SHS

General Chemistry 2
Quarter 3 - Week 4
Module 4-A – Stoichiometric Calculations for
Reactions in Solutions
General Chemistry 2
Grade 11 Quarter 3: Week 4 - Module 4A – Stoichiometric Calculations for
Reactions in Solutions
First Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: ELVIRA A. DELMENDO, MT- II

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Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II
 General Chemistry 2
Quarter 3: Week 4
Module 4-A – Stoichiometric
Calculations for Reactions in
Solutions
 TARGET

Stoichiometry sounds complicated, but the chemical equation is most likely

similar to a recipe which gives the reactants (ingredients) and products (final food).
The mole concept is fundamental in stoichiometry. The topic deals with mathematical
calculations in chemistry to describe the quantitative relationship among substances
in various chemical reactions.
Focus on the concepts specified in this Learning Material and develop your
mathematical skills in solving simple stoichiometric problems. You are provided with
simple activities and exercises.
After going through this learning material, you are expected to:

1. Perform stoichiometric calculations for reactions in solutions

(STEM_GC11PPIIId-f-112)
Sub-tasks:
a. Define stoichiometry.
b. Apply the concept of mole to obtain the amount of a given
substance.
c. Solve problems for quantitative relationships in balanced
chemical equations using the mole method.

Ahhaa!!! Before you proceed to the lesson proper, you need to find out how much you know
about the topic and you will be guided on what to be focused on. Take it easy! Good luck!!!

PRE-TEST
Perform the stoichiometric calculations of the given problem in a separate sheet. The
rubrics in giving points are as follows: (5 points each) 1 point for the given/required,
2 points for the solution, and 2 points for the correct answer).
1. How many moles of KClO3 are needed to make 3.50 moles of KCl?
2. How many moles of O2 are produced when 1.26 moles of H2O is reacted?
3. How many grams of Fe2O3 are produced when 42.7 grams of Fe is reacted?
4. What volume of a .35M AgNO3 is required to completely react with 55 mL of a
0.24M NaCl solution?

Take note: Just take a try in solving the problems. Don’t worry if you cannot
solve it correctly at this point, the problem will give you a hint on what to be
focused in the lesson. But if you answered it correctly congratulations! You may
proceed to the next lesson. Enjoy learning!
 JUMPSTART

Stoichiometry (pronounced stoy-key-OM-uh-tree) is a section of chemistry

that involves using relationships between reactants and/or products in a chemical
reaction to determine desired quantitative data. In Greek, stoikhein means element
and metron means measure, so stoichiometry literally translated means the measure
of elements.
It is an essential tool in chemistry because it is the heart of the production of
many things used in our daily life. The things or commodities we used like soap,
shampoo, tires, fertilizer, gasoline, deodorant, food products like chocolates, etc. are
produced through chemical reaction. Diverse problems like measuring the
concentration of ozone in the atmosphere and different processes like converting coal
into gaseous fuels all involved stoichiometry.
For the Reaction Stoichiometry in Solutions, we can perform stoichiometric
calculations for aqueous phase reactions just as we can for reactions in solid, liquid,
or gas phases. Almost always, we will use the concentrations of the solution as
conversion factors in our calculations.
Here are some important terms to review:
✓ Aqueous means dissolved in water, it is written as (aq). The solvent is water.
✓ Aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water. Example, a
solution of table salt or sodium chloride or known as salt solution.
✓ Solute is the substance that gets dissolved
✓ Solution a mixture of solute and solvent (Types: gas - gas, gas - liquid, gas –
solid, liquid – liquid, liquid – solid, liquid – gas, solid – solid, solid – liquid, and
solid - gas).
✓ Solvent is the liquid that dissolves solute
✓ Concentration means, how much solute is dissolved per volume of solution.
✓ Molarity is the concentration of a substance in solution, expressed as the
number moles of solute per liter of solution. Its unit is mol/L and it is
indicated by M.
✓ Molality is the concentration of a substance in solution, expressed as the
number moles of solute per kilogram of solution. Its unit is mol/kg or molal,
indicated as m.
✓ Mole is the SI unit of amount of substance of a specified elementary entity,
which may be an atom, molecule, ion, electron, any other particle or a
specified group of such particles. Its magnitude is set by fixing the numerical
value of the Avogadro constant to be exactly 6.022 x 1023.

Now that you know the term stoichiometry, are you ready to find out how to
calculate problems involving stoichiometry? Common! Let us discover then!
 DISCOVER

It seems difficult and complicated to solve stoichiometric problems, but relax!

