Br

iefdescr
ipt
ionofMi
chel
aSyst
em

Howar
esy
ll
abl
eswr
it
tenwi
tht
heMi
chel
aphonet
ickey
boar
d?

Eachsy
ll
abl
eiscomposedofasetofsounds(
phonemes)
,thatAnt
oni
o
Mi
chel
a-Zucco,t
heMi
chel
amachi
ne'
sinv
ent
or,cl
assi
fi
edi
ntof
ourphoni
c
el
ement
scal
l
ed“
Ser
ie”(
ser
ies/
banks)
:

Iphoni
cel
ement(
ini
ti
alsounds)
I
Iphoni
cel
ement(
subsequentsound)
I
IImai
nphoni
cel
ement(
toni
cvowel
)
I
Vphoni
cel
ement(
endi
ngsounds)
.

Thephonet
icwr
it
ing
Wi
th Mi
chel
a key
boar
diti
sfi
rstpossi
blet
o wr
it
e phonet
ical
l
ythe
sy
ll
abl
esofanyl
anguage,asi
ftheywer
epi
anochor
ds.Wi
tht
hismode(
now
onl
yusedf
oreducat
ionalpur
poses)i
trecor
dst
hesoundoft
hespokenwor
d
l
i
ke an audi
orecor
der
,buti
n wr
it
ing.I
nthi
s mode,each si
mul
taneous
pr
essi
ngofoneormor
ekey
sbyt
hef
inger
sofbot
hhandscor
respondst
othe
soundofasy
ll
abl
e.

Forexampl
ethesy
ll
abl
e“SI
”ismadebyt
hei
nit
ialsound“
S”andt
he
mai
nvowelsound“
I”
,whi
l
ethesy
ll
abl
e“TRAT”consi
stsoft
hei
nit
ialsound
“
T”,
thesubsequentsound“
R”,
thet
oni
c/mai
nvowel
sound“
A”andt
heendi
ng
sound“
T”.Assai
d,Mi
chel
amachi
ner
epeat
sthi
sst
ruct
uri
ngoft
hesy
ll
abl
e
and so i
ts key
boar
disi
deal
l
y di
vi
ded i
ntof
ourar
eas,cal
l
ed “
ser
ie”
(
ser
ies/
banks)
,cor
respondi
ngt
othef
ourpar
tsi
nwhi
cheachsy
ll
abl
ecanbe
i
deal
l
ydi
vi
ded.Thekey
boar
dist
henf
ormedbyt
wodi
sti
nctpar
tsof10key
s,
onef
ort
hel
efthandandt
heot
herf
ort
her
ighthand(
eachf
ingerhast
wo
speci
fi
ckey
sassi
gnedandcanpushonl
ythose)
.

(
Key
boar
dbanks,
phoni
cval
uesandpl
acementoft
hef
inger
s)

_
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___
 Asshown,
eachkeyr
epr
esent
sadi
ff
erentphoneme,
andi
tisassoci
ated
wi
thal
i
ter
alsy
mbol
.
_
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___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
Asi
ttur
nout
s,t
hesoundst
hatcanber
epr
esent
edi
nthef
ourbanksar
e
notonl
ythosecor
respondi
ngt
othe20key
s;t
her
ear
enumer
ousot
her
s
associ
atedt
okeycombi
nat
ions(
asi
ftheywer
epi
anochor
ds)
,let
'st
akea
l
ook.

