- 2⟩ - 1⟩ A - 3⟩ A - 1⟩ = a - 1⟩ A - 2⟩ = −3a - 3⟩ A - 3⟩ = −3a - 2⟩ a - 3⟩ - 2⟩ - 1⟩ A - 3⟩ - 2⟩ - 1⟩ A A - ψ⟩ = - 1⟩ − i - 2⟩ + - 3⟩

‫ﺟ ــﺎﻣ ـﻌ ــﺔ ﺑ ــﺎﺗ ـﻨ ــﺔ ‪1‬‬
‫✆‬
‫اﻹﺧـﺘـﺒـﺎر اﻹﺳـﺘـﺪراﻛـﻲ ﻓـﻲ ﻣـﻘـﻴـﺎس‬ ‫ﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮم اﳌﺎدة ‪ -‬ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻔ ﻳﺎء‬
‫اﻟ ـﻤ ـﻴ ـﻜــﺎﻧ ـﻴــﻚ اﻟ ـﻜ ـﻤــﻲ ‪2‬‬ ‫اﻟـﺴـﻨـﺔ اﻟـﺜـﺎﻟـﺜـﺔ ﻟـ ـﺴـﺎ ـﺲ‬
‫✂‬
‫✄‬
‫✁‬
‫ﻣـﺪة اﻹﺧـﺘـﺒـﺎر‪ :‬ﺳـﺎﻋـﺔ و ﻧـﺼـﻒ‬ ‫ﺷـﻌـﺒـﺔ اﻟـﻔـﻴـﺰ ـﺎء‬

‫اﻷر ﻌﺎء ‪ 17‬ﻓﻴﻔﺮي ‪2016‬‬
‫ﺗـﺨـﺼـﺼﺎت اﻟـﻔـﻴـﺰ ـﺎء اﻟـﻨـﻈـﺮ ـﺔ‪،‬‬
‫‪Un‬‬ ‫‪19 77‬‬
‫‪ar‬‬
‫‪iv ers‬‬
‫‪i t é E l H a dj Lakh d‬‬
‫‪B A T N A‬‬ ‫ﻓ ﻳﺎء اﻹﺷﻌﺎع‪ ،‬ﻓ ﻳﺎء اﳌﻮاد‬
‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮ ﻦ اﻷول‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻒ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﻔﻀﺎء ﺣﺎﻻت ذو ﺛﻼث أ ﻌﺎد ﻣﻤﺴﻮح ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺎس اﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ و اﳌﺘﺠﺎ ﺲ اﳌﺸ ﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﺎﺗﺎت ⟩‪،|2⟩ ،|1‬‬
‫⟩‪ .|3‬ﻟﻴﻜﻦ اﳌﺆﺛﺮ ̂‪ A‬اﳌﻌﺮف ﺑﺘﺄﺛ ﻩ ﻋ اﻷﺳﺎس ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳ ‪:‬‬
‫⟩‪Â|1⟩ = a|1‬‬
‫⟩‪Â|2⟩ = −3a|3‬‬
‫⟩‪Â|3⟩ = −3a|2‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ a‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‪.‬‬

