PDF Human Rights Law Rene Sarmiento - Compress

BZHKI PCMBTW OK],
BZHKI PCMBTW GZOTZPJ
PJIJ U. WKPHCJITN
Vuòcsbjd & Dcstrcùtjd `y
2:5 Icgkinr Pjyjs, Wr. Wt.

Tjo. Ins. =75-6:-5= • =7:-;7-54
;3== G.H. Pjgtn Kvjiuj
Tjo. Ins. =7:-::-0= • =7:-::-74
Hkicok, Vbcocppcijs
www.rjxpuòcsbcim.gnh.pb c
Vbcocppcij Gnpyrcmbt 06;4 `y
PJIJ U. WKPHCJITN
CW@I 3=2-3=;-07-=
3=2-3=;-07-=427-2
427-2
CTJH GNDJ 2:-GC-666=7-K
In pnrtcni ne tbcs `nna hky `j gnpcjd nr rjprndugjd ci

`nnas, pkhpbojts, nutocijs nr intjs, wbjtbjr prcitjd,
hchjnmrkpbjd, typjwrcttji, gnpcjd ci dceejrjit jojgtrnicg
djvc
dj vcgj
gjss nr ci ki
kiyy nt
ntbj
bjrr en
enrh
rh,, en
enrr dc
dcst
strc
rcù
ùtc
tcni
ni nr skskoj
oj,,
wctbnut tbj wrcttji pjrhcs cssscni ne tbj kutb tbnnrcz
czjjd
rjprj
rjprjsji
sjitkt
tktcvj
cvj ne tb
tbjj pu
puòòcsb
csbjr
jr jxjxgj
gjpt
pt `r
`rcje
cje pk
pkssk
sskmj
mjss ci
`nnas, krtcgojs, rjvcjws, ojmko pkpjrs, kid ludcgcko nr ntbjr
neec gcko prngjjdcims wctb prnpjr gctktcni.
Kiy gnpy ne
ne tbcs `nna wctbnut
wctbnut tbj gnrrjspnidcim
gnrrjspnidcim iuh`jr
iuh`jr
kid tbj kutb
kutbnrcz
nrczjd
jd scmik
scmikturj
turj ne tbj kutb
kutbnr
nr ni tbcs
tbcs pkmj
pkmj
jctb
jctbjr
jr pr
prng
ngjj
jjds
ds er
ernh
nh ki co
cooj
ojmc
mctc
tchk
hktj
tj sn
snur
urgj
gj nr cs ci
pnssjsscni ne nij wbn bks in kutbnrcty tn dcspnsj ne tbj
skhj.
KOO PCMBTW
PCMBTW PJWJPUJD
@S TBJ KZTBNP
In. ^^^^^^^^^^^^
Vrcitjd `y
Typnmrkpby & Grjktcvj Octbnmrkpby

24 V. Eonrjitcin Wt., [ujzni Gcty
Tjo. In. 2:=-==-==cc
Ð (73) In erjj hki sbkoo `j sjczjd nr chprcsnijd, nr strcppjd ne bcs
rcmbts nr pnssjsscnis, nr nutokwjd nr jxcojd, nr djprcvjd ne bcs stkidcim ci
kiy ntbjr wky, inr wcoo wj prngjjd wctb enrgj kmkcist bch, nr sjid ntbjrs tn
dn sn, jxgjpt `y tbj okweuo ludmhjit ne bcs jqukos nr `y tbj okw ne tbj
okid.×
Hkmik Gkrtk, ;0;:
Ð 3Ce ynu dn kwky wctb tbj ynaj ne npprjsscni, wctb tbj pncitcim ecimjr
kid hkocgcnus tkoa, ;6kid ce ynu spjid ynursjovjs ci `jbkoe ne tbj buimry kid
sktcsey tbj ijjds ne tbj npprjssjd, tbji ynur ocmbt wcoo rcsj ci tbj dkraijss,
kid ynur icmbt wcoo `jgnhj ocaj tbj innidky.×
Cskckb :2<3-;6
ccc
cv
CITPNDZGTCNI
Buhki Pcmbts Okw cs tbj `rkigb ne puòcg okw tbkt djkos wctb tbj `ndy
ne okws, ruojs, prngjdurjs, kid cistctutcnis djscmijd tn rjspjgt, prnhntj, kid
prntjgt buhki
buhki rcmbts kt
kt tbj iktcniko, rjmcniko,
rjmcniko, kid citjriktcnik
citjriktcnikoo ojvjos.
Tbj cigouscni ne buhki rcmbts okw ci tbj gurrcguouh ne koo okw sgbnnos
ci tb
tbjj gnuitrtryy cs nij djdjvvjon
onpphj
hjit
it wnrnrtb
tb rjln
lncg
cgci
cimm. Ct sc
scmmikos tb
tbjj
hkcistrjkhcim citn tbj study ne okw nij su`ljgt tbkt bks, tbrnumb sn hkiy
djgkdjs, uidjrmnij rkpcd mrnwtb kid bks kgqucrjd cts nwi dyikhcg. Ernh
tbj tchj ct ecr
ecrst
st kp
kppj
pjkrj
krjdd ni tbj ci citjr
tjrikt
iktcni
cniko
ko km
kmji
jidk
dk wbj
wbjii tb
tbjj Zi
Zictj
ctjdd
Iktcnis Gbkrtjr djgokrj
djgokrjdd ci cts prjkhòj tbkt tbj Zictjd Iktcnis cs
djtjrhcijdd ‟tn rjkeecrh ekctb ci euidkhjitko buhki rcmbts, ci tbj dcmicty kid
djtjrhcij
wnrtb ne tbj buhki pjrsni, ci tbj jquko rcmbts ne hji kid wnhji kid ne
iktcnis okrmj kid shkoo× kid Ð tn prnhntj sngcko prnmrkhs kid `jttjr
stkidkrds ne ocej ci okrmjr erjjdnh,× buhki rcmbts okw bks `jgnhj ki
chpnrtkit gnhpnijit ne dcsgnursjs kid dj`ktjs kt tbj iktcniko kid mon`ko
krjiks, ki cispcrktcniko tnno kid hnrko enrgj ci sgbnnos, ci pjkgj prngjssjs
kid ci sngcko upbjkvkos kid bks wnrhjd cts wky ci dnhjstcg, rjmcniko kid
citjriktcniko ojmko systjhs kid ci pjkgj kmrjjhjits. Enr cistkigj, Krtcgoj CC,
Wjgtcni ;; ne Tbj ;32= Gnistctutcni ne tbj Vbcocppcijs prnvcdjs tbkt tbj Ð
Wtktj vkoujs tbj dcmicty ne jvjry buhki pjrsni kid mukrkitjjs euoo rjspjgt
enr buhki rcmbts.× Krtcgoj ; ne Tbj ;330 Gnistctutcni ne Gzjgb Pjpuòcg
stktjs tbkt tbj ‟Gzjgb Pjpuòcg cs k snvjrjcmi, uicecjd, kid djhngrktcg okw-
k`cdcim Wtktj, `ksjd ni tbj rjspjgt enr tbj rcmbts kid erjjdnhs ne tbj
cidcvcduko kid gctczji.×
Tbj `kscg snurgj ne buhki rcmbts cs tbj ;342 Zicvjrsko Djgokrktcni ne
Buhk
Bu hkii Pc Pcmb
mbts
ts tb
tbkt
kt bk
bkss pr
prne
nenu
nuid
idoy
oy sb
sbkp
kpjd
jd ki
kidd cicieo
eouj
ujig
igjd
jd onongk
gkoo ki
kidd
citjr
citjrik
iktcn
tcnik
ikoo oki
okidsg
dsgkp
kpjs.
js. Ni
Nijj Eco
Ecocpc
cpcin
in wbwbnn ecm
ecmurj
urjdd pr
prnhc
nhcij
ijito
itoyy ci tbj
drke
dr ketc
tcim
im ne tb tbcs
cs Dj
Djgo
gokr
krkt
ktcn
cnii wk
wkss Gk
Gkro
rons
ns V. Pn
Pnhuhuon
on wb
wbnn sj
sjrv
rvjd
jd ks tbtbjj
Vrjscdjit ne tbj Enurtb Wjsscni ne ZI Mjijrko Kssjhòy ernh ;343-;3:6.
Kutbnr Hnrscia cs gnrrjgt tbkt tbjrj cs tndky Ð int k scimoj iktcni guoturj nr
pjnpoj tbkt
tbkt cs int ci nij wky
wky
nr kintbjr jihjsbjd ci buhki rcmbts rjmchjs× (Hnrscia, ;333, p. :).
Hky tbc
Hky bcss `nna sj sjrrvj ks k ususjjeu
euoo st
stnnrjbn
bnuusj ne bu buh
hki rcrcmmbts
cienrhktcni kid ks ki jignurkmcim cistruhjit tn jqucp okw studjits kid
okwyjrs, wnrajrs ci mnvjrihjit kid ini-mnvjrihjit sjgtnrs, kdvngktjs kid
sngc
sngcko
ko ji
jitr
trjp
jprj
rjij
ijur
urss ki ui uidj
djrs
rstk
tkid
idci
cimm ne bubuhkhkii rc
rcmb
mbts
ts,, ci
citj
tjri
rikt
ktcn
cnik
ikoo
cistruhj
cistruhjits,
its, kpp
kpprnkg
rnkgbjs,
bjs, rjhj
rjhjdcjs
dcjs kid prj
prjvjit
vjitcvj
cvj hjgb
hjgbkics
kicshs
hs kchj
kchjdd kt
kddrjsscim buhki rcmbts vcnoktcnis kid buhki rcmbts kùsjs. Kid hky tbcs
`nna gnitrcùtj ci usbjrcim k Ð buhki rcmbts sprcim× ci tbj Vbcocppcijs kid
vkrcnus pkrts ne tbj mon`j.
PJIJ U. WKPHCJITN
v
ENPJ]NPD
C ecrst hjt Pjij Wkrhcjitn wbji C ojd k tjkgbjrs– uicni ci Lnsj Pczko
Gnoojmj ci tbj jkroy jcmbtcjs durcim hkrtcko okw. Tbj oktj Wjiktnr Lnsj
Dcnain, wbnh wj koo enidoy gkoojd Ak Vjpj, nrmkiczjd tbj Erjj Ojmko
Ksscstkigj Mrnup (EOKM) wbjrj Pjij `jgkhj ki kgtcvj hjh`jr ks k
buhki rcmbts okwyjr. Ak Vjpj bjopjd hj nrmkiczj tbj uicni `y jxpokcicim tn
tb
tbj
j hj
hjh`h`jr
chpnrtkigj jrs,
s, kgn
ne gnhp
hpnsnsjd
jdgnoojgtcvj
uicecjd, ne tj
tjkg
kgbj
bjrs
rs cienrhjd
kid kidd in
ki ini-
i-tj
tjkg
kgbc
bcim
vncgj im
enr pj
pjrs
rsni
niijijo,
djejidcim o, kid
tbjj
tb
prnhntcim tjkgbjr
tjkgbjrs–s– rcmbts. ]bji tbj sgbnno rjeusjd tn mcvj ci tn nur
djhkids, EOKM ksscmijd Pjij tn `j nur ojmko gnuisjo wbji wj ecikooy
wkmjd nur strcaj. Bj stnnd `y us ci tbj tbcga ne tbj strcaj kid C ojkrijd ci
prkgtcgkoo strummoj bnw tn djejid buhki
prkgtcgk buhki rcmbts kt tbj pcgajt ocijs. Tbnumb wj
onst tbj strcaj ‗‗ tbj vcmcokit strcajrs wjrj koo rjhnvjd ernh neecgj ‗‗ tbj
sgbnn
sg bnnoo gk
gkhj
hj tn ch chprn
prnvj
vj cts pn
pnocg
ocgcjs
cjs ci wk
wkmj
mjs,
s, wn
wnrac
racim
im gn
gnid
idctcn
ctcnis
is ki
kidd
sjgurcty ne tjiurj enr `ntb tjkgbjrs kid ini-tjkgbcim pjrsniijo.
Hy sjgnid jignuitjr wctb Pjij wks wbji bj wks gbnsji ks nij ne tbj
erkhjrs ne tbj ;32= Gnistctutcni. @jgkusj wj wjrj sn hugb k pkrt ne tbj
pjnpoj–s hnvjhji
hnvjhjitt tbkt enumbt tbj dcgtktnrsb
dcgtktnrsbcp,
cp, tbj strjjt pkrockhji
pkrockhjitkrckis
tkrckis
wbn wjrj gbnsji tn wrctj tbj Gbkrtjr gnitciujd tbjcr tcjs wctb tbnsj ne us
wbn bkd nur wnra ci gnhhuictcjs, ekgtnrcjs kid sgbnnos, nrmkiczcim kid
hn`coczcim vkrcnus sjgtnrs ne tbj gnhhuicty ci djejidcim kid prnhntcim nur
spjgce
spjgcecg
cg rcm
rcmbts
bts ks tjk
tjkgb
gbjr
jr,, stu
studj
djit,
it, okw
okwyj
yjr,
r, gb
gburg
urgbb wn
wnraj
rajr,
r, ek
ekrhj
rhjr,
r, ki
kidd
ùscijsshki.
ùscijsshk i. Ks k hjh`jr ne tbj Gnistctutcni
Gnistctutcniko
ko Gnhhcsscni, Pjij wks
khnim tbj hnrj kgtcvj buhki rcmbts okwyjrs wbn tnugbjd `ksj wctb us kid
gnisuotjd us netji wbcoj djoc`jrktcnis wjrj nimncim ci tbj erkhcim ne tbj
pnst-Hkrgnss gbkrtjr.
pnst-Hkrgn
Tbj `nna ni Ð Buhki Pcmbts Okw, Buhki Pcmbts Guoturj× puts ni
rjgnrd tbj `kscgs ne buhki rcmbts, cts djvjonphjit kid tbj rjhjdcjs tbkt krj
hkdj kvkcokòj wbji sugb rcmbts krj vcnoktjd. Ct rjhcids koo kid suidry Ö Ö
studjits cine
rudchjits sjgnidkry nr tjrtckry
wbkt hkajs buhkiojvjos,
rcmbts.tjkgbjrs, nrdcikry
Ks Ak Vjpj put ctgctczjis Ö Ö tbj
suggcigtoy,
jilnyhjit ne buhki rcmbts cs wbkt hkajs k pjrsni buhki. Tbj okws ni
buhki rcmbts hust tbjrjenrj `j euooy jienrgjd ci nrdjr tn jisurj tbkt buhki
`jcims `ntb cidcvcdukooy kid gnoojgtcvjoy krj kòj tn rjkoczj tbjcr sjoe-wnrtb
kid buhkicty.
Kt k tchj wbji hcojstnij okws ni buhki rcmbts bkvj `jji pkssjd, sugb
ks tbj okw ni tbj rjpkrktcni kid rjgnmictcni ne vcgtchs ne hkrtcko okw, tbj
okw kmkcist tnrturj, tbj okw grchcikoczcim jienrgjd
jienrgjd dcskppjkrkigj,
dcskppjkrkigj, tbj okw ni
rjprndugtcvj bjkotb gkrj, tbj hkmik gkrtk ne wnhji kid tbj ocaj, tbcs `nna
ni buhki rcmbts cs k tchjoy rjkdjr tbkt gki bjop tbj nrdcikry Ecocpcin
vc
uidjrstkid bnw bj nr sbj gki ci ekgt jilny tbj `jijects kid jitctojhjits ne
tbjsj ijw pcjgjs ne ojmcsoktcni.
Ci `jbkoe ne tbj Gnhhcsscni ni Buhki Pcmbts, ojt hj jxprjss nur
djjp mrktctudj kid kpprjgcktcni tn Pjij Wkrhcjitn enr tkacim tchj nut tn
wrctj tbcs buhki rcmbts `nna tn hkaj kggjsscòj tn tbj nrdcikry gctczji kid
studjit tbj chpnrtkigj
chpnrtkigj ne buhki rcmbts ci nur dkcoy ocej.
Onrjttk Kii V. Pnskojs

Gbkcrpjrsni
Gnhhcsscni ni Buhki Pcmbts
vcc
KGAIN]OJDMHJIT
Koo `n
Koo `nna
nass kr
krjj dn
dnij
ij in intt `j
`jgk
gkus
usjj ne ni nijj pj
pjrs
rsni
ni ùùtt `j
`jgk
gkus
usjj ne
gnit
gnitrc
rcù
ùtctcni
niss er
ernh
nh ntntbj
bjrs
rs.. TbTbjs
jsjj gn
gnit
itrc
rcù
ùtc
tcni
niss gk
gkii `j ci tb tbjj en
enrh
rh ne
cienr
cienrhk
hktcntcni,
i, ji
jign
gnurk
urkmjh
mjhjijit,t, sum
summj
mjstc
stcni
nis,s, hnr
hnrkoko sup
suppn
pnrt,
rt, kikidd jejeenr
enrts.
ts.
Gnitrcùtnrs gki `j tbj ocvcim nr tbj djkd ùt wbnsj cieoujigj, cispcrktcni,
kid jxkhpoj krj ejot uitco tndky. ]bcgb cs wby enr tbj gnhpojtcni ne tbcs
`nna, hy mrktctudj mnjs tn hy hjitnr ci okw kid buhki rcmbts, Lnsj ].
Dcna
Dc nain
in11 tn hy en enur
ur er
ercj
cjid
id iu iuiis (W
(Wr.
r. HkHkrc
rcki
kicc Dc
Dchk
hkrk
rkik
iki,
i, WE WECG
CG11 Wr
Wr..
Gnistkigj Vkgcs, WECG1 Wr. Gbrcstcij Tki, PMW1 Wr. Kiiuigcktk Wkokhktci,
PMW) wbnsj pksscni enr sngcko gkusjs bkd tnugbjd tbj ocvjs ne hkiy1 tn Pjv.
Er. Kisgkr Gbupuimgn, NW@, tjkgbjr kid kdhcicstrktnr wbn bks hjitnrjd
tbj ynuim kid tbj tjkgbkòj ci tbj kgkdjhj1 tn hy djkr wcej, Drk. Ok Pkciij
wbnsj jignurkmjhjit wks `nuidojss1 tn hy enrhjr stkee Pkqujo Pnok wbn
wks tcrjojss ci jigndcim tbj hkiusgrcpts1 kid tn tbj oc`rkrckis ne Wki @jdk
Gnoojmj, Hjidcnok kid Kok`kim, enr tbjcr bjkrtwkrhcim ksscstkigj.
Tbcs stktjhjit ne mrktctudj cs int gnhpojtj wctbnut mcvcim tbj uotchktj
tbkias kid monry tn Mnd Kohcmbty wbn wcsjoy suppocjd nij kid koo tbj mcet
ne buhki rcmbts.
Hkrkhcim skokhkt!
vccc
x
GNITJITW
Gbkptjr ;
TBJ IKTZPJ NE BZHKI PCMBTW
Vkmj
Djecictcni .............................................................................. ;
Acids ..................................................................................... ;-7
Vrcigcpojs .............................................................................. 7
Gbkrkgtjrcstcgs ..................................................................... 4
Wtkmjs ................................................................................... 4
Tbrjj Nòcmktcnis ne Wtktj Vkrtcjs ..................................... 4-:
Pjkdcims ............................................................................... :
Gbkptjr 0
WNZPGJW KID ENZIDKTCNIW
NE BZHKI PCMBTW OK]
Tbj ;32= Gnistctutcni ......................................................... 5-=
Tbj Citjriktcniko @coo ne Pcmbts ......................................... =-2
Vbconsnpby ............................................................................ 2-3
Pjocmcni ...........
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
..... 3-;6
Pjkdcims ............................................................................... ;6
Gbkptjr 7
GCUCO KID VNOCTCGKO PCMBTW
(ECPWT MJIJPKTCNI NE PCMBTW)
@coo ne Pcmbts ci Tbj ;32= Gnistctutcni ............................. ;;-;0
Gnhprjbjiscvj Kmrjjhjit ni Pjspjgt enr Buhki
Pcmbts kid Citjriktcniko Buhkictkrcki Okw .......... ;0-;7
Zicvjrsko Djgokrktcni ne Buhki Pcmbts ........................... ;7
Citjriktcniko Gnvjikit ni Gcvco kid
Vnooct
Vn ctcg
cgkko Pc
Pcmb
mbts
ts ....
.................................................................................................................... ;7-;
-;44
Pjkdcims .............................................................................. ;4
Gbkptjr 4
JGNINHCG, WNGCKO KID GZOTZPKO PCMBTW
(WJGNID MJIJPKTCNI NE PCMBTW)
Wngcko Lustcgj kid Buhki Pcmbts ci Tbj ;32=
Gnistctutcni ... .............
.............
.............
.............
.............
.............
..... ;:
Zicvjrsko Djgokrktcni
Djgokrktcni ne Buhki Pcmbts ...........................
................. .......... ;5
Tbj Citjriktcniko Gnvjikit ni Jgninhcg, Wngcko, kid
Guoturko Pcmbts............................................................ ;5-;=
Pjkdcims ............................................................................... ;=
Gbkptjr :
WNOCDKPCTS/GNOOJGTCUJ PCMBTW
(TBCPD MJIJPKTCNI NE PCMBTW)
Vjkgj, Djvjonphjit,
Djvjonphjit, Jivcrnihjit ..................................... ............................... ...... ;2-06
]nhji, Gbcodrji, Vjrsnis wctb Dcsk`coctcjs,
Cidc
Ci dcmj mjin inus us Vj Vjnp npoj ojss ............................................................................................................ 06-0
06-077
Pjkdcims ............................................................................... 07
Gbkptjr 5
PJHJDCJW KID VPNGJDZPJW ENP PJWVNIDCIM
TN BZHKI PCMBTW UCNOKTCNIW KID BZHKI
PCMBTW K@ZWJW
Buhki Pcmbts Ucnoktcnis .................................................... 04
Pjh
Pjhjdcjcjss ............................................................................................................................................................ 04-0:
Dnhjstcg Pjh
Pjhjdcjs ... ............ ............. .............. ............. ............. ............ 0:-05
CKidtjhricikctscntrikktcovPjjPhjjhdjcjdscj.s.......................................................................................................... 0=5
Tbj Pjpnrtcim Pjqucrjhjit ................................................. 0=
Civjstcmktcni ne Gnhhuicgktcnis/Gnhpokcits ................... 0=-02
Tbj Ci Citjriktcniko Gr Grchciko Gn Gnurt ........................................ 02-03
Tbj Vu Vuòcg ;07: Vr Vrngjdurj ................................................... 03
Tbj Gniecdjitcko ;:67 Vrngjdurj Vrngjdurj .......................................
......................... .............. 03-76
Wpjgcko Gnuitry Pkppnrtjurs kid Tbjhktcg
Pkpp
Pk ppnrnrtj
tjur
urss .................................................................................................................................. 76-7
76-7;;
Pjkdcims ............................................................................... 7;
Gbkptjr =
VPJUJITCUJ HJGBKICWHW CI TBJ ECJOD
NE BZHKI PCMBTW
Tbj Neecgj ne tbj ZI Bcmb Gnhhcsscnijr
x
enr Bu
Buhki Pc
Pcmmbts .............................................................................................................. 70-7
-777
Iktcniko Buhki
Buhki Pcmbts Cistctutcnis
Cistctutcnis ................................. 77-74
Ini-Mnvjrihjitko
Ini-Mnvj rihjitko Nrmkiczktcnis
Nrmkiczktcnis (IMNs) (IMNs) ........................ 74-7:
Pjkdcims ............................................................................... 7:
Gbkptjr 2
TBJ LZDCGCKPS, TBJ KGKDJHJ, TBJ
EKHCOS NI @ZCODCIM
K BZHKI PCMBTW GZOTZPJ
Buhki Pcmbts Guoturj ........................................................ 75
Tbj Lu
Ludcgckry ...
........................
.............
.............
.............
.......................... 75-72
Tbj Kgkdjhj .... .............
.............
.............
.............
..................................... 72-7
-733
Tbj Ekhco
coyy ......
.............
.............
.............
.............
...................................... 73-4
-466
Pjkdcims ............................................................................... 46
Gbkptjr 3
TBJ PNKD KBJKD ...................................... 4;
KVVJIDCGJW
Tbj ;32= Gnistctutcni Û

Vrjkhòj, Krtcgoj CC (Djgokrktcni ne Vrcigcpojs kid
Wtktj Vnocgcjs), Krtcgoj CCC (@coo ne Pcmbts),
Krtcgoj RCCC (Wngcko Lustcgj Kid Buhki Pcmbts) ...... 4:-::
Zicvjrsko Djgokrktcni ne Buhki Pcmbts ........................... :5-50
Citjriktcniko
Citjriktcni ko Gnvjikit ni Gcvco kid Vnoctcgko Pcmbts ...... 57-2:
Citjriktcniko Gnvjikit ni Jgninhcg, Wngcko kid
Guoturko Pcmbts............................................................ 25-32
Gnhprjbjiscvj Kmrjjhjit ni Pjspjgt enr Buhki
Pcmbts kid Citjriktcniko Buhkictkrcki Okw .......... 33-;;7
Pjej
Pj ejrj
rjig
igjjs ........................................................................................................................................................ ;;4-
;;4-;;
;;==
xc
;
Gbkptjr ;
TBJ IKTZPJ NE BZHKI PCMBTW
Djecictcni
Buhki Pcmbts kr krjj tb

tbjj km
kmmr
mrjm
jmktktjj ne pr prcv
cvco
cojm
jmjs
js,, go
gokc
kch,
h, `j `jij
ijec
ects
ts,,
jitc
ji tctoj
tojhj
hjititss ki
kidd hn hnrk
rkoo mu
mukr
krki
kitj
tjjs
js tbtbkt
kt pjpjrt
rtkc
kcii tn hk
hkii `j`jgk
gkus
usjj ne bcbcss
buhk
bu hkic icty
ty.. Gb
Gbcocojk
jkii ok
okwy
wyjrjr LnLnsj
sj \k
\kok
okqu
qujtjttt wr
wrnt
ntjj tb
tbkt
kt bubuhk
hkii rcrcmb
mbts
ts kr
krjj
rjmkrdjd ks k systjh ne vkoujs nr ks jojhjits wbcgb krj cibjrjit tn buhki
dcmi
dcmictcty.
y. Ci bcbcss `n na,, Ð Tb
`nna Tbjj Pcm
cmbt
btss ne Hki,×
Hki,× Erji Erjigb
gb pbcon
pbconsnpb
snpbjrjr Ljk
Ljkii
Lkgqujs Hkrctkci strjssjd wby hki bks rcmbts. Ð Tbj buhki pjrsni,× bj
skcd, Ð pnssjssjs rcmbts `jgkusj ne tbj vjry ekgt tbkt ct cs k pjrsni, k wbnoj,
hkstjr ne ctsjoe, kid ne cts kgts, kid wbcgb gnisjqujitoy cs int hjrjoy k
rjksni tn ki jid, ùt ki jid wbcgb hust `j trjktjd ks sugb× ( Wkrhcjitn Wkrhcjitn,,
;337, p. 7).
Vnpj Lnbi RRCCC sbkrjs tbj tbnumbts ne Ljki Lkgqujs Hkrctkci. Ci bcs
pkpko
buhkijigygocg
jigygocgko Ð Vkgjh
pjrsnikokid Ci Tjrrcs,×
bcs pnssjsscni bj sbnwjd
ne rcmbts. tbj gniijgtcni
Bj wrntj `jtwjji
tbkt Ð kiy buhkik
sngcjty, ce ct cs tn `j wjoo-nrdjrjd kid prndugtcvj, hust oky dnwi ks k
enuidktcni, tbcs prcigcpoj, ikhjoy, tbkt jvjry buhki `jcim cs k pjrsni, tbkt
cs, bcs ikturj cs jidnwjd wctb citjoocmjigj kid euoo wcoo. @y vcrtuj ne tbcs, bj
bks rcmbts kid dutcjs, eonwcim dcrjgtoy kid schuotkijnusoy ernh bcs vjry
ikturjÃ. × (pp. 7-4).
Buhki rcmbts krj kosn djecijd ks ‟ojmko kid hnrko jitctojhjits tbkt
bkvj jvnovjd ks k `kscs enr gnistrugtcim bnw stktj pnwjr cs usjd kid
pkrtcguokroy
pkrtcguokroy tn ochct cts usj kmkcist (]kbcu,, 06;;, p. 7).
kmkcist tbj rcmbts ne gctczjis× (]kbcu
Buhki rcmbts okwyjr kid gcvco oc`jrtkrcki Lnsj ]. Dcnain skcd ci ;32;
tbkt Ð in gkusj cs hnrj wnrtby tbki tbj gkusj ne buhki rcmbts× kid Ð tbjy
krj wbkt hkaj hki buhki× (Dcnain
Dcnain,, ;320, p. 06).
Acids
Tbj rcmbts ne jvjry pjrsni krj sn hkiy, gnhpjoocim Gzjgb-
Erjigb lurcst Akrjo Ukska ci ;3=3 tn goksscey tbjh citn tbrjj (7)
;
mjijrktcnis ne rcmbts. Tbj ecrst mjijrktcni cs ainwi ks tbj ecrst mjijrktcni ne
gcvco kid pnoctcgko rcmbts. Tbj sjgnid mjijrktcni cs ainwi ks tbj sjgnid
mjijrktcni ne jgninhcg, sngcko, kid guoturko rcmbts. Tbj tbcrd mjijrktcni cs
ainwi ks tbj tbcrd mjijrktcni ne snocdkrcty rcmbts nr gnoojgtcvj rcmbts. Akro
UkskaÚ s tbrjj (7) dcvcscnis enoonw tbj Erjigb PjvnoutcniÚ s tbrjj (7)
sonmkis< Oc`jrty, Jqukocty, Erktjricty.
0 BZHKI PCMBTW OK], BZHKI PCMBTW GZOTZPJ
;. Tb
Tbjj ec
ecrs
rstt mj
mjij
ijrk
rktc
tcni
ni ne rc
rcmb
mbts
ts mr
mrkd
kduk
ukoo
ooyy jv
jvno
novj
vjdd nv
nvjr
jr
gjiturcjs durcim tbj onim djvjonphjit ne djhngrktcg sngcjty kid
sjrvj ks k prntjgtcni ne tbj cidcvcdukos ernh tbj kr`ctrkry jxjrgcsj
ne pnocgj pnwjr. Jxkhpojs ne tbjsj rcmbts krj tbj rcmbt tn ocej,
oc`jrty kid sjgurcty ne pjrsni1 rcmbt kmkcist tnrturj1 rcmbt tn jquko
prntjgtcni kmkcist kiy dcsgrchciktcni
dcsgrchciktcni11 rcmbt kmkcist kr`ctrkry krrjst
kid djtjitcni1 rcmbt tn krcmbt

chpkrtcko trcùiko1 ekcr tn
kid`jpuòcg bjkrcim
prjsuhjd `y ki uitco
ciingjit cidjpjidjit
prnvji
mucoty1 rcmbt tn prcvkgy, erjjdnh ne npcicni kid jxprjsscni, jtg. Tbj
ecrst mjijrktcni ne gcvco kid pnoctcgko rcmbts cs kosn ainwi ks tbj ecrst
mjijrktcni
mjijrk tcni ne oc`jrty rcmbts.
]ciouga ]kbcu wrctjs tbkt gcvco kid pnoctcgko rcmbts krj cidcvcduko
rcmbts kmkcist tbj stktj kid krj pkrtoy sjji ks ijmktcvj rcmbts `jgkusj tbjy
prjvjit tbj stktj ernh tbj pjrenrhk
pjrenrhkigj
igj ne gjrtkci tbcims tbkt krj gniscdjr
gniscdjrjd
jd
(]kbcu,, p. 7).
bkrheuo (]kbcu
0. Tb
Tbjj sjg
sjgni
nidd mj
mjij
ijrk
rktcn
tcnii ne rcmbts
rcmbts stk
stkrtj
rtjdd tn `j rjg
rjgnm
nmicz
iczjd
jd
wbji pjnpoj rjkoczjd tbkt pnssjsscni ne tbj ecrst mjijrktcni ne
oc`j
oc`jrt
rtyy rc
rcmb
mbts
ts wn
wnuo
uodd `j vkvkou
oujo
jojs
jsss wc
wctb
tbnu
nutt tbtbjj ji
jiln
lnyh
yhji
jitt ne
jgninhcg, sngcko, kid guoturko rcmbts. Tbj jxpjrcjigj ne tbj Tbcrd
]nrod gnuitrcjs ci tbjcr strummoj kmkcist Gnonickocsh, tbj cieoujigj
ne Wngckocsh kid tbj jigygocgkos ne tbj Vnpjs koo gnitrcùtjd tn tbj
djvjonphjit kid kpprjgcktcni ne tbj jgninhcg, sngcko, kid guoturko
rcmbts. Jxkhpojs ne tbjsj rcmbts krj tbj rcmbt tn wnra, rcmbt tn sngcko
sjgurcty, rcmbt tn enrh kid tn lnci trkdj uicnis1 rcmbt tn jdugktcni,
rcmbt tn rjst kid ojcsurj, rcmbt tn bjkotb, rcmbt tn sbjotjr, jtg. Tbj
sjgnid mjijrktcni ne jgninhcg, sngcko, kid guoturko rcmbts cs kosn
ainwi ks tbj sjgnid mjijrktcni ne jqukocty rcmbts.
7. Tb
Tbjj tb
tbcr
crdd mj
mjij
ijrk
rktc
tcni
ni ne rc
rcmb
mbts
ts cs cicitj
tjid
idjd
jd tn `j
`jij
ijec
ectt
cidcvcdukos, mrnups kid pjnpojs kid cts rjkoczktcni wcoo ijjd mon`ko
gnnpjrktcni
;333, p. ::).`ksjd ni citjriktcniko
Jxkhpojs snocdkrcty
ne tbjsj rcmbts ( Pnsks
krj rcmbt kid Wgbjcici
tn pjkgj,Wgbjcici,
rcmbt tn,
djvjonp
djv jonphji
hjit,t, jiv
jivcrni
crnihjit
hjitko
ko rcmb
rcmbts,
ts, rcmb
rcmbtt ne sjoe
sjoe-djtj
-djtjrhci
rhciktcn
ktcni,
i,
rcmbt tn ennd, rcmbts ne wnhji, rcmbts ne gbcodrji, kid rcmbt tn
GBKVTJP ; TBJ
IKTZPJ NE BZHKI
BZHKI PCMBTW
buhkictkrcki dcskstjr rjocje. Tbj oktjst rcmbt cs rcmbt tn wktjr. Tbcs tbcrd
mjijrktcni ne rcmbts cs kosn ainwi ks tbj tbcrd mjijrktcni ne snocdkrcty rcmbts.
Vrcigcpojs
Tbj tbrjj (7) prcigcpojs ne buhki rcmbts krj uicvjrskocty, cidcvcsc`cocty,

kid citjrdjpjidjigj.
7
Zicvjrskocty hjkis tbkt rcmbts `jonim tn kid krj tn `j jilnyjd `y koo
buhki `jcims wctbnut dcstcigtcni ne kiy acid, sugb ks rkgj, gnonr, sjx nr
okimukmj, rjocmcni, pnoctcgko kid ntbjr npcicni, iktcniko nr sngcko nrcmci,
prnpjrty, `crtb nr ntbjr stkturj. Ci ntbjr wnrds, buhki rcmbts `jonim tn
jvjrynij wbjrjvjr tbjy krj `jgkusj tbjy krj buhki `jcims jidnwjd wctb
(Wkrhcjitn,, ;33:, p. 43).
dcmicty (Wkrhcjitn
Zicvjrsk
Zicv jrskocty
octy kosn hjk
hjkis
is tbkt tbj citjr
citjriktcn
iktcnikoo
ikooy-rj
y-rjgnm
gnmiczj
iczjdd buhk
buhkii
rcmbts kr
rcmbts krjj tbj `k
`kscg
scg gn
gnrj
rj hci
hcichu
chuh
h tn `j n`n`sjr
sjrvj
vjdd jv
jvjr
jrywb
ywbjrj
jrj wct
wctbn
bnut
ut
rjmcniko dceejrjigjs. Tbjsj buhki rcmbts `jonim tn jvjrynij, jvjrywbjrj, `y
vcrtuj ne `jcim buhki. In nij, in mrnup, in pokgj ci tbj wnrod sbnuod `j
djicjd tbj jilnyhjit ne buhki rcmbts (p. :6).
Tbj twn (0) rjoktjd prcigcpojs ne cidcvcsc`cocty kid citjrdjpjidjigj
hjki tbkt tbj ecrst mjijrktcni ne oc`jrty rcmbts kid tbj sjgnid mjijrktcni ne
jqukocty rcmbts krj citjr-rjoktjd kid krj gn-jquko ci chpnrtkigj. Tbjy enrh ki
cidcvcscòj wbnoj kid nioy ce tbjsj rcmbts krj mukrkitjjd tbkt ki cidcvcduko
gki ocvj djgjitoy kid ci dcmicty (p. :;). Tbj citjriktcniko gnhhuicty hust
trjkt buhki rcmbts ci jquko hkiijr, ni tbj skhj enntcim, kid wctb tbj skhj
jhpbkscs (p. :0).
Tbj jxpjrcjigj ne Lnsj ]. Dcnain ci bkidocim buhki rcmbts gksjs
civnovcim tbj hkrmcikoczjd kid `kscg sjgtnrs gniecrhs tbj vkocdcty ne tbj
prcigcpojs ne
ne cidcvcsc`cocty kid citjrdjpjidjigj
citjrdjpjidjigj ne
ne buhki rcmbts.
rcmbts. Bj skcd<
‟Ks okwyjr enr shkoo ekrhjrs, ecsbjrhji, wnrajrs, studjits, kid
ur`ki pnnr, hkiy ne wbnh bkvj `jji djtkcijd, hnst ne wbnh bkvj
`jji tbrjktjijd wctb djtjitcni, k ejw ne wbnh bkvj `jji sbnt kid
wnuidjd, wbji tbjy wjrj pjkgjeuooy jxjrgcscim tbjcr rcmbts ne kssjhòy,
C bkvj ojkrijd tbj pkcieuo ojssni tbkt wj gkiint jilny gcvco kid pnoctcgko
rcmbts uiojss wj jilny jgninhcg, guoturko kid sngcko rcmbts, kiyhnrj
tbki wj gki cisurj nur gcvco kid pnoctcgko rcmbts. Truj, k buimry hki
dnjs int bkvj hugb erjjdnh ne gbncgj. @ut jqukooy truj, wbji k wjoo
ejd hkimncim
kmkcist dnjsbuimry×
int bkvj(kterjjdnh
p. :;). ne gbncgj, bj gkiint prntjgt bchsjoe
Gbkrkgtjrcstcgs
Buhki rcmbts krj cibjrjit, cikocjikòj, kid uicvjrsko.

