SCIENCE 7

Second Quarter – Module 6

Components of Ecosystem

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Bio

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

1
Science – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Second Quarter – Module 6: Components of Ecosystem
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Region 10

Regional Director: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Assistant Regional Director: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr., CESO V
Development Team of the Module
Author/s: Sheriel Riah D. Inao Daisy S. Amparado Sydney G. Limitares

Reviewers: Marecel B. Compania Shalome H. Balignot Myla M. Guillena

Ivan M. Guillena Corason A. Baluyos Helen G. Marcellana
Bonito Ferdinand L. Taclob
Evaluators: Patria Gloria P. Iman Marissa M. Olarte Rolando T. Luna
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Micha Cristy L. Elumbaring Carmen S. Madrio Vincent M. Millante
Crystalyn S. Ledesma Grace Marie S. Do-ong
Illustrator and Layout Artist: Sheriel Riah D. Inao Spark Erl E. Balicog
Sydney G. Limitares Daisy S. Amparado
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Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III
Regional Director

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Asst. Regional Director

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Contact Number: (088) 880 7072
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 7
SCIENCE
Second Quarter – Module 6

Components of Ecosystem

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and

reviewed by educators from public schools. We encourage teachers
and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments,
and recommendations to the Department of Education – Region 10 at
region10@ deped.gov.ph.

Your feedback and recommendations are highly valued.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

4
 Introductory Message
For the Learner

Welcome to the Science 7 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module 5 on

Components of Ecosystem!

This module will provide you essential tasks so you will be able to identify the
living components (biotic) that interact with the non-living things (abiotic) in the
environment.

In this module, you are guided with a set of learning icons that will help you
understand identify components of an ecosystem.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This gives you an idea of the skills or

competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check

what you already know about the lesson to take.
If you get all the answers correct (100%), you
may decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the

current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced

to you in various ways such as a story, a song, a
poem, a problem opener, an activity, or a
situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice

to solidify your understanding and skills of the
topic. You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the
module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentences/paragraphs to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity that will help you
transfer your new knowledge or skill to real-life
situations or concerns.

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 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of
mastery in achieving the learning competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity is given to you to

enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson
learned. This also tends to the retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing this

module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use your science activity notebook in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included
in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain
a deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 Table of Contents

What I Need to Know ---------------- 1

What I Know ---------------- 2

Lesson 1 The Abiotic and Biotic Components of Ecosystems

What’s In - Activity 1: Name Me ---------------- 4

What’s New - Activity 2: Describe Me - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5
What is It ---------------- 6
What’s More - Activity 3: Eco-Friends - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 8

Lesson 2 Effects of Changes in the Abiotic Factor on the Ecosystem

What’s In - Activity 1: Biotic or Abiotic - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9

What’s New - Activity 2: Let Me Know - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10
What is It ---------------- 11
What’s More - Activity 3: Pic Connect - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14

What I Have Learned ---------------- 15

What I Can Do ---------------- 16

Assessment ---------------- 17

Additional Activities ---------------- 19

Answer Key ---------------- 20

References ---------------- 21

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 What I Need to Know

As you look around your surroundings, you may see birds chirping on the
branches of trees, dogs playing on the grass, worms crawling on the dirt, and fishes
swimming in the river. Various organisms interact with each other and the non-living
components of the environment.

In this module, you will learn that living and non-living components work
together as a single unit called ecosystem. The ecosystem is part of the biosphere
that contains life. Human beings and other animals need oxygen gas (O 2) which is a
physical component of the environment to breathe, while plants need sunlight to
make their own food. The non-living (abiotic) and living (biotic) component of an
ecosystem work hand in hand to maintain the circle of life. Understanding how
organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystems adapt to stress and
recognizing the limits of those adaptations can help us to sustain rather than
continue to degrade and destroy the ecosystems.

This module consists of two (2) lessons:

 Lesson 1 – Abiotic and Biotic Components of Ecosystem

 Lesson 2 – Effects of Changes in the Abiotic Factors on the Ecosystem

After going through this module, you should be able to:

1. differentiate abiotic from the biotic components of an ecosystem
(S7LT-IIh-9); and
2. predict the effect of changes in the abiotic factors on the ecosystem
(S7LT-IIj-12).

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 What I Know

Directions: In the following multiple choice test, choose the letter of the correct
answer and write it in your Science activity notebook.

