DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, RANIPUR

CLASS X
SUBJECT – PHYSICS
CHAPTER: MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT 29/06/2020

1. Magnetic substances: A magnetic material is any material that a magnet will attract to itself
when placed near the magnet (or when placed in its field).
Non-magnetic substance: A non-magnetic material is a material that will not experience any
magnetic force when placed near a magnet, in other word; it will not be attracted to the magnet.
Magnet:
A piece of iron or other material which has its component atoms so ordered that the material
exhibits properties of magnetism, such as attracting other iron-containing objects or aligning
itself in an external magnetic field.
OR
A magnet is an object or a device that gives off an
external magnetic field. Basically, it applies a force over a
distance on other magnets, electrical currents, beams of charge,
circuits, or magnetic materials. Magnetism can even be caused
by electrical currents.

2. Hans chriatin Orested : He was the first scientist to found the relationship between electricity
and magnetism.
The unit of magnetic field strength is named Orested in his honour.

3. Properties of a magnet:
(a) Magnets attract objects of iron, cobalt and nickel.
(b) The force of attraction of a magnet is greater at its poles than in the middle.
(c) Like poles of two magnets repel each other.
(d) Opposite poles of two magnets attracts each other.
(e) If a bar magnet is suspended by a thread and if it is free to rotate, its South Pole will move
towards the North Pole of the earth and vice versa.

North pole: it is the end of a freely suspended magnet which points towards north.
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 South pole: it is the end of a freely suspended magnet which points towards south.
A compass needle behaves like a small bar magnet.

4. Magnetic field (B ⃗ ): is the region around a magnet, in which the force of attraction or repulsion
of the magnet can be experienced by a magnetic substance when placed in it.
Magnetic field is a quantity that has both direction and magnitude. It is a vector quantity.
The direction of magnetic field is taken to be the direction in which a north pole of the compass
needle moves in it.
A magnetic object can attract or push away another magnetic object. Magnetic forces are NOT
related to gravity. The amount of gravity is based on an object's mass, while magnetic field
strength is based on the material that the object is made of.
5. Magnetic fields are different from electric fields. Although both types of fields are
interconnected, they do different things. The idea of magnetic field lines and magnetic fields
was first examined by Michael Faraday and later by James Clerk Maxwell. Both of these
English scientists made great discoveries in the field of electromagnetism.

6. To find the direction of magnetic field:

The direction of magnetic field at a point is the direction of resultant force acting on a free
hypothetical N-pole at that point.
The N- end of the needle of a compass indicates the direction of magnetic field at the point it is
placed.

7. Properties of magnetic field:

(a)It is a vector quantity as it has both direction and magnitude.
(b)The field lines always emerge from North Pole and merge at the South Pole.
(c)Inside the magnet, the direction of magnetic field lines is from its south pole to its north
pole. Thus magnetic field lines are closed curve same as electric circuit.
(d)The relative strength of the magnetic field is shown by the degree of closeness of the field
lines.
(e)The magnetic field strength is more at pole than at center of the magnet.

8. Types of magnetic field:

(a) Uniform magnetic field: The magnetic field is uniform if its magnitude and direction are
same at every point in the space. In it magnetic field lines are parallel and equidistant to each
other.

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(b) Non-uniform magnetic field: The magnetic field is non- uniform if its magnitude and
direction are different at every point in the space.

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