Cibjrjit hjkis tbkt rcmbts krj tbj `crtbrcmbt ne koo buhki `jcims,
jxcstcim cidjpjidjitoy ne tbj wcoo ne jctbjr ki cidcvcduko buhki `jcim nr
mrnup. Tbjy krj int n`tkcijd kid mrkitjd tbrnumb kiy buhki kgtcni nr
citjrvjitcni (Vcjgbnwcka, ;337, p. :). ]bji nij cs `nri, bj gkrrcjs wctb
tbjh tbjsj rcmbts. Tbjy gkiint `j sjpkrktjd nr djtkgbjd ernh bch.
Cikocjikòj (Ð uikocjikòj× kggnrdcim tn KhjrcgkÚ s Djgokrktcni ne
Cidjpjidjigj) hjkis tbkt in pjrsni gki djprcvj kiy pjrsni tbjsj rcmbts kid
in pjrsni gki rjpudcktj tbjsj rcmbts `y bchsjoe (p. 5). Ct kosn hjkis tbkt
tbjsj rcmbts gkiint `j tbj su`ljgt ne tbj gnhhjrgj ne hki.
Zicvjrsko hjkis tbkt tbjsj rcmbts `jonim tn jvjry buhki `jcim, in
hkttjr wbkt bj nr sbj cs ocaj (p. :). @jgkusj rcmbts krj uicvjrsko, cts
prnhntcni kid prntjgtcni krj tbj duty ne koo Wtktjs, rjmkrdojss ne guoturko,
jgninhcg nr pnoctcgko systjhs.
Wtkmjs
Tbj tbrjj (7) stkmjs ne buhki rcmbts krj cdjkoczktcni, pnsctcvczktcni,

kid rjkoczktcni.
Cdjkoczktcni hjkis tbkt intcnis k`nut buhki rcmbts bkvj stkrtjd ci tbj
rjkoh ne cd cdjjks tb
tbkkt rj
rjeeoj
ojggt k gnisg
sgcn
cnuusi
sijjss kmkci
cist
st np
nppprjss
sscn
cnii,
czktcni nr cikdjquktj pjrenrhkigj `y tbj Wtktj ( Drzjwcgac
djbuhkiczktcni
djbuhki Drzjwcgac,, ;337, p.
0:).
Vnsctcvczktcni cs tbj sjgnid stkmj wbjrj suppnrt enr tbj cdjks `jgkhj
strnim kid tbj stkmj cs sjt tn cignrpnrktj tbjh citn snhj ojmko cistruhjits,
wbjtbjr dnhjstcg okw nr citjriktcniko okw (p. 0:).
Pjkoczktcni cs tbj okst stkmj wbjrj tbjsj rcmbts krj jilnyjd `y tbj
gctczjis ne tbj Wtktj `y tbj trkisenrhktcni ne tbj sngcko, jgninhcg, kid
pnoctcgko nrdjr
nrdjr (p. 0:).
Tbrjj Nòcmktcnis ne Wtktj Vkrtcjs

Wtktj Vkrtcjs tn Citjriktcniko Gnvjikits bkvj nòcmktcnis< nòcmktcni tn
rjspjgt, nòcmktcni tn jisurj, kid nòcmktcni tn prntjgt.
Krtcgoj 0(;) ne tbj Citjriktcniko Gnvjikit ni Gcvco kid Vnoctcgko Pcmbts
(CGGVP) gnitkci tbj nòcmktcni tn rjspjgt. Ct cidcgktjs tbj
GBKVTJP ; TBJ
IKTZPJ NE BZHKI
BZHKI PCMBTW
ijmktcvj gbkrkgtjr ne gcvco kid pnoctcgko rcmbts, gnhhkidcim Wtktj Vkrtcjs tn

rjer
rjerkc
kcii er
ernh
nh rjrjst
strc
rcgt
gtci
cimm tb
tbjj jx
jxjr
jrgc
gcsj
sj ne tb
tbjs
jsjj rc
rcmb
mbts
ts wb
wbjr
jrjj su
sugb
gb cs in
intt
jxprjssoy koonwjd. Tkaj tbj jxkhpoj ne prnbc`ctcni ne tnrturj ci Krtcgoj = ne
CGGVP. Ct cs k`snoutj, hjkicim, Wtktjs hust rjerkci ernh prkgtcgcim tnrturj
uidjr koo gcrguhstkigjs. Ntbjr prnvcscnis ocaj rcmbt tn ocej ci Krtcgoj 5(;) ne
CGGVP nr tbj prntjgtcni ne prcvkgy ci Krtcgoj ;= ne CGGVP nioy prnbc`ct
kr`ctrkry citjrejrjigj.
citjrejrjigj. Ntbjr prnvcscnis ocaj tbj pnoctcgko erjjdnhs ci Krtcgojs
;2, ;3, 0; kid 00 ne CGGVP kutbnrczj tbj Wtktj Vkrtcjs tn chpnsj rjstrcgtcnis
(Inwka, ;33=, p. 2=).
Krtcgoj 0(;) ne tbj skhj Citjriktcniko Gnvjikit ni Gcvco kid Vnoctcgko
Pcmbts (CGGVP) gnitkcicim tbj nòcmktcni tn jisurj cidcgktjs tbj pnsctcvj
gbkrkgtjr ne tbj gcvco kid pnoctcgko rcmbts kid tbj jgninhcg, sngcko, kid
:
guoturko rcmbts. Zidjr tbj nòcmktcni, Wtktj Vkrtcjs hust `j prnkgtcvj tn
jikòj cidcvcdukos tn jilny tbjcr rcmbts.
Ci gnigrjtj, tbcs hjkis tbkt Wtktj Vkrtcjs bks tbj nòcmktcni uidjr Krtcgoj 0(0)
tn kdnpt jxjgutcvj, ludcgcko, kid ojmcsoktcvj hjksurjs, tn prnvcdj ki jeejgtcvj
rjhjdy tn vcgtchs ne buhki rcmbts vcnoktnrs uidjr Krtcgoj 0(7) kid tn
skej
skejmu
mukr
krdd gj
gjrt
rtkc
kcii rc
rcmb
mbts
ts `y hj
hjkikiss ne pr
prng
ngjd
jdur
urko
ko mu
mukr
krki
kitj
tjjs
js ki
kidd oj
ojmk
mkoo
cistctutcnis (p. 2=).

Tbj nòcmktcni tn jisurj cigoudjs tbj nòcmktcni tn prntjgt. Kid tbcs
hjkis prjvjitcim prcvktj cidcvcdukos, mrnups nr jitctcjs ernh citjrejrcim wctb
tbj cidcvcdukoÚ s gcvco kid pnoctcgko rcmbts. Tbj bnrcznitk
bnrcznitkoo jeenrts (kppocgktcni
ne buhki rcmbts `jtwjji cidcvcdukos nr ntbjr prcvktj su`ljgts) djpjid ni tbj
wnrdcim ne k mcvji rcmbt. Enr jxkhpoj, tbj prnbc`ctcni ne sokvjry ci Krtcgoj 2
ne CGGVP nr tbj prnbc`ctcni ne kdvngkgy ne rkgcko bktrjd ci Krtcgoj 06 ne
CGGVP kppocjs prchkrcoy ni tbj bnrcznitko ojvjo. Tbj rcmbt tn tbj prntjgtcni
ne okw uidjr Krtcgojs 5, ;=, 07, 04, kid 05 scmicey tbj ijjd tn tkaj pnsctcvj
hjkis, tn prntjgt gbcodrji, tbj ekhcoy kid tbj rcmbts tn ocej, oc`jrty kid
jqukocty (pp. 2=-22).
Pjkdcims<
Wchni vs. Gnhhcsscni ni Buhki Pcmbts,
Pcmbts, M.P. In. ;66;:6,
Lkiukry :, ;334
Wnrckn vs. Vcijdk,
Vcijdk, GK-M.P. WV In. 7;:45, Kumust ;6, ;334
Npnsk vs. Ekgtnrki,
Ekgtnrki, 004 WGPK =30 (;337)
@kodnzk vs. Dchkkin,
Dchkkin, =; WGPK ;:0 (;3=5)
Dkvcd vs. Vrjs. Monrck Hkgkpkmko-Krrnyn, jt ko.,
ko., M.P. In.
;=;735 (0665)
Gbkptjr 0
WNZPGJW KID ENZIDKTCNIW

NE BZHKI PCMBTW OK]
Tbj ;32= Gnistctutcni
Tbj `kscg snurgj ne buhki rcmbts okw ci tbj Vbcocppcijs cs Tbj ;32=
Gnis
Gnistc
tctu
tutcn
tcni.
i. Ct cs rc
rcgb
gb ci bubuhk
hkii rc
rcmb
mbts
ts gn
gnit
itji
jitt ki
kidd gn
gnis
istc
tctu
tutj
tjss k vk
vkst
st
chprnvjhjit ne tbj prjvcnus Vbcocppcij Gnistctutcnis, ikhjoy, Tbj ;23=
@cka-i
@cka-ik-@
k-@ktn
ktn Gni
Gnistc
stctut
tutcni
cni,, Tbj ;2;233
33 Hko
Hkonon
nonss Gn
Gnist
istctu
ctutcn
tcni,
i, Tbj ;37;37::
Gnistctutcni, Tbj ;347 Gnistctutcni, Tbj ;3=7 Gnistctutcni kid Tbj ;325
Erjjdnh
CCC, @coo neGnistctutcni.
Pcmbts),, tbjCisjgni
Pcmbts) ctnid
sjg krj
d enuid
mjijr
mji tbj
jrktcniecrst
ktcni mjijrktcni
ne rcm ne rcmbts
bts (Krtcgoj
rcmbts (Krtcgoj
RCC, Iktcniko
Jgninhy kid Vktrchniy1 Krtcgoj RCCC, Wngcko Lustcgj kid Buhki Pcmbts1
Krtcgoj RCU, Jdugktcni, Wgcjigj kid Tjgbinonmy, Krts, Guoturj kid Wpnrts)
kid tbj tbcrd mjijrktcni ne rcmbts (Krtcgoj CC, Djgokrktcni ne Vrcigcpojs kid
Wtktj Vnocgcjs1 Krtcgoj RU, Tbj Ekhcoy).
K invjo ejktu turj
rj ne tbj ;32= Gn Gniist
stct
ctuutc
tcni
ni cs tb
tbjj cidjpj
pjiidjit
ko neecgj gkoojd tbj Gnhhcsscni ni Buhki Pcmbts,
gnistctutcniko
gnistctutcni Pcmbts, nij ne tbj ecrst
iktcni
iktcniko
ko bubuhk
hkii rc
rcmb
mbts
ts gn
gnhh
hhcs
cssc
scni
ni ci tb
tbjj wn
wnro
rod.
d. Tw
Twnn ne ctctss ch
chpn
pnrt
rtki
kitt
euigtcnis uidjr Wjgtcni ;2, Krtcgoj RCCC ne Tbj ;32= Gnistctutcni krj tn
civjstcmktj buhki rcmbts vcnoktcnis civnovcim gcvco kid pnoctcgko rcmbts jctbjr
gnhhc
gnhhcttjttjdd `y tbj mnv
mnvjr
jrihj
ihjit
it nr `y inini-m
i-mnv
nvjri
jrihj
hjitk
itkoo ji
jitct
tctcjs
cjs ki
kidd tn
jstkòcsb k prnmrkh ne jdugktcni kid cienrhktcni tn jibkigj rjspjgt enr tbj
prchkgy ne buhki
buhki rcmbts.
rcmbts.
Tbj ;32= Gnistctutcni bks `jji tbj `kscs ne okws pkssjd `y Gnimrjss
djkocim wctb tbj ecrst mjijrktcni ne rcmbts ocaj Pjpuòcg Kgt In. =472 (Pcmbts
ne Vjrsnis Krrjstjd, Djtkcijd nr Zidjr Gustndcko Civjstcmktcni),
Civjstcmktcni), Pjpuòcg
Kgt In. 2437 (Wpjjdy Trcko Kgt ne ;332),
;332), Pjp
Pjpuò
uòcg ;67:6 (Kitc-
cg Kgt In. ;67:6
Jienrgjd Dcskppjkrkigj Kgt) Kgt),, Pj
Pjpu
può
òcg 3=4: (Vjikoczjs Kgts ne
cg Kgt In. 3=4:
Tnrturj),, Pjpuòcg
Tnrturj)
Kgt In. 32:; (Vjikoczjs Grchj Kmkcist Citjriktcniko Buhkictkrcki
Okw, jtg.) kid Pjpuòcg Kgt In. ;6752 (Grjktcni ne Buhki Pcmbts
Ucgtchs Gokchs @nkrd)1
@nkrd)1 tbnsj djkocim wctb sjgnid mjijrktcni ne
5
GBKVTJP 0
WNZPGJW KID ENZIDKTCNIW NE BZHKI PCMBTW OK]
rcmbts ocaj Pjpuòcg Kgt In. 55:= (Gnhprjbjiscvj Kmrkrcki Pjenrh Okw),
Okw),
Pjpu
Pj può
òcg
cg Kg
Kgtt In
In.. =0=3 (Zr`ki Djvjonphjit kid Bnuscim Kgt ne ;330),
=0=3 ;330),
Pjpuòcg Kgt In. 2020 (Wngcko Wjgurcty Kgt ne ;330),
;330), Pjpuòcg Kgt In. 5372
(Tbj Gnnpjrktcvj
Hndjriczktcni KgtGndj),
Gndj) , Pjpuòcg
n e ;33=)1
ne ;33=) Kgtdjkocim
1 kid tbnsj In. 247:wctb (Kmrcguoturj kid Ecsbjrcjs
tbcrd mjijrktcni ne rcmbts
ocajj Pjp
oca Pjpuò
uòcg
cg Kgt In. =;30=;30 (]nhji ci Djvjonphjit kid Iktcni-@ucodcim
Kgt),, Pjpuòcg Kgt In. 2:6: (Pkpj Ucgtch Ksscstkigj kid Vrntjgtcni Kgt ne
Kgt)
;332),,
;332)
Pjppuòcg Kgt In. 53:: (D
Pj (Djg
jgok
okrj
rjss Zi
Ziok
okwe
weuo
uo tbtbjj Vr
Vrkg
kgtc
tcgj
gj ne Hk
Hktgtgbc
bcim
im
Ecocpcin ]nhji enr Hkrrckmj Tn Enrjcmi Iktcnikos ni k Hkco Nrdjr @kscs), @kscs),
Pjpuòcg Kgt In. 3=;6 (Ki Kgt Vrnvcdcim enr tbj Hkmik Gkrtk ne ]nhji), ]nhji),
Pjpu
Pj può
òcg
cg Kg
Kgtt In
In.. =5
=5;6;6 (Ki Kgt Vrnvcdcim Enr Wtrnimjr Djtjrrjigj kid
Wpjgcko
Wpj gcko Vrn
Vrntjg
tjgtcn
tcnii Kmk
Kmkcis
cistt Gbc
Gbcod
od Kù
Kùsj,
sj, jtg
jtg.)
.),, Pj
Pjpu
può
òcg
cg Kg
Kgtt In
In.. 2=
2=43
43
(Vbcocppcij Gojki Kcr Kgt ne ;333),;333) , Pjpuòcg Kgt In. 3667 (Jgnonmcgko Wnocd
]kstj Hkikmjhjit kid Vrntjgtcni Kgt) kid Pjpuòcg Kgt In. 3;4= (]codocej
Pjsnurgjs Gnisjrvktcni kid Vrntjgtcni Kgt). Kgt).
=
Tbj ;32= Gn
Tbj Gniist
stct
ctuutc
tcnni cs sn
snh
hjtctchj
hjss gkoo
oojjd k Buh
uhkki Pcm
cmbbts
Gnistctutcni `jgkusj ne cts hkiy buhki rcmbts kid buhki rcmbtsrjoktjd
prnvcscniss enuid ci sjvjrko
prnvcscni sjvjrko ne cts Krtcgojs.
Krtcgojs.
Tbj ;32= Gnistctutcni cs tbj sjvjitb Gnistctutcni drketjd `y Ecocpcins.
Tbj scx (5) Gnistctutcnis wjrj Tbj ;23= @cka-ik-@ktn Gnistctutcni, Tbj
;233 Hkonons Gnistctutcni, Tbj ;37: Gnistctutcni, Tbj ;347 Gnistctutcni,
Tbj ;3=7 Gnistctutcni kid Tbj ;325 Erjjdnh Gnistctutcni. Koo sjvji (=)
Gnistctutcnis bkvj prnvcscnis ni buhki rcmbts.
Tbj Citjriktcniko @coo ne Pcmbts

Tbj ;32= Gnistctutcni gnitkcis ki Cignrpnrktcni Gokusj enuid ci cts
Krtcg
Kr tcgoj
oj CC
CC,, Wj
Wjgt
gtcn
cnii 0, st
stkt
ktci
cimm Ð QTQTXb
Xbjj Vb
Vbcococp
cppc
pcij
ijss rj
rjin
inui
uigjgjss wk
wkrr ks ki
cistruhjit ne iktcniko pnocgy, kdnpts tbj mjijrkooy kggjptjd prcigcpojs ne
citjriktcniko okws ks pkrt ne tbj okid. ...× Tbcs gokusj hkdj pnsscòj tbj
kppocgktcni ci tbj Vbcocppcijs ne tbj buhki rcmbts prcigcpojs stktjd ci tbj
Citj
Citjri
rikt
ktcn
cnik
ikoo @c
@coo
oo ne PcPcmb
mbtsts (g
(gnh
nhpn
pnsj
sjdd ne tb tbjj tb
tbrj
rjjs
jsnh
nhjj ZiZicv
cvjr
jrsk
skoo
Djgok
Dj gokrk
rktcn
tcnii ne Buh
Buhkiki Pcm
Pcmbts
bts,, tbj Cit
Citjri
jriktc
ktcni
niko
ko Gnv
Gnvji
jiki
kitt ni Gcv
Gcvco
co kid
Vnoctcgko Pcmbts kid tbj Citjriktcniko Gnvjikit ni Jgninhcg, Wngcko kid
Guoturko Pcmbts).
Z Tbkit, enrhjr Wjgrjtkry Mjijrko ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis bks gkoojd tbj
tbrjj (7) dnguhjits pous tbj Nptcniko Vrntngno tn tbj Gnvjikit ni Gcvco kid
Vnoctcgko Pcmbts ks Ð k Hkmik Gkrtk enr hkiacid× kid Ð cs tbj jssjitcko
prjrjqucsctj
prjrjqu csctj enr pjkgj kt
kt bnhj kid ci tbj (Wkrhcjitn,, ;337, p. 5).
tbj wnrod× (Wkrhcjitn
Tbj Gnhhcsscni ni Buhki Pcmbts ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis wks tksajd
tn prjpkrj tbj Zicvjrsko Djgokrktcni ne Buhki Pcmbts. Tbj Gnhhcsscni
jstkòcsbjd k drketcim gnhhcttjj gnhpnsjd ne jcmbt (2) hjh`jrs gbkcrjd `y
Hrs. Jojkinr Pnnsjvjot. Ci ;342, tbj Gnhhcsscni ketjr bnodcim jcmbt (2)
hjjtcims nvjr kohnst twn (0) yjkrs, kdnptjd tbj drket Djgokrktcni kid
su`hcttjd
Gn
Gnui
uigc
gco. ct tn Dj
o. Ni tbjgjh`
DjgjZI Mjijrko
h`jr
jr ;6,, ;3
;6 Kssjhòy
;342 tbjj tbrnumb
42,, tb Mjij
Mj rkoo tbj
ijrk Jgninhcg
Kssj
Ks sjh`
hòy
oy kdkid
kdnp
nptjWngcko
tjd
d tb
tbjj
Djgokrktcni kt tbj Gbkcoont Vkokgj ci Vkrcs. Tbj Djgokrktcni wks kdnptjd `y
42 vn
vntj
tjss ci ek ekvn
vnr,
r, in
inij
ij kmkmkc
kcis
istt ki
kidd jc
jcmb
mbtt k`
k`ststjjit
itcn
cnis
is (@
(@yj
yjon
onru
russ
ssck
ck,,
Gzjgbnsonvkack, Vnokid, Wkudc Krk`ck, Wnutb Kercgk, Zarkcij, ZWWP kid
Sumnsokvck) (Drzjwcgac
Drzjwcgac,, ;33=, p. =;).
Tbj Vrjkhòj tn tbj Djgokrktcni cs chpnrtkit `jgkusj ct rjejrs tn tbj
gnigjpts ne cibjrjit buhki dcmicty kid nij cikocjikòj ikturj ne buhki
rcmbts ks tbj pbconsnpbcgko snurgjs ne tbj Djgokrktcni kid cispcrktcni enr
eurtbjr djvjonphjit ne buhki rcmbts. Tbj Vrjkhòj gkoos enr citjr-guoturko
gnisjisus `y cidcgktcim tbkt Ð k gnhhni uidjrstkidcim ne tbj rcmbts kid
erjjdnhs cs ne mrjktjst chpnrtkigj enr tbj euoo rjkoczktcni× ne tbj pojdmj ne
Hjh`jrs ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis tn kgbcjvj tbj prnhntcni ne uicvjrsko rjspjgt
enr kid n`sjrvkigj ne buhki rcmbts kid euidkhjitko erjjdnhs (C`cd.).
Tbj VrjkhòjÚ s rjejrjigj tn Ð erjjdnh ne spjjgb kid `jocje kid
erjjdnh ernh ejkr kid wkit‘ ci cts pkrkmrkpb 0 rjeojgt tbj Enur Erjjdnhs
Hjsskmj tn tbj Z.W. Gnimrjss `y Erkiaoci D. Pnnsjvjot ci Lkiukry, ;34; (p.
=0).
Tndky, tbj Djgokrktcni cs gniscdjrjd ks tbj ecrst citjriktcnikooy kdnptjd
gktkonmuj ne buhki rcmbts kid cs nij ne tbj `jst ojmko cistruhjits ni buhki
rcmbts jvjr kdnptjd (p. =7). Ct sjts tbj Muciijss ]nrod Pjgnrd enr hnst
trkisoktjd dnguhjit ci tbj wnrod. Enrhjr Bcmb Gnhhcsscnijr enr Buhki
Pcmbts, Hkry Pn`cisni, skcd tbkt tbj gnhhni okimukmj ne buhkicty, tbj
okimukmj ne buhki rcmbts, cs jisbrcijd ci tbj Djgokrktcni (Neecgj ne tbj Bcmb
Gnhhcsscnijr ne Buhki Pcmbts, 06;7).
Vbconsnpby
Tbj ntbjr snurgjs ne buhki rcmbts krj pbconsnpby kid rjocmcni.
Tbj wrctcims, jxpnsctcni kid dcsgnursjs ne Lnbi Ongaj, Ljki Lkgqujs
Pnussjku, @krni dj Hnitjsqucju, Chhkiujo Akit, Tbnhks Bn``js, Lnbi
Wtukrt Hcoo kid ntbjrs cieoujigjd tbj djvjonphjit kid jircgbhjit ne buhki
rcmbts. Tbjsj ]jstjri tbciajrs cispcrjd
GBKVTJP 0
WNZPGJW KID ENZIDKTCNIW NE BZHKI PCMBTW OK]
tbj enrhuoktcni ne tbj Zicvjrsko Djgokrktcni ne Buhki Pcmbts, tbj Jimocsb

@coo ne Pcmbts (;523), tbj Khjrcgki Djgokrktcni ne Cidjpjidjigj (;==5), tbj
Erjigb Djgokrktcni ne tbj Pcmbts ne Hki kid ne tbj Gctczjis (;=32) kid ntbjr
buhki rcmbts cistruhjits.
Lnbi Ong
Lnbi Ongaj
aj (;
(;570
570-;=
-;=64
64),), Jim
Jimocs
ocsbb pb
pbcon
consnp
snpbj
bjr,
r, wrn
wrntj
tj tb
tbjj Wjg
Wjgni
nidd
Trjktcsj ne Mnvjrihjit wbjrj bj krmujd tbkt snvjrjcmity rjscdjs ci tbj
pjnpoj kid jxpokcijd
jxpokcijd tbj ikturj ne mnvjrih
mnvjrihjitjit ci tjrhs ne ikturko rcmbts kid
sngcko gnitrkgt. Bj wrntj tbkt ojmctchktj mnvjrihjit cs cistctutjd `y tbj
gnvjikit ne tbj mnvjrijd kid tbkt tbcs ojmctchktj mnvjrihjit cs duty-`nuid
tn prjsjrvj tbj rcmbts ne ocej, oc`jrty, bjkotb kid prnpjrty ne cts gctczjis1 kid,
tn prnsjgutj kid puicsb tbnsj wbn vcnoktj tbj rcmbts ne ntbjrs kid tn pursuj
tbj puòcg mnnd. Tbcs sngcko gnitrkg
gnitrkgtt tbjnry cs wbkt pjrhjktjs hkiy iktcniko
gnistctutcnis tndky (Wtkidkrd Jigygonpjdck ne Vbconsnpby, 06;0).
Ljki Lkg
Ljki Lkgqu
qujs
js Pnu
Pnussj
ssjku
ku (;
(;=;0
=;0-;3
-;3=2
=2),
), k Erk
Erkig
ign-W
n-Wwc
wcss
ss pb
pbcon
consnp
snpbj
bjr,
r,
kutbnrjd
kutb hkstjrpcjgjj Ð Tbj Wngcko Gnitrkgt.× Bjrj, bj pnstuoktjd k
nrjd bcs hkstjrpcjg
sngcko gnitrkgt `y wbcgb tbj gctczjis surrjidjr tbjcr rcmbts tn tbj Ð mjijrko
wcoo× ne tbj pjnpoj wbcgb hust kch kt tbj chpkrtcko mnnd. Wu`hcsscni tn tbj
kutbnrcty ne tbj Ð mjijrko wcoo× ne tbj pjnpoj `y tbj gctczjis wbn lncijd
tnmjtbjr citn gcvco sngcjty tbrnumb tbj sngcko gnitrkgt kid k`kidnicim tbjcr
3
gokchs
gokchs ne ik
iktu
turk
rkoo rc
rcmb
mbt,
t, gc
gctc
tczj
zjis
is pr
prjs
jsjr
jrvj
vj tb
tbjh
jhsj
sjov
ovjs
js ki
kidd rj
rjhk
hkci
ci er
erjj
jj
(Wtkidkrd Jigygonpjdck ne Vbconsnpby, 06;6).
@krni dj Hnit
@krni Hnitjsq
jsqucju
ucju (;523-;=::
(;523-;=::),
), k Erji
Erjigb
gb pbco
pbconsnpbjr, wrntj Ð
nsnpbjr,
Tbj Wpcrct ne tbj Okws,× bbccs hkmiuh npus,
npus, tn jxpokci buhki okws kid
cistctutcnis. Bj skw djspntcsh Ð k scimoj pjrsni dcrjgts jvjrytbcim `y bcs
nwi wcoo kid gkprcgj,× ks k stkidcim dkimjr enr kiy mnvjrihjit int djspntcg
kid krmujd tbkt ct gnuod `jst `j prjvjitjd `y k systjh ne sjpkrktcni ne
pnwjrs ci wbcgb dceejrjit `ndcjs jxjrgcsj ojmcsoktcvj, jxjgutcvj, kid ludcgcko
pnwjrs. Tndky, tbcs tbjnry ne sjpkrktcni ne pnwjrs tbkt cictckooy cispcrjd tbj
Z.W. Gnistctutcniko Gnivjitcni ne ;=2= cs wbkt uidjrocjs hkiy hndjri
mnvjrihjits (@rctkiicgk Gnigcsj Jigygonpjdck).
Pjocmcni
Jh`jd ci tbj skgrjd sgrcpturjs kid `nnas ne tbj wnrodÚ s rjocmcnis krj
ojssnis kid tjkgbcims ni buhki dcmicty, skigtcty ne ocej, wnrtb ne gnisgcjigj,
sngcko lustcgj, rjspjgt enr tbj citjmrcty ne grjktcni, rcmbts ne prcsnijrs, rcmbts
ne pjrsnis wctb dcsk`coctcjs, rcmbts ne hcinrctcjs, rcmbts ne gbcodrji, jtg. Ci
Gbrcstckicty, nij ecids tbjh ci tbj Nod Tjstkhjit kid Ijw Tjstkhjit.
Khns :<04 gnhhkids ‟ojt lustcgj eonw ocaj
oc aj k strjkh, kid rcmbtjnus
rcmbtjnusijss
ijss
ocaj wktjr tbkt ijvjr mnjs dry.×
Cskckb 5;<;-7 cistrugts us Ð tn `rcim mnnd ijws tn tbj pnnr,× Ð tn bjko
tbj `rnaji bjkrtjd,× kid Ð tn kiinuigj rjojksj tn gkptcvjs.×
Hkttbjw 05<7: rjhcids us tbkt nij wbn cs òjssjd `y Mnd kid nij
wbn wcoo cibjrct tbj Acimdnh cs bj nr sbj wbn mcvjs ennd tn tbj buimry,
drcia tn tbj tbcrsty, gontbcim tn tbj ikajd, gkrj tn tbj coo kid vcsctktcni tn
tbnsj ci prcsni.
Ouaj ;<45 cs tbj Gkitcgoj ne Hkry kid ct spjkas ne tbj Hcmbty Nij wbn
bks dcspjrsjd tbj krrnmkit hcid kid bjkrt, tbrnwi dnwi tbj ruojrs ernh tbjcr
tbrnijs ùt ocetjd up tbj buhòj kid ecoojd tbj buimry wctb mnnd tbcims.
tbj Ð Nur Ektbjr,× tbj prkyjr tkumbt `y Ljsus Gbrcst, wj krj tnod
Ci tbj
k`nut tbj Ektbjr ne koo wbn mcvjs ennd (hktjrcko/spcrctuko `rjkd, jtg.) tn Bcs
gbcodrji.
Tbj prchkgy kttkgbjd tn ocej kid dcmicty ne tbj buhki pjrsni, tbj
prcigcpoj ne tnojrkigj `ksjd ni tbj cikocjik`coc
cikocjik`cocty
ty ne pjrsnik
pjrsnikoo gnisgcjig
gnisgcjigj,
j,
rjspjgt enr dwjoocim kid tbj rcmbt tn ksyouh krj enuid ci Csokh.
Anrki :<0 stktjs tbkt Ð wbn sn sokys k snuo int tn rjtkocktj enr k snuo
sokci, inr enr gnrruptcni dnij ci tbj okid, sbkoo `j us ce bj bkd sokci hkiacid
kotnmjtbjr.
Anrki 0<24 rjqucrjs tbkt Ð Sj sbkoo int sbjd ynur `rntbjrÚ s ònnd,
inr dcspnssjss nij kintbjr ne ynur bk`ctktcnis.×
;6 BZHKI PCMBTW OK], BZHKI PCMBTW GZOTZPJ
Pjkdcims<
Krtcgoj CC, Krtcgoj CCC, Krtcgoj RCCC, Tbj ;32= Gnistctutcni ne tbj
Vbcocppcijs
Zicvjrsko Djgokrktcni ne Buhki Pcmbts
Hjlnee vs. Dcrjgtnr ne Vrcsnis,
Vrcsnis, 36 Vbco. =6 (;3:;)
Aurndk vs. Lkokidnic,
Lkokidnic, 40 N.M. 4020
Lnbi OngajÚ s Wjgnid Trjktcsj ne Mnvjrihjit
Khns :<04, Cskckb 5;<;-7 (Nod Tjstkhjit)1 Hkttbjw 05<7:,
Ouaj ;<45 (Ijw Tjstkhjit)
Anrki :<0, Anrki 0<24
Gbkptjr 7
GCUCO KID VNOCTCGKO PCMBTW

(ECPWT MJIJPKTCNI NE PCMBTW)
@coo ne Pcmbts Ci Tbj ;32= Gnistctutcni

Tbj @coo ne Pcmbts cs k rjmuokr ecxturj ci koo Vbcocppcij Gnistctutcnis,
jxgjpt ci tbj @cka-ik-@ktn Gnistctutcni ne ;23=. Ci tbj ;37: Gnistctutcni,
tbj ;3=7 Gnistctutcni kid tbj ;325 Erjjdnh Gnistctutcni, ct wks gkoojd @coo
ne Pcmbts. Ci tbj ;347 Gnistctutcni, ct wks gkoojd Dutcjs kid Pcmbts ne tbj
Gctczji kid ci tbj ;233 Hkonons Gnistctutcni, ct wks gkoojd Tbj Ecocpcins kid
Tbjcr Iktcniko kid Cidcvcduko Pcmbts. Ct cs @coo ne Pcmbts ci tbj ;32=
Gnistctutcni.
Tbj @coo ne Pcmbts cs ki jiuhjrk
jiuhjrktcni
tcni ne gcvco kid pnoctcgko rcmbts tbkt krj
sjoe
sjoe-j
-jxj
xjgu
gutc
tcim
im (i
(inn ij
ijjd
jd ne chchpo
pojh
jhji
jitc
tcim
im oj
ojmc
mcso
sokt
ktcn
cni)
i) ki
kidd sj
sjrv
rvjs
js ks k
rjstrcgtcni upni tbj pnwjrs ne tbj Wtktj Mnvjrihjit, ci nrdjr tn prjsjrvj
gnistctutcniko bkrhniy kid stk`cocty bks tn bninr kid rjspjgt tbjsj rcmbts
wbcoj jxjrgcscim cts euidkhjitko pnwjrs ocaj pnocgj pnwjr, jhcijit dnhkci,
kid tkxktcni. Ð ]bkt tbj @coo ne Pcmbts dnjs,× wrntj Er. Lnkquci @jriks,
W.L., Ð cs tn djgokrj snhj enr`cddji znijs ci tbj prcvktj spbjrj cikggjsscòj
tn kiy pnwjr bnodjr× (C Pjgnrd ne tbj Gnistctutcniko Gnhhcsscni ne ;325,
p. 5=4).
Tbj prnvcscnis ci Krtcgoj CCC (@coo ne Pcmbts), Tbj ;32= Gnistctutcni ci
rjok
rjoktcn
tcnii tn Kr
Krtc
tcgo
gojj CU (@
(@co
cooo ne Pc
Pcmb
mbts
ts),
), Tb
Tbjj ;3
;3=7
=7 Gn
Gnis
istc
tctu
tutc
tcni
ni gk
gkii `j
goksscecjd citn enur (4) typjs. Tbjy krj< (;) tbj gnhpojtjoy ijw prnvcscnis
ocaj Wjgtcni ;0(4), Wjgtcni ;2(;) kid Wjgtcni ;3(0)1 (0) tbj nod prnvcscnis
tbkt gnitkci khjidhjits `y kddctcni ocaj Wjgtcni 4, Wjgtcni 5, Wjgtcni =,
Wjgtcni ;;, Wjgtcni ;0(;), Wjgtcni ;0(0), Wjgtcni ;0(7), Wjgtcni ;7 kid
Wjgtcni ;3(;)1 (7) tbj nod prnvcscnis wbjrj wnrds kid pbrksjs wjrj khjidj
khjidjdd
;;
`y djojtcni ocaj Wjgtcni 0 kid Wjgtcni ;:1 kid (4) tbj nod prnvcscni
prnvcscniss tbkt
rjhkcijd citkgt
citkgt ocaj Wjgtcni ;, Wjgtcni 7(;), Wjgtcni :, Wjgtcni 3, Wjgtcni ;6,
Wjgtcni 06, Wjgtcni 0;, kid Wjgtcni 00.
;;
Tbj @coo ne Pcmbts ci tbj ;32= Gnistctutcni trkgjs cts `jmciicim tn
@rctkciÚ
Pcmbts nes;523.
;523 Djgokrktcni
Tbj @coo ne ne Pcmbts
Pcmbts ne tbkt
;523oktjr ni `jgkhjkhnim
rjgnmiczjd, ainwintbjrs,
ks @cootbj
ne
rcmbt ne tbj su`ljgts tn pjtctcni tbj acim, tbj erjj jojgtcni ne hjh`jrs ne
Vkrockhjit, tbj erjjdnh ne spjjgb kid dj`ktjs ci Vkrockhjit, tbj prnbc`ctcni
kmkcist jxgjsscvj `kco kid jxgjsscvj ecijs kid tbj ini-cieocgtcni ne grujo kid
uicvjrsko puicsbhjit.
Tbj @coo ne Pcmbts ne ;523 cieoujigjd tbj cigouscni ne @coo ne Pcmbts ci
tbj Wtk
Wtktj
tj Gni
Gnistc
stctu
tutcn
tcnis
is ne Hks
Hksskg
skgbu
busjt
sjtts,
ts, Ij
Ijw
w Ljr
Ljrsjy
sjy,, ki
kidd Ucr
Ucrmci
mcikk ki
kidd
ecikooy tbj citrndugtcni ne tbj ecrst ;6 khjidhjits tn tbj Z.W. Gnistctutcni
wbcgb krj inw ainwi ks tbj @coo ne Pcmbts ne ;=3;.
Gnhprjbjiscvj Kmrjjhjit ni Pjspjgt enr Buhki Pcmbts

kid Citjriktcniko Buhkictkrcki Okw
Tbcs cs tbj ecrst su`stkitcvj kmrjjhjit scmijd `y tbj Ijmntcktcim Vkijos
ne tbj Mnvjrihjit ne tbj Pjpuòcg ne tbj Vbcocppcijs kid tbj Iktcniko
Djhngrktcg Ernit ni Hkrgb ;5, ;332 ci Tbj Bkmuj, Tbj Ijtbjrokids. Ct tnna
hkiy yjkrs ne pjkgj tkoas `jtwjji tbj twn (0) Vkijos kt vkrcnus vjiujs kt
Tbj Ijtbjrokids kid ne gnisuotktcnis wctb tbjcr prcigcpojs `jenrj tbj drket
wks gnhpojtjd kid scmijd.
Tbcs Gnhprjbjiscvj Kmrjjhjit gniscsts ne sjvji (=) pkrts. Tbjy krj<
(;) tbj Vrjkhòj
V rjkhòj wbcgb citrndugjs
citrndugjs tbj Kmrjjhji
Kmrjjhjitt kid krtcguoktjs tbj rjksnis
enr kid tbj citjitcni ne tbj pkrtcjs ci jitjrcim citn tbj Kmrjjhjit1 (0)
Djgokrktcni ne Vrcigcpojs1 (7) @ksjs, Wgnpj, kid Kppocgk`cocty1 (4) Pjspjgt
enr Buhki Pcmbts1 (:) Pjspjgt enr Citjriktcni
Citjriktcniko
ko Buhkictkrcki Okw1 (5) Lncit
Hnictnrcim Gnhhcttjj1 kid (=) Eciko Vrnvcscnis.
Tbj tb
Tbj tbrj
rjjj (7
(7)) pr
prci
ciggcp
cpoj
ojss ne buhk
hkii rcm oy,, uicvjrskocty,
cmbbts, ikhjoy
cidcvcsc`cocty,, kid citjrdjpjidjigj krj jiuigcktjd ci tbj Kmrjjhjit tbrnumb
cidcvcsc`cocty
iuhjrnus rcmbts ocaj tbj rcmbt ne tbj pjnpoj tn nppnsj npprjsscni kid
tyrkiiy1 tbj rcmbt ne tbj vcgtchs kid tbjcr ekhcocjs tn kdjquktj gnhpjisktcni
kid cidjhicecgktcni, rjstctutcni, kid rjbk`coctktcni1 tbj rcmbt tn jeejgtcvj
skigtcnis kid mukrkitjjs kmkcist rjpjtctcni ne buhki rcmbts vcnoktcnis kid
chpuicty1 tbj rcmbt kmkcist suhhkry jxjgutcnis (skovkmcim) kid civnouitkry
dcskppjkrkigjs1 tbj rcmbt int tn `j su`ljgtjd tn pbyscgko nr hjitko tnrturj,
snoctkry gniecijhjit, rkpj, kid sjxuko kùsj1 tbj jquko rcmbt ne wnhji ci koo
ecjods
bnhj1netbjjidjkvnr1
rcmbts ne tbj rcmbt ne gbcodrji kid dcskòjd tn prntjgtcni, gkrj kid k
hcinrcty
GBKVTJP 7
GCUCO KID VNOCTCGKO PCMBTW (ECPWT
MJIJPKTCNI NE PCMBTW)
gnhhuictcjs ci tbj Vbcocppcijs tn kutninhy, tn tbjcr kigjstrko okids kid tbj

ikturko rjsnurgjs ci tbjsj okids, jtg.

