1/7/24, 11:06 AM Concrete Corbel Design to ACI 318-14 — Structural Calc

Reinforced Concrete, Web Calculations

Concrete Corbel Design to ACI 318-14

Online calculation tool to design reinforced concrete
corbel in Metric or US units
January 1, 2021 by CCStruct

      

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1/7/24, 11:06 AM Concrete Corbel Design to ACI 318-14 — Structural Calc

Input:
SI Metric Units US Customary Units

GEOMETRY
Corbel width (mm), b:

Total depth (mm), h:

Effective depth (mm), d:

MATERIALS
Concrete strength (MPa), f'c:

Normal weight Lightweight

Steel yield strength (MPa), fy:

LOADING
Vertical force (kN), Vu:

Distance of Vu from column (mm), a:

Horizontal force (kN), Nu:

Ignore minimum Nu=0.2Vu

Concrete corbel placement:

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Monolithic

Against concrete intentionally roughened

Against concrete NOT intentionally roughened

Against structural steel with headed

studs or welded rebars

Result:

Reinforcement Summary:
As = 0.00 mm2, main
Ah = 0.00 mm2, horizontal

Checks:
a/d = 0.00 ≤ 1.0
Nu = 0.00 kN ≤ Vu
Vu shall not exceed of smallest of:
φ 0.2 f'c (bw) d = 0.00 kN
φ (3.3 + 0.08 f'c) bw d = 0.00 kN
φ 11 (bw) d = 0.00 kN

Vu = 0.00 kN
ε = 0.00000 < 0.004 [R1]

Governing values:
φ = 0.75, strength reduction factor
λ = 1.00, concrete weight factor
μ = 1.4 λ = 1.40, friction coefficient
β1 = 0.00, concrete stress block factor
Nu = 0.00 kN, design axial force
fy = 0.00 MPa (flexure & tension)
fyv = 0.00 MPa (shear friction)

Reinforcement computation:
Axial Reinforcement
An = Nu/(φfy)
An = 0.00 mm2
Shear Friction Reinforcement
Avf = Vu/(φμfyv)
Avf = 0.00 mm2 

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Flexure Reinforcement [R2]

Mu = Vu(a) + Nu(h-d)
Mu = 0.00 kN-m
Af = 0.00 mm2
Required Main Reinforcement
As shall be the largest of:
Af + An = 0.00 mm 2
(2/3) Avf + An = 0.00 mm 2
0.04(f'c/fy)bw d = 0.00 mm 2

As = 0.00 mm2
Required Horizontal Reinforcement
Ah = 0.5 (As - An)
Ah = 0.00 mm2

Background:

Description
A corbel is a short cantilever projecting out from a column, a wall, or the side of
a beam. A corbel is designed to support another member, usually a beam or
girder, but may also be used to support a slab. ACI 318 restricts the term
“corbel” to a member having span-to-depth ratio which is less than or equal to
1.0. Corbels are widely used in precast concrete construction.

This technical background discusses the requirements for the design of a

reinforced concrete corbel in both metric version ACI 318M-14 and the US
customary unit version ACI 318-14 of the code. Formulas and terms are
primarily expressed in metric units with the equivalent US unit enclosed in
square brackets [ ]. The online calculator allows the engineer to select the
desired unit.

Geometric Requirements
Chapter 16.5 of the ACI code specifies the provisions for the design of brackets
and corbels. Corbels are commonly trapezoidal-shaped but may also be
rectangular. For trapezoidal-shaped corbels, the outer depth at the edge of the
corbel should have minimum dimension of 0.5 x (effective depth) as depicted in
the cover image. The span-to-depth ratio a/d should not exceed 1.0. This is the 
limit of the tests that were conducted in the formulation of equations.
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Loading Limitations
For normal-weight concrete, according to Section 16.5.2.4, the nominal vertical
load Vu/φ should not exceed the smallest of:

0.2f’cbwd [ 0.2f’cbwd ]
(3.3 + 0.08f’c)bwd [ (480 + 0.08f’c)bwd ]
11bw d [ 1600bwd ]

For light-weight concrete, according to Section 16.5.2.5, Vu/φ should not exceed
the smallest of:

(0.2 – 0.07a/d)f’cbwd [ (0.2 – 0.07a/d)f’cbwd ]

(5.5 – 1.9a/d)bwd [ (800 – 280a/d)bwd ]

For convenience in the online calculation, the terms above are multiplied by the
strength reduction factor φ and compared directly with Vu. The strength
reduction factor φ is taken as 0.75 as per Table 21.2.1(f) applicable for brackets
and corbels. The reduction factor of 0.75 is used for flexure, axial, and shear-
friction strength evaluation.

