POINTERS TO REVIEW IN ORAL COM

SPEECH ACTS- it relates to actions done by saying them.

Illocutionary act and locutionary acts speech are done by saying them. It is a term coined by
John Austin in his book How to do things with words.

LOCUTIONARY ACT- the speaking part of the speech

ILLOCUTIONARY ACT- acting part - the very action done by saying something.

 Constantive- making something true (or false) by saying it.

This is done by someone in authority or position to do so, such as judges, policeman,
president or anyone in a position make something true by saying it.
 Performative- doing something by just saying it.

JOHN SEARLE’S CATEGORIES OF ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS

Assertives, directives, commissives, expressives and declaratives.
 Assertives- commit the speaker trough the truthfulness of a condition or a situation
such as when he concludes, deduces or swears that something is true.
 Directives- attempts by the speaker to make the listener do something. This includes
when a speaker commands, requests, begs, invites, pleads, and insists that the listener
should do something.
 Commissives- commit the speaker to a future action such as when a speaker
guarantees, pledges, swears, assures or promises to do something.
 Declaratives- make something true by saying it (constantive) or make the speaker do
something by saying it (performative).
 Expressives- show a speaker’s attitude toward a situation.

PERLOCUTIONARY ACTS- response to an illocutionary act.

ILLOCUTIONARY FORCE- refers to the Intent of speaker when he/she says something.

PERLOCUTIONARY FORCE- refers to the effect of the speaker’s utterance on the listener.

SPEECH CONTEXT- depends on the number.

SPEECH STYLE- It involves the way participants communicate including pronunciation, word
choice, grammar and other characteristics of speech. It can also be intimate, casual,
consultative, formal and frozen.

INTIMATE- used between two people who may have close relationship.
CASUAL- a conversational style used among friends.

CONSULTATIVE- a conversational style in which the speaker constantly observes the

listeners verbal and nonverbal cues for feedback.

FORMAL- called upon when speaking in formal setting no matter how the participants are
related to each other.

FROZEN- is a very formal style not really intended to give a particular message but to allow a
reader to find many meanings for oneself.

INTRAPERSONAL- Involves talking to oneself. This is the context in which verbal and
nonverbal communication should be minimized

 No Verbal Behavior
 No NonVerbal Behavior

INTERPERSONAL- speaking in dyads, requires decreasing the nature of some verbal and
nonverbal elements of communication .

 Decrease Verbal Behavior

 Adjust NonVerbal Behavior
 Emphasize Eye Contact
 Maintain Good Posture
 Emply Appropriate Facial Expressions

PUBLIC- there is more considerable distance between the speaker and his/her listener than
in dyads or small group discussions.

 Exaggerate Verbal Behavior

 Exaggerate Gestures
 Strive to Make Eye Contact
 Exaggerate Facial Expressions
 Use Good Proxemics
 Special Case: Public Broadcasting

INTERCULTURAL- requires a lot of caution.

 Beware of Wrong Connotations

 Understand the Proper way of Speaking