Readings in

Philippine History
Meaning and Relevance of History

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 What is
History?
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Historia
• Greek: knowledge acquired through inquiry and
investigation
• Latin: means the account of the past of a person
or of a group of people through written documents
and historical evidence
No document, no history
Traditional Meaning
History is the record of the
human past from the time
written records began to
appear
History is limited to the
literates
Contemporary Meaning
History is a reconstruction of
the past based on available
written records, oral history,
cultural artifacts, and folk
traditions
It involves collection, analysis,
and synthesis of available
limited available materials.
What is the relevance
of History to your
course?
 Historical
Sources
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 Primary Sources
• The documents or physical objects should be written or
created during the time under study.
• The person should be present during that experience or
time period
• It should offer an inside view of a particular event
• They are characterized by their content, regardless of whether
they are available in the original format, in
microfilm/microche, in digital, or in published format
 Examples of Primary Sources

ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS RELICS or ARTIFACTS

CREATIVE WORKS
excerpts or translations, pottery
diaries, speeches, poetry furniture
manuscripts, letters, drama clothing
interviews, news, film novels
music
buildings
footage,
autobiographies, official art
records
 Secondary Sources
PUBLICATIONS
• They interpret and analyze primary
sources textbooks, magazine
articles, histories,
• They may also have pictures, quotes or criticisms,
graphics of primary sources in them commentaries,
encyclopedias
 Tertiary Sources
PUBLICATIONS
• These are publications that summarize dictionaries,
and digest the information in primary almanacs,
and secondary sources to provide factbooks,
background on a topic, idea or event directories,
guidebooks,
manuals
 Knowledge
Check

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The Murillo Velarde Map

Primary
Life Stories in MMK

Secondary
Photograph during Vietnam
War uploaded in Facebook

Primary
 Wikipedia

Tertiary
Youtube video of 1956
High School Exchange
Students Debate

Primary
 A stenograph of a
court meeting

Primary
 Almanac

Tertiary
 Boy Abunda
Talkshow

Primary
 Literary Criticism

Secondary
 Fossil teeth of
Homo Luzonensis

Primary
 Types of
Criticism
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 External Criticism
Anachronism
Authenticity Could be a person or
a thing or idea
• Checking the source’s form placed on the wrong
time
• To spot fabricated, forged, faked
documents and to distinguish a e.g., pencils did not
hoax or misinterpretation exist until 16 th

century
 Internal Criticism
Credibility
• Looking into the source’s content
• Examines the closeness of
the document/source as what
really happened
Identification of the
Author
His reliability, mental
processes and attitudes
Corroboration
Particulars which rest upon
the independent testimony of
two or more reliable witnesses
of a similar event
 Thank you!
DO YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS FOR
ME?

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