Krtcgoj 7 tn Krtcgoj 0; ne tbj Djgokrktcni gnitkcis tbj gktkonmuj ne gcvco
kid pnoctcgko rcmbts ne tbj ecrst mjijrktcni. Tbjsj krj tbj rcmbt tn ocej, oc`jrty,
kid sjgurcty1 erjjdnh ernh sokvjry kid sjrvctudj1 erjjdnh ernh tnrturj kid
cibuhki trjkthjit
trjkthjit nr puicsbhj
puicsbhjit1it1 tbj rcmbt tn rjgnmictcni ks k pjrsni `jenrj
tbj okw1 erjjdnh ernh kr`ctrkry krrjst, djtjitcni nr jxcoj1 tbj rcmbt tn jquko
prntjgtcni ne tbj okw1 tbj rcmbt tn ki jeejgtcvj
jeejgtcvj rjhjdy1 tbj rcmbt tn k ekcr trcko1
tbj rcmbt tn prcvkgy1 erjjdnh ne hnvjhjit kid rjscdjigj1 tbj rcmbt tn
iktcnikocty1 erjjdnh ne tbnumbt, gnisgcjigj kid rjocmcni1 erjjdnh ne npcicni
kid jxprjsscni1 erjjdnh ne kssjhòy kid kssngcktcni1 tbj rcmbt tn prnpjrty1
tbj rcmbt tn pkrtcgcpktj ci mnvjrihjit, jtg. ( Drzjwcgac
Drzjwcgac,, ;333, p. =7).
Citjriktcniko Gnvjikit ni Gcvco kid Vnoctcgko Pcmbts

Tbcs Gnvjikit wks kdnptjd uikichnusoy `y ;65 Wtktjs kid jitjrjd
citn enrgj ci ;3=5. Ct cs dcvcdjd citn k Vrjkhòj kid scx (5) pkrts. Vkrts C tn
CCCC (K
CC (Krt
rtcg
cgoj
ojss ; tn 0=
0=)) gn
gnit
itkc
kcii ko
kooo su
su`s
`stk
tkit
itcv
cvjj rc
rcmb
mbts
ts ki
kidd sn
snhj
hj mjmjij
ijrk
rkoo
prnvcscnis ocaj prnbc`ctcni ne dcsgrchcik
dcsgrchciktcni
tcni kid hcsusj, mjidjr jqukocty, k
djrnmktcnis kid k skvcims gokusj. Vkrts CU tn UC (Krtcgojs 02 tn :7) gnitkci
tbj citjriktcniko hnictnrcim prnvcscnis, snhj prcigcpojs ne citjrprj
citjrprjtktcni
tktcni kid
eciko gokusjs (Inwka, ;333, pp. 24-2:).
Tbj ci
Tbj cidc
dcvc
vcdu
duko
ko rc
rcmb
mbts
ts ji
jiuh
uhjr
jrkt
ktjd
jd ci Vk
Vkrt
rt CC
CCCC ci
cigo
goud
udjj rc
rcmb
mbtt tn oc
ocej
ej
(Krtcgoj 5), tbj prnbc`ctcni ne tnrturj kid cibuhki prcsni gnidctcnis (Krtcgojs
=kid
kidsjgurcty,
;6), tbjcigoudcim
prnbc`ctcni ne sokvjryne(Krtcgoj
prnbc`ctcni 2),enr
djtjitcni tbjdj`t
rcmbt(Krtcgojs
tn pjrsniko oc`jrty
3 kid ;;),
erjjdnh ne hnvjhjit kid prntjgtcni ne kocjis kmkcist kr`ctrkry jxpuoscni
(Krtc
(K rtcgoj
gojss ;0 ki
kidd ;7)
;7),, pr
prng
ngjdu
jdurkrkoo mu
mukr
krkit
kitjj
jjss ci gcv
gcvco
co ki
kidd gr
grchc
chcik
ikoo trc
trckos
kos
cigoud
cigoudcim
cim prn
prnbc`
bc`ctc
ctcni
ni ne rjrjtrn
trnkg
kgtcv
tcvjj grc
grchci
hciko
ko okw
okwss (Kr
(Krtcg
tcgojs
ojs ;4 ki
kidd ;:
;:),
),
rjgnmictcnii ne ojmko pjrsnik
rjgnmictcn pjrsnikocty
octy (Krtcgoj ;5), jtg. (p. 2:).
Tbj ecrst Nptcniko Vrntngno tn tbj Gnvjikit wbcgb prnvcdjs enr tbj
pnssc`cocty ne cidcvcduk
cidcvcdukoo gnhpokci
gnhpokcits
ts wks kdnptjd `y 55 tn 0 vntjs, wctb 72
k`stjitcnis.
k`stjitcni s. Ni Djgjh`j
Djgjh`jrr ;:, ;323, k sjgnid Nptcniko Vrntngno kchjd kt tbj
k`noctcni ne tbj djktb pjikoty wks kdnptjd `y :3 tn 02 vntjs, wctb 42
k`stjitcnis (pp. 27-24).
Pjkdcims<
;7
Nrqucnok vs. Tkidkim Wnrk Djvjonphjit Gnrpnrktcni,
Gnrpnrktcni, 725
WGPK 76; (0660)
Wtnijbcoo vs. Dcnain,
Dcnain, 06 WGPK 727 (;35=)
Mnvjrihjit ne Bnimanim vs. Nokock,
Nokock, M.P. In. ;:72=:, Kprco ;3, 066=
Tchj, Cig. vs. Bcoo, 72: Z.W. 7=4 (;35=)
Budmji vs. Iktcniko Ok`nr Pjoktcnis @nkrd, 404 Z.W. :6=

(;3=5)
Gbkptjr 4
JGNINHCG, WNGCKO, KID GZOTZPKO

PCMBTW (WJGNID MJIJPKTCNI NE
PCMBTW)
Wngcko Lustcgj kid Buhki Pcmbts

ci Tbj ;32= Gnistctutcni
Tbj Krtcgoj ni Wngcko Lustcgj kid Buhki Pcmbts cs ki ciinvktcni ci tbj
;32= Gnistctutcni. Ct cs int enuid ci prjvcnus Vbcocppcij Gnistctutcnis. Ct
gnitkcis k rcgb civjitnry ne jgninhcg, sngcko kid guoturko rcmbts ocaj rcmbts ne
koo wnrajrs tn sjoe-nrmkiczktcni, gnoojgtcvj `krmkcicim, kid ijmntcktcnis, kid
pjkgjeuoo gnigjrtj
pjkgjeu gnigjrtjdd kgtcvctcjs1 rcmbt tn sjgurcty ne tjiurj, buhkij gnidctcnis
ne wnra, kid k ocvcim wkmj1 rcmbt tn kmrkrcki kid ikturko rjsnurgjs rjenrh1
rcmbt tn ur`ki okid rjenrh kid bnuscim1 rcmbt tn bjkotb1 kid rcmbt ne wnracim
wnhji `y prnvcdcim tbjh skej kid bjkotbeuo wnracim gnidctcnis.
Wngcko lustcgj cs int djecijd ci tbj ;32= Gnistctutcni. @ut
Gnhhcsscnijr Tjrjsk Icjvk, Gbkcrpjrsni ne tbj Gnhhcttjj ni Wngcko Lustcgj
ci tb
tbjj ;3
;325
25 Gn
Gnis
istc
tctu
tutc
tcni
niko
ko Gn
Gnhh
hhcscssc
scni
ni,, sk
skcd
cd tb
tbkt
kt sn
sngc
gcko
ko lu
lust
stcg
cgjj cs tb
tbjj
gjitjrpcjgj ne tbj ;32= Gnistctutcni kid rcmbts, dcmicty, kid pkrtcgcpktcni
rjhkci coousnry wctbnut sngcko lustcgj. Ct wks Lnsj V. Okurjo, ci Gkokokim vs.
]coockhs (=6 Vbco. =05), wbn djecijd sngcko lustcgj ks ‟ijctbjr gnhhuicsh
inr djspntcsh, int ktnhcsh, inr kikrgby, ùt tbj buhkiczktcni ne okws kid
tbj jqukoczktcni ne sngcko kid jgninhcg enrgjs `y tbj Wtktj sn tbkt lustcgj ci
cts rktcniko kid n`ljgtcvjoy sjguokr gnigjptcn cnii hky kt ojkst `j
kpprnxchktjdÃ. ×
ckooTbj
Wngck
Wng cigouscni
Lustcggj kidne B
ustc tbj sjgnid
uhk
uh ki Pc mjijr
mjijrktcni
Pcmb ts ktcni
mbts ne Tne
bjrcmbts
;32=enuid
Gniici
Gn stctbj
tctutcnnKrtcgoj
tutc i cs niki
kgainwojdmhjit ne cts jqukooy chpnrtkit stktus vcs-˅ -vcs tbj ecrst mjijrktcni
ne rcmbts.
;:
Tbj Djgokrktcni cs int nioy k rjpnsctnry ne tbj ecrst mjijrktcni ne rcmbts
ùt kosn ne tbj sjgnid mjijrktcn
mjijrktcnii ne rcmbts. Krtcgojs 00 tn 0= jiuhjrk
jiuhjrktjs
tjs
tbjsj rcmbts ks tbj rcmbt tn sngcko sjgurcty, tbj rcmbt tn wnra, tbj rcmbt tn rjst
kid ojcsurj, tbj rcmbt tn ki kdjquktj stkidkrd ne ocvcim, tbj rcmbt tn jdugktcni
kid tbj rcmbt tn pkrtcgcpktj ci tbj guoturko ocej (Drzjwcgac
Drzjwcgac,, ;33=, p. =7).
;:
Tbj sjgnid mjijrktcni ne rcmbts ci tbj Djgokrktcni bks sjrvjd ks ki
cisp
cispcr
crkt
ktcn
cnik
ikoo tn
tnno
no en
enrr rj
rjmc
mcni
niko
ko bu
buhk
hkii rcrcmb
mbts
ts ci
cist
stru
ruhj
hjititss ki
kidd ik
iktc
tcni
niko
ko
gnistctutcnis. Tbj Kercgki Gbkrtjr ni Buhki kid VjnpojÚ s Pcmbts prntjgts
tbj rcmbt tn wnra ci Krtcgoj ;:, tbj rcmbt tn bjkotb ci Krtcgoj ;5, kid tbj rcmbt
tn jdugktcni ci Krtcgoj ;=. Tbj Jurnpjki Wngcko Gbkrtjr rjgnmiczjs rcmbt tn
wnra, tn ekvnrkòj wnracim gnidctcnis, tbj rcmbt tn lnci trkdj uicnis kid tn
tkaj
rcmbt gnoojgtcvj ok`nr ci cigoudcim
tn sngcko sjgurcty, Krtcgoj ; tn
tbj;6, tbjtnrcmbt
rcmbt tn bjkotb
hjdcgko ci Krtcgoj
ksscstkigj ;;, tbj
kid rcmbt tn
sngcko wjoekrj sjrvcgjs ci Krtcgojs ;0 tn ;4.
Citjriktcniko Gnvjikit ni Jgninhcg, Wngcko, kid Guoturko

Pcmbts
Tbcs Gnvjikit cs tbj scstjr gnvjikit ne tbj Citjriktcniko Gnvjikit ni
Gcvc
Gcvcoo ki
kidd Vn
Vnoc
octcg
tcgko
ko Pc
Pcmb
mbts
ts.. Tb
Tbjj tw
twnn (0
(0)) sc
scst
stjr
jr gn
gnvj
vjik
ikit
itss wj
wjrj
rj kd
kdnp
nptj
tjdd
uikichnusoy `y ;65 Wtktjs.
Tbj Gnvjikit gniscsts ne 7; Krtcgojs gnitkcijd ci scx (5) sjgtcnis< tbj
Vrjkhòj kid Vkrts C tn U. Tbj hjkt ne tbj Gnvjikit cs enuid ci Vkrt CCC tbkt
ocsts tbj rcmbts
tbj rcmbt tn ekcrtngnidctcnis
`j prntjgtjd. Tbjsj rcmbts (Krtcgoj
ne jhponyhjit krj tbj rcmbt tn wnra
=), tbj
=), (Krtcgoj
rcmbt tn 5),
5),
lnci kid
enrh trkdj uicnis (Krtcgoj 2),2), tbj rcmbt tn sngcko sjgurcty (Krtcgoj 3),
3), tbj rcmbt
tn prntjgtcni ne tbj ekhcoy (Krtcgoj ;6),;6), tbj rcmbt tn ki kdjquktj stkidkrd ne
ocvcim, cigoudcim tbj rcmbt tn ennd, gontbcim kid bnuscim (Krtcgoj ;;), ;;), tbj rcmbt
bjkotbb (Krtcgoj ;0),
tn bjkot ;0), tbj rcmbt
rcmbt tn jd
jdug
ugktc ni (Krtcgoj ;7),
ktcni ;7), kid tbj rcmbt tn
guoturj (Krtcgoj ;:) (Grkvji
Grkvji,, ;333, p. ;67).
Wjvjrko citjriktcniko cistruhjits keecrh tbjsj rcmbts hjitcnijd ci tbj
Gnvjikit. Tbjsj cistruhjits cigoudj tbj Citjriktcniko Gnivjitcni ni tbj
Pcmbts ne tbj Gbcod (Krtcgojs 04-7;)1
04-7;)1 tbj Gnivjitcni ni tbj Jochciktcni ne
Kooo En
Ko Enrh
rhss ne DcDcsg
sgrc
rchc
hcik
iktc
tcni
ni Km
Kmkc
kcis
istt ]n hjii (Kr
]nhj (Krtcg
tcgoj
oj ;) ki
kidd gj
gjrtk
rtkci
ci
cistruhjits ne tbj Citjriktcniko
Ok`nr Nrmkiczktcni (CON). Pjgnmictcni cs mcvji tn jgninhcg, sngcko
GBKVTJP 4
JGNINHCG, WNGCKO, KID GZOTZPKO PCMBTW (WJGNID
MJIJPKTCNI NE PCMBTW)
kid guoturko rcmbts ci tbj Kercgki Gbkrtjr ni Buhki kid VjnpojÚ s Pcmbts
kid ci tbj Jurnpjki Wngcko Gbkrtjr (JWG) (p. ;64).
Pjkdcims<
LHH Vrnhntcnis kid Hkikmjhjit, Cig. vs. Gnurt ne Kppjkos,
Kppjkos,
056 WGPK 7;3 (;335)
@jrikrdn vs. IOPG, M.P. In. ;003;=, Luoy ;0, ;333

Gkokokim vs. ]coockhs,
]coockhs, =6 Vbco. =05 (;346)
Vbco. Hjrgbkit Hkrcij Wgbnno, Cig. vs. Gnurt ne Kppjkos
Kppjkos,, 044 WGPK
==6 (;33:)
HHDK vs. Gnigjrijd Pjscdjits ne Hkicok @ky,
@ky, M.P. Ins. ;=;34=-42,
Djgjh`jr ;2, 0662
;=
Gbkptjr :
Vjkgj, Djvjonphjit, Jivcrnihjit

Pcmbt tn pjkgj `jonims tn tbj gktjmnry ne snocdkrcty/gnoojgtcvj rcmbts. Ct
cs uicvjrskooy rjgnmiczjd tbkt pjnpojs ne tbj jkrtb bkvj k skgrjd rcmbt tn
pjkgj kid tbkt tbj prjsjrvk
prjsjrvktcni
tcni ne tbj rcmbt ne pjnpojs tn pjkgj kid tbj
prnhntcni ne cts chpojhji
chpojhjitktcni
tktcni gnistctutj k euidkhj
euidkhjitko
itko nòcmktcni ne jkgb
Wtktj (Djgokrktcni ni tbj Pcmbt ne Vjnpojs tn Vjkgj, ;324).
Gnieocgts ne ki citjriktcniko gbkrkgtjr kid ini-citjriktcniko gbkrkgtjr
bkvj rjsuotjd ci hcoocnis ne gksukotcjs kid bkvj gkusjd uitnod sueejrcims tn
pjnpojs ne tbj wnrod. Kotbnumb tbj iuh`jr ne gnieocgts ne ki citjriktcn
citjriktcniko
iko
gbkrkgtjr bks djgocijd scigj ]nrod ]kr CC, ct cs jstchktjd tbkt gnieocgts ne k
ini-
ini-ci
citj
tjri
rikt
ktcn
cnik
ikoo gb
gbkr
krkg
kgtj
tjr,
r, ci
citj
tjri
riko
ko gn
gnie
ieoc
ocgt
gtss ki
kidd ty
tyrk
rkii
iicg
cgko
ko rj
rjmc
mchj
hj
vcgtchczktcni durcim tbj gnursj ne tbj twjitcjtb gjitury bkvj rjsuotjd ci
hnrj tbki ;=6 hcoocni djktbs (@ksscnuic
@ksscnuic,, ;335, p. 700).
Citjriktcniko cistruhjits rjoktjd tn pjkgj cigoudj tbj ZI
Citjriktcniko
Djgokrktcni ni Vrcigcpojs ne Citjriktcniko Okw Gnigjricim Ercjidoy
Pjoktcnis kid Gnnpjrktcni Khnim Wtktjs, ZI Mjijrk
Mjijrkoo Kssjhòy Pjsnoutcni
Pjsnoutcni
77/=7 Djgokrktcni ni tbj Vrjpkrktcni ne Wngcjtcjs enr Ocej ci Vjkgj (;3=2),
Djgokrktcni ni tbj Pcmbt ne Vjnpojs tn Vjkgj ne
;324, ZIMK Pjsnoutcni :=/0;5 Vrnhntcni ne tbj Pcmbt ne Vjnpojs tn Vjkgj
(0660), ZIMK Pjsnoutcni 4:/;4 Chpojhjitktcni ne tbj Pcmbt ne Vjnpojs tn
Vjkgj (;336).
Pcmbt tn djvjonphjit cs kintbjr jxkhpoj ne k snocdkrcty/ gnoojgtcvj
rcmbt.
rcmbt. Dj
Djvj
vjonp
onphji
hjitt cs k gn
gnhp
hprjb
rjbji
jiscv
scvjj jg
jgnin
ninhcg
hcg,, sng
sngcko
cko,, gu
guotu
oturko
rko ki
kidd
pnoctcgko prngjss wbcgb kchs kt tbj gnistkit chprnvj
chprnvjhjit
hjit ne tbj wjoo-`jcim
ne tbj jitcrj pnpuoktcni kid ne koo cidcvcdukos tbrnumb tbjcr hjkicimeuo
pkrtcgcpktcnii (Djgokrktcni ni tbj Pcmbt tn Djvjonph
pkrtcgcpktcn Djvjonphjit,
jit, ;325). Khkrtyk Wji
djecijs ct ks k
;2
prngjss ne jxpkidci
jxpkidcimm tbj erjjdnhs tbkt pjnpoj jilny kid rjqucrjs tbj
rjhnvko ne hklnr snurgjs ne uierjjdnh ocaj pnvjrty, tyrkiiy, pnnr jgninhcg
nppnrtu
npp nrtuictcj
ictcjs,
s, systj
systjhktc
hktcgg sngc
sngcko
ko djp
djprcvk
rcvktcni,
tcni, ijm
ijmojgt
ojgt ne può
puòcg
cg ekg
ekgcoctcj
coctcjs,
s,
citnojrkigj nr nvjrkgtcvcty ne rjprjsscvj stktjs ( @kruk-Skp
@kruk-Skp,, 0667, p. 0==).
Vnvjrty jh`rkgjs
kid djicjd tbj spjgtruh ne gnidctcnis wbjrj erjjdnhs krj dchcicsbjd
(p. 0=2).
Tbj rcmbt tn djvjonphjit wks prngokchjd ci tbj ZI Djgokrktcni ni tbj
Pcmbt tn Djvjonphjit (;325). Ct cs kosn rjgnmiczjd ci tbj Kercgki Gbkrtjr ni
Buhki Pcmbts kid VjnpojÚ s Pcmbts kid tbj Krk` Gbkrtjr ni Buhki Pcmbts.
Ct cs rj-k-keeecr
crh
hjd ci ci cisstr
truuhjititss oca
cajj tb
tbjj ;330 Pcn Djgok okrk
rktc
tcni
ni ni
Jivc
Ji vcrn
rnih
ihji
jitt kikidd Dj
Djvj
vjon
onph
phji jit,
t, tb
tbjj ;3
;337
37 UcUcjijiik
ik DjDjgo
gokr
krkt
ktcn
cnii ki
kidd
Vrnmrkhhj ne Kgtcni, tbj Hcoojiicuh
Djgo
Dj gokr
krkt
ktcn
cni,
i, tb tbjj 06
0660
60 Hn
Hnit itjr
jrjy
jy GnGnisisji
jisu
sus,
s, tb
tbjj 06
066:
6: ]n]nro
rodd Wu
Wuhh
hhctct
Nutgnhj Dnguhjit kid tbj 066= Djgokrktcni ni tbj Pcmbts ne Cidcmjinus
Vjnpojs (Tbj Pcmbt tn Djvjonphjit kt k mokigj, bttp<//
www.ui.nrm/ji/jvjits QKggjssjd ni Ngtn`jr :, 06;7 Jd.X Jd.X).
).
Tbj rcmbt tn jivcrnihj
jivcrnihjit
it cs sjji tndky ks ki chpnrtkit rcmbt `jgkusj ne
mon`ko
mon` ko wkr
wkrhcim
hcim,, goch
gochktj
ktj gbk
gbkimj,
imj, tbj dkhk
dkhkmcim
mcim jee
jeejgts
jgts ne jiv
jivcrni
crnihjit
hjitko
ko
pnooutcni ni buhki `jcims kid tbj djmrkdktcni ne tbj wnrodÚ s jivcrnihjit
tbkt cigoudjs okid, wktjr kid kcr. @ut tbj mon`ko rjgnmictcni tbkt buhki rcmbts
kid jivcrnihjitko prntjgtcni krj gniijgtjd kid tbkt hki bks k euidkhjitko
rcmbt tn ki jivcrnihjit tbkt pjrhcts k ocej ne dcmicty kid wjoo-`jcim `jgkhj
jxpoc
jx pocgct
gct ni
nioy
oy ci ;3=
;3=00 kt tbj Wtn
Wtnga
gabn
bnoh
oh Gni
Gniejejrj
rjigj
igj.. Tbc
Tbcss gn
gnie
iejrj
jrjigj
igj cs
gniscdjrjd ki chpnrtkit stkrtcim pncit ci djvjonpcim jivcrnihjitko okw kt
tbj mon`ko kid iktcniko ojvjos. Vrcigcpoj ; ne tbj Wtngabnoh Djgokrktcni
ociajd jivcrnihjitko prntjgtcni kid buhki rcmbts `y stktcim tbkt Ð QHXki
bks tbj euidkhjitko rcmbt tn erjjdnh, jqukocty kid kdjquktj gnidctcnis ne
ocej, ci kid
`jcim, ki jivcrnihjit
bj `jkrs k ne k qukocty
snojhi tbkt pjrhcts
octy tnk prntjgt
rjspnisc`cocty
rjspnisc`c ocej ne dcmicty kid wjoo-
kid chprnvj tbj
jivc
ji vcrn
rnih
ihji
jitt en
enrr pr
prjs
jsji
jitt ki
kidd eu
eutu
turj
rj mj
mjij
ijrk
rktc
tcni
nis.
s.×
× TnTndkdky,
y, tb
tbjj rc
rcmb
mbtt tn
jivc
ji vcrn
rnih
ihji
jitt cs dc dcrj
rjgt
gtoy
oy hj
hjititcn
cnij
ijdd ci tbtbjj CiCitj
tjri
rikt
ktcn
cnik
ikoo Gn
Gnvjvjik
ikit
it ni
Jgninhcg, Wngcko kid Guoturko Pcmbts ci Krtcgoj ;0(0) wbcgb stktjs tbkt Ð
QTXbj stjps tn `j tkaji `y tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs tn tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit tn
kgbcjvj tbj euoo rjkoczktcni ne tbcs rcmbt sbkoo cigoudj tbnsj ijgjsskry enr Ã
(`) Tbj chprnvjhjit ne koo kspjgts ne jivcrnihjitko kid cidustrcko bymcjij×
(Tbjj Pcm
(Tb Pcmbt
bt tn K Bj Bjkot
kotby
by Jiv
Jivcrn
crnihj
ihjit,
it, btt
bttp</
p<//ww
/www;w;.uh
.uhi.
i. jdu
jdu/bu
/buhki
hkirts
rts
QKggjssjd ni Ngtn`jr 4, 06;7 Jd.X Jd.X).
).
Wnhj trjktcjs tbkt gnitkci jivcrnihjitko nòcmktcnis enr Wtktjs cigoudj
tbj ;3=0 ]nrod Bjrctkmj Gnivjitcni, tbj ;32: Ucjiik Gnivjitcni,
Gnivjitcni, tbj ;32=
Hnitrjko Vrntngno ni Wu`stkigjs tbkt Djpojtj tbj Nznij Okyjr, tbj ;323
@ksj
@ksjoo Gn
Gniv
ivji
jitc
tcni
ni ni tb
tbjj Gn
Gnit
itrn
rnoo ne Tr
Trki
kis`
s`nu
nuid
idkr
kryy Hn
Hnvj
vjhj
hjit
itss ne
GBKVTJP : ;3
WNOCDKPCTS/GNOOJGTCUJ
Bkzkrdnus ]kstjs kid Tbjcr Dcspnsko, tbj ;330 Gnivjitcni ni @cnonmcgko

Dcvjrscty (Tbj Pcmbt tn K Bjkotby Jivcrnihjit,
bttp<//www;.uhi.jdu/buhkirts QKggjssjd ni Ngtn`jr 4, 06;7 Jd.X
Jd.X).
).
]nhji, Gbcodrji, Vjrsnis ]ctb Dcsk`coctcjs, Cidcmjinus

Vjnpojs ]nhji
]nhji, gbcodrji, pjrsnis wctb dcsk`coctcjs kid cidcmjinus pjnpojs krj
khnim tbj wnrodÚ s vuoijrkòj, dcskdvkitkmjd kid hkrmcikoczjd mrnups ne
pjnpoj nr sjgtnrs.
sjgtnrs. Tbjy bkvj
bkvj rcmbts ùt tbjsj
tbjsj krj vcnoktjd.
vcnoktjd.
]nhji, tbnumb tbjy gnhprcsj nij-bkoe ne buhkicty, ekgj pjrscstjit
kid wcdjsprjkd djicko ne tbjcr `kscg rcmbts. Tbcs djicko rjstrcgt tbjcr gbncgjs,
cigrjksj tbjcr vuoijrk`cocty tn vcnojigj kid hkaj ct dceecguot enr tbjh tn
n`tkci lustcgj. Jxkhpojs ne tbcs djicko cigoudj nvjr bkoe k hcoocni wnhji
gnitciuj tn dcj jkgb yjkr ernh prjmiki
prjmikigygy kid gbcod`crtb-rj
gbcod`crtb-rjoktjd
oktjd gkusjs1 rktjs
ne BCU ciejgtcni khnim wnhji krj rkpcdoy cigrjkscim pkrtoy `jgkusj ne tbjcr
jgninhcg kid sngcko vuoijrk`cocty, mjidjr-`ksjd vcnojigj acoos kid dcskòjs
ks hkiy wnhji `jtwjji tbj kmjs ;: kid 44 ks gkigjr1 wnhji krj twcgj ks
ocajoy ks hji tn `j cooctjrktj1 wnhji stcoo jkri ojss tbki hji, jvji enr schcokr
acids ne wnra kid hkiy gnuitrcjs tbkt bkvj rktcecjd tbj Gnivjitcni ni tbj
Jochciktcni ne Koo Enrhs ne Dcsgrchciktcni Kmkcist ]nhji (GJDK]) stcoo
bkvj dcsgrchciktnry okws mnvjricim hkrrckmj, okid, prnpjrty kid cibjrctkigj
(Tbj
(T bj BuBuhk
hkii Pc
Pcmb
mbts
ts ne ]n ]nhj
hji<
i< Kd
Kdvkvkig
igci
cimm Bu
Buhkhkii Pc
Pcmb
mbts
ts<< ZI
ZIEVK
EVK,,
bttp<//ww
bttp<//www.ui
w.uiepk.
epk.nrm
nrm// rcmb
rcmbts/wn
ts/wnhji.bth QK
hji.bth QKgg
ggjs
jssj
sjdd ni Ng
Ngtn`
tn`jr
jr :, 06
06;7
;7
Jd.X).
Jd.X ).
Tbj gnrj citjriktcniko buhki rcmbts cistruhjits tbkt pjrtkci tn wnhji
kid tbjcr rcmbts krj Tbj Djgokrktcni ni tbj Jochciktcni ne Dcsgrchciktcni
Kmkci
cist
st ]nhji, Gn Gniivjit
itcn
cnii ni tb tbjj Jo
Joch
chci
cikktc
tcnni ne Koo En Enrh
rhss ne
Dcsgr
Dcsgrchc
chcik
iktcn
tcnii Km
Kmkci
kcist
st ]n
]nhjhji,
i, Gni
Gnivji
vjitcn
tcnii ni tbj VnoVnoctc
ctcgk
gkoo Pcm
Pcmbt
btss ne
]nhj
]n hjii ki
kidd DjDjgo
gokr
krkt
ktcn
cnii ni tbtbjj Vr
Vrnt
ntjg
jgtcn
tcnii ne ]n]nhj hjii ki
kidd Gb
Gbco
codr
drji
ji ci
Jhjrmjigy kid Krhjd Gnieocgt.
Gbcodrji
Kotbnumb tbjy krj tbj wnrodÚ s euturj, gbcodrji kgrnss tbj mon`j krj
djicj
djicjdd tbj
tbjcr
cr rcm
rcmbts
bts.. Tbj
Tbjyy kr
krjj jxp
jxpon
onctj
ctjd,
d, k`
kùsj
usjd,
d, hk
hkotr
otrjk
jktjd
tjd,, dj
djpr
prcvj
cvjdd ne
jdugktcni,, snod, su`ljgtjd tn grujo hjtbnds ne puicsbhj
jdugktcni puicsbhjit, it, kid dcsgrchciktj
dcsgrchciktjdd
kmkcist. Tbjsj gbcodrji krj tbj strjjtgbcodrji, gbcod wnrajrs, gbcod `rcdjs,
gbcod
gbcod gn
gnh`k
h`ktki
tkits,
ts, gbgbcod
cod k`
k`dug
dugtjj
tjjs,
s, gb
gbcod
cod nee
neeji
jidjr
djrss ocv
ocvcim
cim ocv
ocvjs
js wct
wctbn
bnut
ut
pkrnoj, gbcod rjeumjj
rjeumjj kid gbcodrji wctbnut
wctbnut jdugktcni.
jdugktcni.
Gbco
coddrji ks buhkhkii `j`jci
cimms bkvj rcm cmbbts kid `jgkusj ne tb tbjjcr
vuoijrk`cocty krj ci ijjd ne spjgcko gkrj, kttjitcni kid prntjgtcni. Tbj euoo
rkimj ne buhki rcmbts tbkt gbcodrji sbnuod jilny cs enuid ci tbj Gnivjitcni
ni tbj Pcmbts ne tbj Gbcod, tbj ecrst ojmkooy `cidcim citjriktcniko cistruhjit
ni gbcodrjiÚ s rcmbts. Tbcs Gnivjitcni jiuhjrktjs tbrjj (7) `kscg rcmbts tbkt
gbcodrji jvjrywbjrj sbnuod bkvj, ikhjoy, tbj rcmbt tn survcvko, tbj rcmbt tn
djvjonp
jxpon
jxponctk tni,tbjki
ctktcn
tcni, kideuoojst,
d tn pk tn
pkrtc prntjgtcni
rtcgcp
gcpktj
ktj euooyernh
euooy bkrheuo
ci ek
ekhco
hcoy, cieoujigjs,
y, guo
guotur
turko kidd kùsj
ko ki cko kid
sngcko
sng ocejj
oce
(ZICGJE Gnivjitcni ni tbj Pcmbts ne tbj Gbcod, bttp<//www.uicgje.nrm/grg
QKggjssjd ni Ngtn`jr 4, 06;7 Jd.X Jd.X).
).
Tn prjvjit tbj mrnwcim kùsj kid jxponctktcni ne gbcodrji wnrodwcdj,
tbj ZI Mjijrko Kssjhòy ci 0666 kdnptjd twn (0) Nptcniko Vrntngnos tn tbj
Gnivjitcni.. Tbj ecrst cs tbj Nptcniko Vrntngno ni tbj civnovjhjit ne gbcodrji
Gnivjitcni
ci krhjd rjgructhjit kid rjqucrjs Wtktjs tn dn jvjrytbcim tbjy gki tn prjvjit
gbcodrji uidjr tbj kmj ne ;2 ernh tkacim dcrjgt pkrt ci bnstcoctcjs. Tbj sjgnid
cs tbj Nptcniko Vrntngno ni tbj skoj ne gbcodrji, gbcod prnstctutcni, kid gbcod
pnrinmrkpby
pnrinmrk pby tbkt drkws spjgcko kttjitcni tn tbj grchcikoczk
grchcikoczktcni
tcni ne sjrcnus
vcnoktcnis ne buhki rcmbts kid jhpbksczjs tbj ijjd enr puòcg kwkrjijss kid
citjriktcniko gnnpjrktcni tn gnh`kt tbjh
(C`cd.).
Vjrsnis ]ctb Dcsk`coctcjs (V]Ds)

Krtcgoj ; ne tbj ZI Gnivjitcni ni tbj Pcmbts ne Vjrsnis ]ctb
Dcsk`coctcjs (0662) djecijs pjrsnis wctb dcsk`coctcjs ks tbnsj Ð wbn bkvj
onim-tjrh pbyscgko, hjitko, citjoojgtuko nr sjisnry chpkcrhjits, wbcgb ci
citj
citjrk
rkgt
gtcn
cnii wc
wctb
tb vk
vkrc
rcnu
nuss `k
`krr
rrcj
cjrs
rs hk
hkyy bc
bcid
idjr
jr tb
tbjh
jh eueuoo
oo ki
kidd je
jeej
ejgt
gtcv
cvjj
pkrtcgcpktcnii ci sngcjty ni ki jquko `kscs wctb ntbjrs.× Pjpuòcg Kgt In.
pkrtcgcpktcn
== (Hkmik Gkrtk enr Dcskòjd Vjrsnis),
=0==
=0 Vjrsnis), ;330, djecijs tbjh ks ‟tbnsj
sueejrcim ernh rjstrcgtcni nr dceejrjit k`coctcjs, ks k rjsuot ne k hjitko,
pbyscgko
wctbci tbjnrrkimj
sjisnry chpkcrhjit,
chpkcrhji
gniscdjrjd t, tnenrpjrenrh
inrhko k buhkiki`jcim.×
kgtcvcty ci tbj hkiijr nr
Tbj Zictjd Iktcnis jstchktjs tbkt tbjrj krj :6 hcoocni V]Ds ci tbj
wnrod tndky. Duj tn wkr kid djstrugtcni, uibjkotby ocvcim gnidctcnis, nr tbj
k`sjigj ne ainwojdmj k`nut dcsk`cocty, cts gkusjs, prjvjitcni kid trjkthjit,
tbj iuh`jr cigrjksjs jvjry yjkr (Vjrsnis wctb Dcsk`coctcjs,
bttp<//www.brjk.nrm/cidj
bttp<//www.br x.pbp QKggjssjd ni Ngtn`jr 4, 06;7 Ö Ö Jd.X).
jk.nrm/cidjx.pbp Jd.X).
Tbj ]nrod Bjkotb Nrmkiczktcni (]BN) jstchktjs tbkt ;:% ne tbj wnrodÚ s
pnpuoktcni bks k dcsk`cocty kid tbj prjvkojig
prjvkojigjj cs bcmbjr ci pnst-gni
pnst-gnieocgt
eocgt
gnuitrcjs.
V]Ds sueejr ernh dcsgrchciktcni kid netji dn int jilny tbj skhj
nppnrtuictcjs ocaj ntbjr
Tbjsj vuoijrkòj mrnupspjnpoj `jgkusj
tbkt ekgj ne okga ne kggjss
dcsgrchciktcni tn jssjitcko
cigoudj sjrvcgjs.
wnhji, gbcodrji,
GBKVTJP : 0;
jodjrs, vcgtchs ne tnrturj, rjeumjjs, dcspokgjd pjrsnis kid chhcmrkit wnrajrs

(Vjrsn
(Vjrsnis
is wct
wctbb Dcs
Dcsk`
k`coc
coctcj
tcjs,
s, btt
bttp</
p</// www
www.br
.brjk
jk.nr
.nrm/c
m/cid
idjx.pbpp QKg
jx.pb QKggjs
gjssjd
sjd ni
Ngtn`jr 4, 06;7 Jd.X
Jd.X).
).
Tbj citjriktcniko cistruhjits kid dnguhjits tbkt pjrtkci tn V]Ds krj
Djgokrktcni ni tbj Pcmbts ne Hjitkooy Pjtkrdjd Vjrsnis (;3=;), Djgokrktcni
ni tbj Pcmbts ne Dcskòjd Vjrsnis (;3=:), Djgokrktcni ni tbj Pcmbts ne Djke-
@ocid Vjrsnis (;3=3), Gnivjitcni
In. (:3) gnigjr
gnigjricim
icim Ungktcnik
Ungktcnikoo Pjbk`coctk
Pjbk`coctktcni
tcni kid Jhponyhj
Jhponyhjitit (Dcskòjd
Vjrsnis, ;327), Vrcigcpojs enr tbj Vrntjgtcni ne Vjrsnis wctb Hjitko Cooijssjs
kidd tb
ki tbjj Ch
Chpr
prnv
nvjh
jhji
jitt ne Bj
Bjko
kotb
tb Gk
Gkrj
rj (;
(;33
33;)
;),, Wt
Wtki
kidk
dkrd
rd Pu
Puoj
oj ni tbtbjj
Jqukoczktcni ne Nppnrtuictcjs enr Vjrsnis wctb Dcsk`coctcjs (;337), @jclcim
Djgokrktcni ni tbj Pcmbts ne Vjnpoj wctb Dcsk`coctcjs (0666) kid Gnivjitcni
ni tbj Pcmbts ne Vjrsnis wctb Dcsk`coctcjs (066=).
Cidcmjinus Vjnpojs
Cidcmj
Cidcmjinu
inuss pj
pjnp
npojs
ojs krj tbn
tbnsj
sj tbk
tbktt bk
bkvj
vj bc
bcstn
stnrcg
rcgkoo
kooyy `j
`joni
onimj
mjdd tn k
pkrtcguokr rjmcni nr gnuitry `jenrj cts gnoniczk
gnoniczktcni
tcni nr trkisenrh
trkisenrhktcni
ktcni citn k
iktcni, stktj kid hky bkvj dceejrjit Û netji uicquj Û guoturko, ocimucstcg,
trkdctcniko, kid ntbjr gbkrkgtjrcstcgs tn tbnsj ne tbj dnhcikit guoturj ne tbkt
rjmcni nr stktj (Zictjd Iktcnis Vjrhkijit Enruh ni Cidcmjinus Cssujs,
`kocssujs. nrm/krtcgoj QKggjssjd ni Ngtn`jr 4, 06;7 Jd.X
bttp<//www.mon`kocssujs.
bttp<//www.mon Jd.X).
). Ci
06;6, tbjrj wjrj kpprnxchktjoy 7=6 hcoocni cidcmjinus pjnpoj spkiicim =6
gnuitrcjs wnrodwcdj.
Ci tbj Vbcocppcijs, cidcmjinus pjnpojs krj jstchktjd tn gnhprcsj ;6%
ne tbj pnpuoktcni ne k`nut ;66 hcoocni. Tbjy mjijrk
mjijrkooy
ooy ocvj ci mjnmrkpbcgkooy
csno
csnokt
ktjd
jd krkrjk
jkss wc
wctb
tb pn
pnnr
nr kg
kggj
gjss
ss tn `k `ksc
scgg sn
sngc
gcko
ko sjsjrv
rvcg
cgjs
js ki
kidd oc
ochc
hctj
tjdd
nppnrtuictcjs enr hkcistrjkh jgninhcg kgtcvctcjs. Tbjy okga jdugktcni kid
bkvj cikdjquktj pnoctcgko rjprjsjitktcni. @ut hcijrkos, enrjsts kid rcvjrs gki
`j enuid wbjrj tbjy krj kid hkaj tbjh vuoijrk` vuoijrkòj oj tn djvjonp
djvjonphjit
hjit
(Muck-Vkdcook,, 06;;, p. 050).
kmmrjsscni (Muck-Vkdcook
Tbj ZI Dj Djgok
gokrk
rktcn
tcnii ni tbj Pcm
Pcmbts
bts ne Cid
Cidcmj
cmjinu
inuss Vjn
Vjnpoj
pojss (0
(066=
66=))
rjgnmiczjs
rjgnmicz js tbkt cidcmjinu
cidcmjinuss pjnpojs bkvj sueejrjd ernh bcstnrcgko cilustcgjs ks
k rjsuot ne, khnim ntbjrs, tbjcr gnoniczktcni kid dcspnssjsscni ne tbjcr okids,
tjrrctnrcjs, kid rjsnurgjs, prjvjitcim tbjh ernh jxjrgcscim tbjcr rcmbt tn
djvjonphjit `ksjd ni tbjcr ijjds kid citjrjsts. Ct kosn kgainwojdmjs tbj
urmjit ijjd tn rjspjgt kid prnhntj tbj cibjrjit rcmbts ne cidcmjinus pjnpojs
wbcgb krj djrcvjd ernh tbjcr pnoctcgko, jgninhcg, kid sngcko strugturjs, ernh
tbjcr guoturjs, spcrctuko trkdctcnis,
t rkdctcnis, bcstnrcjs, kid pbconsnpbcjs.
Tbj ZI Djgokrktcni ni tbj Pcmbts ne Cidcmjinus Vjnpojs cs tbj hnst
gnhpr
gnhprjb
jbji
jiscv
scvjj cis
cistru
truhj
hjit
it dj
djtkc
tkcoci
ocimm tb
tbjj rcm
rcmbts
bts ne cid
cidcmj
cmjinu
inuss pj
pjnp
npojs
ojs ci
citjri
citjrikt
ktcn
cnik
ikoo ok
okw
w ki
kidd pn
pnoc
ocgy
gy,, gn
gnit
itkc
kcic
icim
im hchcic
ichu
huhh ststki
kidk
dkrd
rdss en
enrr tb
tbjj
rjgnmictcni, prntjgtcni kid prnhntcni ne tbjsj rcmbts. Tbjsj rcmbts cigoudj
tbj rcmbt tn sjoe-djtjrhciktcni, rcmbt tn okids, tjrrctnrcjs kid rjsnurgjs, rcmbt
tn bjkotb, jdugktcni, jhponyhjit, bnuscim, skictktcni, sngcko sjgurcty kid ki
kdjquktj
djstrugtcnistkidkrd
ne tbjcr ne ocvcim,
guoturj, tbjrcmbt
rcmbtint tn `j su`ljgtjd
tn prkgtcgj tn ksschcoktcni
kid rjvctkoczj nr
tbjcr guoturko
trkdctcnis kid gustnhs, jtg.
Pjkdcims<
Djgokrktcni ni tbj Pcmbt ne Vjnpojs tn Vjkgj (;324)
Djgokrktcni ni tbj Pcmbt tn Djvjonphjit (;325)
Gnivjitcni ni @cnonmcgko Dcvjrscty (;330)
Gnivjitcni ni tbj Jochciktcni ne Koo Enrhs ne Dcsgrchcik
Dcsgrchciktcni
tcni
Kmkcist ]nhji (;3=3)
Hkmik Gkrtk ne ]nhji (0663)

Gnivjitcni ni tbj Pcmbts ne tbj Gbcod (;336)
Gnivjitcni ni tbj Pcmbts ne Vjrsnis wctb Dcsk`coctcjs (0662)
Djgokrktcni ni tbj Pcmbts ne Cidcmjinus Vjnpojs (066=)
Gbkptjr 5
PJHJDCJW KID VPNGJDZPJ