1. In an/a__________, living organisms work along with the physical component of

habitat to maintain life.
A. atmosphere B. biosphere C. ecosystem D. environment

2. It is a non-living component of an ecosystem.

A. Abiotic B. Biotic C. Consumer D. Decomposer

3. It is a component of the environment that includes living organisms.

A. Abiotic B. Biotic C. Consumer D. Producer

4. Which of the following best describes an ecosystem?

A. All living things and non-living things C. Only living things
B. Humans and animals D. Plants only

5. From this statement, “A cow is grazing on the grass”, which is the producer?
A. Cow B. Grass C. Heat D. Sun

6. Sophie loves to plant. She wakes up early to take care of her succulents and
flowers. What are needed to keep her plants growing?
I. Enough water in the soil
II. Sufficient sunlight
III. Excessive amount of fertilizer

A. I only B. II only C. I and II D. I, II and II

7. Which of the following statements shows the importance of the abiotic

components of ecosystem?

I. It affects biodiversity.
II. It supports the living organisms.
III. It helps shape healthy ecosystems.
IV. It determines the biotic components.

A. I, II B. I, II, IV C. I, III, IV D. I, II, III, IV

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8. Which of the following abiotic components is the source of water and nutrients for
plant growth and development?
A. Soil C. Sunlight
B. Water D. Temperature
9. What is the ultimate source of almost all energy in most ecosystems?
A. Carbohydrates C. Sun
B. Carbon D. Water
10. The presence of materials in the atmosphere which produces adverse effects
especially to humans and their daily activities is known as ______________.

A. soil pollution C. thermal pollution

B. air pollution D. water pollution

11. When there is overproduction of nitrates, phosphates, and potassium in the soil,
it becomes ______.

A. acidic B. dry C. fertile D. humus

12. Which of the following is NOT a natural disturbance to the abiotic components in
an ecosystem?
A. Earthquake C. Quarrying
B. Landslide D. Typhoon
13. What can happen to fishes when there is not enough oxygen in the water?
A. They can’t see.
B. They can suffocate.
C. They can grow really big.
D. They can no longer float in the water.

14. Which of the following can help reduce the effects of climate change?
A. Drink 8 to 10 glasses of water a day
B. Stop building homes.
C. Take a bath daily.
D. Plant more trees.

15. The following are human activities which can lessen the effects of air pollution,
EXCEPT:
A. segregation of wastes C. burning of garbage
B. multiple crop farming D. tree planting

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 Lesson The Abiotic and Biotic Components
1 of Ecosystems

The environment is made up of living and non-living things. It is a collection of

living organisms in their natural habitat under certain conditions.

What’s In

Activity 1: Name Me!

Directions: Name at least five (5) living things and five (5) non-living things that you
can find in the illustration below. Write the answers in your Science
activity notebook.

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Figure 1. The Ecosystem Source: cdn.zmescience.com n.d.

Living Things Nonliving Things

1. __________ 1. ___________
2. __________ 2. ___________
3. __________ 3. ___________
4. __________ 4. ___________
5. __________ 5. ___________

What’s New

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Activity 2: Describe Me!
Directions: Given the following descriptions, tell whether the underlined word/s
describes the abiotic or biotic components of the ecosystem. Write
your answers in your Science activity notebook. (Number 1 is given as
an example.)

1. Bacteria in water biotic

2. Oxygen gas in the air

3. Earthworms in the garden

4. Temperature of water

5. Sandy soil

6. Grasses in my lawn

7. Level of water

8. Air in the soil

9. A caterpillar eating the leaves of plants

10. Ferns attached on tree trunk

What is It

Ecosystem is a community of different organisms interacting with one another

and with the chemical and physical factors making up its nonliving environment. The

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interactions between various biotic components are necessary for the survival and
reproduction of each specie. According to the National Geographic Resource Library
(2020), many abiotic factors such as sunlight levels, soil chemistry, and climate
shape healthy ecosystems.

Abiotic Components of Ecosystem

The non-living, or abiotic, components which include various physical and
chemical factors have important role in the survival of the living organism in an
ecosystem. In Table 1 below, these components are briefly described.