Soundsof1stand3rdbanks
Usi
ngonl
ythe1stand3nd banksi
sal
readypossi
blet
ophonet
ical
l
y
r
epr
esentmanyoft
hemostbasi
csy
ll
abl
es,consi
sti
ngofasi
ngl
evowel
sound(
eg,“
a”,“
i”
)orav
owelsoundpr
ecededbyaconsonant(
eg.“
va”
,“l
o”,
“
re”et
c.)
.Bel
ow t
hel
i
stofphonemespr
esenti
nthesebankst
oget
herwi
th
t
hekey(
orkey
s)whi
char
eassoci
ated:
*Int hei
tali
anlanguageThe“ c”and“ g”canhav easof tsoundorahar dsound.Theyar e
softwhent heyaref ol
lowedby“ e”or“ i”(eg.genesi,gente,dicembre, circo)
,ar ehardwhen
fol
lowedby“ a”
,“o”,“u”(eg.gatto,gocci a,cane,cuore).Thel ett
er“ s”,inturn,canhav ea
sweetsoundoranhar shsound.I tissweetwheni tismost l
ybet weenv owel s(eg,vi
so,
rosa,chi
esa)orwheni tisfoll
owedbyt heconsonant s“b”,“d”,“
g”",“l”,“m”,“n”,“r
”,“v
”(eg:
sbarco,sdegno,sdoppi are)
;itisharshmai nlywheni tispr ecededbyanot herconsonant
(perso,f
also),wheni tisatthebegi nningoft hewor l
df ol
lowedbyav owel( sal
e,sole)or
wheni ti
sdoubl e(r
osso, assessore).

_
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___

Wi
tht
hesesounds,assai
d,i
sal
readypossi
blet
owr
it
ephonet
ical
l
y
di
ff
erentwor
ds.Eg.t
hewor
d“pane”(
bread)i
sfor
medf
rom t
hesy
ll
abl
es“
pa”
and“
ne”
:thef
ir
stwi
l
lbewr
it
tenbysi
mul
taneousl
ypr
essi
ngt
hekey
s“P”of
he1stbanksandt
t hev a”of3rdbank,
owel“ andt
hesecondbysi
mul
taneousl
y
pr
essi
ngt
hekey
s“N”i
nthe1stbankand“ he3rdbank.Sowi
e”oft thphonet
ic
wr
it
ing“
pane”wi
l
lbewr
it
tenwi
tht
wocombi
nat
ions:

P a PA
N e NE

Thekey
boar
dthenpr
oducesasuccessi
onofsy
ll
abl
es(
not
es)t
hatcan
ber
eadbyt
heoper
atoronast
ri
pofpaperort
ransl
atedbyt
hecomput
ert
o
r
econst
ructt
hesi
ngl
ewor
ds:

S ZP e ME
F P ie TO
SC P ie DO
S ZP i MI
CP e CHE
SC N a LA

Thef oll
owi
ngareaf ew wordswr i
tt
enwi
th1st and3rd banksandt
hei
r
cor
respondi
ngshor
thandcombinat
ions.

Wor
d/key
s:
A =a BE/
NE =FCPe/
Ne
È =ua FA/
SE =Fa/
Ze
I
O =ZNi
e SA/
NI =Sa/
Ni
LA =SCNa SO/
NO =Si
e/Ni
e
ME =SZPe SCE/
SO =Ce/
Zie
VA =SCa CA/
ME/
RA =CPa/
SZPe/
NCFa
U/
NA =u/
Na FA/
VO/
RE =Fa/
Vie/
FCNe
PO/
SI/
TI/
VA =Pi
e/Zi
/FPi
/SCa SENATO =Se/
Na/
FPi
e

Sent
ences:
«
Sonosani
»=Si
e/Ni
e/Sa/
Ni
«
Pinoèf
ine»=Pi
/Ni
e/ua/
Fi/
Ne
«
Set
iva»=Se/
FPi
/SCa
«
Unaf
aseposi
ti
va»u/
Na/
Fa/
Ze/
Pie/
Zi/
Fpi
SCa
«
Unacenapenosa»=u/
Na/
SPe/
Na/
Pe/
Nie/
Za
«
Èscesal
anev
e»=ua/
Ce/
Za/
SCNa/
Ne/
SCe
«
Mel
asonocav
ata»=SZPe/
SCNa/
Sie/
Nie/
CPa/
SCa/
FPa
«
Unamel
abacat
a»=u/
Na/
SZPe/
SCNa/
FCPa/
CPa/
FPa
«
Adaèv
enut
aaRoma»=a/
SCPa/
ua/
SCe/
Nu/
FPa/
a/FCNi
e/SZPa
«
Senat
o e Camer
a sono a f
avor
e» =
Se/
Na/
FPi
e/e/
CPa/
SZPe/
FCNa/
Sie/
Nie/
a/Fa/
SCi
eFCNe»
.