VPNGJDZPJWW
ENP PJWVNIDCIM TN BZHKI
PCMBTW
UCNOKTCNIW KID BZHKI PCMBTW K@ZWJW

Buhki Pcmbts Ucnoktcnis
Tbjsj krj kgts gnhhcttjd `y nr kt tbj cistcmktcni ne nr wctb tbj gnisjit
ne k puòcg neecgcko nr ntbjr pjrsni kgtcim ci ki neecgcko gkpkgcty gnitrkry tn
buhki rcmbts okw, gkuscim `ndcoy nr hjitko pkci nr sueejrcim nr djktb. Tbjy
nggur wbji Wtktj kgtnrs kùsj nr djiy `kscg buhki rcmbts.
P.K. In. ;6752 (Tbj Buhki Pcmbts Pjpkrktcni kid Pjgnmictcni Kgt
ne 06;7) djecijs buhki rcmbts vcnoktcni ks kiy kgt nr nhcsscni gnhhcttjd
durcim tbj pjrcnd ernh Wjptjh`jr 0;, ;3=0 tn Ej`rukry 0:, ;325 `y pjrsnis
kgtcim ci ki neecgcko gkpkgcty kid/nr kmjits ne tbj Wtktj kid cigoudjs kiy
coojmko sjkrgb, krrjst kid/nr djtjitcni, kiy keeocgtcni ne pbyscgko cilury, kiy
jienrgjd nr civnouitkry dcskppjkrkigj, enrgj nr citchcdktcni gkuscim tbj
GBKVTJP : 07
civnou
civn ouit
itkr
kryy jx
jxcoj
coj ne k pj
pjrs
rsni
ni er
ernh
nh tb tbjj Vb
Vbcoc
cocpp
ppci
cijs
js,, ki
kiyy kg
kgtt nr en
enrg
rgj,
j,
citchcdktcnii nr djgjct gkuscim uilust nr coojmko tkajnvjr ne k ùscijss, jtg.
citchcdktcn
Trkdct
ctccnikooy, wbji ini-Wtktj kgtnrs (rj`jos, cisurmjits,
inimn
inimnvj
vjrih
rihji jitko
tko ji
jitct
tctcjs
cjs)) gn
gnhh
hhct
ct tbj
tbjsj
sj trk
trkism
ismrj
rjssc
sscni
niss nr vc
vcnok
noktcn
tcnis
is ne
buhki rcmbts, tbjcr kgtcnis krj gkoojd grchjs. Tndky, tbjy krj kosn gniscdjrj
gniscdjrjdd
buhki rcmbts vcnoktcnis. Ci tbj Gnhprjbjiscvj Kmrjjhjit ni Pjspjgt enr
Buhki Pcmbts kid Pjspjgt enr Citjriktcniko Buhkictkrcki Okw, scmijd `y
tbj Mnvjrihjit Vjkgj Vkijo kid tbj GVV/IVK/IDE Vjkgj Vkijo ni Hkrgb
;5, ;332 vcnoktcnis gnhhcttjd `y rj`jos krj gkoojd buhki rcmbts kùsjs.
Pjhjdcjs
Pcmbts kid rjhjdcjs krj cisjpkrkòj. Enr rcmbts tn `j euooy jilnyjd kid
enr rcmbts tn `j khpoy prntjgtjd ernh bkrh, cilury kid
04
ksskuot, nrcmciktcim ernh Wtktj kid ini-Wtktj kgtnrs, rjhjdcjs hust `j ci

pokgj kid rjkdcoy
rjkdcoy kvkcokòj
kvkcokòj kiytchj kid
kid kiywbjrj.
kiywbjrj.
Mnnd tbjrj krj dnhjstcg rjhjdcjs kid ini-dnhjstcg nr citjriktcniko
rjhj
rjhjdc
dcjs
js tb
tbkt
kt kr
krjj en
enui
uidd ci GnGnis
istc
tctu
tutcn
tcnis
is,, st
stkt
ktut
utjs
js ki
kidd ci
citj
tjri
rikt
ktcn
cnik
ikoo
cistruhjits. Ks vcnoktcnis nggur kid `jgnhj citjisj, rjhjdcjs krj civjitjd
tn gnpj up wctb tbj cidcmictcjs kid kùsjs.
Dnhjstcg rjhjdcjs
Dnhjstcg rjhjdcjs hky tkaj tbj enrh ne gcvco rjhjdcjs, grchciko
rjhjdcjs kid kdhcicstrktcvj rjhjdcjs.
K buhki rcmbts vcgtch gki ecoj k gcvco kgtcni enr dkhkmjs ci tbj
kpprnprcktj trcko gnurts uidjr Krtcgoj 70 ne tbj Gcvco Gndj. Tbcs hky `j
prnvjd nioy `y k prjpnidj
prjpnidjrkigj
rkigj ne jvcdjigj
jvcdjigj.. Hnrko dkhkmjs
dkhkmjs,, jxjhpokr
jxjhpokryy
dkhkmjs, gnsts ne suct kid kttnrijyÚ s ejjs hky `j kwkrdjd `y tbj gnurt ks
cidjhicty.
Tbj gcvco ock`cocty uidjr Krtcgoj 70 ne tbj Gcvco Gndj cs sjpkrktj kid
cidjpjidjit ernh tbj gcvco ock`cocty tbkt sprcims ernh grchciko ock`cocty uidjr
Krtcgoj ;66 ne tbj Pjvcsjd Vjiko Gndj.
Gcvco skigtcnis ks ki neesbnnt ne k gcvco rjhjdy kvkcojd ne `y k buhki
kgainwojdmjd kid keecrhjd `y Wjgtcni ;0(4), Krtcgoj CCC (@coo
rcmbts vcgtch cs kgainwojdmjd
ne Pcmbts) ne Tbj ;32= Gnistctutcni, `y Wjgtcni 0; ne tbj Wuprjhj GnurtÚ s
K.H. In. 6=-3
6=-3-;0- WG (Tbj Puoj ni tbj ]rct ne Khpkrn),
-;0-WG Khpkrn) , Wjgtcni 06 ne tbj
Wuprjhj GnurtÚ s K.H. In. 62-;-;5-WG (Tbj Puoj ni tbj ]rct ne Bk`jks
Dktk) kid Wjgtcni ;, Puoj ;6 ne
Wupr
Wu prjh
jhjj Gn
Gnur
urtÚ
tÚ s K.
K.H.
H. In
In.. 63
63-5
-5-2
-2-W G (T
-WG (Tbj
bj Puo
Puojs
js ne Vrn
Vrngj
gjdu
durj
rj enr
enr
Jivcrnihjitko Gksjs).
Gksjs).
Ocaj gcvco skigtcnis, pjiko skigtcnis krj kgainwojdmjd kid keecrhjd `y
Wjgtcni ;0(4), Krtcgoj CCC (@coo ne Pcmbts) ne Tbj ;32= Gnistctutcni, `y
Wjgtcni 0; ne tbj Wuprjhj GnurtÚ s K.H. In. 6=-3;0-WG (Tbj Puoj ni tbj
]rct ne Khpkrn),
Khpkrn), Wjgtcni 06 ne tbj Wuprjhj GnurtÚ s K.H. In. 62-;-;5-WG
(Tbj
(Tbj Pu
Puoj
oj ni tbj ]r
]rct
ct ne Bk
Bk`jk
`jkss Dk
Dktk
tk)) kid Wjgtcnis ;-7, Puoj 3 ne tbj
Wupr
Wu prjh
jhjj Gn
Gnur
urtÚ
tÚ s K.K.H.
H. In
In.. 63
63-5
-5-2
-2-W
-WG G (T
(Tbj
bj Pu
Puoj
oj ne Vr
Vrng
ngjd
jdur
urjj en
enrr
Jivcrnihjitko Gksjs).
Gksjs).
Tbj bu
Tbj buhk
hkii rcrcmb
mbts
ts vc
vcgt
gtch
ch hk
hkyy np
nptt tn ececoj
oj k gn
gnhp
hpok
okci
citt wc
wctbtb tb
tbjj
Gnh
Gn hhchcsssc
scnni ni Buhki Pc Pcmmbts wb
wbnnsj tktksa
sa cs snojojoy
oy ekgt-t-eeci
ciddci
cimm
civj
civjst
stcm
cmkt
ktcn
cni.
i. Ke
Ketj
tjrr ci
civj
vjst
stcm
cmkt
ktcn
cni,
i, pr
prns
nsjg
jgut
utcn
cnii wc
wcoo
oo `j bk
bkid
idoj
ojdd `y tb tbjj
Djpkrthjit ne Lustcgj uitco gksj cs rjsnovjd `y tbj gnurt. Tbj gnhpokcit gki
`j ecojd enr spjgcecg grchjs rjoktcim tn gktjmnrcj
gktjmnrcjss ne buhki rcmbts vcnoktcnis
ocaj grchjs vcnoktcim tbj rcmbt ne tbj pjnpoj tn `j sjgurj ci tbjcr pjrsnis,
GBKVTJP 5 0:
PJHJDCJW KID VPNGJDZPJW ENP PJWVNIDCIM TN BZHKI PCMBTW
bnusjs, pkpjrs kid jeejgts kmkcist uirjksnikòj sjkrgbjs kid sjczurjs (j.m.,( j.m.,
grchjs uidjr tbj Pjvcsjd Vjiko Gndj ocaj Krtcgoj ;04 Qgrchj ne kr`ctrkry
djtjitcniX,, Krtcgoj 053 Quiokweuo krrjstX, Krtcgoj ;0: Qdjoky ci tbj djocvjry ne
djtjitcniX
djtkcijd pjrsnisX, Krtcgoj ;02 Qvcnoktcni ne dnhcgcojX, Krtcgoj ;03 Qkgt ne
hkocgcnusoy n`tkcicim sjkrgb
Krtcgoj ;76 Qsjkrgbcim wkrrkits
k dnhcgcoj kid kùsj
wctbnut ci tbj sjrvcgj
wctijssjsX)1 ne wkrrkitsX,
grchjs vcnoktcim tbj
rcmbt tn erjjdnh ne kssjhòy (j.m(j.m., Krtcgoj ;7; Qprnbc`ctcni, citjrruptcni kid
dcss
dcssno
nout
utcn
cnii ne pjpjkg
kgje
jeuo
uo hjhjjt
jtci
cims
msX,
X, Kr
Krtc
tcgo
gojj ;:;:77 Qt
Qtuh
uhuuot
otss ki
kidd nt
ntbj
bjrr
dcstur`kigjs ne puòcg nrdjrX)1 grchjs vcnoktcim tbj rcmbt tn erjjdnh ne
(j.m., Krtcgoj ;70 Qcitjrruptcni ne rjocmcnus wnrsbcpX, Krtcgoj ;77
rjocmcni (j.m
Qneejidcimm tbj rjocmcnus ejjocimsX)1
Qneejidci ejjocimsX)1 grchjs vcnoktcim tbj rcmbt tn erjjdnh ernh
(j.m., Krtcgoj 0=0 QsokvjryX, Krtcgoj 0=7 Qrjtkcicim k
civnouitkry sjrvctudj (j.m
hcinr ci bcs sjrvcgj kmkcist tbj enrhjrÚ s wcooX, Krtcgoj 0=4 Qgnhpjoocim
kintbjr tn wnra enr bch kmkcist bcs wcoo ks k bnusjbnod sjrvkit nr ekrh
ok`nrjrX1 grchjs vcnoktcim tbj rcmbt tn ocej (j.m ( j.m., Krtcgoj 045 QpkrrcgcdjX,
Krtcgoj 043 QbnhcgcdjX, Krtcgoj 0:: QciekitcgcdjX, Krtcgoj 0:5 Qcitjitcniko
k`n
k`nrtcni
rtcniX,
Krtcgoj X, Krtcg
057Krtcgojoj 0:=pbyscgko
Qsjrcnus Quicitji
Quicitjitcni
tcniko
ko k`n
k`nrtcni
cilurcjsX, rtcniX,
KrtcgojX,05:
Krtcgoj
Krtcgoj 050
Qojss Qhutcoktc
Qhut
sjrcnus coktcniX,
niX,
pbyscgko
cilurcjsX, jtg.)1 grchjs vcnoktcim tbj prnbc`ctcni ni tnrturj (j.m( j.m., Krtcgoj 07:
Qhkotrjkthjit ne prcsnijrsX, Krtcgojs 050-055 Qneejidjr cs int vjstjd wctb
gustndy ne tbj prcsnijr ùt gnhhcts nioy pbyscgko cilurcjsX) kid grchjs
vcnoktcim tbj rcmbts
rcmbts tn oc`jrty (j.m., Krtcgoj ;0= QjxpuoscniX, Krtcgoj
oc`jrty ne k`ndj (j.m
052 Qmrkvj gnjrgcniX) (Huynt, ;333, pp. 723-73:).
Wcigj buhki rcmbts vcnoktcnis krj grchjs uidjr tbj Pjvcsjd Vjiko
Gndj, k buhki rcmbts vcgtch gki ecoj k grchciko gnhpokcit dcrjgt tn tbj Neecgj
ne tbj Vrnsjgutnr (Gcty nr Vrnvcigcko Vrnsjgutnr).
Kdhcicstrktcvj Pjhjdcjs
Kdhcicstrktcvj rjhjdcjs enr buhki rcmbts vcnoktcnis krj kgainwojdmjd
Kdhcicstrktcvj
kidd ke
ki keec
ecrh
rhjd
jd ci WjWjgt
gtcn
cnii ;0
;0(4
(4),
), Kr
Krtc
tcgo
gojj CC
CCC,
C, @c
@coo
oo ne Pc
Pcmb
mbts
ts,, Tb
Tbjj ;3
;32=
2=
Gnistctutcni, Tbj Pjvcsjd Kdhcicstrktcvj Gndj ne ;32=, Wjgtcni 0; ne tbj
Wuprjhj GnurtÚ s K.H. In. 6=-3-;0-WG (Tbj Puoj ni tbj ]rct ne Khpkrn)
kid Wjgtcni 06 ne Wuprjhj GnurtÚ s K.H. In. 62-;-;5-WG (Tbj Puoj ni tbj
]rct ne Bk`jks Dktk).
Zidjr tbj Pjvcsjd Kdhcicstrktcvj Gndj ne ;32=, tbj bjkds ne tbj
ùrjkus nr neecgj bks tbj kutbnrcty tn dcsgcpocij bcs jhponyj
jhponyjjs
js ci ocij wctb
Wjgtcnis 76 kid 75 ne Gbkptjr 5, @nna CU, Pjvcsjd Kdhcicstrktcvj Gndj ne
;32=.
Citjriktcniko Pjhjdcjs
Tbj citjriktcniko rjhjdcjs enr buhki rcmbts vcnoktcnis kid buhki
rcmbts kùsjs krj `ksjd ni trjktcjs kid ini-trjkty prngjdurjs.
krj tb
krj @ksjd
tbj
j rj nirtci
rjpn
pnrt trjktcjs,
cim
m rj
rjqu tbj
qucr hjgbkicshs
hjgbki
crjhjitt tncshs
jhji enr
jisu
ji rj tbj
surj jienrgjhji
jienrgjhjit
Wtkt
Wt ktj
j gn
gnhp
hpocktigj
ockignej buhki
tb rcmbts
wctb
wc trjk
trjkty
ty
nòcmktcnis, tbj civjstcmktcni ne gnhhuicgktcnis tn djtjrhcij `rjkgbjs ne
trjkty nòcmktcnis kid tbj civjstcmktcni, prnsjgutcni, kid trcko ne buhki
rcmbts vcnoktnrs uidjr tbj Pnhj Wtktutj ne tbj Citjriktcniko Grchciko Gnurt.
@ksjd ni ini-trjkty prngjdurjs krj tbj Vuòcg ;07: Vrngjdurj, tbj
;:67 Vrngjdurj jstkòcsbjd `y Pjsnoutcni ;07: kid Pjsnoutcni ;:67 ne tbj
Jgninhcg kid Wngcko Gnuigco (JGNWNG) ci ;35= kid ;3=6, rjspjgtcvjoy.
Tbj Pjpnrtcim Pjqucrjhjit

Wtktj
Wtktj Vkr
Vkrtcj
tcjss kr
krjj mj
mjijr
ijrkoo
kooyy rj
rjquc
qucrj
rjdd `y tbj trj
trjktc
ktcjs
js tn pj
pjrcn
rcndcg
dcgkoo
kooyy
su`hct rjpnrts tn tbj Wjgrjtkry-Mjijrko ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis nr tn tbj
hnictnrcim `ndy grjktjd `y tbj trjkty. Tbjsj rjpnrts mcvj k gnhprjbjiscvj
kggnuit ne tbj hjksurjs kdnptjd `y tbj Wtktj Vkrtcjs tn kppoy tbj prnvcscnis
ne tbj ZI Gnivjitcnis. Tbjy kosn gnitkci ki jok`nrktcni ni tbj prnmrjss tbkt
tbj Wtktj Vkrtcjs bkvj kgbcjvjd tn euoecoo tbjcr nòcmktcnis uidjr tbj Gnvjikit
gnigjrijd ks wjoo ks tbj ekgtnrs kid dceecguotcjs tbkt hky rjtkrd tbjcr prnmrjss
(Huynt, ;333, p. 7=5).
Tbcs rjpnrtcim rjqucrjhjit cs enuid ci trjktcjs ocaj tbj Citjriktcniko
Gnvj
Gnvjik
ikit
it ni Jg Jgni
ninh
nhcg
cg,, Wn
Wngc
gcko
ko ki
kidd Gu
Guot
otur
urko
ko Pc
Pcmb
mbts
ts,, tb
tbjj Ci
Citj
tjri
rikt
ktcn
cnik
ikoo
Gnvjikitt ni Gcvco kid Vnoctcgko Pcmbts, tbj Gnivjitcni ni tbj Jochciktcni ne
Gnvjiki
Koo Enr
Enrhs
hs ne PkgPkgcko
cko Dcs
Dcsgr
grchc
chcik
iktcn
tcni,
i, tbj Gni
Gnivji
vjitcn
tcnii Kmk
Kmkcis
cistt Tnr
Tnrtur
turj,
j,
Gnivjitcni ni tbj Jochciktcni ne Koo Enrhs ne Dcsgrchciktcni Kmkcist
]nhji, tbj Gnivjitcni ni tbj Pcmbts ne k Gbcod, jtg. (p. 7=5).
Civjstcmktcni ne Gnhhuicgktcnis/Gnhpokcits
Tbcs prngjdurj uidjr tbj quksc-ludcgcko prkgtcgj ne tbj Buhki Pcmbts
Gnhhcttjj cs tbj hnst jeejgtcvj buhki rcmbts gnhpokcits systjhs kt tbj
uicvjrsko ojvjo. Ks ne Lkiukry ;333, 3: ne tbj ;44 Wtktj Vkrtcjs tn tbj
Citjriktcniko Gnvjikit ni Gcvco kid Vnoctcgko Pcmbts, cigoudcim hnst ne tbj
enrhjr Gnhhuicst Wtktjs ne Jurnpj ks wjoo ks ki cigrjkscim hjh`jr ne
Oktci
Ok tci Kh
Khjrjrcg
cgki
ki ki
kidd Ke
Kerc
rcgk
gkii Wt
Wtkt
ktjs
js wj
wjrj
rj pk
pkrt
rtcj
cjss tn tb
tbjj Ec
Ecrs
rstt Np
Nptc
tcni
niko
ko
Vrntngno kid su`hct tbjhsjovjs tn tbj lurcsdcgtcni ne tbj Buhki Pcmbts
Gnhhcttjj ci gksjs ne koojmjd cidcvcduko buhki rcmbts vcnoktcnis. K tntko ne
244 cidcvcduko gnhhuicgktcnis/gnhpokcits rjoktcim tn :3 Wtktjs bkvj sn ekr
`jji djkot wctb `y tbj Gnhhcttjj. Gnhhuicg
Gnhhuicgktcnis
ktcnis iuh`jrcim 042 wjrj
GBKVTJP 5 0=
djgokrjd cikdhcsscòj kid 762 wjrj djgcdjd ni tbjcr hjrcts. Ci 075 gksjs, k
vcnoktcni ne nij nr hnrj Gnvjikit rcmbts `y tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs gnigjrijd,
k`nvj koo `y Zrumuky kid Lkhkcgk, bks `jji jstkòcsbjd ( Inwka, ;33=, p.
3:).
Zidjr tbcs prngjdurj, nioy cidcvcdukos kid int mrnups, IMNs nr ntbjr
ojmko jitctcjs, hky su`hct k gnhhuicgktcni tn tbj Gnhhcttjj uidjr Krtcgojs
; kid 0 ne tbj Nptcniko Vrntngno. Tbj GnhhcttjjÚ s djgcscnis ni tbj hjrcts
ne tbj gksj krj strugturjd ocaj gnurt ludmhji
ludmhjits.
ts. Cidcvcduko hjh`jrs hky kdd
tbjcr dcssjitcim nr gnigurrcim npcicnis tn tbj djgcscnis. Tbj okga ne ojmkooy
`cidcim jeejgts kid ne kiy skigtcnis kmkcist ini-gnnp
ini-gnnpjrktcvj
jrktcvj mnvjrih
mnvjrihjits
jits
rjhkci tbj hnst sjrcnus sbnrtgnhcim ne tbcs prngjdurj (pp. 35-3=).
Tbj Citjriktcniko Grchciko Gnurt

Tbj Pnhj Wtktutj jstkòcsbcim tbj Citjriktcniko Grchciko Gnurt (CGG)
cs gniscdjrjd nij ne tbj hnst kh`ctcnus citjriktcniko ojmko cictcktcvjs ci tbj
bcstnry ne hndjri okw kid tbj CGG ks tbj chpnrtkit ijw cistctutcni enr
buhki rcmbts ci tbj ijw gjitury. Ziocaj tbj Citjriktcniko Gnurt ne Lustcgj
wbcgb djkos wctb Wtktjs, tbj CGG djkos wctb kid bks tbj pnwjr tn civjstcmktj
civjstcmktj,,
prnsjgutj,
prnsjgutj, kid gnivcgt
gnivcgt cidcvcdukos.
Tbj Pnhj Wtktutj wks kdnptjd ni Luoy ;=, ;332, ketjr k ecvjwjja
pojicpntjitckry
pojicpntj itckry gniejrji
gniejrjigj
gj ci Pnhj. Ni Kprco ;;, 0660, k spjgcko trjkty
jvjit wks nrmkiczjd kt tbj Zictjd Iktcnis kt wbcgb ;6 stktjs djpnsctjd tbjcr
cistruhjits ne rktcecgktcni trcmmjrcim tbj jitry ne enrgj ne tbj Pnhj Wtktutj
ni Luoy ;, 0660. Ks ne 0667, 30 iktcnis bkvj rktcecjd tbj Pnhj Wtktutj ne tbj
CGG kid ;73 Wtktjs bkvj scmijd tbj trjkty (Tbj IMN Gnkoctcni enr tbj
Citjriktcniko
Citjriktcni ko Grchciko Gnurt, 0667, ccc).
Ziocajnvjr
lurcsdcgtcni dnhjstcg nr iktcniko
grchcikos. gnurts,
Tbcs kddrjssj
kddrjssjs tbjprnòjh
s tbj CGG jxjrgcsjs citjriktcniko
ne prjvjitci
prjvjitcim m buhki
rcmbts vcnoktnrs kid grchcikos wbn hky bkvj jsgkpjd ernh tbj iktcniko
lurcsdcgtcni wbjrj tbjy gnhhcttjd sjrcnus grchjs, ikhjoy, mjingcdj, grchjs
( Gnohjikrjs,, Vrchjr ni tbj
kmkcist buhkicty, wkr grchjs kid kmmrjsscni (Gnohjikrjs
Citjriktcniko
Citjriktcni ko Grchciko Gnurt, pp. 7-4).
Tbjrj krj tbrjj (7) wkys `y wbcgb ki civjstcmktcni `y tbj CGG hky `j
cictcktjd. Tbjsj krj< (;) k Wtktj Vkrty hky rjejr ks Ð sctuktcni× tn tbj
Vrnsjgutnr, wbjrj ct kppjkrs tbkt nij nr hnrj grchjs wctbci tbj lurcsdcgtcni
ne tb
tbjj Gn
Gnur
urtt wk
wkss gn
gnhh
hhctcttj
tjd1
d1 (0(0)) tb
tbjj Wj
Wjgu
gurc
rcty
ty Gn
Gnuiuigc
gcoo hk
hkyy rjejrr k Ð
rjej
sctuktcni× tn tbj Vr Vrnnsjgutn
tnrr1 kid (7) tb tbjj Vr
Vrnnsj
sjggutn
tnrr hk
hkyy ci
cict
ctck
cktj
tj
civjst
civ jstcmktcnii hntu prnprcn nr ni bjr nwi, ni tbj `kscs ne cienrhktcni
cmktcn
rjgjcvjdd ernh kiy rjockòj snurgj ks tn tbj gnhhcsscni ne grchjs. Vrnsjgutnr
rjgjcvj
tbji kppocjs enr k wkrrkit ne krrjst wctb tbj GnurtÚ s Vrj-Trcko Gbkh`jr enr
tbj krrjst kid surrjidjr ne tbj suspjgt. Ce kpprnvjd, k wkrrkit ne krrjst sbkoo
cssuj (pp. ;5-;=).
Tbj Vuòcg ;07: Vrngjdurj

Jgninhcg kid Wngcko Gnuigco (JGNWNG) Pjsnoutcni ;07: kutbnrczjs
tbj Gnhhcsscni ni Buhki Pcmbts Qgniscsts ne :7 hjh`jrs wbn krj jojgtjd
`y tbj Jgninhcg kid Wngcko Gnuigco (JGNWNG)X kid tbj Wu`-Gnhhcs
Wu`-Gnhhcsscni
scni
ni Vrjvjitcni ne Dcsgrchciktcni kid Vrntjgtcni ne Hcinrctcjs (gnhpnsjd ne
05 buhki rcmbts jxpjrts inhciktjd `y tbjcr mnvjrihjits kid jojgtjd `y tbj
Gnhhcsscni ni Buhki Pcmbts) tn dj`ktj, durcim tbjcr kiiuko sjsscnis, tbj
qujstcni ne tbj vcnoktcni ne buhki rcmbts kid euidkhjitko erjjdnhs. Tbj
Gnhhcssc
Gnh hcsscni
ni kid Wu`-
Wu`-Gnhh
Gnhhcsscn
csscnii hky jxk
jxkhcij
hcij cien
cienrhkt
rhktcni
cni rjoj
rjojvkit
vkit tn
mrnss vcnoktcnis ne buhki rcmbts ci tbjcr puòcg sjsscnis ( Eocitjrhki
Eocitjrhki,, ;33=,
pp. ;44, ;4=).
;4=).
Cienrhktcni ni buhki rcmbts vcnoktcnis hky `j euricsbjd `y Wtktjs
(`ntb hjh`jrs kid ini-hjh`jrs ne tbj Gnhhcsscni), `y hjh`jrs ne tbj
Wu`-Gn
Wu` -Gnhhhhcss
csscni
cni kikidd `y ini
ini-mn
-mnvj
vjrih
rihji
jitko
tko nrm
nrmki
kiczk
czktcn
tcnis
is (IM
(IMNs)
Ns) wct
wctbb
gnisuotktcvj stktus wctb tbj Zictjd Iktcnis. IMNs kttjidcim tbj kiiuko
sjsscnis ne tbj Gnhhcsscni kid Wu`-Gnhhcsscni kgtcvjoy pkrtcgcpktj ci tbj
dj`k
dj`ktj
tjss ne tb
tbjs
jsjj nr
nrmk
mkis
is.. Tb
Tbjj Wu
Wu`-`-Gn
Gnhh
hhcscssc
scni
ni cs ku
kutb
tbnr
nrcz
czjd
jd tn kd
kdnp
nptt
rjsnoutcnis ni tbj sctuktcni ne buhki rcmbts vcnoktcnis ci spjgcecg gnuitrcjs
ùt hky int
int tkaj eurtbjr kgtcni.
kgtcni. Ct cs nioy tbj
tbj Gnhhcsscni tbkt cs hkidktjd
hkidktjd tn
tkaj kgtcni ct djjhs ijgjsskry wctb rjmkrd tn buhki rcmbts vcnoktcnis ci kiy
pkrt ne tbj wnrod.
wnrod.
Tbj Gniecdjitcko ;:67 Vrngjdurj
Pjsnoutcni
gnhpokcits ;:67 kdnptjd
prngjdurj ci nrdjr `y
tn tbj
djkoJGNWNG prnvcdjs enr k cidcgktcim
wctb gnhhuicgktcnis gniecdjitckok
gniscstjit pkttjri ne mrnss kid rjockòy kttjstjd vcnoktcnis ne buhki rcmbts
kidd eu
ki euidk
idkhj
hjitk
itkoo erj
erjjd
jdnhs
nhs.. Cid
Cidcvc
cvcdu
dukos
kos,, mrn
mrnups
ups ki
kidd nrm
nrmki
kiczk
czktcn
tcnis
is hk
hkyy
su`hct gnhpokcits tn tbj WjgrjtkryMjijrko enr gniecdjitcko jxkhciktcni `y
tbj Gnhh
Gnhhcssccsscni
ni kid Wu`G
Wu`Gnhh
nhhcsscn
csscni.
i. Tbj kdhc
kdhcssc`
ssc`cocty
cocty grctj
grctjrck
rck spjg
spjgcey,
cey,
khnim tbjh, tbkt k gnhpokcit hky int `j kiniyhnus kid hky int gnitkci
cisuotcim nr kùscvj okimukmj.
Tbj Gnhhcsscni djgokrjs `y k schpoj hklnrcty ni tbj cssujs `jenrj ct.
Ct hky djgcdj tn ajjp tbj hkttjr uidjr rjvcjw, tn uidjrtkaj eurtbjr study, tn
kppncit k spjgcko rkppnrtjur wctb k hkidktj tn su`hct k gniecdjitcko rjpnrt tn
tbj Gnhhcsscni nr tn trkisejr tbj sctuktcni ernh tbj gniecdjitcko ;:67
prngjdurj tn tbj Vuòcg ;07: Vrngjdurj
prngjdurj Vrngjdurj.. Ct hky kosn hkaj rjgnhhjidktcnis
tn JGNWNG wbcgb djkos wctb sugb rjgnhhjidktcnis ci cts puòcg hjjtcims.
GBKVTJP 5 03
Kot
otbbnu
nummb JGN
GNWN
WNG G gkiinintt tk
tkaaj kiy `ci ciddci
cimm dj
djggcs
cscn
cniis, k pu
pu`òc
ocgg
gnidjhiktcni `y JGNWNG ne tbj buhki rcmbts vcnoktcni ci k spjgcecg
gnuitry puts prjssurj ni tbj mnvjrihjit gnigjrijd tn tkaj cts buhki rcmbts
nòcmktcnis uidjr tbj ZI Gbkrtjr sjrcnusoy (pp. ;42-;43).
Wpjgcko Gnuitry Pkppnrtjurs kid Tbjhktcg Pkppnrtjurs

Tbj Gnhhcsscni ni Buhki Pcmbts bks, nvjr tbj yjkrs, djvjonpjd twn
(0) typjs ne cistruhji
cistruhjitsts tn supjrvcsj chpojhjitktcni
chpojhjitktcni ne buhki rcmbts krnuid
tbj wnrod pupursu
rsuki
kitt tn JGN
JGNWNG
WNG Pjs
Pjsnou
noutcn
tcnii ;07 :. Ecrst, ct bks kppncitjd
;07:.
spjgcecg gnuitry rkppnrtjurs kid wnracim mrnups hkidktjd tn rjpnrt kiiukooy
tn tbj Gnhhcsscni ni tbj djvjonphjit ne buhki rcmbts sctuktcni ci tbj
gnui
gn uitry
try enr wbwbcgb
cgb tbj
tbjyy bk
bkvj
vj `jj
`jjii kp
kppnc
pncitj
itjd.
d. Wu
Wugb
gb su
supj
pjrv
rvcsc
cscni
ni `y tb
tbjj
citjriktcniko gnhhuicty nvjr tbj buhki rcmbts sctuktcni ci k spjgcecg gnuitry
puts prjssurj
prjssurj ni tbj mnvjrihjit
mnvjrihjit ne tbj Wtktj gnigjrijd
gnigjrijd tn chprnvj
chprnvj cts buhki
buhki
rcmbts rjgnrd.
Tbj ntbjr cistruhjit djvjonpjd ci tbj jkroy ;326s cs tbj tbjhktcg

rkppnrtjurs nr wnracim mrnups. Tbj tbjhktcg rkppnrtjurs nr wnracim mrnups
korjkdy enrhjd wjrj ni tbj cssujs ne civnouitkry dcskppjkrkigjs, tnrturj,
jxtrk
jx trk-lu
-ludcg
dcgcko
cko jx
jxjg
jgutc
utcni
nis,
s, kr`
kr`ctr
ctrkr
kryy dj
djtji
tjitcn
tcni,
i, erj
erjjd
jdnh
nh ne jx jxpr
prjss
jsscni
cni,,
xjin
xj inpbn
pbn`ck
`ck ki
kidd rk
rkgcs
gcsh,
h, kikidd vcn
vcnoji
ojigj
gj km
kmkci
kcist
st wn
wnhjhji.
i. Tbj
Tbjsj
sj tbj
tbjhk
hktcg
tcg
rkppnrtjurs nr wnracim mrnups hky jxkhcij rjojvkit cienrhktcni ernh koo
rjockòj snurgjs k`nut vcnoktcnis ne buhki rcmbts wbjrjvjr tbjy nggur ci tbj
wnro
wn rod.
d. Tb
Tbjy
jy hk
hkyy kokosn
sn vc
vcsc
sctt sp
spjg
jgce
cecg
cg gn
gnui
uitr
trcj
cjs,
s, wc
wctb
tb tb
tbjj gn
gnis
isji
jitt ne tb
tbjj
mnvjrihjit gnigjrijd. Tbjy su`hct tbjcr kiiuko rjpnrts tn tbj Gnhhcsscni
kid tbjsj kiiuko rjpnrts survjy tbj cienrhktcni rjgjcvjd `y tbj spjgcko
tbjhktcg rkppnrtjurs, tbj rjpocjs `y mnvjrihjits kid tbjcr okga, tbj kgtcnis
tkaji `y tbj spjgcko rkppnrtjur kid kiy mjijrko gnhhjits nr
rjgnhhjidktcnis tbj spjgcko rkppnrtjur hky wcsb tn su`hct (pp. ;4=-;42).
Pjkdcims<
P.K. In. ;6752 (Tbj
(Tbj Buhki Pcmbts
Pcmbts Pjpkrktcni
Pjpkrktcni kid Pjgnmictcni Kgt
Kgt
ne 06;7)
Pjpuòcg vs. Wkidnvko, 006 WGPK ;04 (;337)
K`jrgk vs. Ujr, ;56 WGPK :36 (;322)
Wjgrjtkry ne Iktcniko Djejisj vs. Hkikon,
Hkikon, M.P. In. ;26365, Ngtn`jr =,
0662
Gbctkt Im vs. Gkikdk,
Gkikdk, Gnhhuicgktcni In. 453/;33;, Buhki Pcmbts
Gnhhcttjj1 Ucjws
;337, ZI Dng. ne Gnhhcttjj,
K/43/46(;244), Invjh`jr
Uno. CC, kt ;23:,
Gbkptjr =
VPJUJITCUJ HJGBKICWHW CI TBJ

ECJOD NE BZHKI PCMBTW
Tbj prn
prnhnt
hntcni
cni ki
kidd prn
prntjg
tjgtcn
tcnii ne bubuhk
hkii rcm
rcmbt
btss gk
gkii
iint
nt `j ji
jitcr
tcrjoy
joy
rjkgtcvj.. Hnictnrcim, civjstcmktcvj kdhcicstrktcvj
rjkgtcvj kdhcicstrktcvj kid ludcgcko hjgbkicshs tn
gnh`kt buhki rcmbts vcnoktcnis kid tn put tn ki jid tbj prkgtcgj ne chpuicty
hust `j gnupo pojjd wc
wctb
tb kid su supppnr
nrtj
tjdd `y prnkgtctcvj
vj kid prjvj
vjiitc
tcvvj
krrkimjhjits kid prngjssjs djscmijd tn djvjonp k bjkotby kwkrjijss ne kid
rjspjgt enr tbj cidcvcsc`cocty kid citjrdjpjidjigj ne buhki rcmbts.
Ci tbj Zictjd Iktcnis tndky, tbj Neecgj ne tbj ZI Bcmb Gnhhcsscnijr
enr Buhki Pcmbts pokys tbcs rnoj ne prnvcdcim prnkgtcvj kid prjvjitcvj
rjspnisj tn buhki rcmbts vcnoktcnis. Ci vkrcnus pkrts ne tbj mon`j, tbcs rnoj cs
pjrenrhjdd `y iktcniko buhki rcmbts cistctutcnis nr gnhhcsscnis kid `y ini-
pjrenrhj
mnvjrihjitko kid prcvktj sjgtnr kgtnrs.
Tbj Neecgj ne tbj ZI Bcmb Gnhhcsscnijr enr Buhki Pcmbts

Tbj Neecgj ne tbj ZI Bcmb Gnhhcsscnijr enr Buhki Pcmbts cs k
Zictjd Iktcnis kmjigy tbkt wnras tn prnhntj kid prjvjit tbj buhki rcmbts
tbkt krj mukrkitjjd uidjr citjriktcniko okw kid stcpuoktjd ci tbj Zicvjrsko
Djgokrktcni ne Buhki Pcmbts. Tbcs neecgj wks jstkòcsbjd `y tbj ZI Mjijrko
Kssjhòy ni Djgjh`jr 06, ;337 ketjr tbj ;337 ]nrod Gniejrjigj ni
Buhki Pcmbts.
Zidjr Mjijrko Kssjhòy Pjsnoutcni 42/;4;, wbcgb jstkòcsbjd tbj
hkidktj ne tbj Neecgj ne tbj ZI Bcmb Gnhhcsscnijr enr Buhki Pcmbts, tbj
Bcm
cmbb Gn
Gnhhhchcsssc
scnnij
ijrr bk
bkss tb
tbjj en
enoo
oonnwc
wciim prnkgtc
tcvj
vj kid prjvj
vjiitc
tcvvj
rjspnisc`coctcjs
rjspnisc`coctcjs enr<
(k))
(k Vrnhnt
Vrnh ntci
cimm kid prn
prntj
tjgt
gtci
cimm tbj jeej
jeejgt
gtcv
cvjj jilny
jilnyhj
hjit
it `y koo
koo ne koo
gcvco, guoturko, jgninhcg, pnoctcgko kid sngcko rcmbts1
(`))
(` Gkrryc
Gkrrycim
im nut
nut tb
tbjj tk
tksa
sass ks
kssc
scmi
mijd
jd tn bc
bch/
h/bj
bjrr `y tbj
tbj gn
gnhp
hpjt
jtji
jitt
`ndcjs ne tbj
tbj ZI systjh ci tbj ecjod ne buhki
buhki
70
7;
GBKVTJP =
VPJUJITCUJ HJGBKICWHW CI TBJ ECJOD NE BZHKI PCMBTW
rcmbts kid su`hcttcim rjgnhhjidktcnis tn tbjh, wctb k vcjw tn

chprnvcim tbj prnhntcni kid prntjgtcni ne koo buhki rcmbts1
(g) Vrnhntcim kid prntjgtcim tbj rjkoczktcni ne tbj rcmbt tn
djvjonphjit1
(d) Vrnvcd
Vrnvcdcim
cim,, tbrnum
tbrnumbb tbj kpp
kpprnp
rnprck
rcktj
tj hjgb
hjgbkic
kicshs
shs kid
kid cist
cistctu
ctutcn
tcnis
is,,
kdvcsnry sjrvcgjs kid tjgbicgko kid ecikigcko ksscstkigj, kt tbj
rjqujst ne tbj Wtktj gnigjrijd1
(j) Gnnrdciktcim rjojvkit ZI jdugktcni kid
puòcg cienrhktcni prnmrkh
prnmrkhhjs
hjs ci tbj ecjod ne buhki
rcmbts1
(e))
(e Vokyc
Vokyciim ki kgtc
tcvvj rn
rnoj
oj ci rjhnv
nvci
cimm gur
urrrjit n`st
stkkgoj
ojss kid ci
hjjtcim tbj gbkoojimjs tn tbj euoo rjkoczktcni ne koo buhki rcmbts
kid ci prjvjitcim tbj gnitciuktcni ne buhki rcmbts vcnoktcnis
tbrnumbnut tbj wnrod1
(m) Jimkm
Jim kmcim
cim ci
ci k dckon
dckonmuj
muj wctb
wctb mnv
mnvjr
jrihj
ihjits
its ci
ci tbj chp
chpojh
ojhji
jitkt
tktcni
cni
ne bcs/bjr hkidktj, wctb k vcjw tn sjgurcim rjspjgt enr koo buhki
rcmbts1
(b))
(b Jibkigci
Jib cimm ci
citj
tjrrik
iktc
tcnniko gnnp
npjjrktc
tcni
ni enr tb
tbjj prnhn
hntc
tcnni kid
prntjgtcni ne buhki rcmbts1
rcmbts1
(c))
(c Gnnrd
Gnn rdci
cikktc
tcni
ni ne tb
tbjj buhk
hkii rc
rcmmbts prnhn
hntc
tcnni kid prnt
ntjjgtc
tcnni
kgtcvctcjs tbrnumbnut tbj Zictjd Iktcnis systjh1
(l) Ikturkoc
Ikturkoczk
zktcn
tcni,
i, kdk
kdkptk
ptktcn
tcni,
i, strj
strjimt
imtbj
bjici
icimm kid
kid strjk
strjkhoc
hocici
icimm ne
ne tbj
tbj
ZI hk
hkgbgbci
cijr
jryy ci tb
tbjj ec
ecjo
jodd ne bu
buhk
hkii rcrcmb
mbts
ts tn ch
chpr
prnv
nvjj ct
ctss
jeecgcjigy kid jeejgtcvjijss1
(a) Nvjrk
Nv jrkoo
oo supj
supjrvc
rvcscn
scnii ne tbj
tbj Neec
Neecgj
gj ne
ne tbj
tbj Bcmb
Bcmb Gnhhc
Gnhhcss
sscni
cnijr
jr..
Iktcniko Buhki Pcmbts Cistctutcnis

