9

SCIENCE
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Percentage Composition and
Chemical Formula
Quarter 2- Week 8

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Science – Grade 9
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Percentage Composition and Chemical Formula
Quarter 2- Week 8

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Guided Learning Activity Kit Development Team

Writer: Ailyne T. Renojo
Editor: John Florentino E. Echon
Reviewer: Catherine Trimor
Graphic Artist: Ferdinand V. dela Llana
Management Team: Leonardo D. Zapanta EdD, CESO V
Michelle Ablian-Mejica EdD
Manolito B. Basilio EdD
Evelyn D. Tarrayo EdD
Garry M. Achacoso
Rachelle C. Diviva

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education

Region III
Schools Division of Zambales
Zone 6, Iba, Zambales
Tel./Fax No. (047) 602 1391
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Website: www.depedzambales.ph
 PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION AND
CHEMICAL FORMULA

Introduction

Are you and your relative fond of online shopping? Do you seek products and
services that offers a percentage discount?

In your previous lesson, you were introduced to the concept of the mole. You
were also taught how to compute the molar mass of compounds and their
relationship with the number of particles and the number of moles. These topics
have a lot of roles to play in determining the percentage composition of
compounds.

In this lesson, we will discuss the steps in solving the percentage

composition. We will also learn how to determine the chemical formula of
compounds.

Learning Competency

Determine the percentage composition of a compound given its chemical

formula and vice versa. (S9MT-IIj-20).

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 Objectives

At the end of this learning activity sheet, you are expected to:
1. compute for the percentage composition of a compound given its chemical
formula;
2. differentiate between empirical formula and molecular formula;
3. calculate the molar mass and empirical mass of compounds;
4. determine the chemical formula of a compound given its percentage
composition; and
5. explain the importance of knowing the percentage composition and
chemical formula of compounds.

Review

Let us check how much you have learned about the mole concept. Copy and
complete the table below. Refer to the Periodic Table of Elements attached at the
end part of this learning kit for the mass of the element.

Molar
Molar Mass
Number of Number of Mass of Total Mass
Element/ of the
Particle in Moles of the of the
Compound Compound
1 mole Element/s Element Element (g)
(g/mole)
(g)
6.02x1023
Ca 40.08
atom Ca
O2 2
K = 39.10 K = 78.20
K 2S
S = 32.06 S = 32.06
C=1
CH4 16.05
H=4
Well done! Now you are ready for our next lesson.

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 Discussion

What is Percentage Composition?

Percentage is a very important expression in understanding the composition

of things. Banks use percentage to express how much interest your money will
earn if you deposit a certain amount. Malls give a certain percentage discount to
attract buyers, especially during important occasions. Percentage is also used by
pharmaceutical companies to indicate how much of a substance is present in
medicines.

In Chemistry, percentage composition is the ratio of the mass of an

individual element to the total mass of the compound expressed in percentage.
Percentage composition is a very important tool in determining how much of a
substance is present in a compound. In developing the vaccine for Covid-19, for
example, the right amount of each element should be properly added up to
understand its properties, mechanism of action, and possible side effects.

How do we compute the percentage composition of a compound?

Sample Problems:

1. Water is a very important compound. It makes up about 60% of the adult

human body ("The Water in You: Water and The Human Body" 2020). The chemical
formula of water is H2O. Calculate the percentage composition of water.
Step 1: Compute the molar mass of H2O. To do this, you need to look for the
molar mass of Hydrogen and Oxygen and multiply it by the number of
atom/s as indicated by their subscript in the chemical formula. As you have
learned from your previous module, the molar mass of an element is
numerically equal to its atomic mass.

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 Step 2: To compute the percentage composition, use the formula:

𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬 𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊 𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪

𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬 = 𝒙𝒙 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏%
𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴 𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴𝑴 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪

Step 2.1: Divide the total mass of the element by the molar mass of the
compound.

Step 2.2: Multiply the answer by 100.

The result from our computation shows that water is made up of 11.21%
Hydrogen and 88.79% Oxygen. Take note that when we add up the percentage of
each element in the compound, we will get 100%.

2. Table salt is one of the most used condiments in Filipino cuisine. The right
amount of table salt gives Filipino dishes a delightful taste. The chemical formula
of table salt is NaCl. What percent of NaCl is Sodium(Na)?

a.
Step 1: Calculate the molar
mass of NaCl.

Step 2: Divide the total mass of

b.
Na by the molar mass of NaCl,
then multiply the answer by

Since you are asked only for the percentage of Sodium in NaCl, you need not
compute for the percentage of Chlorine.