Let’s just follow the steps one at a time and you will find out that calculating
stoichiometric problems are simple!

STEPS IN CALCULATING STOICHIOMETRIC PROBLEMS:

STEP 1. Balance the equation.
STEP 2. Convert units of a given substance to moles.
STEP 3. Using the mole ratio, calculate the moles of substance yielded by the
reaction.
STEP 4. Convert moles of wanted substance to desired units.

MOLE-TO-MOLE CALCULATION

Consider this situation.

Manong Juan and Manang Juana are hardworking farmers in the Province of
La Union. Both of them are aware that in order to produce ammonia, there is a need
to react nitrogen and hydrogen gas. But they wondered, how much urea fertilizer can
be manufactured from the ammonia? Let’s help them solve the problem #1 by using
the mole concept to get the amount of the substance (reactant and product), to
balance, and interpret chemical equations.

Problem # 1. How many moles of N2 are consumed to produce 3.00 mol NH3?
Look at the equation below.

N2 + H2 NH3 Is the equation balanced? The

answer is NO.

Following Step 1. You need to balance the equation, N2 + H2 NH3.

It becomes:
N2 + 3H2 2NH3. This time, is the equation
balanced? The answer is YES.
So, proceed to step 2.

Reminder: If you want to recall the steps on how to balance the equation, you may
review the previous module in Quarter 1 on the topic, balancing of chemical
equation.

STEP 2. Convert units of a given substance to moles. Use the Factor Method.
Given: 3.00 mol NH3
Required: ? mol N2
Process: Mole to mole

Figure 1. The simplified steps for mole-to-mole calculations based on the stoichiometric
relation between known substance and unknown substance. (Reference: Chemistry by
Espańa and Apostol)

Reminder: There are ways on how to convert the units of substances. Select
among the following processes below, as to the required process in the given
problem.
1. Mole to mole (mol to mol)
2. Mass to mole (gram to mol)
3. Mole to mass (mol to gram)
4. Mass to mass (gram to gram)
The other figures will be presented after solving problem 1.

STEP 3. Using the mole ratio, calculate the moles of substance yielded by the
reaction. The mole ratio is 1:2 (1 mol N2 and 1 mol 2 mol NH3 )

So, 3.00 mol NH3 x 1 mol N2 = 1.5 mol N2 From the balance equation:
2 mol NH3
1N2 + 3H2 2NH3.

That number is the given

in the problem.

STEP 4. Convert moles of wanted substance to desired units.

Since the unit required is mole, the final answer is 1.5 mol N 2.
To further compute related problems other than mole-to-mole calculation. You may
refer to the figures below. Just analyze the problem and find out which among the
processes is applicable.
MASS-TO-MOLE CALCULATION

Mass A Mole A Mole B

Mole A Mole B Mole Ratio
Molar Mass A Mole A
Figure 2. The simplified steps for mass-to-mole calculations based on the stoichiometric
relation between known substance and unknown substance. (Reference: Chemistry by
Espańa and Apostol)
MOLE-TO-MASS CALCULATION
Mole A Mole B Mass B
Mole B Molar Mass B
Mole A Mole B
Figure 3. The simplified steps for mole-to-mass calculations based on the stoichiometric
relation between known substance and unknown substance. (Reference: Chemistry by
Espańa and Apostol)

MASS-TO-MASS CALCULATION
Mass A Mole A Mole B Mass B
Mole A Mole B Molar Mass B
Molar Mass A Mole A Mole B

Figure 4. The simplified steps for mass-to-mass calculations based on the stoichiometric
relation between known substance and unknown substance. (Reference: Chemistry by
Espańa and Apostol)

EXPLORE

DIRECTIONS: Let’s go back with the problem given in the pre-test. Read and
understand the problem. Follow the four simple steps in calculating the
stoichiometric problems as shown under the Discover.
Problem #2. Propane (C3H8) reacts with Oxygen gas to form Carbon Dioxide and
water.
A. If 2.8 moles of Propane reacts with excess Oxygen gas how many grams of CO2
will be formed?
B. How many grams of Oxygen gas will completely react with 3.8 moles of
Propane?
C. If 25 g of C3H8 reacts with excess Oxygen, how many moles of water will be
formed?
D. If 38 g of water are produced in the reaction, how many moles of CO2 were
produced?
 .EXERCISE 1: MOLE-TO MASS CALCULATION
Guide Question #1: What is the correct chemical equation of problem #2?
You may try answering by covering the given answer first, then compare your
answer if you got it right!