K iktcniko buhki rcmbts cistctutcni cs ki nrmkiczktcni tbkt bks `jji
jstkòcsbjd `y iktcniko mnvjrihjits wctb tbj spjgcecg rnoj ne prntjgtcim kid
rcmbts (Vjmrkh
prnhntcim buhki rcmbts Vjmrkh,, 06;7).
Tbj Vr
Tbj Vrci
cigc
gcpo
pojs
js rj
rjok
oktc
tcim
im tn tbtbjj st
stkt
ktus
us kikidd eu
euig
igtc
tcni
nici
cimm ne ikiktc
tcni
niko
ko
cistctutcnis, ainwi ks tbj Ð Vkrcs Vrcigcpojs,× wjrj kdnptjd `y tbj Zictjd
Iktcnis Mjijrko Kssjhòy ci ;337 kid prnvcdj citjriktcni citjriktcniko
ko hcichuh
stkidkrds enr ki jeejgtcvj iktcniko buhki rcmbts cistctutcni. Tbjsj stkidkrds
krj<
krj< (k
(k)) ci
cidj
djpj
pjid
idji
jigj
gj11 (`
(`)) `r
`rnk
nkdd bubuhk
hkii rcrcmb
mbts
ts hk
hkid
idkt
ktj1
j1 (g
(g)) kd
kdjq
jqukuktj
tj
euidcim1 (d) ki cigouscvj kid trkispkrjit sjojgtcni kid kppncithjit prngjss
(Vkrcs Vrcigcpojs< 06 yjkrs, mucdcim tbj wnra ne Iktcniko Buhki Pcmbts
Cistctutcim, bttp<//www.nbgbr.
nrm/JI/ijwsjvjits/Vkm
nrm/JI/ijw sjvjits/Vkmjs/VkrcsVrcigcpojs06yjkrs QKggjssjd ni Ngtn`jr ;=,
js/VkrcsVrcigcpojs06yjkrs
06;7 Ö Ö Jd.X).
Ci tjrhs ne kgtcvctcjs, tbj Vrcigcpojs gkoo enr iktcniko, cistctutcnis tn
prnhntj kid jisurj tbj bkrhnicz
bkrhniczktcni
ktcni ne iktcniko ojmcsoktcni, rjmuoktcni kid
prkgtcgjss wctb citjriktcni
prkgtcgj citjriktcniko
ko buhki rcmbts cistruhji
cistruhjits
ts tn wbcgb k Wtktj cs k
pkrty kid tbjcr jeejgtcvj chpojhjitktcn
chpojhjitktcni,i, tbj rktcecgktcni ne citjriktcni
citjriktcniko
ko
buhki rcmbts cistruhjits kid tbj enrhuoktcni ne buhki rcmbts jdugktcni
prnmrkhhjj kid tkaj pkrt
prnmrkhh pkrt ci tbjcr jxjgutcni.
jxjgutcni.
Ct cs ci tbj krjk ne buhki rcmbt jdugktcni tbkt iktcniko buhki rcmbts
cistctutcnis ocaj tbj Gnhhcsscni ni Buhki Pcmbts ne tbj Vbcocppcijs, ki
cidjpjidjit gnistctutcniko neecgj uidjr Tbj ;32= Gnistctutcni, gki poky cts
prnkgtcvj kid prjvjitcv
prjvjitcvjj rnoj ci prnhntcim rjspjgt enr buhki rcmbts. Zidjr
Tbj Vrntjgtcni ne Buhki Pcmbts Kgt ;337, tbj Iktcniko Buhki Pcmbts
Gnhhcsscni ne Cidck cs tksajd, khnim ntbjrs, tn gnidugt rjsjkrgb kid tn
prnhntj kwkrjijss kid jdugktcni kid tn jignurkmj tbj civnovjhji
civnovjhjitt ne ini-
mnvj
mn vjrih
Zmkidk rihjijitko
tko nrm
Buhki nrmki
kiczk
Pcmbtsczktcn
tcnis
is kikidd ntb
Gnhhcsscni ntbjr
jr 4ci
Kgt cistc
nestctu
tutcn
tcnis.
;33=. is. Int dce
dceejr
Ct jhpnwjrs ejrji
jittZmkidk
tbj cs tbj
Buhki Pcmbts Gnhhcsscni tn jstkòcsb k gnitciucim prnmrkhhj ne rjsjkrgb,
jdug
jd ugkt
ktcn
cni,
i, kikidd ci
cien
enrh
rhktktcn
cnii tn jijibk
bkig
igjj rj
rjpn
pnrt
rt en
enrr bu
buhk
hkii rc
rcmb
mbts
ts ki
kidd tn
enrhuoktj, chpojhjit, kid nvjrsjj prnmrkhs citjidjd tn ciguogktj ci tbj
gctczjis ki kwkrjijss ne tbjcr gcvcg rjspnisc`coctcjs kid ki kpprjgcktcni ne
tbjc
tbjcrr rcrcmb
mbts
ts ki
kidd n`nòc
ocmk
mktc
tcni
niss ks ererjj
jj pjpjnp
npojoj (I(Iktktcn
cnik
ikoo Bu
Buhk
hkii PcPcmbmbts
ts
Gnhhcsscni ne Cidck, bttp<//
www.ji.wcacpjdck.nrm/wcac/Iktcniko^Buhki^Pcmbts^Gnhhcsscni^
^Ciidck QK
ne^C QKggggjs
jssj
sjdd ni Ngtn`
Ngtn`jrjr 4, 06;7
06;7 Jd Jd.X
.X11 Zm
Zmkid
kidk,k, btt
bttp<
p<//w
//wwwww..
ibrc.ijt/ic/ecojs).
Ini-Mnvjrihjitko Nrmkiczktcnis (IMNs)

Ini-mnvjrihjitko nrmkiczk
Ini-mnvjrihjitko nrmkiczktcnis
tcnis (IMNs), jspjgck
jspjgckooy
ooy buhki rcmbts
nrmkiczktcnis,
nrmkiczk tcnis, bkvj k onim kid monrcnus bcstnry ne upbnodcim buhki rcmbts koo
nvjr tbj wnrod. Gbcje Lustcgj Krtjhcn U. Vkimkic`ki (rjt.) goksscecjs IMNs
ks `jonimcim tn gcvco sngcjty tbkt bks `jji ci tbj enrjernit ne tbj ecmbt enr
oc`jrty kid gniscdjrjd k pcookr ne djhngrkgy, tbj gnisgcjigj ne mnvjrihjit
kid tbj nvjrsjjr ne mnvjrihjitko kgtcnis ( Vkimkic`ki
Vkimkic`ki,, 06;;, p. ;75). Ci Tbj
;32= Gnistctutcni, IMNs krj pjnpojÚ s nrmkiczktcnis wbcgb krj `nik ecdj
kssngcktcnis ne gctczjis wctb djhnistrktjd gkpkgcty tn prnhntj tbj
GBKVTJP =
VPJUJITCUJ HJGBKICWHW
HJGBKICWHW CI TBJ ECJOD NE BZHKI PCMBTW
puòcg citjrjst
citjrjst kid wctb cdjitceckòj
cdjitceckòj ojkdjrsbcp,
ojkdjrsbcp, hjh`jrsbcp,
hjh`jrsbcp, kid strugturj.
strugturj.
77
Ci tbjcr `nna Ð Citjriktcniko Buhki Pcmbts Ci Gnitjxt (Okw, Vnoctcgs,
Hnrkoj),× Bjiry Wtjcijr kid Vbcocp Kostni kgainwojdmj tbkt IMNs pjrvkdj
kid krj k vctko pkrt ne tbj buhki rcmbts rjmchj. Tbjy `rcim nut tbj ekgts,
gnitrcùtj tn stkidkrd-sjttcim ks wjoo ks tn tbj prnhntcni, chpojhjitktcni
kid jienrgjhjit ne buhki rcmbts inrhs, sprjkd tbj hjsskmj ne buhki rcmbts
kid hn`coczj pjnpoj tn rjkoczj tbkt hjsskmj kid prngjjd wctb k spjjd,
djgcscvji
djgcscvjijss
jss kid
ne tbj wnra rkimj ne gnigjris
ne ùrjkugrktcg chpnsscòjgnistrkcijd
kid pnoctcgkooy tn chkmcij citjrmnvjrihjitko
ci rjoktcni tn hnst
(Wtjcijr kid Kostni,
nrmkiczktcnis (Wtjcijr Kostni, 0666, p. 372).
IMNs chpnrtkit prnkgtcvj kid prjvjitcvj rnoj ci prnhntcim bjkotby
rjspjgt enr buhki rcmbts cs ci tbj ecjod ne buhki rcmbts jdugktcni. Tbcs
buhki rcmbts jdugktcni, wrctjs Pkgbjo @rjtt, cs Ð djvjonpcim k buhki rcmbts
guoturj `y hkacim pjnpoj kwkrj ne tbjcr rcmbts, ne tbjcr rjspnisc`cocty int tn
vcnoktj tbj rcmbts ne ntbjrs, kid ne tbj pnssc`coctcjs ne rjdrjss cigoudcim
suppnrtcim cidcvcdukos ci `rcimcim gksjs, wbjtbjr wctb tbj iktcniko systjh,
nr uidjr rjmcniko nr citjriktcniko prngjdurjs× (@rjtt, ;33=, p. 733).
Pjkdcims<
Gkrcin vs. GBP,
GBP, 064 WGPK 427 (;33;)
JV\K vs. GBP,
GBP, 062 WGPK ;0: (;330)
Gcvco Oc`jrtcjs Zicni ne tbj Vbcocppcijs vs. Jxjgutcvj Wjgrjtkry,
Wjgrjtkry, ;34
WGPK 7;= (;33;)
Iktcniko Kssngcktcni enr tbj
t bj Kdvkigjhjit ne Gnonrjd Vjnpoj (IKKGV)
vs. Kok`khk,
Kok`khk, 7:= Z.W. 443
Acons`kyki Enuidktcni kid @kitky Aktkruimki Enuidktcni vs.
Lkinon, jt ko.,
ko., M.P. In. ;26:47, Kumust ;2, 06;6
Gbkptjr 2
TBJ LZDCGCKPS, TBJ KGKDJHJ, KID TBJ

EKHCOS NI @ZCODCIM K BZHKI PCMBTW
GZOTZPJ
Buhki Pcmbts Guoturj

Buhki rcmbts guoturj cs k sbkrjd gnhhuictkrcki `jocje ci tbj cibjrjit
dcmicty kid ne tbj jquko kid cikocjikòj rcmbts ne koo hjh`jrs ne tbj buhki
ekhcoy.
ekhcoy. Ct cs kosn k sbkr
sbkrjd
jd gnisjisus
gnisjisus tbkt
tbkt tbj dcmicty kid
kid wnrtb ne jvjry
buhki pjrsni gki `j upbjod kid bninrjd ce tbj Wtktj kid ini-Wtktj kgtnrs
uidjrtkaj jeenrts kid cictcktcvjs tn upbnod kid bninr buhki rcmbts.
Lnsj Kykok Okssn, tbj ecrst Zictjd Iktcnis Bcmb Gnhhcsscnijr enr
Buhki Pcmbts, jxprjssjd k gnhpjoocim krmuhjit enr tbj djvjonphjit ne k
buhki rcmbts guoturj wbji bj skcd<
Ð C kh gnivcigjd tbkt tbj djvjonphjit ne k guoturj ne buhki

rcmbts tbrnumbnut tbj wnrod cs nij ne tbj hnst chpnrtkit gnitrcùtcnis
tbktjisbrcijd
cs gki `j hkdj
ci tbjtnprcigcpojs
euturj mjijrktcnis. Tbj enuidktcni
ne tbj Zicvjrsko Djgokrktcni.enrKtbcs guoturj
guoturj ne
buhki rcmbts wnuod rjsuot ci k prnenuid gbkimj ci bnw cidcvcdukos,
gnhhuictcjs, stktjs kid tbj citjriktcniko gnhhuicty vcjw rjoktcnisbcps
ci koo hkttjrs. Wugb k guoturj wnuod
wnuod hkaj buhki rcmbts ks hugb k pkrt
ne tbj ocvjs ne cidcvcdukos ks krj okimukmj, gustnhs, tbj krts, ekctb kid
tcjs tn pokgj. Ci tbcs guoturj, buhki rcmbts wnuod int `j sjji ks k ln` Ô
ne snhjnij josj,Ú
josj,Ú ùt tbj nòcmktcni
nòcmktcni kid duty ne koo× (Dcmic
(Dcmictyty enr Koo<
@ucodcim k Guoturj ne Buhki Pcmbts,
bttp</
bttp<//ww
/www.s
w.smcq
mcqukr
ukrtjr
tjroy.
oy.nrm
nrm/ej
/ejktu
kturj0
rj0662
662Ngt
Ngt-;6
-;6.btho QKggjssjd ni
.btho
Ngtn`jr :, 06;7 Jd.X
Jd.X).).
Tbj Ludcgckry
Tbj Ludcgckry ci tbj Vbcocppcijs cs k ajy pokyjr ci tbj djvjonphjit ne k
buhki rcmbts guoturj. Tbrnumb cts duty tn sjttoj kgtuko
75
GBKVTJP 2
TBJ LZDCGCKPS, TBJ KGKDJHJ, KID TBJ EKHCOS NI
@ZCODCIM K BZHKI PCMBTW GZOTZPJ
gnitrnvjrscjs tbkt civnovj rcmbts wbcgb krj ojmkooy djhkidkòj kid cts duty tn
djtjrhcij wbjtbjr k mrkvj kùsj ne dcsgrjtcni bks `jji gnhhcttjd `y kiy
`rkigb nr cistruhjitk
cistruhjitkocty
octy ne tbj Mnvjrihj
Mnvjrihjit it ( rjkd< ludcgcko pnwjr), tbj
Ludcgckry gki `j k pntj tjiit kmjit tn nvjrgnhj hkrmcikoc oczzktcni,
chpnvj
chp nvjrcs
prnhuomk rcsbh
prnhuomktj bhjit
tj jit,, gnigjricim
ruojs dcsgr
dcsgrchc
gnig chcik
iktcn
jricim tcni
tbjiprntjgtcni
kid
ki
prn d cicijq
tjgtcnijquko
ukocty
kid cty.
. Tbr
Tbrnu
numb
jienrgjhjit
jienrgjhj mbne cts
it pnwj
pn
buhki wjrr ts,
rcmb tn
rcmbts,
ct gki jochciktj cilustcgj ne vkrcnus strcpjs (jgninhcg cilustcgj, pnoctcgko
cilus
cilustcg
tcgj,
j, ki
kidd sn
sngck
gckoo cil
cilus
ustcg
tcgj)
j) ki
kidd kd
kdvki
vkigj
gj tbj bn
bnrcz
rczni
nitko
tko ki
kidd vj
vjrtc
rtcgk
gkoo
ernitcjrs ne buhki rcmbts. Tbrnumb cts syh`nocg nr tjkgbcim euigtcni, ct gki
jdugktj kid jiocmbtji tbj hjh`jrs ne tbj `kr, octcmkits, tbj okw studjits kid
tbj puòcg k`nut tbj hkljsty kid jeecgcjigy ne buhki rcmbts.
Pjgnmi
Pjgn micz
czci
cimm tb
tbjj ch
chpn
pnrt
rtki
kitt rn
rnoj
oj ne tb
tbjj Lu
Ludc
dcgc
gckr
kryy ci pr
prnh
nhnt
ntci
cim,
m,
skejmukrdcim kid kdvkigcim buhki rcmbts, tbj Citjriktcniko Gnhhcsscni ni
Lurcsts, ci k gniejrjigj ni Djvjonphjit, Buhki Pcmbts kid tbj Puoj ne Okw
(;32;), djgokrjd tbkt<
Ð Tbj
euoecoohjit
euoecoohjit ne ruoj ne lurcsts
wbcgb Okw cskrj
k dyikhcg oygnigjpt
prchkrcoy
prchkrc enr tbj
rjspniscòj
rjspniscòj kidjxpkiscni kid
wbcgb sbnuod
`j jhponyjd int nioy tn skejmukrd kid kdvkigj tbj gcvco kid pnoctcgko
7:
rcmbts ne tbj cidcvcduko ci k erjj sngcjty, ùt kosn tn jstkòcsb sngcko,
jgni
jgninh
nhcg
cg,, jd
jdug
ugkt
ktcn
cnik
ikoo ki
kidd gu
guot
otur
urko
ko gn
gnid
idct
ctcn
cnis
is ui uidj
djrr wb
wbcgcgbb bc
bcss
( Wkrhcjitn,, 06;;, p.
ojmctchktj kspcrktcni kid dcmicty hky `j rjkoczjd× (Wkrhcjitn
36).
Ci k wnrasbnp bjod kt Ajiyk ci ;32:, lustcgjs, ludmjs, okwyjrs, ojmko

sgbn
sgbnok
okrs
rs ki
kidd sn
sngc
gcko
ko sg
sgcj
cjit
itcs
csts
ts dc
dcsg
sgus
ussj
sjdd tbtbjj tb
tbjh
jhjj Ð Tb Tbjj Pn
Pnoj
oj ne tb
tbjj
Ludcgckry ci Vourko Wngcjtcjs× kid gnisjisukooy kmrjjd tbkt ludcgcko kgtcvcsh
gkii `j Ð ki ch
gk chpn
pnrt
rtki
kitt st
strk
rktj
tjmy
my tn nvnvjr
jrgn
gnhj
hj ko
kooo en
enrh
rhss ne np
nppr
prjs
jssc
scni
ni,,
jxpo
jx ponc
nctk
tktc
tcni
ni,, ch
chpn
pnvj
vjrcrcsb
sbhj
hjitit,, ui
uilu
lust
stce
ceck
ckò
òjj ci kiy hn hndjdjoo ne sn
sngc
gcko
ko
djvjonphjit ci Kercgk kid Ksck.× Tbj pkrtcgcpkits kddjd `y prngokchcim
tbkt Ð QLXudcgcko kgtcvcsh, jignurkmjd `y sngcko kgtcni octcmktcni, cispcrjd `y
gnistctutcniko
gnistctutcni ko vkoujs, hky `j rjmkrdjd ks k vctko buhki tjgbinonmy enr sngcko
gbkimj ci chpnvjrcsbjd sngcjty× (p. 3;).
Tbj Wuprjhj Gnurt ne tbj Vbcocppcijs tbrnumb cts hkiy trkcoòkzcim
(j.m., Wtnijbcoo vs. Dcnain,
djgcscnis ni buhki rcmbts (j.m Dcnain, 06 WGPK 7271 Npnsk
vs. Ekgtnrki,
Ekgtnrki, 004 WGPK =301 Tbj Wjgrjtkry ne Iktcniko Djejisj vs. Hkikon,
Hkikon,
M.P.
M.P. In
In.. ;2
;263
6365
65,, Ng
Ngtn
tn`j
`jrr =, 06 6211 HHDK vs. Gnigjrijd Pjscdjits ne
0662
Hkicok @ky , M.P. Ins.
@ky,
ruojs ct prnhuomktjd, ;=;34=42,
;=;34=42,
ikhjoy, Djgjh`jr
Djgjh`jr
K.H. In. 2, 0662)
6=-3-;0-WG (Tbjkid
kid tbrnumb
Puoj ni tbjcts tbrjj
]rct ne
Khpkrn),, K.H.
Khpkrn)
In. 62-;-;5-WG (Tbj Puoj ni tbj ]rct ne Bk`jks Dktk) kid K.H. In. 63-5-
2-WG (T
(Tbj
bj Pu
Puoj
ojss ne Vr
Vrng
ngjd
jdur
urjj en
enrr Ji
Jivc
vcrn
rnih
ihji
jitko
tko Gk
Gksj
sjs)
s) krj chhjisjoy
gnitrcùtcim tn tbj ùcodcim ne tbj jdcecgj ne buhki rcmbts guoturj ci tbj
Vbcocppcijs kid ci tbj wnrod.
Tbj vkojdcgtnry kddrjss ne Gbcje Lustcgj Pn`jrtn Gnigjpgcni, tbnumb
dnij ci ;3=7, spjkas vnouhjs k`nut tbj rnoj ne tbj Ludcgckry ci ùcodcim k
buhki rcmbts guoturj. Bj skcd<
Ð Zpni tbj ntbjr bkid, tbj Wuprjhj Gnurt inw jxjrgcsj tbj
pnwjr ne kdhcicstrktcvj supjrvcscni nvjr koo gnurts kid tbj pjrsniijo
tbjrjne. Ã Ks k gnisjqujigj, tbj Wuprjhj Gnurt cs inw gkoojd upni tn
òkzj ijw trkcos, kid tbj Vbcocppcij @jigb, ks wjoo ks tbj @kr kid tbj
pjnpoj ci mjijrko, krj onnacim enrwkrd tn kdhcicstrktcvj djgcscnis kid
prjgjdjit sjttcim djgcscnis tjidcim tn `nostjr up tbj cidjpjidjigj ne
lustcgj kid ntbjrwcsj enstjr tbj pjnpojÚ s ekctb ci nur gnurts ne lustcgj ks
( Wkrhcjitn,, pp. 37-34).
cistruhjitkoctcjs ne tbjcr wjoekrj× (Wkrhcjitn
Tbj Kgkdjhj
Tbj Kgkdjhj cs kintbjr ajy pokyjr ci tbj ùcodcim ne k buhki rcmbts
guot
guotur
urjj ci tb
tbjj Vb
Vbco
cocp
cppc
pcij
ijs.
s. Tb
Tbjj ;3
;32=
2= Gn
Gnis
istc
tctu
tutcn
tcnii ne tb
tbjj Vb
Vbco
cocp
cppc
pcij
ijss
rjgnmiczjs tbcs chpnrtkit rnoj ne tbj Kgkdjhj wbji, ci cts Krtcgoj RCU
(Jdugktcni, Wgcjigj kid Tjgbinonmy, Krts, Guoturj, kid Wpnrts), ct prnvcdjs<
Ð Wjgtcni 7.
;. Koo jdu
jdugk
gktc
tcni
nikko cistc
cistctu
tutc
tcni
niss sbkoo
sbkoo cig
cigou
oudj
dj tbj
tbj stud
studyy ne tbj
Gnistctutcni ks pkrt ne tbj gurrcguok.
0. Tbjy
Tbjy sbk
sbkoo
oo cig
ciguo
uogk
gktj
tj pkt
pktrc
rcnt
ntcs
cshh kid
kid iktc
iktcni
niko
kocs
csh,
h, ens
enstj
tjrr onvj
onvj
ne bu
buhk
hkic
icty
ty,, rj
rjsp
spjg
jgtt en
enrr bu
buhk
hkii rcm
rcmbt
bts,
s, kp
kppr
prjg
jgck
cktc
tcni
ni ne tb
tbjj rno
rnojj ne
iktcniko bjrnjs ci tbj bcstnrcgko djvjonphjit ne tbj gnuitry, tjkgb tbj
rcmbts kid dutcjs ne gctczjisbcp, strjimtbji jtbcgko kid spcrctuko vkoujs,
djvjonp hnrko gbkrkgtjr kid
pjrsniko dcsgcpocij. . . .×
Tndky,
Tndk y, tbtbjj ;3
;32=
2= Gn
Gnis
istc
tctu
tutc
tcni
ni,, ne
netj
tjii rj
rjej
ejrr
rrjd
jd tn ks bu buhk
hkii rc
rcmb
mbts
ts
gnistctu
gni stctutcni
tcni,, cs tkum
tkumbt
bt ci gnooj
gnoojmjs
mjs kid uicvjrsctc
uicvjrsctcjs.
js. Jeej
Jeejgtcv
gtcvjj sgbnnoyjkr
sgbnnoyjkr
06;7-06;4,, buhki rcmbts okw wcoo
06;7-06;4 wcoo `j tkumbt ci koo okw sgbnnos.
sgbnnos. @nostjrcim
tbj study ne buhki rcmbts ci tbj sgbnnos krj tbj jstkòcsbhjit ne gjitjrs kid
cistctutjs ne buhki rcmbts kid sngcko lustcgj kid tbj enuidktcni ne studjit
buhk
buhkii rcm
rcmbts
bts nrnrmki
mkiczk
czktcn
tcnis
is ci hk
hkiyiy gn
gnooj
oojmj
mjss ki
kidd ui
uicvj
cvjrsc
rsctcj
tcjs,
s, bjr
bjrjj ki
kidd
k`rnkd. Wnhj sgbnnos
GBKVTJP 2
TBJ LZDCGCKPS, TBJ KGKDJHJ, KID TBJ EKHCOS NI
@ZCODCIM K BZHKI PCMBTW GZOTZPJ
k`rnkd bkvj suhhjr buhki rcmbts jxtjrisbcps prnmrkhs wbjrj okw studjits
krj mcvji tbj nppnrtuicty tn spjid tbj suhhjr wnracim wctb buhki rcmbts
nrmkiczktcnis,
nrmkiczk tcnis, buhki rcmbts
rcmbts kttnrijys nr ZI `ndcjs. Tbj prnmrkh
prnmrkh prnvcdjs
civkouk`
civkoukòj
oj prkg
prkgtcgko
tcgko buhk
buhkii rcmb
rcmbts
ts cisc
ciscmbts
mbts kid bkid
bkids-ni
s-ni-trk
-trkcicim
cicim enr tbj
studjits kid ksscstkigj tn bnst neecgjs kid nrmkiczktcnis.
Wgbnnos, gjitjrs, kid cistctutjs gki `j k rcgb rjsnurgj ne buhki rcmbts
grjktcv
grjktcvcty.
cty. Tbjy gkigki uidjrtkaj
uidjrtkaj buhki rcmbts
rcmbts ecjod trcps (vcsct
(vcsct tn prcs
prcsnis,
nis,
gnrrjgtcniko gjitjrs, ur`ki pnnr gnhhuictcjs, jtbicg vcookmjs)1 buhki rcmbts
`nnt gkhps (vcsct tn husjuhs kid pkitbjni
pkitbjniss gnh`cijd wctb ojgturjs)
ojgturjs)11
buhki rcm cmbbts jxgbkimj prnrnmmrk
rkhs
hs enr st stuudjit
itss, dnhjststcg
cgkkoo
ooyy kid
citjriktcnikooy1 buhki rcmbts guoturko sbnws kid krt jxbc`ctcni (sbnwgkscim
snims kid dkigjs ne jtbicg mrnups, krt wnras ne cidcmjinus krtcsts)1 buhki
rcmbts dckonmuj `jtwjji mnvjrihjit, ZI neecgckos kid studjits, buhki rcmbts
dj`ktj/hnnt gnurt gnhpjtctcni, jtg.
Tbcs upsurmj ne citjrjst ni buhki rcmbts jdugktcni, rjsjkrgb, kid
jxtjrisbcps cs k bjkotby scmi enr tbj djvjonphjit ne k buhki rcmbts guoturj
kid sbnuod `j sustkcijd `y vcmnrnus suppnrt ernh sgbnno kdhcicstrktnrs,
tjkgbjrs, studjits kid mnvjrihjits.
Tbj Ekhcoy
Okst ùt int tbj ojkst gnitrcùtnr ci tbj ùcodcim ne k buhki rcmbts
guoturj cs tbj ekhcoy. Tbj ;32= Gnistctut
Gnistctutcni
cni ne tbj Vbcocppcijs kgainwojdmjs
7=
tbj chpnrtkigj ne tbj ekhcoy `y tbj cigouscni ne Krtcgoj RU jitctojd Ð Tbj
Ekhcoy.× Wjgtcni ; cs k`nut tbj WtktjÚ
WtktjÚ s rjgnmictcni
rjgnmictcni ne tbj Ecocpcin
Ecocpcin ekhcoy
ks tbj enuidktcni
enuidktcni ne tbj iktcni. Wjgtcni 0 cs k`nut hkrrckmj
hkrrckmj ks ki civcnokòj
civcnokòj
sngcko
sngc ko cistctutcn
cistctutcnii kid tbj enuidktcn
enuidktcnii ne tbj ekhcoy. Wjgt
Wjgtcni
cni 7 cs k`nut tbj
Wtkt
WtktjÚ
jÚ s n` nòc
ocmk
mktc
tcni
ni tn bn
bnin
inrr ki
kidd dj
djej
ejid
id rc
rcmb
mbtt tb
tbkt
kt pj
pjrt
rtkc
kcii tn sp
spnu
nusj
sjs,
s,
gbcodrji, ekhcoy nr ekhcoy kssngcktcnis kid tbj jodjroy.
Tbj kpbnrcsh Ð vkoujs krj gkumbt int tkumbt× gkrry k ont ne ciscmbt
kid pnsjs k hnrko gbkoojimj tn spnusjs vcs-˅ -vcs tbjcr gbcodrji. Ci sgbnno,
gbco
gbcodr
drji
ji oj
ojkr
krii `y ci
cist
stru
rugt
gtcn
cni.
i. Kt bn bnhj
hj,, tb
tbjy
jy oj
ojkr
krii `y tr
trki
kish
shcs
cssc
scni
ni..
Vrnvjr`s 00<5 mcvjs tbcs rjhcidjr< Ð Trkci up k gbcod ci tbj wky bj sbnuod
mn kid wbji bj cs nod, bj wcoo int djpkrt ernh ct.×
Ecrst kid bkids-ni ojssnis rjoktjd tn rcmbt tn jdugktcni, rcmbt tn ennd,
rcmbt tn guoturj, rcmbt tn bjkotb kid iutrctcni, rcmbt tn wktjr, erjjdnh ne
jxprjsscni,
jxprjsscn i, jqukocty, duj prngjss, lustcgj, rcmbt tn wnrsbcp, mnnd mnvjrikigj,
mnvjrikigj,
kggnuitk`cocty,
kggnui tk`cocty, citjmrcty kid
kid onvj, gki `j gkumbt
gkumbt kt bnhj. Ks pkrjits krj,
krj, sn
gbcodrji wcoo tbjy `j.
Mjnrmj @jisni tjkgbjs< ‟Mrjkt cdjks kid ecij prcigcpojs dn int ocvj
ernh mjijrktcni tn mjijrktcni lust `jgkusj tbjy krj mnnd, inr `jgkusj tbjy
bkvj
bk vj `j
`jji
ji gk
gkrj
rjeu
euoo
ooyy oj
ojmc
mcso
sokt
ktjd
jd.. Cd
Cdjk
jkos
os ki
kidd pr
prci
cigc
gcpo
pojs
js gn
gnit
itci
ciuj
uj erernh
nh
mjijrktcni tn mjijrktcni nioy wbji tbjy krj ùcot citn tbj bjkrts ne gbcodrji
ks tbjy mrnw up× (Dnscga, ;33:, p. ;3;).
Pjkdcims<
ZI @kscg Vrcigcpojs ni tbj Cidjpjidjigj ne tbj Ludcgckry (;32:)
ZI Wjgrjtkry-MjijrkoÚ s Pjpnrt ni tbj Pnoj ne Okw kid Trkisctcniko
Lustcgj ci Gnieocgt kid Vnst-Gnieocg
Vnst-Gnieocgtt Wngcjtcjs (Kumust 07, 0664)
ZIJWGNÚ
ZIJWG NÚ s DjgDjgokrk
okrktcni
tcni kid
kid Citjm
Citjmrktj
rktjdd Erkhjwn
Erkhjwnra ra ne Kgtcn
Kgtcnii ni
Jdugktcni enr Vjkgj, Buhki Pcmbts kid Djhngrkgy (;333)
Zictjd Iktcnis Djgokrktcni ni Buhki Pcmbts Jdugktcni kid Trkcicim
(06;;)
Tbj Ekhcoy, Krtcgoj RU, Tbj ;32= Gnistctutcni
Gbkptjr 3
TBJ PNKD KBJKD
Tbj rnkd kbjkd enr buhki rcmbts wcoo int `j jksy. Vrnòjhs kid
dceecguotcjs wcoo `j tbjrj kid tbjy gki gnhj ernh snurgjs ocaj kùsjs ne
kutbnrctkrckii ojkdjrs, cijqukoctcjs ne pnoctcgko kid jgninhcg pnwjrs, prkgtcgjs
kutbnrctkrck
ne huotciktcniko gnrpnrktcnis kid pnocgcjs ne mon`ko ecikigcko cistctutcnis.
Tbjsj, djspctj kdvkigjs ci tbj ecjod ne buhki rcmbts kid tbj hnrko pnwjr kid
cieoujigj ne buhki rcmbts.
Ci sbnrt, tbj `kttoj enr buhki rcmbts kid enr buhki dcmicty cs int yjt
euooy wni. K `cm `nnst tn wciicim tbj `kttoj enr buhki rcmbts wcoo `j tbj
kgtcvj prnhntcni ne buhki rcmbts jdugktcni tnwkrds djvjonpcim k buhki
rcmbts guoturj kid k buhki rcmbts wky ne ocej. Tbcs cs ci kddctcni tn tbj mckit
strcdjs ci Ð stkidkrd sjttcim× (`ntb citjriktcniko kid dnhjstcg okws) kid Ð
cistctutcniko ùcodcim× (buhki rcmbts iktcniko gnhhcsscni, hjgbkicsh, kid
Citjriktcniko
Citjriktcni ko Grchciko Gnurt).
Buhki rcmbts guoturj kid buhki rcmbts wky ne ocej hjki k rnùst
kwkrjijss ne buhki rcmbts kid buhki rjspnisc`coctcjs kid kgtcvjoy ocvcim
tbjsj rcmbts kid rjspnisc`coctcjs ci jvjrydky ocej.
Hnrj tbki jvjr, tbj citjmrktcni ne tbj study ne buhki rcmbts okw ci okw
sgbnnos ne tbj Vbcocppcijs cs k wcsj stjp ci tbj rcmbt iktcniko kid citjriktcniko
dcrjgtcni.
4;
73
KVVJIDCGJW
4;
TBJ ;32= GNIWTCTZTCNI NE TBJ
VBCOCVVCIJW
VPJKH@OJ
]j, tbj snvjrjcmi Ecocpcin pjnpoj, chponrcim tbj kcd ne Kohcmbty Mnd,
ci nrdjr tn ùcod k lust kid buhkij sngcjty, kid jstkòcsb k Mnvjrihjit tbkt
sbko
sbkooo jh
jh`n
`ndy
dy nunurr cd
cdjk
jkos
os ki
kidd ks
kspc
pcrk
rktc
tcni
nis,
s, prprnh
nhnt
ntjj tb
tbjj gn
gnhh
hhni ni mn
mnnd
nd,,
gnisj
gn isjrv
rvjj ki
kidd djv
djvjon
jonpp nu
nurr pk
pktrc
trchn
hniy,
iy, kikidd sj
sjgu
gurj
rj tn nunursj
rsjovj
ovjss ki
kidd nur
pnstjrcty, tbj òjsscims
òjsscims ne cidjpjidjigj
cidjpjidjigj kid djhngrkgy
djhngrkgy uidjr
uidjr tbj ruoj ne okw
kid k rjmchj ne trutb, lustcgj, erjjdnh, onvj, jqukocty, kid pjkgj, dn nrdkci
kid prnhuomktj tbcs Gnistctutcni.
KPTCGOJ CC
DJGOKPKTCNI NE VPCIGCVOJW KID
WTKTJ VNOCGCJW VPCIGCVOJW
Wjgtcn
Wjgtcni
i ;. Tbj Vbc
Vbcocp
ocppc
pcij
ijss cs k dj
djhn
hngrk
grktcg
tcg ki
kidd rj
rjpu`
puòcg
ocgki
ki Wtk
Wtktj.
tj.
Wnvjrjcmity
ernh tbjh. rjscdjs ci tbj pjnpoj kid koo mnvjrihjit kutbnrcty jhkiktjs
Wjgtcni 0. Tbj Vbcocppcijs rjinuigjs wkr ks ki cistruhjit ne iktcniko
pnocgy, kdnpts tbj mjijrkooy kggjptj
kggjptjdd prcigcpojs ne citjriktcnik
citjriktcnikoo okw ks pkrt
ne tbj okw ne tbj okid kid kdbjrjs tn tbj pnocgy ne pjkgj, jqukocty, lustcgj,
erjjdnh,, gnnpjrktcni, kid khcty wctb koo iktcnis.
erjjdnh
Wjgtcni 7. Gcvcocki kutbnrcty cs, kt koo tchjs, suprjhj nvjr tbj hcoctkry.
Tbj Krhjd Enrgjs ne tbj Vbcocppcijs cs tbj prntjgtnr ne tbj pjnpoj kid tbj
Wtktj. Cts mnko cs tn sjgurj tbj snvjrjcmity
snvjrjcmity ne tbj Wtktj kid tbj citjmrcty ne tbj
iktcniko tjrrctnry.
Wjgtcni 4. Tbj prchj duty ne tbj Mnvjrihjit cs tn sjrvj kid prntjgt
Wjgtcni
tbj pjnpoj. Tbj Mnvjrihjit hky gkoo upni tbj pjnpoj tn djejid tbj Wtktj
kid, ci tbj euoecoohjit tbjrjne, koo gctczjis hky `j rjqucrjd, uidjr gnidctcnis
prnvcdjd `y okw, tn rjidjr
rjidjr pjrsniko, hcoctkry
hcoctkry nr gcvco sjrvcgj.
sjrvcgj.
4:
TBJ ;32= GNIWTCTZTCNI NE TBJ VBCOCVVCIJW 47
Wjgtcni :. Tbj hkcitjikigj ne pjkgj kid nrdjr, tbj prntjgtcni ne ocej,