It is very important to remember that computations in Science will never be

completed without the units of measure. You will also apply your knowledge in
rounding off numbers as this lesson requires you to express your answers in two
decimal places. You should also recheck your answers to make sure it is correct.

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Chemical Formula

Another important use of percentage composition is the identification of the

compound’s chemical formula. How do you think all the compounds that we know
today were discovered? How did the scientists come up with their chemical formula
that we are familiar with?

The chemical formula of a compound is very important as it gives us

information about the constituent element of the compound and the proportion of
each element in the compound. The chemical formula is also used in representing
compounds in a chemical equation to understand their nature and reaction with
other compounds.

The chemical formula plays an important role in understanding many

aspects of chemical computations including stoichiometry. Chemists carefully
study unknown compounds, discover the elements that make up those
compounds, and finally manage to determine the chemical formula of the
compounds. We, on the other hand, benefits from it because those compounds
which chemists discovered were used in the production of our basic needs such as
food, medicines, and clothing. Without knowing what an unknown compound is
made of, we cannot benefit from it.

Empirical Formula and Molecular Formula

The empirical formula shows the smallest whole-number ratio of elements in

a compound. The empirical formula is not enough to give chemists an idea of how
the compound behaves that is why the molecular formula is needed. Molecular
formula, on the other hand, shows the actual ratio of elements in a compound and
is used to gather information about the compound.

How can you determine the empirical and molecular formula of a

compound? Let us look at the examples below.

Sample Problems:

A. Determining the Empirical Formula

1. Glucose is the sugar found in our blood. It has the following percentage
composition: 39.99% C, 6.73% H and 53.28% O. What is the empirical formula of
glucose?

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 Step 1: Convert the percentage of each element into the mass in grams.
Assume that there is 100g of the substance so that the percentage will be
the mass in grams.
39.99% C 39.99g C

6.73% H 6.73g H

53.28% O 53.28g O

Step 2: Convert the mass of each element to moles by dividing it by the

molar mass of the element. Identify the smallest computed mole.

The smallest computed mole

is 3.33 mol.

Step 3: Find the whole number ratio of the moles of the elements by
dividing the moles of each element by the smallest computed mole. In our
example, the smallest computed mole is 3.33, so we must divide the moles
of each element by 3.33.

Since what we need is the whole number ratio, then we have 1:2:1 ratio of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, respectively. In cases where the computed mole
ratio is not a whole number (3.5, 2.33, 1.25), you have to multiply all mole ratios
with a certain number to make all of the ratios a whole number. But if the decimal
portion is 0.97 to 0.99 or .01 to 0.09, you can just round them off to the nearest
whole number.
Step 4. Write the empirical formula of the compound using the computed
mole ratio as the subscript. You don’t have to write the subscript if the mole
ratio is 1. In this case, our empirical formula is CH2O.

Having determined the empirical formula may not be enough to understand

the compound. The molecular formula or the “true formula” of the compound
should be determined to give scientists more information about the compound.

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B. Determining the Molecular Formula

From what we have determined, the empirical formula of glucose is CH2O. If

its molar mass is 180.18 what is its molecular formula?

Step 1: Compute for the empirical mass. The empirical mass is the mass of
the empirical formula CH2O.

Step 2: Divide the molecular mass by the empirical mass to get a certain
number (x) which is the ratio of molar mass and the empirical mass.

𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐

x=
𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

Step 3: Multiply the value of x by the subscript of each element in the

empirical formula.

(CH2O)6 = C6H12O6

Therefore the molecular formula of glucose is C6H12O6.

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 Activities

General Directions: Write all your answers on a separate sheet of paper. The rubric
below will be used to give corresponding points to your work.

CRITERIA POINTS
The student showed the complete steps in solving the problem. 2
The student showed the cancellation of units of measure. 1
The final answer is correct up to the 2nd decimal place and with the 2
correct unit of measure.
TOTAL 5

Guided Practice 1: My Personal Hygiene Kit

Good hygiene habits keep everyone healthy especially now that Corona
Virus Disease threatens every individual around the world. Personal hygiene habits
that we must practice all the time include frequent and proper washing of hands,
taking a bath every day, using sanitizers or disinfectant when handwashing is not
possible, and brushing our teeth two to three times a day.
In this activity, you are going to calculate the percentage composition of
some important chemicals present in the things that we use to exercise proper
hygiene habits.
Use the attached Periodic Table of Elements at the last part of this learning kit.
1. Ethyl alcohol solution is the most common disinfectant nowadays. The
chemical formula of ethyl alcohol is C2H6O. What is its percentage
composition?
2. Taking a bath daily and frequent hand washing is advised by the
Department of Health (DOH) to help prevent the spread of viruses and
bacteria. One of the most common fatty acids used in soap making is
palmitic acid with a chemical formula of C16H32O2. Calculate the percentage
of carbon in palmitic acid.
3. Sugar alcohols or polyols are non-nutritive sweeteners found in our
toothpaste. Ordinary sugars undergo fermentation and produce acid that
causes tooth decay. Sugar alcohols, on the other hand, do not produce acid
that causes dental caries (Nayak, Nayak, and Khandelwal 2014). Xylitol is
one of the many sugar alcohols used in toothpaste. If xylitol has a chemical
formula of C5H12O5, what is the percentage of oxygen in the compound?