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Soundsof2ndand4thbanks
I
nthesy
ll
abl
ecant
henbeaddi
ti
onalsoundsbef
oret
hev
owelsounds
andf
oll
owi
ngt
hev
oice;
Theyar
erepr
esent
edwi
th2ndand4thbanks.
Bel
owal
i
sti
ngoft
hephonemespr
esenti
nthesebanks(
not
ethatt
he
4th bankcont
ainst he1stbank,al
hesamesoundsoft thoughi
nrev
erseor
der
,
asi
fseeni
nami
rr
or)
.
 _
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___

Sent
ences:
«
Unpr
imopi
att
o»=un/
PRi
/SZPi
e/PI
apf
/FPi
e
«
Sonobr
avoconi
lpi
ano»=Si
e/Ni
e/FCPRa/
Sci
e/CPi
en/
incs/
PIa/
Nie
«
Unascel
tagi
ust
a»=u/
Na/
Cencs/
FPa/
ZPI
us/
FPa
«
Avant
isenzast
rappi
»=a/
SCan/
FPi
/Sen/
SZas/
FPRap/
Pi.(
*)

(*Theconsonantgr oups“ STR” ,“

SCR” ,“
SPR”et c.(eg:strano,scri
ve,spruzzo
etc.)arewrit
tenant icipatingt hesound“ S”int hepr ecedi
ngsy llable(“l
o
strano”
=SCNies/FPra/Ni e;“ siscri
ve”=Si
s/CPRI/SCeet c.)orbypl acingthe
sound“ S”i
nanaut onomouscombi nati
onwi t
ht heemut esound( ia)inthe
3rdbank (“strano”=Sia/ FPRa/Nie;“scri
ve”=Si
a/ CPRI/SCeet c.)orusi ngthe
specifi
csound “ ST”pr ov ided byt heencoding f ort heLat i
nl anguagei n
subst
it
uti
onoft
heJsound(
eg.“
str
appo"
=FZRap/
Pie)
.

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Abbr
evi
ati
ons
Forpr
ofessi
onaluse,t
he r
epor
terusesa l
otofabbr
evi
ati
onsand
acr
ony
msi
npl
aceofphonet
icwr
it
ing.Thi
shi
ghl
yreducest
henumberof
combi
nat
ionsneededt
orepr
esentsy
ll
abi
cwor
ds.Theabbr
evi
ati
onssy
stem
mayi
ncl
udet
heel
i
minat
ionoft
hev
ocal
sint
hecent
ralpar
toft
hewor
ds,
usi he 2nd bank t
ng t o wr
it
ethe subsequentconsonantsound and t
he
el
i
minat
ionoft
heendi
ngv
owel
s(f
oll
owi
ngaser
iesofcr
it
eri
aorr
ulest
o
det
ermi
net
hepl
ural
sandgender
s).
Bel
ow,
afewexampl
e,subdi
vi
dedbygr
ammat
ical
cat
egor
ies.