Table 1. Abiotic Components of Ecosystem

Abiotic Description
Component
dissolves other substances; water current
carries nutrients in cells salinity
Water level of water
dissolved oxygen
turbidity
main source of energy that sustains life Sunlight and
Sunlight on Earth shade
plays an important role in plants and
other photosynthetic organisms in the
production of food and oxygen gas
mixture of oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide air in soil
Air (CO2), nitrogen (N2), hydrogen (H2), and humidity
other gases presence of
pollutants
made up of small particles of rock mixed soil moisture
with decomposed living things like soil nutrients
Soil animals nature of soil
source of water and nutrients for plant
growth and development
Temperatur a measure of the degree of hotness or air temperature
e coldness in the environment influenced water temperature
by sunlight soil temperature

Biotic Components of an Ecosystem

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 Organisms that make up the living, or biotic, components of an ecosystem
are usually grouped as producers, consumers and decomposers, based on how they
get their food or organic nutrients they need to survive. The different biotic
components of an ecosystem are summarized in Table 2 below.

Table 2. The Biotic Components of an Ecosystem

Biotic
Description Example
Component
 Green Plants (such as
 organisms that can make their own
Producers trees, crops and grasses)
food by converting the energy from
( Autotrophs)  Phytoplankton (found in
the sun into food
water)
 organisms that cannot make their
own food Herbivores – Goat
Consumers
 classified according to their food Carnivores – Cat
(Heterotrophs)
habits: primary (herbivores) and Omnivores – Humans
secondary (carnivores/ omnivores)
 decompose or breakdown
Decomposers chemicals form producers and  Bacteria
(Detritus) consumers into simple form which  Fungi
can be reused

Table 3 below enumerates the comparison between Abiotic and Biotic

components of an Ecosystem.

Table 3. Comparing the Abiotic and Biotic Components of an Ecosystem

Abiotic Components Biotic Components
Inorganic matter Organic matter
Without life With life
Nonliving things Living things
sunlight plants
temperature animals
nutrients bacteria and viruses
humidity fungi
soil protists

What’s More

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 Activity 3: Eco-Friends!
Directions: Refer to the pictures below and describe the interaction between the
BIOTIC and ABIOTIC components in each ecosystem. Write your
answers in your Science activity notebook. (Number 1 is given as an
example)

1.
Answer:
1. Biotic: Plants
Abiotic: Soil
Interaction:
The plants need soil. The
soil contains nutrients and water
necessary for plant growth and
development.
Figure 2. Plant in a Pot

2.
2. Biotic: _______________
Abiotic: _______________
Interaction:
__________________________
__________________________

Figure 3. The Sunrise

3.
3. Biotic: _______________
Abiotic: _______________
Interaction:
What is It
__________________________
__________________________

Lesson
Effect of Changes in the Abiotic
Figure 4. A flowering plant

2 Factors on the Ecosystem

There are two essential factors (abiotic and biotic) which interact and
are responsible for shaping the environment. Organisms, populations,

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communities, and ecosystems are always changing and adapting in response
to major and minor changes in environmental conditions.

What’s In

Activity 1. Biotic or Abiotic

Directions: Tell whether the statement describes abiotic or biotic components in the
ecosystem. Write ABIOTIC or BIOTIC in your Science activity
notebook.

1. Constant raining in the mountain - __________

2. Cogon grasses in the cornfield - __________
3. Alcohol for disinfection - __________
4. Dissolved oxygen in the atmosphere - __________
5. Too much heat dries up the soil - __________

What’s New

Activity 2. Let Me Know

Directions: Based on the picture shown in Figure 5 below, write at least two (2)
descriptions / observations in your Science activity notebook.

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Figure 5. Conditions of the Ecosystem

DESCRIPTIONS/OBSERVATIONS:

1. ________________________________________

2. ________________________________________

What is It

“Mask? Face shield? Alcohol? Personal Protective Equipment or PPE? Out of

stocks! Not Available!” Those were common lines heard during the first phase of

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Coronavirus disease or Covid-19 health crises as it hits the country early March of
2020. It caused fear among Filipinos of being infected by the deadly virus.

True to the situation above, there is a cause and effect relationship. In the
course of our study, we will focus on the three important abiotic factors (soil, water
and air) and the possible effects when these life-giving resources are changed.

Causes of Change in the Abiotic Factors on the Ecosystem

1. Air Pollution
Air pollution is the presence of materials in the atmosphere that produce adverse
effects especially to humans and their daily activities. As time goes by, the quality of
air changes due to increasing population, smoke belching vehicles, growing number
of factories and establishments, continuous burning of plastics and other garbage,
resulting to pollution.