oc`jrty, kid prnpjrty, kid prnhntcni ne tbj mjijrko wjoekrj krj jssjitcko enr
tbj jilnyhjit `y koo tbj pjnpoj ne tbj òjsscims ne djhngrkgy.
Wjgtcni 5. Tbj sjpkrktcni ne Gburgb kid Wtktj sbkoo `j civcnokòj.
WTKTJ VNOCGCJW
Wjgtcni =. Tbj Wtktj sbkoo pursuj ki cidjpjidjit enrjcmi pnocgy. Ci cts
rjoktcnis wctb ntbjr stktjs, tbj pkrkhnuit gniscdjrktcni sbkoo `j iktcniko
snvjr
snv jrjcm
jcmity
ity,, tjr
tjrrct
rctnr
nrcko
cko ci
citjm
tjmrct
rcty,
y, ik
iktcn
tcniko
iko ci
citjr
tjrjs
jst,t, ki
kidd tb
tbjj rcm
rcmbt
bt tn sj
sjoe-
oe-
djtjrhciktcni.
Wjgtcni 2. Tbj Vbcocppcijs, gniscstjit
gniscstjit wctb tbj iktcniko citjrjst, kdnpts
kid pursujs k pnocgy ne erjjdnh ernh iugojkr wjkpnis ci cts tjrrctnry.
Wjgtcni 3. Tbj Wtktj sbkoo prnhntj k lust kid dyikhcg sngcko nrdjr tbkt
wcoo jisurj tbj prnspjrcty kid cidjpjidjigj ne tbj iktcni kid erjj tbj pjnpoj
ernh pnvjrty tbrnumb
euoo jhponyhjit, pnocgcjs
k rcscim tbkt prnvcdj
stkidkrd ne ocvcim,kdjquktj sngcko sjrvcgjs,
kid ki chprnvjd qukoctyprnhntj
ne ocej
enr koo.
Wjgtcni ;6. Tbj Wtktj sbkoo prnhntj sngcko lustcgj ci koo pbksjs ne
iktcniko djvjonphjit.
Wjgtcni ;;. Tbj Wtktj vkoujs tbj dcmicty ne jvjry buhki pjrsni kid
mukrkitjjs euoo rjspjgt enr buhki rcmbts.
Wjgtcni ;0. Tbj Wtktj rjgnmiczjs tbj skigtcty ne ekhcoy ocej kid sbkoo
prntjgt kid strjimtbji tbj ekhcoy ks k `kscg kutninhn
kutninhnus
us sngcko cistctutcni. Ct
sbkoo jqukooy prntjgt tbj ocej ne tbj hntbjr kid tbj ocej ne tbj ui`nri ernh
gnigjptcni. Tbj ikturko kid prchkry rcmbt kid duty ne pkrjits ci tbj rjkrcim
ne tbj ynutb enr gcvcg jeecgcjigy kid tbj djvjonphjit ne hnrko gbkrkgtjr sbkoo
rjgjcvj tbj suppnrt ne tbj Mnvjrihjit.
Wjgtcni ;7. Tbj Wtktj rjgnmiczjs tbj vctko rnoj ne tbj ynutb ci iktcni-
ùcodcim kid sbkoo prnhntj kid prntjgt tbjcr pbyscgko, hnrko, spcrctuko,
citjoojgtuko, kid sngcko wjoo-`jcim. Ct sbkoo ciguogktj ci tbj ynutb pktrcntcsh
kid iktcnikocsh, kid jignurkmj tbjcr civnovjhjit ci puòcg kid gcvcg keekcrs.
Wjgtcni ;4. Tbj Wtktj rjgnmiczjs tbj rnoj ne wnhji ci iktcniùcodcim,
kid sbkoo jisurj tbj euidkhjitko jqukocty `jenrj tbj okw ne wnhji kid hji.
Wjgtcni ;:. Tbj Wtktj sbkoo prntjgt kid prnhntj tbj rcmbt tn bjkotb ne
tbj pjnpoj kid cistcoo bjkotb gnisgcnusijss khnim tbjh.
Wjgtcni ;5. Tbj Wtktj sbkoo prntjgt kid kdvkigj tbj rcmbt ne tbj pjnpoj
tn k `kokigjd kid bjkotbeuo jgnonmy ci kggnrd wctb tbj rbytbh kid bkrhniy
ne ikturj.
Wjgtcni ;=. Tbj Wtktj sbkoo mcvj prcnrcty tn jdugktcni, sgcjigj kid
tjgbinonmy, krts, guoturj, kid spnrts tn enstjr pktrcntcsh kid iktcnikocsh,
kggj
kggjoj
ojrk
rktj
tj sn
sngc
gcko
ko pr
prnm
nmrj
rjss
ss,, ki
kidd pr
prnh
nhnt
ntjj tn
tntk
tkoo bu
buhk
hkii oc
oc`j
`jrk
rktc
tcni
ni ki
kidd
djvjonphjit.
Wjgtcni ;2. Tbj Wtktj keecrhs ok`nr ks k prchkry sngcko jgninhcg enrgj.
enrgj.
Ct sbkoo prntjgt tbj rcmbts ne wnrajrs kid prnhntj tbjcr wjoekrj.
Wjgtcni ;3. Tbj Wtktj sbkoo djvjonp k sjoe-rjockit kid cidjpjidjit
iktcniko jgninhy jeejgtcvjoy gnitrnoojd `y Ecocpcins.
Wjgtcni 06. Tbj Wtktj rjgnmiczjs tbj cidcspjiskòj rnoj ne tbj prcvktj
sjgtnr,
sjgtnr, jig
jignurk
nurkmjs
mjs prcv
prcvktj
ktj jitj
jitjrprc
rprcsj,
sj, kid prnv
prnvcdjs
cdjs cigj
cigjitcv
itcvjs
js tn ijj
ijjdjd
djd
civjsthjits.
Wjgtcni 0;. Tbj Wtktj sbkoo prnhntj gnhprjbjiscvj rurko djvjonphjit
kid kmrkrcki rjenrh.
Wjgtcni 00. Tbj Wtktj rjgnmiczjs kid prnhntjs tbj rcmbts ne cidcmjinus
guot
guotur
urko
ko gn
gnhh
hhui
uict
ctcj
cjss wc
wctb
tbci
ci tb
tbjj er
erkh
khjjwn
wnra
ra ne ik iktc
tcni
niko
ko ui
uict
ctyy ki
kidd
djvjonphjit.
Wjgtcni 07. Tbj Wtktj sbkoo jignurkmj ini-mnvjrihjitko, gnhhuicty-
`ksjd, nr sjgtnrko
sjgtnrko nrmkiczktcnis
nrmkiczktcnis tbkt prnhntj
prnhntj tbj wjoekrj
wjoekrj ne tbj iktcni.
iktcni.
Wjgtcni 04. Tbj Wtktj rjgnmiczjs tbj vctko rnoj ne gnhhuicgktcni kid
cienrhktcni ci iktcni-ùcodcim.
Wjgtcni 0:. Tbj Wtktj sbkoo jisurj tbj kutninhy ne ongko mnvjrihjits.
Wjgtcni 05. Tbj Wtktj sbkoo mukrkitjj jquko kggjss tn nppnrtuictcjs enr
puòcg sjrvcgj
sjrvcgj kid prnbc`ct
prnbc`ct pnoctcgko dyikstcjs
dyikstcjs ks hky
hky `j djecijd `y
`y okw.
Wjgtcni 0=. Tbj Wtktj sbkoo hkcitkci bnijsty kid citjmrcty ci tbj puòcg
sjrvcgj kid tkaj pnsctcvj kid jeejgtcvj hjksurjs kmkcist mrket kid gnrruptcni.
Wjgtcni 02. Wu`ljgt tn rjksnikòj gnidctcnis prjsgrc`jd `y okw, tbj
Wtktj kdnpts kid chpojhjits k pnocgy ne euoo puòcg dcsgonsurj ne koo cts
trkiskgtcnis civnovcim puòcg citjrjst.
KPTCGOJ CCC
@COO NE PCMBTW
TBJ ;32= GNIWTCTZTCNI NE TBJ VBCOCVVCIJW 4:
Wjgtcni ;. In pjrsni sbkoo `j djprcvjd ne ocej, oc`jrty, nr prnpjrty

wctbnut duj prngjss ne okw, inr sbkoo kiy pjrsni `j djicjd tbj jquko
prntjgtcni ne tbj okws.
Wjgtcni 0. Tbj rcmbt ne tbj pjnpoj tn `j sjgurj ci tbjcr pjrsnis, bnusjs,
pkpjrs, kid jeejgts kmkcist uirjksni
uirjksnikòj
kòj sjkrgbjs kid sjczurjs ne wbktjvjr
ikturj kid enr kiy purpnsj sbkoo `j civcnokòj, kid in sjkrgb wkrrkit nr
wkrrkit ne krrjst sbkoo cssuj jxgjpt upni prn`kòj gkusj tn `j djtjrhcijd
pjrsnikooy
pjrsnik ooy `y tbj ludmj ketjr jxkhcik
jxkhciktcni
tcni uidjr nktb nr keecrhktcni ne tbj
gnhpokcikit kid tbj wctijssjs bj hky prndugj, kid pkrtcguokroy djsgrc`cim
tbj pokgj tn `j sjkrgbjd kid tbj pjrsnis nr tbcims tn `j sjczjd.
Wjgtcni 7.
;. Tb
Tbjj prc
prcvk
vkgy
gy ne gn
gnhhu
hhuicg
icgktc
ktcni
ni ki
kidd gn
gnrrj
rrjspn
spnidj
idjigj
igj sbk
sbkoo
oo
`j civcnokòj jxgjpt upni okweuo nrdjr ne tbj gnurt, nr wbji puòcg
skejty nr nrdjr rjqucrjs ntbjrwcsj, ks prjsgrc`jd `y okw.
sjgtcni0.sbkoo
Kiy`jjvcdji
jvcikdhcsscòj
cdjigj
gj n`tkcijd
n`tkcijd ci vcnokt
enr kiyvcpurpnsj
noktcni
cni ne
ci tbcs
tbc
kiys nr tbj prjgjdci
prjgjdcimm
prngjjdcim.
Wjgtcni 4. In okw sbkoo `j pkssjd k`rcdmcim tbj erjjdnh ne spjjgb, ne
jxprjsscni, nr ne tbj prjss, nr tbj rcmbt ne tbj pjnpoj pjkgjkòy tn kssjhòj
kid pjtctcni tbj mnvjrihjit enr rjdrjss ne mrcjvkigjs.
Wjgtcni
Wjgtcn i :. In ok okw
w sb
sbko
kooo `j hk
hkdj
dj rj
rjsp
spjg
jgtc
tcim
im ki js
jstk
tkò
òcs
csbh
bhji
jitt ne
rjocm
rjocmcni
cni,, nr prn
prnbc`
bc`ctc
ctcim
im tbj erj
erjjj jx
jxjrg
jrgcsj
csj tbj
tbjrj
rjne.
ne. Tbj erj
erjjj jx
jxjrg
jrgcsj
csj ki
kidd
jilnyhjit ne rjocmcnus prnejsscni kid wnrsbcp, wctbnut dcsgrchciktcni nr
prjejrjigj,
prjejrji gj, sbkoo enrjvjr `j koonwjd. In rjocmcnus tjst sbkoo `j rjqucrjd enr
tbj jxjrgcsj ne gcvco nr pnoctcgko rcmbts.
Wjgtcni 5. Tbj oc`jrty ne k`ndj kid ne gbkimcim tbj skhj wctbci tbj
ochcts prjsgrc`jd `y okw sbkoo int `j chpkcrjd jxgjpt upni okweuo nrdjr ne
tbj gnurt. Ijctbjr sbkoo tbj rcmbt tn trkvjo `j chpkcrjd jxgjpt ci tbj citjrjst ne
iktcniko sjgurcty, puòcg skejty, nr puòcg bjkotb, ks hky `j prnvcdjd `y okw.
Wjgtcni =. Tbj rcmbt ne tbj pjnpoj tn cienrhktcni ni hkttjrs ne puòcg
gnigjri sbkoo `j rjgnmiczjd. Kggjss tn neecgcko rjgnrds, kid tn dnguhjits
kid pkpjrs pjrtkcicim tn neecgcko kgts, trkiskgtcnis, nr djgcscnis, ks wjoo ks tn
mnvjrihjit rjsjkrgb dktk usjd ks `kscs enr pnocgy djvjonphjit, sbkoo `j
keenrdjd tbj gctczji, su`ljgt tn sugb ochctktcnis ks hky `j prnvcdjd `y okw.
Wjgtcni 2. Tbj rcmbt ne tbj pjnpoj, cigoudcim tbnsj jhponyjd ci tbj
puòcg kid prcvktj sjgtnrs, tn enrh uicnis, kssngcktcni
kssngcktcnis,
s, nr sngcjtcjs enr
purpnsjs int gnitrkry
gnitrkry tn okw sbkoo int `j
`j k`rcdmjd.
k`rcdmjd.
Wjgtcni 3. Vrcvktj prnpjrty sbkoo int `j tkaji enr puòcg usj wctbnut
lust gnhpjisktcni.
gnhpjisktcni.
Wjgtcni ;6. In okw chpkcrcim tbj nòcmktcni ne gnitrkgts sbkoo `j

pkssjd.
Wjgtcni ;;. Erjj kggjss tn tbj gnurts kid quksc-ludcgcko `ndcjs kid
kdjquktj ojmko ksscstkigj sbkoo int `j djicjd tn kiy pjrsni `y rjksni ne
pnvjrty.
Wjgtcni ;0.
;. Ki
Kiyy pj
pjrsn
rsnii ui
uidj
djrr civ
civjs
jstcm
tcmkt
ktcni
cni enr tbj gn
gnhhc
hhcssc
sscni
ni ne ki
neejisj sbkoo bkvj tbj rcmbt tn `j cienrhjd ne bcs rcmbt tn rjhkci
scojit kid tn bkvj gnhpjtjit kid cidjpjidjit gnuisjo prjejrkòy ne
bcs nwi gbncgj. Ce tbj pjrsni gkiint keenrd tbj sjrvcgjs ne gnuisjo,
bj hust `j prnvcdjd wctb nij. Tbjsj rcmbts gkiint `j wkcvjd jxgjpt
ci wrctcim kid ci tbj prjsjigj ne gnuisjo.
0. In tn
tnrt
rtur
urj,
j, en
enrg
rgj,
j, vc
vcno
noji
jigj
gj,, tb
tbrj
rjkt
kt,, ci
citc
tchc
hcdk
dktcn
tcni,
i, nr ki
kiyy
ntbjr hjkis wbcgb vctcktj tbj erjj wcoo sbkoo `j usjd kmkcist bch.
Wjgr
Wjgrjt
jt nedjtj
enrhs djtjitcni
itcni pokgjs,
pokgj
djtjitcni krj s, tkry,, cignhhuicgkdn
snoctkry
snoc
prnbc`ctjd. cignhhuicgkdn,, nr ntbjr schcokr
7. Kiy gniejss
gniejsscni
cni nr kdhcsscni
kdhcsscni n`tkcij
n`tkcijdd ci vcnoktcni
vcnoktcni ne tbcs
nr Wjgtcni ;= bjrjne sbkoo `j cikdhcsscòj ci jvcdjigj kmkcist bch.
4. Tb
Tbjj ok
okw
w sb
sbko
kooo pr
prnv
nvcd
cdjj en
enrr pj
pjik
ikoo ki
kidd gc
gcvc
vcoo sk
skig
igtc
tcni
niss en
enrr
vcn
cnok
oktc
tcnnis ne tbtbcs
cs Wj
Wjggtc
tcnni ks wjoo ks gnhp hpjjisk
sktc
tcnni tn tb tbjj
rjbk`coctktcni ne vcgtchs ne tnrturj nr schcokr prkgtcgjs, kid tbjcr
ekhcocjs.
Wjgtcni ;7. Koo pjrsnis, jxgjpt tbnsj gbkrmjd wctb neejisjs puicsbkòj
`y rjgous
rjgouscni
cni pjrpjt
pjrpjtuk
uk wb
wbji
ji jv
jvcd
cdji
jigj
gj ne mumuco
cott cs st
strn
rnim
im,, sb
sbko
koo,
o, `j
`jen
enrj
rj
gnivcgtcni, `j `kcokòj `y sueecgcjit surjtcjs, nr `j rjojksjd ni rjgnmiczkigj
ks hky `j prnvcdjd `y okw. Tbj rcmbt tn `kco sbkoo int `j chpkcrjd jvji wbji
tbj prcvcojmj ne tbj wrct ne bk`jks gnrpus cs suspjidjd. Jxgjsscvj `kco sbkoo
int `j rjqucrjd.
Wjgtcni ;4.
;. In pjrsni
pjrsni sbkoo
sbkoo `j bjod
bjod tn ki
kisw
swjr
jr enr k grc
grchci
hciko
ko neejis
neejisjj
wctbnut duj prngjss ne okw.
0. Ci koo grchciko
grchciko prnsjg
prnsjgutcni
utcnis,
s, tbj kggusjd
kggusjd sbkoo
sbkoo `j prjsuhjd
prjsuhjd
ciingjit uitco tbj gnitrkry cs prnvjd, kid sbkoo jilny tbj rcmbt tn `j
bjkrd `y bchsjoe kid gnuisjo, tn `j cienrhjd ne tbj ikturj kid
gkusj ne tbj kggusktcni kmkcist bch, tn bkvj k spjjdy, chpkrtcko, kid
puòcg trcko, tn hjjt tbj wctijssjs ekgj tn ekgj, kid tn bkvj
gnhpuosnry prngjss tn sjgurj tbj kttjidkigj ne wctijssjs kid tbj
prndugtcnii ne jvcdjigj ci bcs `jbkoe. Bnwjvjr
prndugtcn Bnwjvjr,, ketjr krrkcmihj
krrkcmihjit,
it,
TBJ ;32= GNIWTCTZTCNI NE TBJ VBCOCVVCIJW 4=
trcko hk
trcko hkyy pr
prng
ngjjd
jjd in
intwc
twctb
tbstk
stkid
idcim
cim tbj k`s
k`sji
jigj
gj ne tbj kg kggu
gusjd
sjd<<
Vrnvcdjd, Tbkt bj bks `jji duoy intcecjd kid bcs ekcourj tn kppjkr cs
uilustceckòj.
Wjgtcni ;:. Tbj prcvc
prcvcojm tbjj wrct ne bk`jks gnrpus sbkoo int `j
ojmjj ne tb
suspjidjd jxgjpt ci gksjs ne civkscni nr rj`joocni, wbji tbj puòcg skejty
rjqucrjs ct.
Wjgtcni ;5. Koo pjrsnis sbkoo bkvj tbj rcmbt tn k spjjdy dcspnsctcni ne
tbjcr gksjs `jenrj koo ludcgcko, quksc-ludcgcko,
quksc-ludcgcko, nr kdhcicstrk
kdhcicstrktcvj
tcvj `ndcjs.
Wjgtcni ;=. In pjrsni sbkoo `j gnhpjoojd tn `j k wctijss kmkcist
bchsjoe.
Wjgtcni ;2.
;. In pjrsn snii sbk
bkoo
oo `j djtk
tkci
cijjd sn
snoj
ojoy
oy `y rj
rjkksn
snii ne bcs
pnoctcgko `jocjes
`jocjes kid kspcrktcnis.
kspcrktcnis.
0. In civnouitk
civn
k puicsbhjit enrouitkry
ry sjrvctud
k grchjsjrvctudjj citbj
wbjrjne kiypkrty
enrhsbkoo
sbkoobkvj
sbkoo jxcst`jji
jxcst jxgjpt
jxgjpt ks
duoy
gnivcgtjd.
Wjgtcni ;3.
;. Jxg
Jxgjsscv
jsscvjj ecijs sbkoo
sbkoo int `j chpnsjd,
chpnsjd, inr
inr grujo, djmrkdc
djmrkdcim
im
nr cibuhki puicsbhjit cieocgtjd. Ijctbjr sbkoo djktb pjikoty `j
chpnsjd, uiojss, enr gnhpjoocim rjksnis civnovcim bjcinus grchjs,
tbj Gnimrjss bjrjketjr prnvcdjs enr ct. Kiy djktb pjikoty korjkdy
chpnsjd sbkoo `j rjdugjd tn rjgouscni pjrpjtuk.
pjrpjtuk.
0. Tbj jhponyh
jhponyhjitjit ne pbyscgko,
pbyscgko, psygbnon
psygbnonmcgk
mcgko,o, nr djmrkdcim
djmrkdcim
puicsbhjitt kmkcist kiy prcsnijr nr djtkcijj nr tbj usj ne
puicsbhji
su`s
su`stk
tkid
idkr
krdd nr cicikd
kdjq
jquk
uktj
tj pj
pjik
ikoo ek
ekgc
gcoc
octcj
tcjss ui
uidj
djrr su su`b
`buh
uhki
ki
gnidctcnis sbkoo `j djkot wctb `y okw.
Wjgtcni 06. In pjrsni sbkoo `j chprcsnijd enr dj`t nr inipkyhjit ne k
pnoo tkx.
Wjgtcni 0;. In pjrsni sbkoo `j twcgj put ci ljnpkrdy ne puicsbhjit
puicsbhjit enr
tbj skhj neejisj. Ce ki kgt cs puicsbjd `y k okw kid ki nrdcikigj, gnivcgtcni
gnivcgtcni
nr kgqucttko uidjr jctbjr sbkoo gnistctutj k `kr tn kintbjr prnsjgutcni enr tbj
skhj kgt.
Wjgtcni 00. In jx pnst ekgtn okw nr `coo ne kttkcidjr sbkoo `j jikgtjd.
KPTCGOJ
WNGCKO LZWTCGJ KID RCCC
BZHKI PCMBTW
Wjgtcni ;. Tbj Gnimrjss sbkoo mcvj bcmbjst prcnrcty tn tbj jikgthjit ne

hjksurjs tbkt prntjgt kid jibkigj tbj rcmbt ne koo tbj pjnpoj tn buhki
dcmict
dcmicty,
y, rjd
rjdug
ugjj sng
sngcko
cko,, jg
jgni
ninh
nhcg,
cg, ki
kidd pn
pnoct
octcgk
cgkoo ci
cijq
jquko
ukoctc
ctcjs,
js, ki
kidd rj
rjhnv
hnvjj
guoturko cijquctcjs `y jquctkòy dceeuscim wjkotb kid pnoctcgko pnwjr enr tbj
gnhhni mnnd.
Tn tbcs jid, tbj Wtktj sbkoo rjmuoktj tbj kgqucsctcni, nwijrsbcp, usj, kid
dcspnsctcni ne prnpjrty kid cts cigrjhjits.
Wjgtcn
Wjgt cni
i 0. Tb
Tbjj pr
prnh
nhnt
ntcn
cnii ne sn
snggck
ckoo lu
lust
stcg
cgjj sb
sbko
kooo ci
cigo
goud
udjj tb
tbjj
gnhhcthjit tn grjktj jgninhcg nppnrtuictcjs `ksjd ni erjjdnh ne cictcktcvj
kid sjoe-rjockigj.
OK@NP
Wjgtcni 7. Tbj Wtktj sbkoo keenrd euoo prntjgtcni tn ok`nr, ongko kid
nvjrsjks, nrmkiczjd kid uinrmkiczjd, kid prnhntj euoo jhponyhjit kid
jqukocty ne jhponyhjit nppnrtuictcjs enr koo.
Ct sb
sbko
kooo mu
mukr
krki
kitj
tjjj tb
tbjj rc
rcmb
mbts
ts ne ko
kooo wn
wnra
rajr
jrss tn sj
sjoe
oe-n
-nrm
rmki
kicz
czkt
ktcn
cni,
i,
gnoojgtcvj `krmkcicim kid ijmntcktcnis, kid pjkgjeuo gnigjrtjd kgtcvctcjs,
cigoudcim tbj rcmbt tn strcaj ci kggnrdkigj wctb okw. Tbjy sbkoo `j jitctojd tn
sjgurcty ne tjiurj, buhkij gnidctcnis
gnidctcnis ne wnra, kid k ocvcim wkmj. Tbjy sbkoo
kosn pkrtcgcpktj ci pnocgy kid djgcscnihkacim prngjssjs keejgtcim tbjcr rcmbts
kid `jijects ks hky `j prnvcdjd `y okw.
Tbj Wtktj sbkoo prnhntj tbj prcigcpoj ne sbkrjd rjspnisc`cocty `jtwjji
wnraj
wn rajrs
rs ki
kidd jh
jhpon
ponyj
yjrs
rs ki
kidd tbj prj
prjej
ejrji
rjitck
tckoo us
usjj ne vno
vnoui
uitkr
tkryy hnd
hndjs
js ci
sjtto
sjttocim
cim dc
dcspu
sputjs
tjs,, cig
cigoud
oudcim
cim gn
gnig
igcock
cocktcn
tcni,
i, ki
kidd sb
sbkoo
koo ji
jienr
enrgj
gj tbj
tbjcr
cr hu
hutuk
tukoo
gnhpockigj tbjrjwctb tn enstjr cidustrcko pjkgj.
Tbj Wtktj sbkoo rjmuoktj tbj rjoktcnis `jtwjji wnrajrs kid jhponyjrs,
rjgnmiczcim tbj rcmbt ne ok`nr tn cts lust sbkrj ci tbj eructs ne prndugtcni kid
tbj rcmbt ne jitjrprcsjs tn rjksnikòj rjturis tn civjsthjits, kid tn jxpkiscni
kid mrnwtb.
KMPKPCKI KID IKTZPKO PJWNZPGJW PJENPH

Wjgtcni 4. Tbj Wtktj sb sbkoo
koo,, `y okw
okw,, ui
uidjr
djrtka
tkajj ki km kmrk
rkrck
rckii rje
rjenrh
nrh
prnmrkh enuidjd ni tbj rcmbt ne ekrhjrs kid rjmuokr ekrhwnrajekrhwnrajrs rs wbn krj
okidojss, tn nwi dcrjgtoy nr gnoojgtcvjoy tbj okids tbjy tcoo nr, ci tbj gksj ne
ntbjr ekrhwnrajrs, tn rjgjcvj k lust sbkrj ne tbj eructs tbjrjne. Tn tbcs jid,
tbjj Wt
tb Wtkt
ktjj sb
sbkkoo ji
jign
gnur
urkm
kmjj ki
kidd uiuidj
djrt
rtka
kajj tb
tbjj lu
lust
st dcdcst
strc
rcù
ùtc
tcni
ni ne kokooo
kmrcguoturkoo okids, su`ljgt tn sugb prcnrctcjs kid rjksnik`
kmrcguoturk rjksnikòj oj rjtjitcni ochcts ks
tbj Gnimrjss hky prjsgrc`j, tkacim citn kggnuit jgnonmcgko, djvjonphjitko,
TBJ ;32= GNIWTCTZTCNI NE TBJ VBCOCVVCIJW 43
nr jqucty gniscdjrktcnis,
gniscdjrktcnis, kid su`ljgt tn tbj pkyhjit ne lust gnhpjisk
gnhpjisktcni.
tcni. Ci
djtj
djtjrh
rhci
cici
cimm rj
rjtj
tjit
itcn
cnii oc
ochc
hcts
ts,, tb
tbjj Wt
Wtkt
ktjj sb
sbko
kooo rj
rjsp
spjg
jgtt tb
tbjj rc
rcmb
mbtt ne sh
shko
kooo
okidnwijrs. Tbj Wtktj sbkoo eurtbjr prnvcdj cigjitcvjs enr vnouitkry okid-
sbkrcim.
Wjgtcni :. Tbj Wtktj sbkoo rjgnmiczj tbj rcmbt ne ekrhjrs, ekrhwnrajrs,
kid okidnwijrs, ks wjoo ks gnnpjrktcvjs, kid ntbjr cidjpjidjit ekrhjrsÚ
nrmkiczktcnis tn pkrtcgcpktj ci tbj pokiicim, nrmkiczktcni, kid hkikmjhjit
ne tbj prnmrkh, kid sbkoo prnvcdj suppnrt tn kmrcguoturj tbrnumb kpprnprcktj
tjgbinonmy kid rjsjkrgb, kid kdjquktj ecikigcko, prndugtcni, hkrajtcim, kid
ntbjr suppnrt sjrvcgjs.
Wjgtcni 5. Tbj Wtktj sbkoo kppoy tbj prcigcpojs ne kmrkrcki rjenrh nr
stjwkrdsbcp, wbjijvjr kppocgkòj ci kggnrdkigj wctb okw, ci tbj dcspnsctcni
nr utcoczktcni ne ntbjr ikturko rjsnurgjs, cigoudcim okids ne tbj puòcg dnhkci
uidjr ojksj nr gnigjsscni suctkòj tn kmrcguoturj, su`ljgt tn prcnr rcmbts,
bnhjstjkd rcmbts ne shkoo sjttojrs, kid tbj rcmbts ne cidcmjinus gnhhuictcjs
tn tbjc
tbjcrr ki
ekrhwnrajrs
ekrhwnra kigj
jrsgjst
cistrk
rko
ctso nwi
okid
okids.
s. Tb
Tbjj Wt
Wtkt
kmrcguoturkoktj
j hk
hkyywbcgb
jstktjs rjsj
rjsjtto
ttoj
j ok
sbkoookid
`jidoj
ojss
ss ek
ekrh
rhjr
dcstrcùtjdjrs
tns tbjh
kidd
ki
ci tbj hkiijr prnvcdjd `y okw.
Wjgtcni =. Tbj Wtktj sbkoo prntjgt tbj rcmbts ne su`scstjigj ecsbjrhji,
Wjgtcni
jspjgckooy ne ongko gnhhuictcjs, tn tbj prjejrjitcko usj ne tbj gnhhuiko
hkrcij kid ecsbcim rjsnurgjs, `ntb ciokid kid neesbnrj. Ct sbkoo prnvcdj
suppnrt tn sugb ecsbjrhji tbrnumb kpprnprcktj tjgbinonmy kid rjsjkrgb,
kdjquktj ecikigcko, prndugtcni, kid hkrajtcim ksscstkigj, kid ntbjr sjrvcgjs.
Tbj Wtktj sbkoo kosn prntjgt, djvjonp, kid gnisjrvj sugb rjsnurgjs. Tbj
prntjgtcni sbkoo jxtjid tn neesbnrj ecsbcim mrnuids ne su`scstji
su`scstjigj
gj ecsbjrhji
kmkcist enrjcmi citruscni. Ecsbwnrajrs sbkoo rjgjcvj k lust sbkrj ernh tbjcr
ok`nr ci tbj utcoczktcni ne hkrcij kid ecsbcim rjsnurgjs.
Wjgtcni 2. Tbj Wtktj sbkoo prnvcdj cigjitcvjs tn okidnwijrs tn civjst
tbj prngjjds ne tbj kmrkrcki rjenrh prnmrkh tn prnhntj cidustrckoczktcni,
jhponyhjit grjktcni, kid prcvktczktcni ne puòcg sjgtnr jitjrprcsjs. Ecikigcko
cistruhjits usjd ks pkyhjit enr tbjcr okids sbkoo `j bninrjd ks jqucty ci
jitjrprcsjs ne tbjcr gbncgj.
ZP@KI OKID PJENPH KID BNZWCIM

Wjgtcni
Wjgtcn i 3. Tb
Tbjj Wt
Wtkt
ktjj sb
sbko
koo,
o, `y ok
okw,
w, ki
kidd en
enrr tb
tbjj gn
gnhh
hhni
ni mn
mnnd
nd,,
uidjrtkaj, ci gnnpjrktcni wctb tbj prcvktj sjgtnr, k gnitciucim prnmrkh ne
ur`ki okid rjenrh kid bnuscim wbcgb wcoo hkaj kvkcokòj kt keenrdkòj gnst,
djgjit
ci ur`
ur`kibnuscim
ki gjitj
gj rskidki
itjrs `kscg
kid
d rj sjrvcgjs
rjsjt
sjttoj
tojhjittnkr
hjit uidjrprcvcojmjd
krjk
jks.
s. Ct sbk
sbkoo kid
oo kos
kosn bnhjojss
n prn
prnhnt gctczjis
hntjj kd
kdjq
jquk
uktj
tj
:6 BZHKI PCMBTW OK], BZHKI PCMBTW GZOTZPJ
jhponyhjit nppnrtuictcjs tn sugb gctczjis. Ci tbj chpojhjitktcni ne sugb

prnmrkh tbj
tbj Wtktj sbkoo rjspjgt
rjspjgt tbj rcmbts ne shkoo prnpjrty
prnpjrty nwijrs.
Wjgtcni ;6. Zr`ki nr rurko pnnr dwjoojrs sbkoo int `j jvcgtjd inr tbjcr
dwjoocim djhnocsbjd, jxgjpt ci kggnrdkigj wctb okw kid ci k lust kid
buhkij hkiijr.
In rjsjttojhjit ne ur`ki nr rurko dwjoojrs sbkoo `j uidjrtka
uidjrtkaji
ji wctbnut
kdjquktj gnisuotktcni wctb tbjh kid tbj gnhhuictcjs wbjrj tbjy krj tn `j
rjongktjd.
BJKOTB
Wjgtcni ;;. Tbj Wtktj sbkoo kdnpt ki citjmrktjd kid gnhprjbjiscvj
kpprnkgb tn bjkotb djvjonphjit wbcgb sbkoo jidjkvnr tn hkaj jssjitcko
mnnd
mn nds,
s, bj
bjko
kotb
tb ki
kidd nt
ntbj
bjrr sn
sngc
gcko
ko sj
sjrv
rvcg
cgjs
js kvkvkc
kcok
okò
òjj tn ko
kooo tb
tbjj pj
pjnp
npoj
oj kt
keenrdkòj gnst. Tbjrj sbkoo `j prcnrcty enr tbj ijjds ne tbj uidjr-prcvcojmjd,
scga, jodjroy,
prnvcdj dcskòjd,
erjj hjdcgko
erjj gkrjwnhji,
gkrj kid
s. gbcodrji. Tbj Wtktj sbkoo jidjkvnr tn
tn pkupjrs.
pkupjr
Wjgtcni ;0. Tbj Wtktj sbkoo jstkòcsb kid hkcitkci ki jeejgtcvj ennd
kid drum rjmuoktnry systjh kid uidjrtkaj kpprnprcktj bjkotb, hkipnwjr
djvjonphjit, kid rjsjkrgb, rjspniscvj tn tbj gnuitryÚ s bjkotb ijjds kid
prnòjhs.
Wjgtcni ;7. Tbj Wtktj sbkoo jstkòcsb k spjgcko kmjigy enr dcskòjd
pjrsni enr tbjcr rjbk`coctktcn
rjbk`coctktcni,
i, sjoe-djvjon
sjoe-djvjonphjit,
phjit, kid sjoerjockigj
sjoerjockigj,, kid tbjcr
citjmrktcni citn tbj hkcistrjkh ne sngcjty.
]NHJI
Wjgtcni ;4. Tbj Wtktj sbkoo prntjgt wnracim wnhji `y prnvcdcim skej
kidd bj
ki bjko
kotb
tbeu
euoo wn
wnra
raci
cimm gn
gnid
idctctcn
cnis
is,, tk
tkac
acim
im ci
citn
tn kg
kggn
gnuiuitt tb
tbjc
jcrr hk
hktj
tjri
riko
ko
euigt
euigtcni
cnis,
s, kid sug
sugbb ek
ekgco
gcoctcj
ctcjss ki
kidd np
nppn
pnrtu
rtuic
ictcj
tcjss tbk
tbktt wco
wcooo ji
jibk
bkigj
igj tb
tbjcr
jcr
wjoekrj kid jikòj tbjh tn rjkoczj tbjcr euoo pntjitcko ci tbj sjrvcgj ne tbj
iktcni.
PNOJ KID PCMBTW NE VJNVOJÚ W NPMKIC\KTCNIW

Wjgtcni ;:. Tbj Wtktj sbkoo rjspjgt tbj rnoj ne cidjpjidjit pjnpojÚ s
nrmk
nrmkic
iczk
zktc
tcni
niss tn ji
jik`
kòj
oj tb
tbjj pjpjnp
npoj
oj tn pupurs
rsuj
uj ki
kidd pr
prnt
ntjg
jgt,
t, wc
wctb
tbci
ci tb
tbjj
djhn
dj hngr
grkt
ktcg
cg ererkh
khjw
jwnr
nra,
a, tb
tbjc
jcrr oj
ojmc
mctch
tchkt
ktjj ki
kidd gn
gnoo
oojg
jgtc
tcvj
vj cicitj
tjrj
rjst
stss ki
kidd
kspcrktcnis tbrnumb pjkgjeuo kid okweuo hjkis.

TBJ ;32= GNIWTCTZTCNI NE TBJ VBCOCVVCIJW :;
VjnpojÚ
Vjnpoj Ú s nrm
nrmki
kiczk
czktcn
tcnis krjj `nik ecdj kssngcktcnis ne gctczjis wctb
is kr
djhnistrktjd gkpkgcty tn prnhntj tbj puòcg citjrjst kid wctb cdjitceckòj
ojkdjrsbcp, hjh`jrsbcp, kid strugturj.
Wjgtcni ;5. Tbj rcmbt ne tbj pjnpoj kid tbjcr nrmkiczktcnis tn jeejgtcvj
kid rjksnikòj pkrtcgcpktcni kt koo ojvjos ne sngcko, pnoctcgko, kid jgninhcg
djgcscni-hkacim sbkoo int `j k`rcdmjd. Tbj Wtktj sbkoo, `y okw, ekgcoctktj tbj
jstkòcsbhjit ne kdjquktj gnisuotktcni hjgbkicshs.
BZHKI PCMBTW
Wjgtcni ;=.
;. Tb
Tbjrj
jrj cs bj
bjrj`
rj`yy gr
grjk
jktjd
tjd ki cid
cidjp
jpjid
jidji
jitt ne
neecg
ecgjj gk
gkooj
oojdd tbj
Gnhhcsscni ni Buhki Pcmbts.
0. Tb
Tbjj Gn
Gnhh
hhcscssc
scni
ni sbkoo
sbkoo `j gn
gnhp
hpns
nsjd
jd ne k Gb
Gbkc
kcrh
rhki
ki ki
kidd
enur Hjh`jrs wbn hust `j ikturko-`nri gctczjis ne tbj Vbcocppcijs
kid k hklnrcty ne wbnh sbkoo `j hjh`jrs ne tbj @kr. Tbj tjrh ne
neecgj kid ntbjr qukocecgktcnis kid dcsk`coctcjs ne tbj Hjh`jrs ne
tbj Gnhhcsscni sbkoo `j prnvcdjd `y okw.
7. Zitc
tcoo tb
tbcs
cs Gn
Gnhhhcs
cssscn
cnii cs gni
nisstc
tctu
tutj
tjdd, tbj jxc
xcsstc
tciim
Vrjscdjitcko Gnhhcttjj ni Buhki Pcmbts sbkoo gnitciuj tn jxjrgcsj
cts prjsjit euigtcnis kid pnwjrs.
4. Tb
Tbjj kpp
kpprn
rnvjd
vjd kiiuko
kiiuko kpp
kpprn
rnprc
prcktc
ktcnis
nis ne tb
tbjj Gn
Gnhhc
hhcssc
sscni
ni
sbkoo `j kutnhktcgkooy kid rjmuokroy rjojksjd.
Wjgtcni
Wjgtcni ;2. Tb
Tbjj Gn
Gnhhhc
hcss
sscn
cnii ni Bu
Buhk
hkii Pc
Pcmb
mbts
ts sb
sbko
kooo bk
bkvj
vj tb
tbjj
enoonwcim pnwjrs kid euigtcnis<
;. Ci
Civj
vjstc
stcmk
mktj,
tj, ni cts nwi nr ni gnhpok
gnhpokcit
cit `y kiy pkrty,
pkrty, koo
enrhs ne buhki rcmbts vcnoktcnis civnovcim gcvco kid pnoctcgko rcmbts1
0. Kd
Kdnp
nptt cts npjrktc
npjrktcnik
nikoo mu
mucdj
cdjoci
ocijs
js ki
kidd ru
ruojs
ojs ne prn
prngj
gjdu
durj,
rj,
kid gctj enr gnitjhpt enr vcnoktcnis tbjrjne ci kggnrdkigj wctb tbj
Puojs ne Gnurt1
7. Vrn
Vrnvcd
vcdjj kp
kpprn
prnprc
prcktj
ktj ojmko
ojmko hj
hjksu
ksurj
rjss en
enrr tbj prntjg
prntjgtcn
tcnii ne
buhki rcmbts ne koo pjrsnis wctbci tbj Vbcocppcijs, ks wjoo ks
Ecocpcins rjscdcim k`rnkd, kid prnvcdj enr prjvjitcvj hjksurjs kid
ojmko kcd sjrvcgjs tn tbj uidjr-prcvcojmjd wbnsj buhki rcmbts bkvj
`jji vcnoktjd
vcnoktjd nr ijjd prntjgtcni1
prntjgtcni1
4. Jxj
Jxjrgcsj
ekgcoctcjs1 rgcsj vcsctnrc
vcsctnrcko
ko pnwjrs
pnwjrs nvjr lkcos,
lkcos, prcsnis,
prcsnis, nr djtjitcni
djtjitcni
:. Jstk
Jstkòcsb
òcsb k gnitciuc
gnitciucim
im prnmrkh
prnmrkh ne rjsjkrgb,
rjsjkrgb, jdugktcn
jdugktcni,
i, kid
cienrhktcni tn jibkigj rjspjgt enr tbj prchkgy ne buhki rcmbts1
5. Pj
Pjgnh
gnhhj hjidid tn Gni
Gnimrj
mrjss
ss je
jeejg
ejgtcv
tcvjj hj
hjksu
ksurj
rjss tn prn
prnhn
hntj
tj
buhk
bu hkii rc
rcmb
mbts
ts ki
kidd tn prprnv
nvcd
cdjj en
enrr gn
gnhp
hpjijisk
sktc
tcni
ni tn vcvcgt
gtch
chss ne
vcnoktcnis ne buhki rcmbts, nr tbjcr ekhcocjs1
=. Hni
Hnictn
ctnrr tbj Vbcocpp
Vbcocppcij
cij Mnvjri
Mnvjrihj hjitÚ
itÚ s gngnhpo
hpocki
ckigj
gj wct
wctbb
citjriktcniko trjkty nòcmktcnis ni buhki rcmbts1
2. Mr
Mrki
kitt ch
chhu
huic
icty
ty erernh
nh pr
prns
nsjg
jgut
utcn
cnii tn ki
kiyy pj
pjrs
rsni
ni wb
wbns
nsjj
tjstchniy nr wbnsj pnssjsscni ne dnguhjits nr ntbjr jvcdjigj cs
ijgjsskry nr gnivjicjit tn djtjrhcij tbj trutb ci kiy civjstcmktcni
gnidugtjd `y ct nr uidjr cts kutbnrcty1
3. Pjqu
Pjqujst
jst tbj ksscstki
ksscstkigj
gj ne kiy djpkrthj
djpkrthjit,
it, ùrjku,
ùrjku, neecgj,
neecgj,
nr kmjigy ci tbj pjrenrhkigj ne cts euigtcnis1
;6. Kppncit cts neecgjrs kid jhponyjjs ci kggnrdkigj
wctb okw1 kid
;;. Vjrenrh su
sugb ntntbjr du
dutcjs ki
kid eu
euigtcnis ks
ks hk
hky
`j prnvcdjd
prnvcdjd `y okw.
Wjgtcni ;3. Tbj Gnimrjss hky prnvcdj enr ntbjr gksjs ne vcnoktcnis ne
buhki rcmbts tbkt sbnuod ekoo wctbci tbj kutbnrcty ne tbj Gnhhcsscni, tkacim
citn kggnuit cts rjgnhhjidktcnis.
ZICUJPWKO DJGOKPKTCNI
NE BZHKI PCMBTW
VPJKH@OJ
]bjrjks rjgnmictcni ne tbj cibjrjit dcmicty kid ne tbj jquko kid
cikocjikòj rcmbts ne koo hjh`jrs ne tbj buhki ekhcoy cs tbj enuidktcni ne
erjjdnh, lustcgj kid pjkgj ci tbj wnrod,
]bjrjks dcsrjmkrd kid gnitjhpt enr buhki rcmbts bkvj rjsuotjd ci
`kr`krnus
`kr`krn us kgts wbcgb bkvj nutrkmjd tbj gnisgcji
gnisgcjigj
gj ne hkiacid, kid tbj
kdvjit ne k wnrod ci wbcgb buhki `jcims sbkoo jilny erjjdnh ne spjjgb kid
`jocje kid erjjdnh ernh ejkr kid wkit bks `jji prngokchj
prngokchjdd ks tbj bcmbjst
kspcrktcni ne tbj gnhhni pjnpoj,
]bjrjks ct cs jssjitcko, ce hki cs int tn `j gnhpjoojd tn bkvj rjgnursj,
ks k okst rjsnrt, tn rj`joocni kmkcist tyrkiiy kid npprjsscni, tbkt buhki rcmbts
sbnuod `j prntjgtjd `y tbj ruoj ne okw,
TBJ ;32= GNIWTCTZTCNI NE TBJ VBCOCVVCIJW :7
]bjrjks ct cs jssjitcko tn prnhntj tbj djvjonphjit ne ercjidoy rjoktcnis