NOUNS
bi
sogno=FCPXi
enf l
avor
i=SCNRI
ienz
Camer
adi
deput
ati
=CPXI
Uep l
i
vel
l
o=SCNXI
encs
Commi
ssi
one=CPRUi
s Paese=PI
ez
cor
so=CPRi
es Par
lament
o=Papzs
deput
ati
=SCPI
Uenz passaggi
o=PXapz
deput
ato=SCPep posi
zi
one=PXi
zs
di
bat
ti
to=SCPi
pcf Pr
esi
dent
e=PRuas
di
segnodi
leggeSCPRI
epz pr
obl
ema=PRi
epcf
dov
ere=SCPXI
encf r
iduzi
one=FCNRI
Uuz
s
f
ase=Faz Senat
o=SXUapf
f
avor
evol
e=FXI
iecs senat
ore=SRUi
encf
f
rase=FRaz senat
ori
=SRUi
enz
Gov
erno=FZPXI
encf sf
avor
evol
e=ZXI
iecs
si
gnor=SI
iencf sol
uzi
one=SRI
uzs
si
gnor
i=SI
ienz t
assazi
one=FPXazs

VERBS
abbi
amo=FCPI
apzs sar
à=SRa
è=ua si
amo=SI
apzs
ha=FCa sono=SXUi
e
par
lando=PRI
anzs t
rov
are=FPXI
ancf
par
li
amo=PRI
apzs v
err
à=SCRa
possi
amo=PUi
epzs v
orr
ei=SCRezf
possono=PUi
en

PREPOSI
TIONS/
ARTI
CLES/
ARTI
COLATEDPREPOSI
TIONS
a=a del
l
e=SCPRI
e
agl
i=SCNRI
i del
l
o=SCPRI
ie
al
l
a=SCNRI
a di
=SCPi
al
l
e=SCNRI
e i
l=i
ncs
al
l
o=SCNRI
ie l
a=SCNa
dagl
i=SCPXUI
i nel
=Nencs
dal
l
a=SCPXUI
a sugl
i=SRI
ie(
opp.Suns)
dal
l
e=SCPXUI
e sul
l
a=SRI
a
dal
l
o=SCPXUI
ie sul
l
e=SRI
e
degl
i=SCPRI
i(opp.SCPens) sul
l
o=SRI
ie
dei
=SCPenz una=CNXUa
del
=SCPencs una=CNXUi
e
del
l
a=SCPRI
a

ADJECTI
VES
gr
ave=FZPRacs i
nter
nazi
onal
e=FZNXUancs
i
nter
nazi
onal
i=FZNXUazf t
utt
a=FPRI
Ua
mor
ale=SZPRancs t
utt
e=FPRI
Ue
quest
a=SZNa t
utt
i=FPRI
Ui
quest
e=SZNe t
utt
o=FPRI
Uie
quest
i=SZNi t
utt
o=FPRI
Uie
quest
o=SZNi
e

ADVERBS/
CONJUCTI
ONS
br
evement
e=FCPRe/
SCepzs mol
to=SZPRI
iepf
come=CPRUe(
opp.CPUi
epzs) non=Ni
en
i
n=i
n per
ché=PXI
Uua
i
nfi
ne=NXI
in per
tant
o=PRI
Uanzf
i
nvece=NXI
eps quando=CPUanzs

SHORTFORMS
èappr
ovat
oUap
nonèappr
ovat
o=Nuap
perquant
ori
guar
da=PRi
pzf
Si
gnorPr
esi
dent
e,onor
evol
icol
l
eghi
=SI
Uiepc
 METHODFORWRI
TINGNUMBERS

Asr
egar
dst
hespeci
fi
cpr
obl
em ofwr
it
ingt
henumber
s,t
her
ear
etwo
possi
bil
i
ties,oneofwhi
chi
stowr
it
ewr
it
ethewor
dsast
heyar
espoken
accor
dingt
othegener
alpr
ocedur
e.
The second opt
ion i
sto use t
he numbersy
stem,t
hatal
l
ows a
si
gni
fi
cantr
educt
ioni
nst
rokest
hrought
heut
il
izat
ionofaspeci
fi
cnumer
ic
v
alueassi
gnedt
oeachMi
chel
akey
.