Answer: C3H8 + O2 CO2 + H2O

Guide Question #2: Is the equation balanced?
Answer: No (If the answer is YES, proceed to the next step. But if the answer is
NO, there is a need to balance the equation before proceeding to the next step.)
Balancing the equation:
1 C 3 H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O
They are the coefficients. They
show the mole ratios.

Going back to problem #2-A.

A. If 2.8 moles of Propane reacts with excess Oxygen gas how many grams of CO 2
will be formed?

ANSWER
Given: 2.8 moles of Propane
Unknown or required: Grams of CO2
What process is applicable? Mole-to-gram
Therefore, we choose to follow this process.

A. 2.8 mol C3H8 x 3 mol CO2 x 44 g

= 369.6 g CO2 will be formed
1 1 mol C3H8 1 mol CO2 formedformed
How to solve for the molar mass of B, the CO2? Note: Refer to the Periodic
Table for the atomic mass
CO2: C = 12 x1 = 12
or molar mass.
O = 16 x 2= 32

44 g/mol

This time, try to solve the problem below following the previous example.
How many grams of Oxygen gas will completely react with 3.8 moles of Propane?
(Show your solution).

Note: If your answer is 608 g, then you are CORRECT! You can move to the next
problem.

EXERCISE 2: MASS-TO MOLE CALCULATION

Directions: Complete the process, then solve.
B. If 25 g of C3H8 reacts with excess Oxygen, how many moles of water will be
formed?

Given: 25 g C3H8
Required: moles of water
Solution:
1 C3H8 + 5O2 3CO2 + 4H2O (Balanced Equation)
Process: Mass A Mole A Mole B
1 mole C3H8
25g C3H8 = x ? = 2.27 moles H2O
? 1 mole C 3H8

Molar mass of C3H8:

C = 3 x ____ = _____

H = 8 x ______ = _____

Molar Mass:
 EXERCISE 3: MASS-TO MASS CALCULATION
DIRECTIONS: This time, try to follow the process of calculating what is the
required until you can get the CORRECT answer.
Mass A Mole A Mole B Mass B
Mole A Mole B Molar Mass B
Molar Mass A Mole A Mole B
Propane (C3H8) reacts with Oxygen gas to form Carbon Dioxide and water.
C. If 38 g of water are produced in the reaction, how many moles of CO2 were
produced?
Write the Correct Equation:
Balance the Equation:
Then solve, following the stoichiometric process and the use of the stoichiometric
map.

EXERCISE 4:
Stoichiometry in Solution
DIRECTIONS: Show your solution to the given problem below following the
same steps as what was given in the examples above.
Problem #3. For the reaction of 3Na2CO3 (aq) + 2AlCl2 (aq) Al2 (CO3) (s) + 6NaCl
(aq) what volume of 1.2 M Na2CO3 is needed to react with 5.0 L of 0.30 M AlCl3?
3Na2CO3 (aq) + 2AlCl3 (aq) Al2 (CO3)3 (s) + 6NaCl (aq) (Is the equation balanced?)

Try to solve the problem by not looking at the given answer yet. You may cover the
answer and work independently, to find out if you can already follow the steps.
After answering, you can compare your answer to the correct answer below to
assess your own self as to how you understand the lesson.

Note: Start with the specific amount of something.

5.0 L AlCl3 (aq) x x ? x 1L = ? L Na2CO3 (aq)

1L ? ?
Compare your answer to the correct answer below.
5.0 L AlCl3 (aq) x 0.30 mol AlCl3 x 3Na2CO3 x 1L = 1.875 L Na2CO3 (aq)
1 L AlCl3 2 Al Cl3 1.2 Na2CO3
Problem # 4. Let’s go back with the problem given in the pretest. What volume of a
.35M AgNO3 is required to completely react with 55 mL of a 0.24M NaCl solution?
Take note: 55 mL is the given, Molality is expressed in mol/L. So, what will you do?
Yes, you need to convert! 55 mL to liter. 1 L = 1000 mL
55 mL NaCl x 1 L = 0.055 L NaCl
1000 mL
What are the given?
What is unknown?

Balanced Equation: 1 AgNO3 + 1 NaCl 1 AgCl + 1 NaNO3

You may now proceed with the process. Where will you start? Yes, start at the specific
amount which is, 0.24M NaCl.
.24 mol NaCl x ? L x ? mol AgNO3 x 1L = ? L AgNO3
L 1 ? mol NaCl ? mol AgNO3

What is the mole ratio? Look at the coefficients

Compare your answer with the correct answer below: Did you get the correct answer?
.24 mol NaCl x 0.055 L x 1 mol AgNO3 x 1L = 0.0377 L AgNO3
L 1 1 mol NaCl 0.35 mol AgNO3

Very good! Try to do the next exercise alone to check what you gained. Take note,
you can always go back and review the process until you get the correct answer.
Are you ready? Just enjoy!
 DEEPEN

PROBLEMS ON REACTION STOICHIOMETRY IN SOLUTION

To further solve stoichiometric problems in solution, you may use this
concept map as a guide.