Figure 6. Dark Smoke from Factories

2. Soil Pollution

Throwing and burning plastic is the number one contributing factor that
pollutes the soil by making it acidic. The soil and the plastics contain
compounds like nitrates (NO3), phosphates (PO4) and potassium (K). When
there is overproduction of these compounds, the soil becomes acidic. Also,

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 burning of wood and grass loses the organic matter (topsoil), making the soil
dry and not suitable for planting.

Figure 7. Plastic Garbage in the Soil

3. Water Pollution

Water is one of the most poorly managed resources on Earth. Water pollution
changes the quality and quantity of water due to natural and man-made disturbances
caused by the following: disease-causing agents, oxygen-demanding wastes, water-
soluble organic chemicals, inorganic plant nutrients, sediments, radioactive
substances, plastics, and heat.

Figure 8. Polluted water

Effects of Change in the Abiotic Factors on the Ecosystem

Changes in abiotic factors may cause problems for the organisms. Table 4
below summarizes some of the effects when the abiotic factors are changed.

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Table 4. Causes and Effects of a Change in the Abiotic Factors in the
Ecosystem
Causes Effects

Air Pollution Damage to human health, plants, aquatic life, and

materials
Extreme atmospheric heat

Water Diseases from infectious organisms carried by the water

Pollution like cholera, dysentery, and amoebiasis
Growth of plankton (small plant and animal life in bodies of
water like seas and lakes), resulting to less dissolved
oxygen which may threaten the water organisms
Toxic chemicals carried by the water making it harmful for
both biotic and abiotic organisms in the water

Soil Pollution Soil contamination by excess salts and water

Soil contamination by hazardous wastes

The Earth’s natural processes work fine as long as it is not disrupted by

overloading them with harmful chemicals or by removing too many important
chemicals for living organisms. An increase or decrease of these abiotic factors has
an impact on organisms living on earth. Despite having adaptive abilities to suit with
the kind of ecosystems organisms are dwelling, a change in any of these
components limits reproduction and survival rate. Therefore, organisms must cope
with the change in order to survive.

What’s More

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Activity 3. Pic Connect

Directions: Explain the connection between the first and the second picture by
predicting its possible effects to living organisms. Write your answers in
your Science activity notebook.

1.

Figure 9. Garbage and River

Possible effects: _____________________________________

2.

Figure 10. Kaingin and Soil

Possible effects: ______________________________________

What I Have Learned

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Directions: Using the picture below, complete the table by filling in the necessary
information about abiotic and biotic components. Write your answers
in your Science activity notebook.

Figure 11. Watered Plant

Abiotic Component

Biotic Component

Interaction

What I Can Do

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Directions: Write one (1) simple way that you can do to reduce the effects of
pollution in the water ecosystem. Write your answers in your Science
activity notebook.

Figure 12. Polluted Water

Assessment

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Directions: In the following multiple choice test, choose the letter of the correct
answer and write it in your Science activity notebook.

1. The presence of materials in the atmosphere which produces adverse effects

especially to humans and their daily activities is known as ______________.
A. soil pollution C. thermal pollution
B. air pollution D. water pollution

2. When there is overproduction of nitrates, phosphates, and potassium in the soil, it

becomes ______.
A. acidic B. dry C. fertile D. humus

3. Which of the following is NOT a natural disturbance to the abiotic components in

an ecosystem?
A. Earthquake C. Quarrying
B. Landslide D. Typhoon

4. What can happen to fishes when there is not enough oxygen in the water?
A. They can’t see.
B. They can suffocate.
C. They can grow really big.
D. They can no longer float in the water.
5. Which of the following can help reduce the effects of climate change?
A. Drink 8 to 10 glasses of water a day
B. Stop building homes.
C. Take a bath daily.
D. Plant more trees.