`jtwjji iktcnis,
iktcnis,
]bjrjk
]bjr jkss tb
tbjj pj
pjnp
npoj
ojss ne tb
tbjj Zi
Zict
ctjd
jd Ik
Iktc
tcni
niss bk
bkvj
vj ci tb
tbjj Gb
Gbkr
krtj
tjrr
rjkeecrhjd tbjcr ekctb ci euidkhjitko buhki rcmbts, ci tbj dcmicty kid wnrtb
ne tbj buhki pjrsni kid ci tbj jquko rcmbts ne hji kid wnhji kid bkvj
djtjrhcijd tn prnhntj sngcko prnmrjss kid `jttjr stkidkrds ne ocej ci okrmjr
erjjdnh,
]bjrjks Hjh`jr Wtktjs bkvj pojdmjd tbjhsjovjs tn kgbcjvj, ci gn-
npjrktcni wctb tbj Zictjd Iktcnis, tbj prnhntcni ne uicvjrsko rjspjgt enr kid
n`sjrvkigj ne buhki rcmbts kid euidkhjitko erjjdnhs,
]bjrjks k gnhhni uidjrstkidcim ne tbjsj rcmbts kid erjjdnhs cs ne
tbj mrjktjst chpnrtkigj
chpnrtkigj enr tbj
t bj euoo rjkoczktcni ne tbcs pojdmj,
Inw, Tbjrjenrj TBJ MJIJPKO KWWJH@OS prngokchs
TBCW ZICUJPWKO DJGOKPKTCNI NE BZHKI PCMBTW ks
:5
k gnhhni stkidkrd ne kgbcjvjhjit

kgbcjvjhjit enr koo pjnpojs kid koo iktcnis, tn tbj jid
tbkt jvjry cidcvcduko kid jvjry nrmki ne sngcjty, ajjpcim tbcs Djgokrktcni
gnistkitoy ci hcid, sbkoo strcvj `y tjkgbcim kid jdugktcni
jdugktcni tn prnhntj rjspjgt
rjspjgt
enr tbjsj rcmbts kid erjjdnhs kid `y prnmrjsscvj hjksurjs, iktcniko kid
ci
citj
tjri
rikt
n`sjr
n` ktcn
sjrvkcnik
iko,
vkigj ,o,`n
igj, tn
tb sj
`ntb sjgu
gurj
khni
kh rjm tb
nim tbjc
tbjjcr
tb j rpjuicv
uicvjr
pjnpo jrsk
npojs
js sko
neo Hjh
kidd `jr
ki
Hjh`jjeej
jerejgt
gtcv
cvjj rj
Wtktjs
Wtk tjs rjgn
gnmi
mict
tbjhsj
tbj ctcn
cniis ki
hsjovj
ovjs kid
kiddd
ki
khnim tbj pjnpojs ne tjrrctnrcjs uidjr tbjcr lurcsdcgtcni.
Krtcgoj ;.
Koo buhki `jcims krj `nri erjj kid jquko ci dcmicty kid rcmbts. Tbjy
krj jidnwjd wctb rjksni kid gnisgcji
gnisgcjigj
gj kid sbnuod kgt tnwkrds nij kintbjr
ci k spcrct ne `rntbjrbnnd.
Krtcgoj 0.
Jvjrynij cs jitctojd tn koo tbj rcmbts kid erjjdnhs sjt enrtb ci tbcs
Dj
Djgok
gokrkt
okimu
oki rktcni
mukmj
kmj,cni,, ocmcni
, rj wctbn
wct
rjocm bnut
,utpn
cni, dcstci
dcs
pnocttcigtc
octcgkgtcni
cgko ni ntb
o nr ne jrki
ntbjrkiyynpacid,
aci
npcic d, , su
cicni
ni, sugb
gbcniko
ksko rk
iktcni
ikt rkgj
nrgj,,sng
gnonu
gn onur,
sngcko
cko r,nrcsjx,
sj
nrcmci x,,
mci,
prnpjrty, `crtb nr ntbjr stktus. Eurtbjrhnrj
Eurtbjrhnrj,, in dcstcigtcni sbkoo `j hkdj ni
tbj `kscs ne tbj pnoctcgko, lurcsdcgtcniko nr citjriktcniko stktus ne tbj gnuitry
nr tjrrctnry tn wbcgb k pjrsni `jonims, wbjtbjr ct `j cidjpjidjit, trust, ini-
sjoe-mnvjricim nr uidjr kiy ntbjr ochctktcni ne snvjrjcmity.
Krtcgoj 7.
Jvjrynij bks tbj rcmbt tn ocej, oc`jrty kid sjgurcty ne pjrsni.
Krtcgoj 4.
Inprnbc`ctjd
sbkoo `j nij sbkoo ci
`jkoo
bjod ci sokvjry
tbjcr sokvjry nr sjrvctudj1
enrhs. sjrvctudj1 sokvjry kid tbj sokvj trkdj
trkdj
Krtcgoj :.
In nij sbkoo `j su`ljgtjd tn tnrturj nr tn grujo, cibuhki nr djmrkdci
djmrkdcimm
trjkthjit nr puicsbhjit.
Krtcgoj 5.
Jvjrynij bks tbj rcmbt tn rjgnmictcni jvjrywbjrj ks k pjrsni `jenrj
tbj okw.
Krtcgoj =.
ZICUJPWKO DJGOKPKTCNI NE BZHKI PCMBTW ::
Koo krj jquko `jenrj tbj okw kid krj jitctojd wctbnut kiy dcsgrchciktcni
tn jquko prntjgtcni ne tbj okw. Koo krj jitctojd tn jquko prntjgtcni kmkcist kiy
dcsgrchciktcni ci vcnoktcni ne tbcs Djgokrktcni kid kmkcist kiy cigctjhjit tn
sugb dcsgrchciktcn
dcsgrchciktcni.
i.
Krtcgoj 2.
Jvjryn
Jvjr ynij
ij bk
bkss tb
tbjj rc
rcmb
mbtt tn ki je
jeej
ejgt
gtcv
cvjj rj
rjhj
hjdy
dy `y tbtbjj gn
gnhp
hpjt
jtji
jitt
iktcniko trcùikos enr kgts vcnoktcim tbj euidkhjitko rcmbts mrkitjd bch `y tbj
gnistctutcni nr `y okw.
Krtcgoj 3.
In nij sbkoo
sbkoo `j su`ljgtjd
su`ljgtjd tn kr`ctrkry
kr`ctrkry krrjst, djtjitcni nr jxcoj.
Krtcgoj ;6.
Jvjrynij cs jitctojd ci euoo jqukocty tn k ekcr kid puòcg bjkrcim `y ki
cidjpjidjit kid chpkrtcko trcùiko, ci tbj djtjrhciktcni ne bcs rcmbts kid
nòcmktcnis kid ne kiy grchciko gbkrmj kmkcist bch.
Krtcgoj ;;.
(;)Jvjrynij gbkrmjd wctb k pjiko neejigj bks tbj rcmbt tn `j
prjsuhjdd ciingjit uitco prnvjd mucoty kggnrd
prjsuhj kggnrdcim
cim tn okw ci k puòcg
trck
trckoo kt wb
wbcg
cgbb bj bk
bkss bk
bkdd ko
kooo tb
tbjj mu
mukr
krki
kitj
tjjs
js ij
ijgj
gjss
sskr
kryy en
enrr bc
bcss
djejigj.
(0)In nij sbkoo `j bjod mucoty ne kiy pjiko neejigj ni
kggnuit ne kiy kgt nr nhcsscni wbcgb dcd int gnistctutj k pjiko
neejigj, uidjr iktcniko nr citjriktcniko okw, kt tbj tchj wbji ct wks
gnhhcttjd.. Inr sbkoo k bjkvcjr pjikoty `j chpnsjd tbki tbj nij tbkt
gnhhcttjd
wks kppocgkòj kt tbj tchj tbj pjiko neejigj wks gnhhcttjd.
Krtcgoj ;0.
In nij sbkoo `j su`ljgtj
su`ljgtjdd tn kr`ctrkry citjrejrjigj wctb bcs prcvkgy,
ekhc
ekhcoy
oy,, bn
bnhj
hj nr gn gnrr
rrjs
jspn
pnid
idji
jigjgj,, in
inrr tn kt
kttk
tkga
gass up
upni
ni bc
bcss bn
bnin
inur
ur ki
kidd
rjputktcni. Jvjrynij bks tbj rcmbt tn tbj prntjgtcni ne tbj okw kmkcist sugb
citjrejrjigj nr kttkgas.
Krtcgoj ;7.
(;)) Jv
(; Jvjr
jryn
ynij
ij bk
bkss tb
tbjj rc
rcmb
mbtt tn er
erjj
jjdn
dnh
h ne hn
hnvj
vjhj
hjit
it ki
kidd
rjscdjigj wctbci tbj `nrdjrs ne jkgb stktj.
(0)Jvjrynij bks tbj rcmbt tn ojkvj kiy gnuitry, cigoudcim bcs

nwi, kid tn rjturi tn bcs gnuitry.
Krtcgoj ;4.
(;)Jvjrynij bks tbj rcmbt tn sjja kid tn jilny ci ntbjr
gnuitrcjs ksyouh ernh pjrsjgutcni.
(0)Tbcs rcmbt hky int `j civnajd ci tbj gksj ne prnsjgutcnis
mjiucijoy krcscim ernh ini-pnoctcgko grchjs nr ernh kgts gnitrkry tn
tbj purpnsjs kid prcigcpojs ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis.
Krtcgoj ;:.
(;) Jvjrynij bk
bks tbj rc
rcmbt tn
tn k ik
iktcnikocty.
(0) In ninij sb
sbkoo `j kr`c
`ctr
trkkrc
rcoy
oy dj
djpprcv
cvjjd ne
ne bcs
bcs iktc
tcnnikoc
octy
ty inr
djicjd tbj rcmbt tn gbkimj bcs iktcnikocty.
Krtcgoj ;5.
(;)Hji kid wnhji ne euoo kmj, wctbnut kiy ochctktcni duj tn
rkgj, iktcnikocty nr rjocmcni, bkvj tbj rcmbt tn hkrry kid tn enuid k
ekhcoy. Tbjy krj jitctojd tn jquko rcmbts ks tn hkrrckmj, durcim
hkrrckmj kid kt cts dcssnoutcni.
(0)Hkrrckmj sbkoo `j jitjrjd citn nioy wctb tbj erjj kid euoo
gnisjit ne tbj citjidcim spnusjs.
(7)Tbj ekhcoy cs tbj ikturko kid euidkhjitko mrnup uict ne
sngcjty kid cs jitctojd tn prntjgtcni `y sngcjty kid tbj Wtktj.
Krtcgoj ;=.
(;) Jvjrynij bbkks tb
tbj rc
rcmbt tn
tn nw
nwi pprrnpjrty kkoonij ks
ks wj
wjoo ks
ks
ci kssngcktcni wctb ntbjrs.
(0) In nij sbkoo `j
`j kr
kr`ctrkrcoy dj
djprcvjd ne bc
bcs pr
prnpjrty.
Krtcgoj ;2.
Jvjrynij bks tbj rcmbt tn erjjdnh ne tbnumbt, gnisgcjigj kid rjocmcni1
tbcs rcmbt cigoudjs erjjdnh tn gbkimj bcs rjocmcni nr `jocje, kid erjjdnh,
jctbjr konij nr ci gnhhuicty wctb ntbjrs kid ci puòcg nr prcvktj, tn hkicejst
bcs rjocmcni nr `jocje ci tjkgbcim, prkgtcgj, wnrsbcp kid n`sjrvkigj.
Krtcgoj ;3.
ZICUJPWKO DJGOKPKTCNI NE BZHKI PCMBTW :=
Jvjrynij bks tbj rcmbt tn erjjdnh ne npcicni kid jxprjsscni1 tbcs rcmbt
cigoudjs erjjdnh tn bnod npcicnis wctbnut citjrejrjigj kid tn sjja, rjgjcvj
kid chpkrt cienrhktcni kid cdjks tbrnumb kiy hjdck kid rjmkrdojss ne
ernitcjrs.
Krtcgoj 06.
(;) Jvjrynij bk
bks tb
tbj rc
rcmbt tn
tn er
erjjdnh ne
ne pj
pjkgjeuo ks
kssjhòy
kid kssngcktcni.
(0) In nij hky `j gnhpjoojd tn `jonim tn ki kssngcktcni.
Krtcgoj 0;.
(;)Jvjrynij bks tbj rcmbt tn tkaj pkrt ci tbj mnvjrihjit ne
bcs gnuitry, dcrjgtoy nr tbrnumb erjjoy gbnsji rjprjsjitktcvjs.
(0)Jvjrynij bks tbj rcmbt ne jquko kggjss tn puòcg sjrvcgj ci
bcs gnuitry.
(7)Tbj wcoo ne tbj pjnpoj sbkoo `j tbj `kscs ne tbj kutbnrcty ne
mnvjrihjit1 tbcs wcoo sbkoo `j jxprjssjd ci pjrcndcg kid mjiucij
jojgtcnis wbcgb sbkoo `j `y uicvjrsko kid jquko sueerkmj kid sbkoo
`j bjod `y sjgrjt
sjgrjt vntj nr `y jqucvkoji
jqucvkojitt erjj vntcim prngjdurj
prngjdurjs.
s.
Krtcgoj 00.
Jvjrynij, ks k hjh`jr ne sngcjty, bks tbj rcmbt tn sngcko sjgurcty kid cs
jitctojd tn rjkoczktcni, tbrnumb iktcniko jeenrt kid citjriktcniko gn-npjrktcni
kid ci kggnrdkigj wctb tbj nrmkiczktcni kid rjsnurgjs ne jkgb Wtktj, ne tbj
jgninhcg,, sngcko kid guoturko rcmbts cidcspjiskòj
jgninhcg cidcspjiskòj enr bcs dcmicty kid tbj erjj
djvjonphjit ne bcs pjrsnikocty.
Krtcgoj 07.
(;)Jvjjry
(;)Jv rynnij bks tb
tbjj rcm
cmbbt tn wn
wnrra, tn erj
rjjj gbncg
cgjj ne
jhponyhjit, tn lust kid ekvnurkòj gnidctcnis ne wnra kid tn
prntjgtcni kmkcist
kmkcist uijhponyhjit.
uijhponyhjit.
(0)Jvjrynij
(0)Jvjryn ij,, wct
wctbnu
bnutt ki
kiyy dcs
dcsgr
grchc
chcik
iktcn
tcni,
i, bk
bkss tbj rcm
rcmbt
bt tn
jquko pky enr jquko wnra.
(7)Jvjrynij wbn wnras bks tbj rcmbt tn lust kid ekvnurkòj
rjhui
rjhuijr
jrktc
ktcni
ni ji
jisur
surcim
cim enr bc
bchsj
hsjoe
oe ki
kidd bcs ek
ekhco
hcoyy ki jx
jxcst
cstji
jigj
gj
wnrtby ne buhki dcmicty, kid suppojhjitjd, ce ijgjsskry, `y ntbjr
hjkis ne sngcko prntjgtcni.
(4)Jvjrynij bks tbj rcmbt tn enrh kid tn lnci trkdj uicnis enr
tbj prntjgtcni ne bcs citjrjsts.
Krtcgoj 04.
Jvjryn
Jvjr ynij
ij bk
bkss tb
tbjj rc
rcmb
mbtt tn rj
rjst
st ki
kidd oj
ojcs
csur
urj,
j, ci
cigo
goud
udci
cimm rj
rjks
ksni
nik`
kòj
oj
ochctktcni ne wnracim bnurs kid pjrcndcg bnocdkys wctb pky.
Krtcgoj 0:.
(;)Jvjrynij bks tbj rcmbt tn k stkidkrd ne ocvcim kdjquktj enr
tbj bjkotb kid wjoo-`jcim ne bchsjoe kid ne bcs ekhcoy, cigoudcim
ennd,
ennd, gon
gontb
tbcim
cim,, bn
bnus
uscim
cim ki
kidd hj
hjdcg
dcgko
ko gk
gkrj
rj ki
kidd ij
ijgj
gjssk
sskry
ry sng
sngcko
cko
sjrvcgjs, kid tbj rcmbt tn sjgurcty ci tbj jvjit ne uijhponyhjit,
scgaijss, dcsk`cocty, wcdnwbnnd, nod kmj nr ntbjr okga ne ocvjocbnnd
ci gcrguhstkigjs `jynid bcs gnitrno.
(0)Hntbjrbnnd kid gbcodbnnd krj jitctojd tn spjgcko gkrj kid
ksscstkigj. Koo gbcodrji, wbjtbjr `nri ci nr nut ne wjdonga, sbkoo
jilny tbj skhj sngcko prntjgtcni.
Krtcgoj 05.
(;)Jvjrynij bks tbj rcmbt tn jdugktcni. Jdugktcni sbkoo `j
erjj, kt ojkst ci tbj jojhjitkry kid euidkhjitko stkmjs. Jojhjitkry
jdug
jd ugkt
ktcn
cnii sb
sbko
kooo `j gngnhp
hpuo
uosn
snry
ry.. Tj
Tjgb
gbic
icgk
gkoo ki
kidd pr
prne
nejs
jssc
scni
niko
ko
jdugktcni sbkoo `j hkdj mjijrkooy kvkcokòj kid bcmbjr jdugktcni
sbkoo `j jqukooy kggjsscòj tn koo ni tbj `kscs ne hjrct.
(0)Jdugktcni sbkoo `j dcrjgtjd
(0)Jdugktcni dcrjgtjd tn tbj euoo djvjonphj
djvjonphjitit ne tbj
buhki pjrsnikocty kid tn tbj strjimtbjicim ne rjspjgt enr buhki
rcmbts kid euidkhjitko erjjdnhs. Ct sbkoo prnhntj uidjrstkidcim,
tnojr
tnojrki
kigj
gj ki
kidd erc
ercji
jidsb
dsbcp
cp kh
khni
nimm koo ik
iktcn
tcnis,
is, rk
rkgck
gckoo nr rj
rjocm
ocmcnu
cnuss
mrnups, kid sbkoo eurtbjr tbj kgtcvctcjs ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis enr tbj
hkcitjikigj ne pjkgj.
(7)Vkrjits bkvj k prcnr rcmbt tn gbnnsj tbj acid ne jdugktcni
tbkt sbkoo `j mcvji tn tbjcr gbcodrji.
Krtcgoj 0=.
(;)Jvjrynij bks tbj rcmbt erjjoy tn pkrtcgcpktj ci tbj guoturko
ocej ne tbj gnhhuicty, tn jilny tbj krts kid tn sbkrj ci sgcjitcecg
kdvkigjhjit kid cts `jijects.
ZICUJPWKO DJGOKPKTCNI NE BZHKI PCMBTW :3
(0)Jvjrynij bks tbj rcmbt tn tbj prntjgtcni ne tbj hnrko kid

hktjrcko citjrjsts rjsuotcim ernh kiy sgcjitcecg, octjrkry nr krtcstcg
prndugtcnii ne wbcgb bj cs
prndugtcn cs tbj kutbnr.
Krtcgoj 02.
Jvjrynij cs jitctojd tn k sngcko kid citjriktcniko nrdjr ci wbcgb tbj
rcmbts kid erjjdnhs sjt enrtb ci tbcs Djgokrktcni gki `j euooy rjkoczjd.
Krtcgoj 03.
(;)Jvjrynij bks dutcjs tn tbj gnhhuicty ci wbcgb konij tbj
erjj kid euoo djvjonphjit ne bcs pjrsnikocty cs pnsscòj.
(0)Ci tbj jxjrgcsj ne bcs rcmbts kid erjjdnhs, jvjrynij sbkoo
`j su`ljgt nioy tn sugb ochctktcnis
oc hctktcnis ks krj djtjrhcij
djtjrhcijdd `y okw snojoy
enr tbj purpnsj ne sjgurcim duj rjgnmictcni kid rjspjgt enr tbj
rcmbts kid erjjdnhs ne ntbjrs kid ne hjjtcim tbj lust rjqucrjhjits
ne hnrkocty, puòcg nrdjr kid tbj mjijrko wjoekrj ci k djhngrktcg
sngcjty.
(7)Tbjsj rcmbts kid erjjdnhs hky ci in gksj `j jxjrgcsjd
gnitrkry tn tbj purpnsjs kid prcigcpojs ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis.
Krtcgoj 76.
Intbcim ci tbcs Djgokrktcni hky `j citjrprj
citjrprjtjd
tjd ks chpoycim enr kiy
Wtktj, mrnup nr pjrsni kiy rcmbt tn jimkmj ci kiy kgtcvcty nr tn pjrenrh kiy
kgt kchjd kt tbj djstrugtcni ne kiy ne tbj rcmbts kid erjjdnhs sjt enrtb
bjrjci.
56
CITJPIKTCNIKO GNUJIKIT NI
GCUCO KID VNOCTCGKO
PCMBTW
Kdnptjd kid npjijd enr scmikturj, rktcecgktcni kid kggjsscni `y
Mjijrko Kssjhòy rjsnoutcni 0066K (RRC)
ne ;5 Djgjh`jr ;355 jitry citn enrgj 07 Hkrgb ;3=5, ci kggnrdkigj
wctb Krtcgoj 43
Vrjkhòj
Tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs tn tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit,
Gniscdjrcim tbkt, ci kggnrdkigj wctb tbj prcigcpojs prngokchjd ci tbj
Gbkrtjr ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis, rjgnmictcni ne tbj cibjrjit dcmicty kid ne tbj
jquko kid cikocjikòj
enuidktcni rcmbts kid
ne erjjdnh, lustcgj ne koo hjh`jrs
pjkgj ne tbj buhki ekhcoy cs tbj
ci tbj wnrod,
Pjgnmiczcim tbkt tbjsj rcmbts djrcvj ernh tbj cibjrjit dcmicty ne tbj
buhki pjrsni,
Pjgnmiczcim tbkt, ci kggnrdkigj wctb tbj Zicvjrsko Djgokrktcni ne
Buhki Pcmbts, tbj cdjko ne erjj buhki `jcims jilnycim gcvco kid pnoctcgko
erjjdnh kid erjjdnh ernh ejkr kid wkit gki nioy `j kgbcjvjd ce gnidctcnis
krj grjktjd wbjrj`y jvjrynij hky jilny bcs gcvco kid pnoctcgko rcmbts, ks wjoo
ks bcs jgninhcg, sngcko kid guoturko rcmbts,
Gniscdjrcim tbj nòcmktcni ne Wtktjs uidjr tbj Gbkrtjr ne tbj Zictjd
Iktcnis tn prnhntj uicvjrsk
uicvjrskoo rjspjgt enr, kid n`sjrvki
n`sjrvkigj
gj ne, buhki rcmbts
kid erjjdnhs,
Pjkoczcim tbkt tbj cidcvcduko, bkvcim dutcjs tn ntbjr cidcvcdukos kid tn
tbj gnhhuicty tn wbcgb bj `jonims, cs uidjr k rjspnisc`cocty tn strcvj enr tbj
prnhntcni kid
kid n`sjrvkigj
n`sjrvkigj ne tbj rcmbts
rcmbts rjgnmiczjd
rjgnmiczjd ci tbj prjsjit
prjsjit Gnvjikit,
Gnvjikit,
Kmrjj upni tbj enoonwcim krtcgojs<
57
VKPT C
CITJPIKTCNIKO GN
GNUJI
JIK
KIT NI
NI GC
GCUCO KI
KID VN
VNOCTCGKO PC
PCMBTW 5;
Krtcgoj ;
;. Koo pjnpojs
pjnpojs bkvj
bkvj tbj rcmbt ne sjoe-djt
sjoe-djtjrhc
jrhciktc
iktcni.
ni. @y vcrtuj
vcrtuj
ne tbkt rcmbt tbjy erjjoy djtjrhcij tbjcr pnoctcgko stktus kid erjjoy
pursuj tbjcr jgninhcg
jgninhcg,, sngcko kid guoturko
guoturko djvjonphjit.
djvjonphjit.
0. Koo pjnpojs
pjnpojs hky,
hky, enr tbjcr
tbjcr nwi jids,
jids, erjjoy
erjjoy dcspns
dcspnsjj ne tbjcr
ikturko wjkotb kid rjsnurgjs wctbnut prjludcgj tn kiy nòcmktcnis
krcscim nut ne citjriktcniko jgninhcg gn-npjrktcni, `ksjd upni tbj
prcigcpoj ne hutuko `jiject, kid citjriktcniko okw. Ci in gksj hky k
pjnpoj `j djprcvjd
djprcvjd ne cts nwi
nwi hjkis ne su`scstjig
su`scstjigj.j.
7. Tbj Wtktjs
Wtktjs Vkrtcjs
Vkrtcjs tn tbj prjsjit
prjsjit Gnvji
Gnvjikit,
kit, cigoudc
cigoudcim
im tbnsj
tbnsj
bkvcim rjspnisc`cocty enr tbj kdhcicstrktcni ne Ini-WjoeMnvjricim
kid Trust Tjrrctnrcjs, sbkoo prnhntj tbj rjkoczktcni ne tbj rcmbt ne
sjoe-djtjrhciktcni, kid sbkoo rjspjgt tbkt rcmbt, ci gnienrhcty wctb
tbj prnvcscnis ne tbj Gbkrtjr ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis.
VKPT CC
Krtcgoj 0
;. Jk
Jkgb
gb Wtk
Wtktj
tj Vk
Vkrt
rtyy tn tbtbjj pr
prjs
jsji
jitt Gn
Gnvj
vjik
ikit
it ui
uidj
djrtrtka
kajs
js tn
rjspjgt kid tn jisurj tn koo cidcvcdukos wctbci cts tjrrctnry kid
su`l
su`ljg
jgtt tn cts lulurc
rcsd
sdcg
cgtc
tcni
ni tb tbjj rc
rcmb
mbts
ts rj
rjgn
gnmi
micz
czjd
jd ci tbtbjj pr
prjs
jsji
jitt
Gnvjikit,t, wctbnut dcstcigtcni ne kiy acid, sugb ks rkgj, gnonur, sjx,
Gnvjiki
okimu
okimukmj
kmj,, rj
rjocm
ocmcni
cni,, pno
pnoctc
ctcgk
gkoo nr ntbntbjr
jr np
npcic
cicni,
ni, ik
iktcn
tcnik
ikoo nr sng
sngcko
cko
nrcmci, prnpjrty, `crtb nr ntbjr stktus.
0. ]b
]bjr
jrjj in
intt kor
korjk
jkdy
dy prnvcdj
prnvcdjdd enr `y jx
jxcst
cstcim
cim ojmcso
ojmcsoktc
ktcvj
vj nr
ntbjr hjksurjs, jkgb Wtktj Vkrty tn tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit uidjrtkajs
uidjrtkajs
tn tkaj tbj
prngjssj
prngjssjs ijgjsskry
s kid wctb tbj stjps, ci kggnrdkigj
prnvcscnis wctbGnvjikit,
ne tbj prjsjit cts gnistctutcniko
tn kdnpt
sugb okws nr ntbjr hjksurjs ks hky `j ijgjsskry tn mcvj jeejgt tn
tbj rcmbts rjgnmiczjd ci tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit.
7. Jkg
Jkgbb Wtktj Vkrty
Vkrty tn tbj prjsjit
prjsjit Gnvjiki
Gnvjikitt uidjrtkaj
uidjrtkajs<
s<
(k) Tn jisu surj
rj tbk
tbkt kiy pjrs rsni
ni wbn
wbnsj rcm
rcmbt
btss nr erj
erjjdnhs ks
bjrj
bjrjci
ci rj
rjgn
gnmi
micz
czjd
jd kr
krjj vc
vcno
nokt
ktjd
jd sb sbko
kooo bk
bkvj
vj ki jejeejejgt
gtcv
cvjj rj
rjhj
hjdy
dy,,
intwct
intwctbsbstki
tkidci
dcimm tb
tbkt
kt tbj vc
vcnok
noktcn
tcnii bk
bkss `j
`jji
ji gn
gnhh
hhcttcttjd
jd `y pjpjrsn
rsnis
is
kgtcim ci ki neecgcko gkpkgcty1
(`) Tn jisu
(`) jisurj
rj tbkt
tbkt kiy
kiy pj
pjrs
rsni
ni gokc
gokchc
hcim
im sugb
sugb k rjhjd
rjhjdyy sb
sbko
kooo
bkvj bcs rcmbt tbjrjtn djtjrhcijd
djtjrhcijd `y gnhpjtji
gnhpjtjitt ludcgcko, kdhcicstrktcvj
nr ojmcsoktcvj kutbnrctcjs, nr `y kiy ntbjr gnhpjtjit kutbnrcty prnvcdjd
enr `y tbj ojmko systjh ne tbj Wtktj, kid tn djvjonp tbj pnssc`coctcjs ne
ludcgcko rjhjdy1
rjhjdy1
(g) Tn jisu
(g) jisurj
rj tbk
tbktt tbj
tbj gnh
gnhpj
pjtji
tjitt kutbn
kutbnrct
rctcjs
cjs sbk
sbkoo
oo jien
jienrgj
rgj sug
sugbb
rjhjdcjs wbji mrkitjd.
Krtcgoj 7
Tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs tn tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit uidjrtkaj tn jisurj tbj

jquko rcmbt ne hji kid wnhji tn tbj jilnyhjit ne koo gcvco kid pnoctcgko
rcmbts sjt enrtb ci tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit.
Gnvjikit.
Krtcgoj 4
;. Ci tchj ne puòcg
puòcg jhjrm
jhjrmjig
jigyy wbcgb tbrjktj
tbrjktjis
is tbj ocej ne tbj
iktcni kid tbj jxcstjigj ne wbcgb cs neecgckooy prngokchjd, tbj Wtktjs
Vkrtcjs tn tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit hky tkaj hjksurjs djrnmktcim ernh
tbjcr nòcmktcnis uidjr tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit tn tbj jxtjit strcgtoy
rjquc
rjqucrj
rjdd `y tbj jx
jxcmj
cmjig
igcjs
cjs ne tb
tbjj sc
sctuk
tuktcn
tcni,
i, pr
prnvc
nvcdj
djdd tbk
tbktt su
sugb
gb
hjksurjs krj int cigniscstjit wctb tbjcr ntbjr nòcmktcnis uidjr
citjriktcniko okw kid dn int civnovj dcsgrchciktcni snojoy ni tbj
mrnuid ne rkgj, gnonur, sjx, okimukmj, rjocmcni nr sngcko nrcmci.
0. In djrnm
djrnmktc
ktcni
ni ernh krtcg
krtcgojs
ojs 5, =, 2 (pkrkm
(pkrkmrkp
rkpbs
bs ; ki
kidd 0),
;;, ;:, ;5 kid ;2 hky `j hkdj uidjr tbcs prnvcscni.
7. Kiy Wtktj
Wtktj Vkrty tn tbj
tbj prjsjit
prjsjit Gnvjikit
Gnvjikit kvkcocim
kvkcocim ctsjoe
ctsjoe ne
tbj rcmbt ne djrnmktcni sbkoo chhjdcktjoy cienrh tbj ntbjr Wtktjs
Vkrtcjs tn tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit, tbrnumb tbj citjrhjdckry ne tbj
Wjgrjtkry-Mjijrko ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis, ne tbj prnvcscnis ernh
wbcgb ct bks djrnmktjd kid ne tbj rjksnis `y wbcgb ct wks kgtuktjd.
K eueurt
rtbj
bjrr gn
gnhh
hhuiuicg
cgkt
ktcn
cnii sb
sbko
kooo `j hk
hkdj
dj,, tb
tbrn
rnum
umbb tb
tbjj sk
skhj
hj
citjrhjdckry, ni tbj dktj ni wbcgb ct tjrhciktjs sugb djrnmktcni.
Krtcgoj :
;. In
Intb
tbci
cimm ci tb
tbjj pr
prjs
jsji
jitt Gn
Gnvj
vjik
ikit
it hk
hkyy `j ci
citj
tjrp
rprj
rjtj
tjdd ks
chpoycim enr kiy Wtktj, mrnup nr pjrsni kiy rcmbt tn jimkmj ci kiy
kgtcvcty nr pjrenrh kiy kgt kchjd kt tbj djstrugtcni ne kiy ne tbj
rcmbts kid erjjdnhs rjgnmiczjd bjrjci nr kt tbjcr ochctktcni tn k
mrjktjr jxtjit tbki cs prnvcdjd enr ci tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit.
0. Tbj
Tbjrj
rj sbkoo `j in rjstrcg
rjstrcgtcni
tcni upni
upni nr djrnmktc
djrnmktcni
ni ernh kiy
kiy
ne tbj euidkhjitko buhki rcmbts rjgnmiczjd nr jxcstcim ci kiy Wtktj
Vkrt
Vk rtyy tn tb
tbjj pr
prjs
jsji
jitt Gn
Gnvj
vjik
ikit
it pu
purs
rsuk
ukit
it tn ok
okw,
w, gn
gniv
ivji
jitc
tcni
nis,
s,
rjmuoktcnis nr gustnh ni tbj prjtjxt tbkt tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit dnjs
CITJPIKTCNIKO GN
GNUJI
JIK
KIT NI
NI GC
GCUCO KI
KID VN
VNOCTCGKO PC
PCMBTW 57
int rjgnmiczj sugb rcmbts nr tbkt ct rjgnmiczjs tbjh tn k ojssjr

jxtjit.
VKPT CCC
Krtcgoj 5
;. Jvj
Jvjry
ry buhki
buhki `jcim
`jcim bks tbj cibjrji
cibjrjitt rcmbt tn ocej.
ocej. Tbcs rcmbt
rcmbt
sbkoo `j prntjgtjd `y okw. In nij sbkoo `j kr`ctrkrcoy djprcvjd ne bcs
ocej.
0. Ci gnuitrc
gnuitrcjs
js wbcgb bkvj
bkvj int k`nocsb
k`nocsbjd
jd tbj dj
djktb
ktb pjikot
pjikoty,
y,
sjitjigj ne djktb hky `j chpnsjd nioy enr tbj hnst sjrcnus grchjs
ci kggnrdkigj wctb tbj okw ci enrgj kt tbj tchj ne tbj gnhhcsscni ne
tbj grchj kid int gnitrkry tn tbj prnvcscnis ne tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit
kid tn tbj Gnivjitcni ni tbj Vrjvjitcni kid Vuicsbhjit ne tbj
Grchj ne Mjingcdj. Tbcs pjikoty gki nioy `j gkrrcjd nut pursukit tn
k eciko ludmjhjit rjidjrjd `y k gnhpjtjit gnurt.
7. ]bj
]bjii djprcvktcni
djprcvktcni ne ocej
ocej gnistctutj
gnistctutjss tbj grchj ne mjingc
mjingcdj,
dj,
ct cs uidjrstnnd tbkt intbcim ci tbcs krtcgoj sbkoo kutbnrczj kiy Wtktj
Vkrty tn tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit tn djrnmktj ci kiy wky ernh kiy
nòcmktcni kssuhjd uidjr tbj prnvcscnis ne tbj Gnivjitcni ni tbj
Vrjvjitcni kid Vuicsbhjit ne tbj Grchj ne Mjingcdj.
4. Ki
Kiyn
ynij
ij sjitj
sjitjig
igjd
jd tn dj
djkt
ktbb sb
sbko
kooo bk
bkvj
vj tbj rc
rcmb
mbtt tn sj
sjja
ja
pkrdni nr gnhhutktcni ne tbj sjitjigj
sjitjigj.. Khijsty, pkrdni nr
gnhhutktcni ne tbj sjitjigj ne djktb hky `j mrkitjd ci koo gksjs.
:. Wj
Wjiitj
tjiigj ne djktb sb sbkkoo in
intt `j chchppnsj
sjdd enr grch
chjjs
gnhhcttjd `y pjrsnis `jonw jcmbtjji yjkrs ne kmj kid sbkoo int `j
gkrrcjd nut ni prjmikit wnhji.
5. In
Intbtbci
cimm ci tb
tbcs
cs krt
rtcg
cgoj
oj sb
sbko
kooo `j ci
civn
vnaj
ajdd tn dj
djok
okyy nr tn
prjvjit tbj k`noctcni
k`noctcni ne gkpctko puicsbhjit
puicsbhjit `y kiy Wtktj Vkrty tn tbj
tbj
prjsjit Gnvjikit.
Gnvjikit.
Krtcgoj =
In nij sbkoo `j su`ljgtj

su`ljgtjdd tn tnrturj nr tn grujo, cibuhki nr djmrkdci
djmrkdcimm
trjkthjit nr puicsbhjit. Ci pkrtcguokr, in nij sbkoo `j su`ljgtjd wctbnut bcs
erjj gnisjit tn hjdcgko nr sgcjitcecg jxpjrchjitktcni.
Krtcgoj 2
;. In nij sbkoo
sbkoo `j bjod
bjod ci sokvjry1
sokvjry1 sokvjry
sokvjry kid tbj
tbj sokvjtrkd
sokvjtrkdjj
ci koo tbjcr enrhs sbkoo `j prnbc`ctjd.
0. In nij
nij sbkoo
sbkoo `j bjod
bjod ci sjrvctu
sjrvctudj.
dj.
7. (k) In nij sbkoo `j rjqucrjd tn pjrenrh enrgjd nr
gnhpuosnry ok`nur1
wbjrjj(`)Vkrkmrkpb
wbjr chpr
ch prcs
csni
nihj
hjit7(k)wc
it sbkoo
wctb
tb bkint
rd `j
bkrd bjod
ok`n
ok ur tn
`nur prjgoudj,
hky
hk y `j ch ci sjd
chpn gnuitrcjs
pnsj d ks k
puicsbhjit
puicsbhj it enr k grchj, tbj pjrenrhk
pjrenrhkigj
igj ne bkrd ok`nur ci
pursukigjj ne k sjitjigj
pursukig sjitjigj tn sugb puicsbhjit
puicsbhjit `y k gnhpjtji
gnhpjtjitt gnurt1
(g)Enr tbj purpnsj ne tbcs pkrkmrkpb tbj tjrh Ð enrgjd nr
gnhpuosnry ok`nur× sbkoo int cigoudj<
(c) Ki
(c) Kiyy wnra
wnra nr
nr sjrv
sjrvcg
cgj,
j, int
int rjej
rjejrr
rrjd
jd tn ci su`
su`pk
pkrk
rkmr
mrkp
kpbb (`),
(`),
inrhkooy rjqucrjd ne k pjrsni wbn cs uidjr djtjitcni ci gnisjqujigj
ne k okweuo nrdjr ne k gnurt, nr ne k pjrsni durcim gnidctcniko rjojksj
ernh sugb djtjitcni1
(cc) Ki
(cc) Kiyy sjrv
sjrvcgj
cgj ne k hcoc
hcoctkr
tkryy gbkr
gbkrkg
kgtjr
tjr kid
kid,, ci gnui
gnuitrc
trcjs
js wbj
wbjrj
rj
gnisgcjitcnus
gnisgcjitcnus n`ljgtcni cs rjgnmiczj
rjgnmiczjd,d, kiy iktcnik
iktcnikoo sjrvcgj rjqucrjd `y
okw ne gnisgcjitcnus n`ljgtnrs1
(ccc)) Ki
(ccc Kiyy sj
sjrv
rvcg
cgjj jx
jxkg
kgtj
tjdd ci gksj
gksjss ne jhjr
jhjrmj
mjig
igyy nr gkokh
gkokhct
ctyy
tbrjktjicim tbj ocej nr wjoo-`jcim ne tbj gnhhuicty1
(cv) Ki
(cv) Kiyy wn
wnra
ra nr sjrv
sjrvcg
cgjj wb
wbcg
cgbb en
enrh
rhss pk
pkrt
rt ne in
inrh
rhko
ko gcv
gcvco
nòcmktcnis.
Krtcgoj 3
;. Jvj
Jvjryni
rynijj bks tbj rcmbt
rcmbt tn oc`jrty
oc`jrty kid
kid sjgurcty
sjgurcty ne pjrsni
pjrsni.. In
nij sbkoo `j su`ljgtjd tn kr`ctrkry krrjst nr djtjitcni. In nij sbkoo
`j djprcvjd
wctb ne bcs oc`jrty
sugb prngjdurj ks krjjxgjpt
jxjstkòcsbjd
gjpt ni sugb
`y mrnuids
mrnui
okw. ds kid ci kggnrdkigj
kggnrdkigj
0. Ki
Kiyn
ynij
ij wbn cs krrjstj
krrjstjdd sb
sbkoo
koo `j cienrh
cienrhjd,
jd, kt tbj tchj ne
krrjst, ne tbj rjksnis enr bcs krrjst kid sbkoo `j prnhptoy cienrhjd
ne kiy gbkrmjs kmkcist bch.
7. Kiy
Kiynij
nij krrjstj
krrjstjdd nr djtkcijd
djtkcijd ni k grchciko
grchciko gbkrmj
gbkrmj sbkoo
sbkoo `j
`rnumbt prnhptoy `jenrj k ludmj nr ntbjr neecgjr kutbnrczj
kutbnrczjdd `y okw
tn jxjrgcsj ludcgcko pnwjr kid sbkoo `j jitctojd tn trcko wctbci k
rjksnikòj tchj nr tn rjojksj. Ct sbkoo int `j tbj mjijrko ruoj tbkt
pjrsnis kwkctcim trcko sbkoo `j djtkcijd ci gustndy, ùt rjojksj hky
`j su`ljgt tn mukrkitj
mukrkitjjs
js tn kppjkr enr trcko, kt kiy ntbjr stkmj ne tbj
ludcgcko prngjjdcims,
prngjjd
tbj ludmjhjit. cims, kid, sbnuod nggkscni krcsj, enr jxjgutcni ne
CITJPIKTCNIKO GN
GNUJI
JIK
KIT NI
NI GC
GCUCO KI
KID VN
VNOCTCGKO PC
PCMBTW 5:
4. Kiynij wbn cs djpr prcv

