
Summary of Reinforcement
Top face – short direction (mid-span) No. 6 @ 7 in crs

Top face – short direction (edges) No. 5 @ 7 in crs (for consistency)
Top face - long direction (mid-span) No. 5 @ 7 in (for consistency)
Bottom face - both direction (edges) No. 5 @ 7 in
Bottom face both direction (mid-span) No. 5 @ 12 in
17
Rectangular Tank
No. 5 @ 10 in c/c
No. 5 @ 12 in. c/c
No. 5 @ 12 in. c/c
No. 5 @ 9 in. c/c

No. 5 @ 10 in c/c
No. 6 @ 7 in. c/c Water
No. 5 @ 7 in. c/c stop
Water stop
No. 5 @ 7 in. c/c both ways
Section showing Reinforcement Details for Rectangular Tank
Dr. William Wilson

17 March 2010
18

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UWU/Civil & Environmental Engineering CVNG 3016 – Design of Environmental Engineering Systems 2010

CVNG 3016 DESIGN OF ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS

TOPIC: Design of Reinforced Concrete Liquid Retaining Structures

LECTURER: Dr. William Wilson

DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE TANKS (ACI 318 / ACI 350)

• Shear - wall-to-base, wall-to-wall junctions

• Tension - horizontal tension in walls, base

• Deflection – vertical/ horizontal deflections of wall

• Cracking - thermal, flexural, tension cracks

• Flotation - when base is located below water table level

(a) Liquid pressure in Tank (b) Vertical Forces

(c) Horizontal Forces

FIGURE 1 – FORCES IN RECTANGULAR TANK WALLS

STRENGTH DESIGN METHOD

Design Strength ≥ Required Strength

(ACI 350 cl. 2.6.5) U = 1.7 (D + F) (2.2)

Required Strength = Sanitary Coefficient x U

Sanitary Coefficients are:

Strength Design Requirements

Design Strength ≥ 1.3U

∅Mn ≥ 1.3(1.4MD+ 1.7 ML+1.7 MF) (2.4)

(b) Direct Tension Reinforcement

Design Strength ≥ 1.65U

∅Nn ≥ 1.65(1.4ND+ 1.7NL+1.7NF) (2.6)

(c) Stirrup Shear Reinforcement

Design Strength ≥ 1.3 (Vc - ∅Vc)

∅Vs ≥ 1.3 (Vu - ∅Vc) (2.7)

(d) Concrete Shear and Compression Reinforcement

Design Strength ≥ 1.0 U

∅Vn ≥ 1.0Vu (2.8)

(e) Minimum reinforcement (ACI 318-05 cl. 10.5)

• Concrete sections with t ≥ 24″ use

(g) Minimum thickness for walls over 10 ft. high = 12 ins.

Serviceability for Normal Sanitary Exposure (ACI 350, cl. 2.6.6)

Maximum Design crack width

Crack width calculation is based on the following equation:

Z is a quantity limiting distribution of flexural reinforcement

fs = calculated stress in reinforcement at service loads, ksi

The maximum spacing it given by,

Fig. 1.0 - Calculation of A

EXAMPLE 1 Rectangular Tank

Weight of Liquid, w = 70 lbs/ft3

Design for Vertical Bending Moments

Wall considered fixed at base and free at top

For sanitary structures - Mu = Sanitary coef x 1.7 x M

Maximum positive moment at 0.7 a (CMx = +10) Mux = +18.6 kips-in

V = 3500 lbs M = - 239.9 kips-in

Fig E2 – Vertical Moments at mid-length

Assuming No. 5 bars at 12in. c/c

d = 18 – 2 – 5/16 = 15.7 in. (db = 5/8 in.)

(From Appendix A) ω = 0.023

Check minimum steel (ACI 318-05 cl. 10.5)

(ACI 318 -05 cl. 10.5.3) Use 4/3 of As required by analysis

As = 4/3 x 0.29 = 0.39in2

Design for Horizontal Bending Moments

2590 2590 lbs

1890 +35.93 in-kip 1890

-65.6 1890 lbs -65.6

Fig. E3- Horizontal Forces (un-factored) at mid-height of tank)

(a) At Corner - Horizontal Moment Steel

Muy = 1.3 x 1.7 x 65.66

Muy = 145.1 in-kips

(b) Steel required for Direct Tension in Long Wall