6. The following are human activities which can lessen the effects of air pollution,
EXCEPT:
A. segregation of wastes C. burning of garbage
B. multiple crop farming D. planting of trees

7. In an/a__________, living organisms work along with the physical component of

habitat to maintain life.
A. atmosphere B. biosphere C. ecosystem D. environment

8. It is a non-living component of an ecosystem.

A. Abiotic B. Biotic C. Consumer D. Decomposer

9. It is a component of the environment that includes living organisms.

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 A. Abiotic B. Biotic C. Consumer D. Producer

10. Which of the following best describes an ecosystem?

A. All living things and non-living things C. Only living things
B. Humans and animals D. Plants only

11. From this statement, “A cow is grazing on the grass”, which is the producer?
A. Cow B. Grass C. Heat D. Sun

12. Which of the following abiotic components is the source of water and nutrients
for plant growth and development?
A. Soil C. Sunlight
B. Water D. Temperature

13. . What is the ultimate source of almost all energy in most ecosystems?
A. Carbohydrates C. Sun
B. Carbon D. Water

14. Sophie loves to plant. She wakes up early to take care of her succulents and
flowers. What are needed to keep her plants growing?
I. Enough water in the soil
II. Sufficient sunlight
III. Excessive amount of fertilizer
A. I only B. II only C. I and II D. I, II and II

15. Which of the following statements shows the importance of the abiotic
components of ecosystem?
I. It affects biodiversity.
II. It supports the living organisms.
III. It helps shape healthy ecosystems.
IV. It determines the biotic components.

A. I, II B. I, II, IV C. I, III, IV D. I, II, III, IV

Additional Activities

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Directions: Read the situation carefully and answer the questions below. Write your
answers in your Science activity notebook.

SITUATION: In some rural areas or barangays, the community people usually wash
their dirty clothes with soaps and detergents in the rivers. Predict what
will happen to the river ecosystem if there is constant pouring or
throwing of soaps and detergents directly into the water.

QUESTIONS:

1. What would be the possible problem that may arise due to the practice of
throwing soaps and detergents into the river after washing?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
2. What would be the possible effects of the changes in the river ecosystem?
Cite at least three (3) effects.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
3. Suggest ways to lessen the effects of changes in the river ecosystem.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

Answer Key

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WHAT I KNOW LESSON 1 LESSON 2

1. C Activity 1 Activity 1
2. A
(Answers may vary.) 1. Abiotic
3. B
2. Bitoic
4. A Activity 2
3. Abiotic
5. B
1. Biotic 4. Abiotic
6. C
2. Abiotic 5. Abiotic
7. D
3. Biotic
8. A Activity 2
4. Abioticc
9. C
5. Abiotic 1. Answers may vary.
10. B
6. Biotic 2. Answers may vary.
11. A
7. Abiotic
12. C Activity 3
8. Abiotic
13. B
9. Biotic 1. Answers may vary.
14. D
10. Biotic 2. Answers may vary.
15. C
Activity 3
ASSESSMENT
1.
2. Answers may
1. B
vary.
2. A
3. Answers may
3. C
vary.
4. B
5. D
6. C
7. C
8. A WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
9. B
10. A (Answers may vary.)
11. B
12. A
13. C WHAT I CAN DO ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES
14. C
15. D (Answers may vary.) (Answers may vary.)

22
REFERENCES:

BOOKS

Asuncion, Alvie J. Science Grade 7. Manila: Department of Education, 2017.

Balasubramanian, A.. "Ecosystem and Its Components." ResearchGate 1-3, 2007.

Capco, Carmelita Murphy. Biology. Phoenix Publishing House, 2003.

Kormondy, Edward J.. "Concepts of Ecology 4th Edition." Upper Saddle River, New
Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1996.

Primack, Richard B. "Essentials of Conservation Biology: Third Edition." In

Essentials of Conservation Biology: Third Edition, by Richard B Primack, 4-10.
Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers, 2002.

Tansley, A.G. "The Use and Abuse of vegetation Concepts and Terms. Ecology."
299-304, 1935.

ELECTRONICS

n.d. cdn.zmescience.com.
https://cdn.zmescience.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/D095D0BAD0BED0
BBD0BED0B3D0B8D187D0BDD0BE_D180D0B0D0B2D0BDD0BED0B2D0B
5D181D0B8D0B53.jpg . (Accessed May 19, 2020)

Freitas, Deb. 2014. WyoBio Middle School Biodiversity Unit.

http://wyobio.org/education/middle-school-biodiversity-unit/. (Accessed May
18, 2020)

Help Teaching. 2004-2020. www.helpteaching.com/questions/Biotic_and_Abiotic?

pageNum=1 (accessed June 11, 2020)

Tuazon, Jenny.no.themosaicmind.com.12/15/2013.
https://www.slideshare.net/jennytuazon01630/rubrics-in-essay.6/22/2020

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region 10

Zone 1, DepEd Building Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang

Cagayan de Oro City, 9000
Telefax: (088) 880 7072
E-mail Address: region10@deped.govph

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