Figure 5. Concept map on the summary of stoichiometry calculation strategy.

Source: https://justonly.com/chemistry/chem201/students/worksheets/15-
6SolnStoichiometry.pdf

Let’s try to answer these problems! Use a separate sheet in calculating the answer.
Problem #5. How many grams of solid calcium hydroxide, Ca (OH)2 are required to
react with 350 mL of 0.40 mole HCl?
Balance the equation: ___Ca(OH)2 + ___HCl ___CaCl2 + ___H2O
Convert mL to L : 350 mL HCl x 1L = 0.350 L HCl
1 1000 mL
Write the “given” and “unknown” units:
350 L x x x = g Ca(OH)2
Fill in factors and solve:
.350 L HCl x ? x ? x ? = ?
1 L HCl 2mol HCl ?
Problem # 6. If you dissolve lead (II) nitrate and potassium iodide in water they will
react to form lead (II) iodide and potassium nitrate.
A. Write the equation for this reaction, then balance the equation.
B. Calculate the grams of lead(II) iodide that can be produced from 5.00 moles of
potassium iodide.
C. Calculate the grams of lead (II) iodide that can be reproduced from 75.00
grams of potassium iodide
 CONGRATULATIONS for doing the exercises well!!! Let’s check how much you
gained from the different activities you’ve done, by answering the questions on the
next page. Good luck and give your best!

GAUGE

Directions: Perform the stoichiometric calculations of the following problems in a

separate sheet. The rubrics in giving points are as follows: (5 points each number) 1
point for the given/required, 2 points for the solution, and 2 points for the correct
answer).
1. How many moles of KCl will be formed from 2.73 moles of KClO3?
2. How many moles H2O are needed to produce 55.7 moles of H2?
3. How many grams of calcium hydroxide will be needed to completely react with
29.5 g of sodium phosphate?
4. How many milliliters of 1.5 M nitric acid is required to react with 100 g of
cuprous oxide?

Wow! You have already finished the learning material successfully!!!

CONGRATULATIONS for giving your best! And doing the activities/exercises of
the given Learning Material correctly and enjoyably!
REFERENCES
 ANSWER KEY

NOTE: Answers may vary depending on the teacher’s preference on the use of decimal
places and/or rounding off answers.
REFERENCES
Printed Materials:
Brown, Theodore L. Chemistry the Cental Science. (Person Education Asia. Pte.
Ltd, 2002).

Caiquet, Rolando I. et.al. Chemistry III. (Sampaloc, Manila. St. Augustine

Publications, Inc., 2005).
Dorin, Henry (1982). Chemistry the Study of Matter. (Newton, Massachusetts.
CEBCO, A Division of Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1982).
Mapa, Amelia P. et. al. Chemistry Textbook Science and Technology. (Sta. Mesa
Heights Quezon City: SD Publications, Inc., 2001).

MELC
White, W. M. Encyclopedia of Geochemistry 2018 edition.
Zumdhal Steven S. and Zumdhal, Susan A. Chemistry an Atoms First Approach
International Edition.Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning, 2012.

Website:
https://www.sparknotes.com/chemistry/stoichiometry/stoichiometriccalculations
/section2/
www.sparknotes.com
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=rPND65LPwS0
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/solution-stoichiometry/
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Map%3A_Introd
uctory_Chemistry_(Tro)/13%3A_Solutions/13.08%3A_Solution_Stoichiometry
https://justonly.com/chemistry/chem201/students/worksheets/15-
6SolnStoichiometry.pdf
https://www.saddleback.edu/faculty/jzoval/worksheets_tutorials/ch6_worksheets
/stoichiometry_1_worksheet_and_key.pdf
web.gccaz.edu.wkstStoich.pdf
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=NXWUgDIzApg
https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/stoichiometry.html
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Ab3wfKjaWWQ
www.saddleback.edu
https://www.chemedx.org/sites/www.chemedx.org/files/worksheet-1-
stoichiometry-
workedsolutions.pdfhttps://www.cerritos.edu/chemistry/_includes/docs/chem_11
0/Worksheets_answers/110%20WS%20Solution%20Stoichiometry%20Key.pdf