STONE MASONRY

BROKEN ASHLAR

PANELING RANDOM COURSED ASHLAR

RANDOM RUBBLE STONE MASONRY COURSED RUBBLE

REGULAR COURSED ASHLAR

STONE MASONRY
 STONE MASONRY
Masonry
● oldest building crafts in the world.

● the art and craft of building and fabricating in stone, clay ,

brick, or concrete block

History
● originated when early man sought to supplement his
valuable but rare natural caves with artificial caves made
from piles of stone way back 10,000 B.C.
STONE CONSTRUCTION
● Paneling -consisting of slabs of stone cut to dimension and

thickness to cover walls and provide a finished exterior.

● Ashlar -work requires the use of cut stones and includes
broken ashlar, random coursed ashlar, regular
coursed ashlar.
● Rubble -works used as random when no attempt is made

to produce either horizontal or vertical course lines.

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Ashlar Works
● Broken ashlar -stones that are rectangular random
with irregular in shape, laid but of different sizes.
● Random coursed ashlar -stones laid out in courses but

are not of uniform sizes.

● Regular coursed ashlar -stones laid out in courses and

are uniform in sizes.

Rubble Works
● Random Rubble -composed of roughly shaped stones

laid without regularity of coursing but well bonded

and fitted together to form well-divided joints.
● Course Rubble -made with broken stones of widely
different sizes and qualities that are laid in level
courses.
Trim Works -stones cut for specific purpose and includes Quoin

Quoin -stones naturally or artificially cut laid at the intersection of the 2 walls.
Course -a layer of the same unit running horizontally in a wall.
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As Jambs -stones which form the sides of windows and door
openings
As Sills -stones which form the bottom of window and door
openings.
As Belts -special stone courses which are built into a wall for a
particular purpose. One reason is to provide architectural relief
to a large wall of one material or to provide a break in the
vertical plane of the wall, another reason is to hide a change
in the wall thickness.
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As Copings -stones which form the sides of windows and
door openings
As Cornices -specially cut stones which are built into and
project from, a masonry wall near the top to provide the
apperance of a cave.
As Lintels -stones which place and bridge the top of door or
window openings.
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As Steps -made to fit over an inclined concrete slab or to
caps steps cast in concrete.
As Arch -cut to form particular type of arch over a window or
opening.
As Flooring -walks and patios, made by covering a base stone
concrete, brick or tile with flagstone. They may be random
flagstone, trimmed flagstone, trimmed rectangular and square.