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Guided Practice 2: Modified True or False: Pinoy Flavor Edition

Directions: Read the passage below then answer the assessment statements that
follow. Write True if the statement is correct, and if wrong, change the underlined
phrases to make the statement correct.

Garlic is one of the many spices used in the Filipino menu. It is used in sautéing
dishes such as bulanglang, adobo, and sinangag. The pungent smell of garlic
comes from allicin, a chemical released when garlic is chopped. Allicin is also
responsible for the anti-fungal and antibacterial property of garlic (“Module-06:
Chemical Composition Of Spices And Condiments", 2020). The chemical formula of
allicin is C6H10OS2. Calculate the percentage composition of allicin then determine
if the following statements are true or not.

1. The total mass of sulfur in allicin is 39.51 grams.

2. There is 6.22% carbon in allicin.
3. Allicin consists of 9.86% oxygen.
4. The total mass of carbon in allicin is 64.12 grams.
5. The molar mass of allicin is 162.28 grams.
6. There are 10 moles of hydrogen in the compound.
7. Allicin is 39.51% sulfur.
8. The ratio of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur in allicin is 2:6:1:10,
respectively.
9. The total mass of hydrogen in the compound is 10.10g.
10. Allicin consists of 6.22% carbon.

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Independent Practice: Philippine Medicinal Plants

Philippine herbaceous plants are rich in compounds called phytochemicals

which can provide health benefits. Below are some of the phytochemicals from
common Philippine herbs that you yourselves might have taken or have used to
cure certain illnesses. Determine their chemical formula based on the given
information about them.

1. Ampalaya is identified by the Department of Health as one of the

recommended medicinal plants for natural products (Boy et al. 2018). One
of the many phytochemicals in ampalaya is lutein which has an important
role in maintaining good eyesight. It contains 84.43% C, 9.94% H, and
5.62%O. Determine the molecular formula of lutein.

2. Negundin is a phytochemical found in Lagundi (dangla in Ilocano) which

is used to relieve cough (Bautista, Cubos, and Lim 2015). The empirical
formula of negundin is C10H11O3. Its molar mass is 358.42g/mol. What is
its molecular formula?

3. Limonene is the antioxidant found in oregano and calamansi. The empirical

formula of limonene is C5H8. If its molar mass is s136.26 g/mol, what is its
molecular formula?

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 Assessment

Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. Which of the following is the correct description of the empirical formula?
a. It is the “true formula” of the compound.
b. It shows the actual number of atoms in a compound.
c. It is the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.
d. It indicates the actual whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.

2. Which of the following states the difference between empirical and molecular
formula?
a. Empirical formula shows the actual ratio of atoms while molecular formula
shows how atoms are bonded in a compound.
b. Empirical formula shows how atoms are bonded in a compound while
molecular formula shows the actual ratio of atoms.
c. Empirical formula shows the actual ratio of atoms while molecular formula
shows the simplest ratio of atoms in a compound.
d. Empirical formula shows the simplest ratio of atoms while molecular
formula shows the actual ratio of atoms in a compound.

3. What percent of Carbon is present in table sugar with a chemical formula of

C12H22O11?
a. 6.49% b. 42.10% c. 51.41% d. 65.91%

4. Carbon dioxide is the gas that is expelled out of the body during respiration.
What is the percentage composition of carbon dioxide?
a. 12.01% C and 32.00% O c. 72.71% C and 27.29% O
b. 32.00% C and 78.00% O d. 27.29% C and 72.71% O

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For questions 5 - 7, refer to the problem below.
Eggshell is mostly made up of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It is a semi-
permeable membrane that allows selected important compounds to pass through.
Calculate the percentage composition of calcium carbonate.

