CHAPTER III: Communicative
Competence Strategies in Various Speech
Situations
TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT
Intrapersonal
- It refers to the communication with one’s
self.
- Example: You spent the night thinking
and analyzing why a student from the
other class talked to you on the way home
and you decided it probably meant
nothing.
Interpersonal
- This refers to communication between and
among people and establishes personal
relationship between and among them.
- Example: You offered feedback on the
speech performance of your classmate.
You provided comfort to a friend who was
feeling down.
Public
- This type refers to communication that
requires you to deliver or send the
message before or in front of a group.
- Example: You deliver a graduation speech
to your batch. You participate in a
declaration, oratorical, or debate contest
watched by a number of people.
Mass communication
- This refers to communication that takes
place through television, radio,
newspapers, magazines,books, internet,
and other types of media.
- Example: You are a student journalist
articulating you stand on current issues
through the school’s newspaper.
TYPES OF SPEECH STYLE
Frozen style
- Used generally in very formal setting.
Most formal communicative style for
respectful situation does not require any
feedback from the audience usually uses
long sentences with good grammar and
vocabulary the use of language is fixed
and relatively static.
- Examples: national pledge, anthem, school
creeds, marriage ceremonies, speech for a
state ceremony
Formal style
- Used in speaking to medium to large
groups may also be used in single hearers-
strangers, older persons, professional
speaker must frame whole sentences ahead
before they are delivered avoids using
slang terminologies language is
comparatively rigid and has a set, agreed
upon vocabulary that is well documented;
is often of a standard variety.
- Examples: meetings, speeches, school
lessons, court, a corporate meeting, at a
swearing in ceremony, in an interview or
in a classroom
Consultative style
- used in semi-formal communication
happens in two-way participation most
operational among other styles. Speaker
does not usually plan what he wants to say
sentences end to be shorter and
spontaneous.
- Examples: regular conversation at schools,
companies, group discussion, teacher-
student, doctor-patient, expert-apprentice
Casual style
- Language used between friends often very
relaxed and focused on just getting the
information out slangs are quite often used
in these instances This style is used in
informal situations and language
Relationship between speaker and hearer
is closed.
- Examples: casual conversations with
friends, family members, chats, phone
calls and messages
Intimate style
- completely private language used within
family of very close friends or group uses
personal language codes grammar is
unnecessary does not need complete
language certain terms of endearment,
slangs or expressions whose meaning is
shared with a small subset of persons to
person.
SPEECH ACTS
Speech acts
- refer to the moments in which statements
occur in the communicative act within a
given context.
- are group of utterances with a single
interactional function.
Locution
- Physical utterance by the speaker
Illocution
- The intended meaning of the utterance by
the speaker (performative)
Perlocution
1
 - the action that results from the locution.
Levels of action Locutionary act:
- is the basic act of utterance, or producing a
meaningful linguistic expressions.
Performing an act of saying something.
- Depending on the circumstances, do any
one of several different things, so we can
use a sentence with a given locutionary
content in a variety of ways.
- Austin defines it “as belonging to a certain
vocabulary…and as conforming to a
certain grammar, with a certain more or
less definite sense and reference”
Ilocutionary act:
- are the real actions which are performed
by the utterance. We form an utterance
with some kind of function in mind. This
communicative force of an utterance is
known as illocutionary force. Performing
an act in saying something Levels of
Action
- Types of ilocutionary Acts Constatives:
affirming, announcing, answering,
confirming
“We find the defendant guilty”
Directives: advising, asking, forbidding, ordering,
permitting
Commissive: agreeing, inviting, offering,
promising, I promise to call you tonight”
Acknowledgments: apologizing, congratulating,
thanking.
Perlocutionary act:
- are the effects of the utterance on the
listener. Reveals the effect the speaker
wants to exercise over the hearer. This is
also known as the perlocutionary effect
performing an act by saying something
Would you close the door, please?
- Example A bartender utters the words,
“The bar will be closed in five minutes, “
The locutionary act of saying that the bar
will be closed in five minutes , where what
is said is reported by indirect quotation.
The illocutionary act in saying this, the
bartender is informing the patrons of the
bar’s imminent closing and perhaps also
the act of urging them to order a last drink.
The bartender intends to be performing the
perlocutionary acts of causing the patrons
to believe that the bar is about to close and
of getting them to order one last drink.
TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGY
Nomination
- collaboratively and productively establish
a topic
Restriction
- limitation you may have as a speaker
Turn-taking
- process by which people decide who takes
the conversational floor
Topic control
- covers how procedural formality or
informality affects the development of
topic in conversations
Topic shifting
- involves moving from one topic to another
Repair
- refers to how speakers address the
problems in speaking, listening and
comprehending that they may encounter in
a conversation
Termination
- refers to the conversation participants’
close-initiating expressions that end a
topic in a conversation
CHAPTER IV: Types of speech
PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH WRITING
- Choosing the Topic
- Analyzing the Audience
- Sourcing the Information
- Outlining and Organizing the Speech
Contents
PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH DELIVERY
Content standard
2
 - The learner realizes the rigors of crafting
one’s speech.

Performance standard
- The learner proficiently delivers various
speeches using the principles of effective
speech delivery

PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE SPEECH

WRITING FOCUSING ON:

- Audience profile
- Logical organization
- Duration
- Word choice
- Grammatical correctness

PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE SPEECH

DELIVERY FOCUSING ON:

- Articulation
- Modulation
- Stage Presence
- Facial Expressions, Gestures and
Movements
- Rapport with the audience

PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH DELIVERY

Reading from a manuscript

- Planned and rehearsed
- Reading aloud a written message
- Speaking with advanced preparation

Memorized Speech
- Speaking with advanced preparation
- Planned and rehearsed speech
- Reciting a written message word-for-word
from memory

Impromptu Speech
- Speaking without advanced preparation
- Unrehearsed speech
- Spoken conversationally

Extemporaneous
- Speech Speaking with limited preparation
- Guided by notes or outline
- Delivered conversationally
- Most popular type