‫أوﺟﺪ اﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ اﳌﺼﻔﻮ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺛﺮ ̂‪ A‬اﻷﺳﺎس ⟩‪.|3⟩ ،|2⟩ ،|1‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫أوﺟﺪ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ و اﻟ ﺎﺗﺎت اﻟﺬاﺗﻴﺔ اﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪة و اﳌﺘﺠﺎ ﺴﺔ ﻟ ﺬا اﳌﺆﺛﺮ )أﻛﺘ ﺎ ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﺎﺗﺎت اﻷﺳﺎس ⟩‪.(|3⟩ ،|2⟩ ،|1‬‬ ‫‪(2‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻟ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ا ﺼﻮل ﻋﻠ ﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﻴﺎس اﳌ ﻮﻇﺔ ‪A‬؟‬ ‫‪(3‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻮ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ا ﺼﻮل ﻋ ﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺬﻩ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﻴﺎس اﳌ ﻮﻇﺔ ‪ A‬إذا ﺎﻧﺖ ا ﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ا ﺎﻟﺔ اﳌﻘﻨﻨﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪(4‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫⟩‪|ψ⟩ = |1⟩ − i|2⟩ + |3‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻮ ﺎت ا ﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻌﺪ إﺟﺮاء اﻟﻘﻴﺎس؟‬ ‫‪(5‬‬
‫اﻟـﺘـﻤـﺮ ـﻦ اﻟﺜﺎ ﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﺆﺛﺮات ا ﻔﺾ و اﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻟﻠ ﺰاز اﻟﺘﻮاﻓﻘﻲ أﺣﺎدي اﻟﺒﻌﺪ وﺣﺪات ﻣﻦ دون أ ﻌﺎد ‪: m = ~ = ω = 1‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪â = √ (x̂ + ip̂x ) ,‬‬ ‫) ‪â† = √ (x̂ − ip̂x‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫أوﺟﺪ اﳌﺒﺪﻻت‪:‬‬
‫‪[â, â† ],‬‬ ‫‪[â, â],‬‬ ‫‪[â2 , â† ],‬‬ ‫‪[ââ† , â† ],‬‬
‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ ⟩‪ |ψ‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ذاﺗﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﻨﻨﺔ ﳌﺆﺛﺮ ا ﻔﺾ ̂‪ a‬ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺬاﺗﻴﺔ ‪ ،λ = λ1 –iλ2‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ λ1‬و ‪ λ2‬ﻋﺪدان ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺎن‪.‬‬
‫• ﻋ ن اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻟـ ̂‪ x‬و ‪ p̂x‬ﻟ ﻤﻠﺔ اﳌﻮﺻﻮﻓﺔ ﺑﺎ ﺎﻟﺔ ⟩‪ |ψ‬ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ‪ λ1‬و ‪.λ2‬‬
‫• ﻋ ن اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻟـ ‪ x̂2‬و ‪ p̂2x‬ﻟ ﻤﻠﺔ اﳌﻮﺻﻮﻓﺔ ﺑﺎ ﺎﻟﺔ ⟩‪ |ψ‬ﺑﺪﻻﻟﺔ ‪ λ1‬و ‪.λ2‬‬
‫• أﺣﺴﺐ اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف اﳌﻌﻴﺎري ‪ ∆x‬و ‪ ،∆px‬و ﺑ ن أ ﻤﺎ ﻳﺤﻘﻘﺎن ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ‪.Heisenberg‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺎﻳﺔ اﻹﺧﺘﺒﺎر ‪-‬‬
‫‪1‬‬

- 2⟩ - 1⟩ A - 3⟩ A - 1⟩ = a - 1⟩ A - 2⟩ = −3a - 3⟩ A - 3⟩ = −3a - 2⟩ a - 3⟩ - 2⟩ - 1⟩ A - 3⟩ - 2⟩ - 1⟩ A A - ψ⟩ = - 1⟩ − i - 2⟩ + - 3⟩

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- 2⟩ - 1⟩ A - 3⟩ A - 1⟩ = a - 1⟩ A - 2⟩ = −3a - 3⟩ A - 3⟩ = −3a - 2⟩ a - 3⟩ - 2⟩ - 1⟩ A - 3⟩ - 2⟩ - 1⟩ A A - ψ⟩ = - 1⟩ − i - 2⟩ + - 3⟩

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‫ﺟ ــﺎﻣ ـﻌ ــﺔ ﺑ ــﺎﺗ ـﻨ ــﺔ ‪1‬‬

‫ﻣـﺪة اﻹﺧـﺘـﺒـﺎر‪ :‬ﺳـﺎﻋـﺔ و ﻧـﺼـﻒ‬ ‫ﺷـﻌـﺒـﺔ اﻟـﻔـﻴـﺰ ـﺎء‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ ‪ a‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‪.‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻮ ﺎت ا ﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة ﻌﺪ إﺟﺮاء اﻟﻘﻴﺎس؟‬ ‫‪(5‬‬

‫اﻟـﺘـﻤـﺮ ـﻦ اﻟﺜﺎ ﻲ‪:‬‬

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