5. What is the total mass of calcium in the compound?

a. 1g b. 12.01g c. 40.08g d. 48.00g

6. What is the molar mass of calcium carbonate?

a. 40.00g/mol b. 48.00g/mol c. 100.09g/mol d. 125.34g/mol

7. What is the percentage of calcium in the compound?

a. 40.00% b. 40.04% c. 100% d. 100.02%

8. A certain compound has an empirical formula of C2H5. Its molar mass is 58.14
g/mol. What is the molecular formula of the compound?
a. C2H5 b. C3H10 c. C4H15 d. C4H10

9. An unknown compound was found to contain 19.99% C, 6.73% H, 46.64% N,

and 26.64% O. The molecular formula of the compound is 60.07 g/mol. What is
the empirical formula of the compound?
a. CHNO b. C2H2NO c. CH2N2O d. CH4N2O

10. In which of the following is the molecular formula of great importance?

I. In counting the number of particles of a compound.
II. In determining the percentage composition of a compound.
III. In determining the amount of pollutants in the air.
IV. In determining types of elements present in your vitamins.

a. I & II b. II & III c. III & IV d. II & IV

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 Reflection

Directions: Complete the Graphic Organizer and Venn Diagram below to check how much
you understand our lesson.

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 References

Aquino, Marites D., Estrellita A. Madriags, Meliza P. Valdoz, and Jonna A.

Biong. 2017.Science Links. Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.
(RBSI).

Bautista, N., Cubos A.F. and Lim, M.C. 2015. Genetic Diversity of Vitex
negundo L. (Lagundi) in the Philippines using Inter-simple Sequence
Repeat (ISRR) Marker Analysis. Journal of Nature Studies. 14 (1): 1-
11

Boy, Henry Ivanz A., Alfred Joshua H. Rutilla, Kimbberly A. Santos, Allister
Matthew T. Ty, Alicia I. Yu, Tooba Mahboob, Jitbanjong Tangpoong,
and Veeranoot Nissapatorn. 2018. "Recommended Medicinal Plants
As Source Of Natural Products: A Review". Digital Chinese Medicine 1
(2): 131-142. doi:10.1016/s2589-3777(19)30018-7.

Chang, Raymond, and Kenneth Goldsby. 2016. Chemistry. Ebook. 12th ed.
New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
https://www.academia.edu/40191186/Chemistry_12th_Edition_by_C
hang_and_Goldsby.

"Lutein". 2020. Pubchem.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov.

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Lutein.
"Module-06: Chemical Composition Of Spices And Condiments".
2020. Epgp.Inflibnet.Ac.In.
http://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/epgpdata/uploads/epgp_content/food_tec
hnology/technology_of_spices_and_condiments/06.chemical_composi
tion_of_spices_and__condiments/et/2875_et_m6.pdf.
Nayak, Prathibha Anand, Ullal Anand Nayak, and Vishal Khandelwal. 2014.
"The Effect Of Xylitol On Dental Caries And Oral Flora". Clinical,
Cosmetic And Investigational Dentistry, 89. doi:10.2147/ccide.s55761.
"The Water In You: Water And The Human Body". 2020. Usgs.Gov.
https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-
school/science/water-you-water-and-human-body?qt-
science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects.

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Key to Corrections

13.15 % H

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 Acknowledgment
The Schools Division of Zambales would like to express its heartfelt
gratitude to the following, who in one way or the other, have contributed to the
successful preparation, development, quality assurance, printing, and distribution
of the Quarter 2 Guided Learning Activity Kits (GLAKs) in all learning areas across
grade levels as a response to providing the learners with developmentally-
appropriate, contextualized and simplified learning resources with most essential
learning competencies (MELCs)-based activities anchored on the principles of
guided learning and explicit instruction:

First, the Learning Resources (LR) Development Team composed of the

writers and graphic artists for devoting much of their time and exhausting their
best efforts to produce these indispensable learning kits used for the
implementation of learning delivery modalities.
Second, the content editors, language reviewers, and layout evaluators
making up the Division Quality Assurance Team (DQAT) for having carefully
evaluated all GLAKs to ensure quality and compliance to DepEd standards;
Third, the Provincial Government of Zambales, for unceasingly extending its
financial assistance to augment the funds for the printing of these learning
resources for use by learners and parents at home;
Fourth, the teacher-advisers and subject teachers, in close coordination
with the school heads, for their weekly distribution and retrieval of the GLAKs and
for their frequent monitoring of the learners’ progress through various means; and
Finally, the parents and other home learning facilitators for giving the
learners the needed guidance and support for them to possibly accomplish the
tasks and for gradually helping them become independent learners.
To deliver learning continuity in this challenging circumstance would not be
possible without your collective effort and strong commitment to serving our
Zambaleño learners.
Again, our sincerest thanks!

The Management Team

 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III – Division of Zambales

Learning Resource Management Section (LRMS)
Zone 6, Iba, Zambales
Tel/Fax No. (047) 602 1391