Fort
hei
mpl
ement
ati
onoft
hismet
hodt
hef
ir
st,t
hesecondandf
our
th

banksar
etakenasspeci
fi
clocat
ions,
respect
ivel
y,oft
hehundr
eds,
tensand

uni
ts,whi
l
ethet
hir
dbank(
usedf
ort
hev
owel
s)i
snotused.Becauset
he

bankofv
owel
sisnotusedi
nthewr
it
ingofnumber
s,onecani
mmedi
atel
y

r
ecogni
zet
henot
eswhi
chexpr
essdi
git
s(f
ornon-
digi
ts,
thebankof“
vowel
s”

i
sal
way
sut
il
ized.
)Unr
epr
esent
ednumber
sar
eobt
ainedbyaddi
ngt
hev
alues
oft
heot
herkey
s(eg.4=3+1,
5=2+3,
7=6+1,
8=6+2)
.
 Bel
owadi
agr
am oft
henumber
supt
o999.

f
=1 R=10,
Rf=11,
Rs=12(
….) F=100,
Ff=101,
Fs=102(
..
.)
s=2 X=20 S=200
c=3 I
=30 C=300
cf
=4 RI
=40 FC=400
cs=5 XI
=50 SC=500
z=6 U=60 Z=600
zf
=7 RU=70 FZ=700
zs=8 XU=80 SZ=800
p=9 I
U=90 P=900,
PIU=990,
PIUp=999(
..
.)

Fort
henumber
sbey
ond999,
thef
oll
owi
ngcl
ari
fi
cat
ionappl
i
esToeach
st
roke i
nthe numbermet
hod cor
responds a t
ernar
ygr
oup ofnumber
s
expr
essed wi
th ar
abi
c numer
als.Because t
he number
s ar
e"upbeat
",i
n
gr
oups oft
hree di
git
s,whi
ch gr
adual
l
yincl
ude t
he hundr
eds (
999)
,the
t
housands999.
999)
,themi
l
li
ons(
999.
999.
999)
,bi
l
li
ons(
999.
999.
999.
999)
andsoon,t
heMi
chel
anumbermet
hodf
oll
owst
hiscr
it
eri
on:t
hehor
izont
al
“
cont
igui
ty”ofsuchgr
oupsmat
chesav
ert
ical“
cont
igui
ty”
,int
hesenset
hat
t
het
ernar
ygr
oupsar
eexpr
essedwi
thsuccessi
vest
rokes.Fori
nst
ance,t
he
number999.
990wi
l
lbewr
it
tenwi
tht
wost
rokes=PI
Up/
PIU,sot
hef
ir
st
st
rokeexpr
esst
hedi
gitof999andsoonaf
terasecondst
rokewi
l
lexpr
ess
t
hedi
git990.I
fthest
rokeswer
ethr
ee,t
hef
ir
stwoul
dexpr
essobv
iousl
ythe
v
alueoft
hemi
l
li
ons,t
hesecondt
hev
alueoft
housands,t
het
hir
donet
he
hundr
eds,
andsoon.
Summi
ngup,onest
rokecanexpr
essnumber
snotexceedi
ng999;t
wo
st
rokescan expr
essnumber
sno mor
ethan 999.
999,t
hreest
rokescan
expr
essnumber
snomor
ethan999.
999.
999et
c..

I
nthecasei
nwhi
cht
her
eisadeci
malnumber(
eg.90,
10)
,bet
weent
he
f
ir
stst
roker
epr
oduci
ng90(
IU)andt
heonet
hatexpr
ess10(
R)i
sinser
teda
t
hir
dst
roke,
an“
e”i
nthet
hir
dbankt
hatwi
l
lindi
cat
ethecomma.
Thus,
IU-
e/R
i
ndi
cat
es90,
10.

Exampl
es:
f
/F=1100
F/
R=100.
010
SCXz/
PIzf
=526.
937
ZI
s/FI
Up=632.
199
f
/CRcf
/SCUzs/
SIz=1.
314.
568.
236.