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Excerpt from ACI 318-14 Table 21.2.1

Strength Reduction Factors

In addition, the following load limitations should be checked:

Maximum horizontal force: Nu ≤ Vu — Section 16.5.1.1

Minimum horizontal force: Nu ≥ 0.2Vu — Section 16.5.3.5

The minimum horizontal force may be ignored if there are other means to
prevent the tensile forces from being transferred into the corbel, such as
providing horizontally sliding bearing supports. The online calculator gives the
option to ignore the minimum Nu=0.2Vu, e.g. you may use 0 as input value.

Design Property of Materials

The design strength of reinforcement is capped to maximum value of fy = 550
MPa [80 ksi] for flexure and fyv = 420 MPa [60 ksi] for shear-friction as per Table
20.2.2.4a.

Excerpt from ACI 318M-14 Table 20.2.2.4a

Limit of non-prestressed deformed reinforcement

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Excerpt from ACI 318-14 Table 20.2.2.4a

Limit of non-prestressed deformed reinforcement

Reinforcement Requirements

Axial Tensile Reinforcement

The required reinforcement to resist tension alone is given by Equation 16.5.4.3:

Shear Friction Reinforcement

According to Section 16.5.4.4, shear-friction reinforcement should be determined
from Section 22.9 where Equation 22.9.4.2 is given:

The value of

μ is given by Table 22.9.4.2:

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Excerpt from ACI 318-14 Table 22.9.4.2

Coefficients of Friction

Flexure Reinforcement
The calculation of flexural reinforcement is governed by the basic principles of
flexure where at equilibrium between the compressive force in concrete and the
tensile force in reinforcement, the maximum strain in the extreme concrete fiber is
0.003. At this state, the section achieves its ultimate moment capacity. Section 22.2
of the code describes the assumptions for the analysis of moment capacity of
sections.

These three equations lead to a quadratic equation whose solution yields to the
required flexural reinforcement:

 

Equation to directly calculate the required reinforcement

as a function of Mu, f’c, fy, b and d


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This online corbel calculator checks the level of strain of the reinforcement at
ultimate moment with a section reinforced with area equal to Af. Although it is not
required by the ACI code for corbel design, the author believes it is prudent to limit
the strain due to flexure to 0.004, similar to non-prestressed beams (refer to
Section 9.3.3). It should be noted that the strength reduction factor of 0.75 is used
all throughout the corbel design even though the code requires as small as 0.65
reduction factor when the section is compression-controlled.

By limiting the steel strain to a minimum of 0.004, it is ensured that the reduction
factor never dips below 0.75. The user is referred to Table 21.2.2 for the applicable
reduction factors. However, this calculator does not invalidate the design if the
recommended minimum strain is not achieved. In most likely cases, this does not
govern anyway.

Governing Reinforcement
After calculating the reinforcement required for axial force, shear-friction and
flexure, the main reinforcement is taken as the largest of the following:

Main corbel reinforcement as per Section 16.5.5.1

The horizontal reinforcement is computed as per Section 16.5.5.2:

Detailing
The corbel reinforcement should be detailed in accordance to Section 16.5.6. It
must be ensured that the reinforcement are properly anchored both in front
and at back of the corbel. Refer to some details extracted from ACI 318-14.

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1/7/24, 11:06 AM Concrete Corbel Design to ACI 318-14 — Structural Calc

Excerpt from ACI 318-14 Fig. R16.5.6.3a

Excerpt from ACI 318-14 Fig. R16.5.6.3b

I hope you find this tool useful! Please bookmark this page by pressing CTRL+D.
Comments and suggestions are very much welcome. I tried to make this
calculation tool as accurate as possible but if you find any errors, please don’t
hesitate to contact me at ccstruct@structuralcalc.com.

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rowel pretista a year ago

THANKS...this website really helps for continous learning..

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Wazim (guest) a year ago

Very useful. Thank you very much.

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oldfox (guest) a year ago

Nice article. It helps a lot . Cheers Jose from Montevideo

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Mahnaz 2 years ago

Great help. Thank you. How can I print the results?

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SAMIRA 2 years ago

PERFECT

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Fuad 2 years ago

Well done

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
OSCAR 2 years ago
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1/7/24, 11:06 AM Concrete Corbel Design to ACI 318-14 — Structural Calc

EXCELENTE HERRAMIENTA Y MUY DETALLADO EL ANÁLISIS

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ALBERTO ARIAS 3 years ago

muy bueno

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