cvjjd ne bcs oc oc``jrty `y krrj
rjst
st nr
djtjitcni sbkoo `j jitctojd tn tkaj prngjjdcims `jenrj k gnurt, ci
nrdjr tbkt tbkt gnurt hky djgcdj wctbnut djoky ni tbj okweuoijss ne
bcs djtjitcni kid nrdjr bcs rjojksj ce tbj
t bj djtjitcni cs int okweuo.
:. Ki
Kiyn
ynij
ij wbn bkbkss `j
`jji
ji tbj vc
vcgt
gtch
ch ne ui
uiok
okwe
weuo
uo kr
krrj
rjst
st nr
djtjitcni sbkoo bkvj ki jienrgjkòj rcmbt tn gnhpjisktcni.
Krtcgoj ;6
;. Koo pjrsni
pjrsniss dj
djprc
prcvj
vjdd ne tbjcr
tbjcr oc`
oc`jr
jrty
ty sbkoo
sbkoo `j trjktjd
trjktjd wctb
buhkicty kid wctb rjspjgt enr tbj cibjrjit dcmicty ne tbj buhki
pjrsni.
0. (k) Kggusjd pjrsnis sbkoo, skvj ci jxgjptcniko
gcrguhstkigjs, `j sjmrjmktjd ernh gnivcgtjd pjrsnis kid sbkoo `j
su`l
su`ljg
jgtt tn sj
sjpk
pkrk
rktj
tj tr
trjk
jkth
thji
jitt kp
kppr
prnp
nprc
rckt
ktjj tn tb
tbjc
jcrr st
stkt
ktus
us ks
uignivcgtjd pjrsnis1
(`) Kg
(`) Kggu
gusj
sjdd lu
luvj
vjic
icoj
oj pj
pjrs
rsni
niss sb
sbko
kooo `j sj
sjpk
pkrk
rktj
tjdd er
ernh
nh kd
kduo
uots
ts ki
kidd
`rnumbt ks
ks spjjdcoy ks pnsscòj
pnsscòj enr kdludcgktcni.
kdludcgktcni.
7. Tbj pjictjitckry systjh sbkoo gnhprcsj trjkthjit ne prcsnijrs tbj
jssjitcko kch ne wbcgb sbkoo `j tbjcr rjenrhktcni kid sngcko rjbk`coctktcni.
Luvjicoj neejidjrs
neejidjrs sbkoo `j sjmrjmktjd ernh kduots kid `j kggnrd
kggnrdjd
jd trjkthjit
kpprnprcktj tn tbjcr kmj kid ojmko stktus.
Krtcgoj ;;
In nij sbkoo `j chprcsnij

chprcsnijdd hjrjoy ni tbj mrnuid ne cik`cocty tn euoecoo
k gnitrkgtuko nòcmktcni.
Krtcgoj ;0
;. Jv
Jvjr
jryn
ynij
ij ok
okwe
weuo
uooy
oy wc
wctb
tbci
ci tb
tbjj tj
tjrr
rrctn
ctnry
ry ne k Wt
Wtkt
ktjj sb
sbko
koo,
o,
wctbci tbkt tjrrctnry, bkvj tbj rcmbt tn oc`jrty ne hnvjhjit kid
erjjdnh tn gbnnsj bcs rjscdjigj.
0. Jvj
Jvjryni
rynijj sbkoo `j erjj
erjj tn ojkvj kiy gnuit
gnuitry,
ry, cigoudci
cigoudcimm bcs
nwi.
7. Tb
Tbjj k`
k`nv
nvj-
j-hj
hjititcn
cnij
ijdd rc
rcmb
mbts
ts sb
sbko
kooo in
intt `j su
su`l
`ljg
jgtt tn ki
kiyy
rjstrcgtcnis jxgjpt tbnsj wbcgb krj prnvcdjd `y okw, krj ijgjsskry
tn prn
prntjg
tjgtt ik
iktcn
tcniko
iko sjg
sjgur
urcty
cty,, pu
puòc
òcgg nrd
nrdjr
jr (n
(nrdr
rdrjj pu
puòc
òcg)
g),, pu
puòc
òcgg
bjkotb nr hnrkos nr tbj rcmbts kid erjjdnhs ne ntbjrs, kid krj
gniscstjit wctb tbj ntbjr rcmbts rjgnmiczjd ci tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit.
4. In nij sbkoo
sbkoo `j kr`ctr
kr`ctrkrco
krcoyy djprcvjd
djprcvjd ne tbj
tbj rcmbt tn jitjr
jitjr bcs
bcs
nwi gnuitry.
Krtcgoj ;7
Ki kocji okweuooy ci tbj tjrrctnry ne k Wtktj Vkrty tn tbj prjsjit

Gnvjikit hky `j jxpjoojd tbjrjernh nioy ci pursukigj ne k djgcscni rjkgbjd
ci kg
kggn
gnrdk
rdkigj
igj wct
wctbb okw ki
kidd sbk
sbkoo,
oo, jxg
jxgjp
jptt wbj
wbjrj
rj gn
gnhpj
hpjooc
oocim
im rj
rjksn
ksnis
is ne
iktcniko sjgurcty ntbjrwcsj rjqucrj, `j koonwjd tn su`hct tbj rjksnis kmkcist
bcs jxpuoscni kid tn bkvj bcs gksj rjvcjwjd `y, kid `j rjprjsjitjd enr tbj
purpnsj `jenrj, tbj gnhpjtji
gnhpjtjitt kutbnrcty nr k pjrsni nr pjrsnis jspjgck
jspjgckooy
ooy
djscmiktjd `y tbj gnhpjtjit kutbnrcty.
Krtcgoj ;4
;. Koo pjrsnis
pjrsnis sbkoo
sbkoo `j jquko
jquko `jenrj
`jenrj tbj gnurts
gnurts kid
kid trcùikos
trcùikos..
Ci tbj djtjrhciktcni ne kiy grchciko gbkrmj kmkcist bch, nr ne bcs
rcmbts kid nòcmktcnis ci k suct kt okw, jvjrynij sbkoo `j jitctojd tn k
ekcr kid puòcg bjkrcim `y k gnhpjtjit, cidjpjidjit kid chpkrtcko
trc`
trcùi
uiko
ko jsjstk
tkò
òcs
csbj
bjdd `y ok
okw.
w. Tb
Tbjj pr
prjs
jsss ki
kidd tb
tbjj pu
può
òcg
cg hk
hkyy `j
jxgoudjd ernh koo nr pkrt ne k trcko enr rjksnis ne hnrkos, puòcg
nrdjr (nrdrj puòcg) nr iktcniko sjgurcty ci k djhngrktcg sngcjty, nr
wbji tbj citjrjst ne tbj prcvktj ocvjs ne tbj pkrtcjs sn rjqucrjs, nr tn
tbj jxtjit strcgtoy ijgjsskry ci tbj npcicni ne tbj gnurt ci spjgcko
gcrgu
gcrguhst
hstkig
kigjs
js wb
wbjr
jrjj pu
può
òcgc
cgcty
ty wnu
wnuod
od prprjlu
jludcg
dcgjj tbj cit
citjrj
jrjsts
sts ne
lustcgj1 ùt kiy ludmjhjit
ludmjhjit rjidjrjd ci k grchciko gksj nr ci k suct kt
okw sbkoo `j hkdj puòcg jxgjpt wbjrj tbj citjrjst ne luvjicoj
pjrsnis ntbjrwcsj rjqucrjs nr tbj prngjjdcims gnigjri hktrchnicko
dcsputjs nr tbj mukrdckisbcp ne gbcodrji.
0. Jv
Jvjry
jryni
nijj gb
gbkrm
krmjd
jd wctb k grc
grchci
hciko
ko neejigj
neejigj sbkoo
sbkoo bk
bkvj
vj tbj
rcmbt tn `j prjsuhjd ciingjit uitco prnvjd mucoty kggnrdcim tn okw.
7. Ci tbj dj
djtjr
tjrhci
hciktc
ktcni
ni ne kiy grchci
grchciko
ko gbkrmj
gbkrmj kmkcist
kmkcist bch,
jvjrynij sbkoo `j jitctojd tn tbj enoonwcim hcichuh mukrkitjjs, ci
euoo
euoo jq
jquk
ukoct
octy<
y< (k
(k)) Tn `j cicien
enrh
rhjd
jd pr
prnh
nhpt
ptoy
oy ki
kidd ci dj
djtk
tkco
co ci k
okimukmj wbcgb bj uidjrstkids ne tbj ikturj kid gkusj ne tbj
gbkrmj kmkcist bch1
(`) Tn bkvj
(`) bkvj kdjq
kdjquk
uktj
tj tchj
tchj kid
kid ekgc
ekgcoct
octcj
cjss enr tbj
tbj prjpk
prjpkrk
rktc
tcni
ni ne
bcs djejigj kid tn gnhhuicgktj wctb gnuisjo ne bcs nwi gbnnscim1
(g))
(g Tn `j tr
trcj
cjdd wct
wctbn
bnut
ut ui
uidu
dujj dj
djok
oky1
y1
(d) Tn `j
(d) `j trcjd
trcjd ci bcs
bcs prjs
prjsji
jigj,
gj, kid
kid tn
tn djej
djejid
id bchs
bchsjoe
joe ci pjrs
pjrsni
ni
nr tbrnumb ojmko ksscstkigj ne bcs nwi gbnnscim1 tn `j cienrhjd, ce bj
CITJPIKTCNIKO GN
GNUJI
JIK
KIT NI
NI GC
GCUCO KI
KID VN
VNOCTCGKO PC
PCMBTW 5=
dnjs in
dnjs intt bk
bkvj
vj oj
ojmk
mkoo ks
kssc
scst
stki
kigj
gj,, ne tb
tbcs
cs rc
rcmb
mbt1
t1 ki
kidd tn bk
bkvj
vj oj
ojmk
mkoo
ksscstkigj ksscmijd tn bch, ci kiy gksj wbjrj tbj citjrjsts ne lustcgj sn
rjqucrj, kid wctbnut pkyhjit `y bch ci kiy sugb gksj ce bj dnjs int
bkvj sueecgcjit hjkis tn pky enr ct1
(j) Tn jxk
(j) jxkhc
hcij
ij,, nr bkvj
bkvj jxk
jxkhc
hcij
ijd,
d, tbj
tbj wcti
wctijs
jssj
sjss kmkc
kmkcis
istt bch
bch
kid tn n`tkci tbj kttjidkigj kid jxkhciktcni ne wctijssjs ni bcs
`jbkoe uidjr
uidjr tbj skhj gnidctcnis
gnidctcnis ks wctijssjs
wctijssjs kmkcist
kmkcist bch1
(e) Tn bkv
(e) bkvjj tbj erj
erjjj ksscs
ksscstk
tkig
igjj ne ki citj
citjrp
rprj
rjtj
tjrr ce bj gkii
gkiint
nt
uidjrstkid nr spjka tbj okimukmj usjd ci gnurt1
(m)) In
(m Intt tn `j
`j gnhp
gnhpjoo
joojd
jd tn
tn tjstc
tjstcey
ey kmkc
kmkcist
ist bch
bchsjo
sjoee nr tn gnie
gniejss
jss
mucot.
4. Ci tbj gksj
gksj ne luvjicoj
luvjicoj pjrsnis,
pjrsnis, tbj prngj
prngjdurj
durj sbkoo
sbkoo `j sugb
ks wcoo tkaj kggnuit ne tbjcr kmj kid tbj djscrk`cocty ne prnhntcim
tbjcr rjbk`coctktcn
rjbk`coctktcni.
i.
:. Jv
Jvjry
jryni
nijj gn
gniv
ivcgt
cgtjd
jd ne k gr
grchj
chj sbkoo
sbkoo bkvj tbj rcmbt
rcmbt tn bcs
gnivcg
gnivcgtcn
tcnii ki
kidd sj
sjit
itji
jigj
gj `j
`jci
cimm rj
rjvc
vcjw
jwjd
jd `y k bc bcmb
mbjr
jr tr
trc`
cùi
uiko
ko
kggnrdcim tn okw.
5. ]bj
]bjii k pjrsni
pjrsni bks `y k eciko
eciko djgcscn
djgcscnii `jji
`jji gnivcgtj
gnivcgtjdd ne k
grchciko neejigj kid wbji su`sjqujitoy bcs gnivcgtcni bks `jji
rjvjrsjd nr bj bks `jji pkrdnijd ni tbj mrnuid tbkt k ijw nr ijwoy
dcs
csggnvjrjd ek
ekggt sb
sbnnws gnigou ousc
scvvjoy tb
tbkkt tb
tbjjrj bk
bkss `jji k
hcsgkrrckmj ne lustcgj, tbj pjrsni wbn bks sueejrjd puicsbhjit ks k
rjsuot ne sugb gnivcgtcni sbkoo `j gnhpjisktjd kggnrdcim tn okw,
uiojss ct cs prnvjd tbkt tbj ini-dcsgonsurj ne tbj uiainwi ekgt ci
tchj cs wbnooy nr pkrtoy kttrcùtkòj tn bch.
=. enr
neejigj Inwbcgb
nij sbkoo
sbbj
koobks
`j korjkdy
ockòj tn`jji
ockòj `j trcjd
trcjd nr gnivcgtjd
ecikooy puicsbjdd kmkci
puicsbj enr ki
enr
nr kgqucttjd
ci kggnrdkigj wctb tbj okw kid pjiko prngjdurj ne jkgb gnuitry.
Krtcgoj ;:
;. In nij sbkoosbkoo `j bj
bjod
od mucot
mucotyy ne kiy grchc
grchcik
ikoo ne
neej
ejig
igjj ni
kggnuit ne kiy kgt nr nhcsscni wbcgb dcd int gnistctutj k grchciko
neejigj, uidjr iktcniko nr citjriktcniko okw, kt tbj tchj wbji ct wks
gnhhcttjd.. Inr sbkoo k bjkvcjr pjikoty `j chpnsjd tbki tbj nij tbkt
gnhhcttjd
wkss kp
wk kppopocg
cgk`
kòj
oj kt tb tbjj tc
tchj
hj wb
wbjiji tbtbjj gr
grch
chci
ciko
ko ne
neej
ejig
igjj wk
wkss
gnhh
gnhhct cttj
tjd.
d. Ce
Ce,, su
su`s
`sjq
jqujujit
it tn tb
tbjj gn
gnhh
hhcscssc
scni
ni ne tbtbjj ne
neej
ejig
igj,
j,
prnvcscni cs hkdj `y okw enr tbj chpnsctcni ne tbj ocmbtjr pjikoty,
tbj neejidjr sbkoo `jiject tbjrj`y.
0. Intbtbci
cimm ci tb
tbcs
cs krt
rtcg
cgoj
oj sbkoo prj
rjlu
luddcg
cgjj tb
tbjj tr
trck
ckoo kid
puicsbhjit
puicsbhj it ne kiy pjrsni enr kiy
kiy kgt nr nhcsscni wbcgb,
wbcgb, kt tbj tchj
wbji ct wks gnhhcttjd, wks grchciko kggnrdcim tn tbj mjijrko
prcigcpojs ne
ne okw rjgnmiczjd
rjgnmiczjd `y tbj gnhhuicty
gnhhuicty ne iktcnis.
iktcnis.
Krtcgoj ;5
Jvjrynij sbkoo bkvj tbj rcmbt tn rjgnmictcni jvjrywbjrj ks k pjrsni

`jenrj tbj okw.
okw.
Krtcgoj ;=
;. In nij sb sbkkoo `j su`lj

ljggtj
tjdd tn kr`
r`ct
ctrk
rkrry nr uiok
okwe
weuuo
citjrejrjigj wctb bcs prcvkgy, ekhcoy, bnhj nr gnrrjspnidjigj, inr
tn uiokweuo kttkgas ni bcs bninur kid rjputktcni.
0. Jvj
Jvjryni
rynijj bks tbj rcmbt
rcmbt tn tbj prntjgtcni
prntjgtcni ne tbj
tbj okw kmkcist
kmkcist
sugb citjrejrjigj nr kttkgas.
Krtcgoj ;2
;. Jv
Jvjr
jryn
ynij
ij sb
sbko
kooo bk
bkvj
vj tb
tbjj rc
rcmb
mbtt tn er
erjj
jjdn
dnh
h ne tb
tbnu
numb
mbt,
t,
gnisgcjigj kid rjocmcni. Tbcs rcmbt sbkoo cigoudj erjjdnh tn bkvj nr
tn kdnpt k rjocmcni nr `jocje ne bcs gbncgj, kid erjjdnh, jctbjr
cidcvcdukooy nr ci gnhhuicty wctb ntbjrs kid ci puòcg nr prcvktj, tn
hkicejst bcs rjocmcni nr `jocje ci wnrsbcp, n`sjrvkigj, prkgtcgj kid
tjkgbcim.
0. In nij sbkoo
sbkoo `j su`ljgt
su`ljgt tn gnjrgcn
gnjrgcnii wbcgb wnuod
wnuod chpkcr
chpkcr bcs
erjjdnh tn bkvj nr tn kdnpt k rjocmcni nr `jocje ne bcs gbncgj.
7. Er
Erjj
jjdn
dnh
h tn hkice
hkicejs
jstt ni
nijÚ
jÚ s rj
rjoc
ocmc
mcni
ni nr `j
`joc
ocje
jess hk
hkyy `j
su`ljgt nioy tn sugb ochctktcnis ks krj prjsgrc`jd `y okw kid krj
ijgjsskry tn prntjgt puòcg skejty, nrdjr, bjkotb, nr hnrkos nr tbj
euidkhjitko rcmbts kid erjjdnhs ne ntbjrs.
4. Tb
Tbjj Wtk
Wtktjs
tjs Vkrtcj
Vkrtcjss tn tbj prjsji
prjsjitt Gnv
Gnvji
jiki
kitt ui
uidj
djrtk
rtkaj
aj tn
bkvj rjspjgt enr tbj oc`jrty ne pkrjits kid, wbji kppocgkòj, ojmko
mukrd
mukrdcki
ckiss tn ji
jisur
surjj tbj rj
rjocm
ocmcnu
cnuss ki
kidd hn
hnrko
rko jd
jdug
ugktc
ktcni
ni ne tbj
tbjcr
cr
gbcodrji ci gnienrhcty wctb tbjcr nwi gnivcgtcnis.
Krtcgoj ;3
;. Jv
Jvjr
jryn
ynij
ij sb
sbko
kooo bk
bkvj
vj tb
tbjj rc
rcmb
mbtt tn bn
bnod
od np
npci
cicn
cnis
is wc
wctb
tbnu
nutt
citjrejrjigj.
CITJPIKTCNIKO GN
GNUJI
JIK
KIT NI
NI GC
GCUCO KI
KID VN
VNOCTCGKO PC
PCMBTW 53
0. Jv
Jvjry
jryni
nijj sbk
sbkoo
oo bkvj tbj rcmbt tn erj
erjjd
jdnh
nh ne jxprjss
jxprjsscni
cni11
tbcs
tbcs rc
rcmb
mbtt sb
sbko
kooo ci
cigo
goud
udjj er
erjj
jjdn
dnhh tn sjsjja
ja,, rj
rjgj
gjcv
cvjj ki
kidd ch
chpk
pkrt
rt
cienrhktcni kid cdjks ne koo acids, rjmkrdojss ne ernitcjrs, jctbjr
nrkooy, ci wrctcim nr ci prcit, ci tbj enrh ne krt, nr tbrnumb kiy ntbjr
hjdck ne bcs gbncgj.
7. Tb
Tbjj jx
jxjr
jrgcs
gcsjj ne tbj rcmbts
rcmbts prnvcdj
prnvcdjdd enr ci pk
pkrkm
rkmrk
rkpb
pb 0 ne
tbcs krtcgoj gkrrcjs wctb ct spjgcko dutcjs kid rjspnisc`coctcjs. Ct hky
tbjrjenrj `j su`ljgt tn gjrtkci rjstrcgtcnis, ùt tbjsj sbkoo nioy `j
sugb ks krj prnvcdjd `y okw kid krj ijgjsskry<
(k) Enr rjspjgt ne tbj rcmbts nr rjputktcnis
rjputktcnis ne ntbjrs1
ntbjrs1
(`)Enr tbj prntjgtcni ne iktcniko sjgurcty nr ne puòcg nrdjr
(nrdrj puòcg), nr ne puòcg bjkotb nr hnrkos.
Krtcgoj 06
;. Kiy prnpkmkidk
;.Kiy prnpkmkidk enr wkr sbkoo `j prnbc`ctjd `y okw.
0.Kiy
0.K iy kd
kdvnvngk
gkgy
gy ne ikiktc
tcni
niko
ko,, rk
rkgc
gcko
ko nr rj rjoc
ocmc
mcnu
nuss bk
bktr
trjd
jd tb tbkt
kt
gnistctu
gnistctutjs
tjs cigct
cigctjhj
jhjit
it tn dcsg
dcsgrchci
rchciktcni
ktcni,, bns
bnstcocty
tcocty nr vcno
vcnojig
jigjj sbk
sbkoo
oo `j
prnbc`ctjdd `y okw.
prnbc`ctj
Krtcgoj 0;
Tbj rcmbt ne pjkgjeuo kssjhòy sbkoo `j rjgnmiczjd. In rjstrcgtcnis

hky `j pokgjd ni tbj jxjrgcsj ne tbcs rcmbt ntbjr tbki tbnsj chpnsjd ci
gnienrhcty wctb tbj okw kid wbcgb krj ijgjsskry ci k djhngrktcg sngcjty ci
tbj citjrjsts ne iktcniko sjgurcty nr puòcg skejty, puòcg nrdjr (nrdrj puòcg),
tbj prntjgtcni ne puòcg bjkotb nr hnrkos nr tbj prntjgtcni ne tbj rcmbts kid
erjjdnhs ne ntbjrs.
Krtcgoj 00
;. Jv
Jvjry
jryni
nijj sb
sbkoo
koo bkvj
bkvj tbj rcmbt
rcmbt tn erj
erjjdn
jdnhh ne kssngck
kssngcktcn
tcnii
wctb ntbjrs, cigoudcim tbj rcmbt tn enrh kid lnci trkdj uicnis enr tbj
prntjgtcni ne bcs citjrjsts.
citjrjsts.
0. In rjstrcgt
rjstrcgtcnis
cnis hky
hky `j pokgjd
pokgjd ni tbj jxjrg
jxjrgcsj
csj ne tbcs rcmbt
rcmbt
ntbj
ntbjrr tb
tbki
ki tb
tbns
nsjj wb
wbcg
cgbb kr
krjj pr
prjs
jsgr
grc`
c`jd
jd `y ok okww ki
kidd wb
wbcgcgbb kr
krjj
ijgj
ij gjss
sskr
kryy ci k dj djhn
hngr
grkt
ktcg
cg sn
sngc
gcjt
jtyy ci tb
tbjj ci
citj
tjrj
rjst
stss ne ik
iktctcni
niko
ko
sjgurcty nr puòcg skejty, puòcg nrdjr (nrdrj puòcg), tbj prntjgtcni
ne puòcg bjkotb nr hnrkos nr tbj prntjgtcni ne tbj rcmbts kid
erjjdnhs ne ntbjrs. Tbcs krtcgoj sbkoo int prjvjit tbj chpnsctcni ne
=6 BZHKI PCMBTW OK], BZHKI PCMBTW GZOTZPJ
okweuo rjstrcgtcnis ni hjh`jrs ne tbj krhjd enrgjs kid ne tbj pnocgj

ci tbjcr jxjrgcsj ne tbcs rcmbt.
7. Intb
Intbcim
cim ci tbcs krtcgoj
krtcgoj sbkoo
sbkoo kutbnrcz
kutbnrczjj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs
Vkrtcjs tn tbj
Citjriktcniko Ok`nur Nrmkicsktcni Gnivjitcni ne ;342 gnigjricim
Erjjdnh ne Kssngcktcni kid Vrntjgtcni ne tbj Pcmbt tn Nrmkiczj tn
tkaj ojmcsoktcvj hjksurjs wbcgb wnuod prjludcgj, nr tn kppoy tbj
okw ci sugb k hkiijr ks tn prjludcgj, tbj mukrkitjjs prnvcdjd enr ci
tbkt Gnivjitcni.
Krtcgoj 07
;. Tb
Tbjj ekhcoy
ekhcoy cs tbj iktur
ikturko
ko kid euidkh
euidkhjijitko
tko mrnup
mrnup uict ne
sngcjty kid cs jitctojd tn prntjgtcni `y sngcjty kid tbj Wtktj.
0. Tbj rcmbt
rcmbt ne hji kid wnhji
wnhji ne
ne hkrrckmjk
hkrrckmjkòj
òj kmj tn hkrry
hkrry
kid tn enuid k ekhcoy sbkoo `j rjgnmiczjd.
7. In hkrrckm
hkrrckmjj sbkoo `j jitjrj
jitjrjdd citn wctbnut
wctbnut tbj erjj
erjj kid euoo
gnisjit ne tbj citjidcim spnusjs.
4. Wtktjs Vkrtc tcjjs tn tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit sbkoo tkaj
kpprnprcktj stjps tn jisurj jqukocty ne rcmbts kid rjspnisc`coctcjs ne
spnusjs ks tn hkrrckmj, durcim hkrrckmj kid kt cts dcssnoutcni. Ci tbj
gksj
gksj ne dcs
dcssno
snoutc
utcni
ni,, prprnvc
nvcscn
scnii sbk
sbkoo
oo `j hk
hkdj
dj en
enrr tbj ij
ijgj
gjssk
sskry
ry
prntjgtcni ne kiy gbcodrji.
gbcodrji.
Krtcgoj 04
;. Jv
Jvjry
jry gbcod
gbcod sbkoo
sbkoo bk
bkvj
vj,, wct
wctbn
bnut
ut kiy dcsgrchc
dcsgrchcik
iktcn
tcnii ks tn
rkgj,, gn
rkgj gnonu
onur,
r, sjx
sjx,, oki
okimu
mukm
kmj,
j, rj
rjocm
ocmcni
cni,, ik
iktcn
tcniko
iko nr sng
sngcko
cko nrc
nrcmci
mci,,
prnpjrty nr `crtb, tbj rcmbt tn sugb hjksurj
hjksurjss ne prntjgtcni ks krj
rjqucrjd `y bcs stktus ks k hcinr, ni tbj pkrt ne bcs ekhcoy, sngcjty
kid tbj Wtktj.
0. Jvj
Jvjry
ry gbcod sbkoo
sbkoo `j rjmcstjr
rjmcstjrjd
jd chhjdcktj
chhjdcktjoy
oy ketjr `crtb
`crtb kid
sbkoo bkvj k ikhj.
7. Jvj
Jvjry
ry gbcod
gbcod bks tbj rcmbt
rcmbt tn kgqucr
kgqucrjj k iktcnikoc
iktcnikocty.
ty.
Krtcgoj 0:
Jvjry gctczji sbkoo bkvj tbj rcmbt kid tbj nppnrtuicty, wctbnut kiy ne
tbj dcstcigtcnis hjitcnijd ci krtcgoj 0 kid wctbnut uirjksnikòj rjstrcgtcnis<
(k)Tn tkaj pkrt ci tbj gnidugt ne puòcg keekcrs, dcrjgtoy nr
tbrnumb erjjoy gbnsji rjprjsjitktcvjs1
CITJPIKTCNIKO GN
GNUJI
JIK
KIT NI
NI GC
GCUCO KI
KID VN
VNOCTCGKO PC
PCMBTW =;
(`)Tn vntj kid tn `j jojgtjd kt mjiucij pjrcndcg jojgtcnis

wbcgb sbkoo `j `y uicvjrsko kid jquko sueerkmj kid sbkoo `j bjod `y
sjgrjt `koont, mukrkitjjcim tbj erjj jxprjsscni ne tbj wcoo ne tbj
jojgtnrs1
(g)Tn bkvj kggjss, ni mjijrko tjrhs ne jqukocty, tn puòcg
sjrvcgj ci bcs gnuitry.
Krtcgoj 05
Koo pjrsnis krj jquko `jenrj tbj okw kid krj jitctojd wctbnut kiy
dcsgrchciktcni tn tbj jquko prntjgtcni ne tbj okw. Ci tbcs rjspjgt, tbj okw sbkoo
prnbc`ct kiy dcsgrchcik
dcsgrchciktcni
tcni kid mukrkitj
mukrkitjjj tn koo pjrsnis jquko kid jeejgtcvj
prntjgtcni kmkcist dcsgrchciktcn
dcsgrchciktcnii ni kiy mrnuid sugb ks rkgj, gnonur, sjx,
okimuk
okimukmj,
mj, rj
rjocm
ocmcni
cni,, pn
pnoct
octcgk
cgkoo nr ntb
ntbjr
jr np
npcic
cicni
ni,, ik
iktcn
tcnik
ikoo nr sng
sngcko
cko nrc
nrcmci
mci,,
prnpjrty, `crtb
`crtb nr ntbjr stktus.
stktus.
Krtcgoj 0=
Ci tbnsj Wtktjs ci wbcgb jtbicg, rjocmcnus nr ocimucstcg hcinrctcjs jxcst,

pjrsnis `jonimcim tn sugb hcinrctcjs sbkoo int `j djicjd tbj rcmbt, ci
gnhhuicty wctb tbj ntbjr hjh`jrs ne tbjcr mrnup, tn jilny tbjcr nwi
guoturj, tn prnejss kid prkgtcsj tbjcr nwi rjocmcni, nr tn usj tbjcr nwi
okimukmj.
VKPT CU
Krtcgoj 02
;. Tb
Tbjr
jrjj sb
sbko
kooo `j js
jstk
tkò
òcs
csbj
bjdd k Bu
Buhk
hkii Pc
Pcmb
mbts
ts Gn
Gnhh
hhct
cttj
tjjj
(bjrjketjr rjejrrjd
sbkoo gniscst tn ci tbj
ne jcmbtjji prjsjitkid
hjh`jrs Gnvjikit ks tbj
sbkoo gkrry nutGnhhcttjj). Ct
tbj euigtcnis
bjrjciketjr prnvcdjd.
0. Tb
Tbjj Gn
Gnhh
hhct cttj
tjjj sb
sbkokooo `j gn
gnhp
hpns
nsjd
jd ne iktcni
iktcniko koss ne tb
tbjj
Wtktjs Vkrtcjs tn tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit wbn sbkoo `j pjrsnis ne bcmb
hnrko gbkrkgtjr kid rjgnmiczjd gnhpjtjigj ci tbj ecjod ne buhki
rcm
cmbbts
ts,, gnisc
scddjrk
rktc
tcnni `jci cimm mcv cvjji tn tbtbjj usj
sjeeuoi
oijjss ne tb tbjj
pkrtcgcpktcnii ne snhj pjrsnis
pkrtcgcpktcn pjrsnis bkvcim ojmkoojmko jxpjrcjigj.
jxpjrcjigj.
7. Tbj hjh`j
hjh`jrsrs ne tbj Gnhhct
Gnhhcttjj
tjj sbkoo
sbkoo `j jojgtjd
jojgtjd kid
kid sbkoo
sjrvj ci tbjcr pjrsniko gkpkgcty.
Krtcgoj 03
;. Tbj hjh`j
hjh`jrs rs ne tbj Gnhhcttjj
Gnhhcttjj sbkoo
sbkoo `j jojgtjd
jojgtjd `y sjgrjt
sjgrjt
`koont ernh k ocst ne pjrsnis pnssjsscim tbj qukocecgktcnis prjsgrc`jd
prjsgrc`jd
ci krtcgoj 02 kid inhciktjd enr tbj purpnsj `y tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs tn
tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit.
0. Jk
Jkgb
gb Wtktj Vkrty
Vkrty tn tbj prjsji
prjsjitt Gnv
Gnvji
jiki
kitt hk
hkyy inh
inhcik
ciktj
tj
int hnrj tbki twn pjrsnis. Tbjsj pjrsnis sbkoo `j iktcnikos ne tbj
inhciktcim Wtktj.
7. K pjrsni
pjrsni sbkoo
sbkoo `j jocmcòj
jocmcòj enr
enr rjinhcik
rjinhciktcni.
tcni.
Krtcgoj 76
;. Tb
Tbjj ci
cictc
ctcko
ko jojgtcn
jojgtcnii sbk
sbkoo
oo `j bj
bjod
od in oktjr tbki
tbki scx hn
hnit
itbs
bs
ketjr tbj dktj ne tbj jitry citn enrgj ne tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit.
0. Kt ojkst
Gnhhcttjj, ojks t enur
ntbjr hni
hnitbs
tbki kitbsjojgtcni
`jenrj tbj
`jenrj dktjk ne
dktj
tn ecoo jkgb jojgtc
vkgkigyjojgtcni
ni tn tbj
djgokrjd ci
kggnrdkigj wctb krtcgoj 74, tbj Wjgrjtkry-Mjijrko ne tbj Zictjd
Iktcnis sbkoo kddrjss k wrcttji civctktcni tn tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs tn tbj
prjsjit Gnvjik
Gnvjikitit tn su`hct tbjcr inhciktcni
inhciktcniss enr hjh`jrsb
hjh`jrsbcp cp ne
tbj Gnhhcttjj wctbci tbrjj hnitbs.
7. Tbj Wjgrjtk
Wjgrjtkry-Mj
ry-Mjijrk
ijrkoo ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis
Iktcnis sbkoo
sbkoo prjpkrj
prjpkrj
k ocst ci kopbk`jtcgko nrdjr ne koo tbj pjrsnis tbus inhciktjd, wctb ki
cidcgktcni ne tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs wbcgb bkvj inhciktjd tbjh, kid
sbkoo su`hct ct tn tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs tn tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit in oktjr
tbki nij hnitb `jenrj tbj dktj ne jkgb jojgtcni.
4. Jojg
k hjjtcim Jojgtcnis
tcnis
ne tbj ne tbjVkrtcjs
ne
Wtktjs hjh`jrs
hjh`jrs neprjsjit
tn tbj tbj Gnhhcttjj
tbj Gnhh cttjj sbkoo
Gnvjikitsbkoo `j bjod
bjod`y
gnivjijd kt
tbj Wjgrjtkry Mjijrko ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis kt tbj Bjkdqukrtjrs ne
tbj Zictjd Iktcnis. Kt tbkt hjjtcim, enr wbcgb twn tbcrds ne tbj
Wtktjs Vkrtcjs tn tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit
Gnvjikit sbkoo gnistctutj k qunruh, tbj
pjrsnis jojgtjd tn tbj Gnhhcttjj sbkoo `j tbnsj inhcijjs wbn
n`tkci tbj okrmjst iuh`jr ne vntjs kid ki k`snoutj hklnrcty ne tbj
vntjs ne tbj rjprjsjitktcvjs ne Wtktjs Vkrtcjs prjsjit kid vntcim.
Krtcgoj 7;
;. Tbj Gnhhc
Gnhhcttjj
ttjj hky int
int cigoudj
cigoudj hnrj
hnrj tbki nij
nij iktcnik
iktcnikoo ne
tbj skhj Wtktj.
0. Ci tbj jojgtcn
jojgtcnii ne tbj Gnhhctt
Gnhhcttjj
jj,, gn
gnisc
iscdj
djrk
rktcn
tcnii sbk
sbkoo
oo `j
mcvji tn jquctkòj mjnmrkpbcgko dcstrcùtcni ne hjh`jrsbcp kid tn
CITJPIKTCNIKO GN
GNUJI
JIK
KIT NI
NI GC
GCUCO KI
KID VN
VNOCTCGKO PC
PCMBTW =7
tbj rjprjsjitktcni ne tbj dceejrjit enrhs ne gcvcoczktcni kid ne tbj

prcigcpko ojmko
ojmko systjhs.
Krtcgoj 70
;. Tbj hjh`j
hjh`jrs rs ne tbj Gnhhcttj
Gnhhcttjjj sbkoo `j jojgt
jojgtjd
jd enr k tjrh
ne enur yjkrs. Tbjy sbkoo `j jocmcòj enr rj-jojgtcni ce rjinhciktjd.
Bnwjvjr, tbj tjrhs ne icij ne tbj hjh`jrs jojgtjd kt tbj ecrst
jojgtcni sbkoo jxpcrj kt tbj jid ne twn yjkrs1 chhjdcktjoy ketjr tbj
ecrst jojgtcni, tbj ikhjs ne tbjsj icij hjh`jrs sbkoo `j gbnsji `y
ontt `y tb
on tbjj Gb
Gbkc
kcrh
rhki
ki ne tbtbjj hj
hjjt
jtci
cimm rj
rjej
ejrr
rrjd
jd tn ci kr krtcg
tcgoj
oj 76
76,,
pkrkmrkpbb 4.
pkrkmrkp
0. Jojgtcnis kt tbj jxpcry ne neecgj
neecgj sbkoo `j bjod
bjod ci kggnrdk
kggnrdkigj
igj
wctb tbj prjgjdcim krtcgojs ne tbcs pkrt ne tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit.
Krtcgoj 77
;. Ce
Ce,, ci tb
tbjj ui
uiki
kich
chnu
nuss np
npci
cicn
cnii ne tb
tbjj ntb
tbjr
jr hj
hjh`
h`jrjrs,
s, k
hjh`jr ne tbj Gnhhcttjj bks gjksjd tn gkrry nut bcs euigtcnis enr
kiyy gk
ki gkus
usjj nt
ntbj
bjrr tb
tbki
ki k`
k`sj
sjig
igjj ne k tjtjhp
hpnr
nrkr
kryy gb
gbkr
krkg
kgtj
tjr,
r, tb
tbjj
Gbkcrhki ne tbj Gnhhcttjj sbkoo intcey tbj Wjgrjtkry-Mjijrko ne
tbj Zictjd Iktcnis, wbn sbkoo tbji djgokrj tbj sjkt ne tbkt hjh`jr
tn `j vkgkit.
0. Ci tbj jvjit
jvjit ne tbj
tbj djktb nr
nr tbj rjscmik
rjscmiktcni
tcni ne k hjh`j
hjh`jrr ne
tbjj Gn
tb Gnhh
hhct cttj
tjjj, tb
tbjj Gb
Gbkckcrh
rhki
ki sb
sbko
kooo ch
chhj
hjdc
dckt
ktjo
joyy in
intc
tcey
ey tb
tbjj
Wjgrjtkry-Mjijrko ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis, wbn sbkoo djgokrj tbj sjkt
vkgkit ernh tbj dktj ne djktb nr tbj dktj ni wbcgb tbj rjscmiktcni
tkajs jeejgt.
Krtcgoj 74
;. ]bj
]bjii k vkgkigy
vkgkigy cs djgokrjd
djgokrjd ci kggnrdki
kggnrdkigj
gj wctb krtcgoj
krtcgoj 77
kid ce tbj tjrh ne neecgj ne tbj hjh`jr tn `j rjpokgjd dnjs int
jxpcrj wctbci scx hnitbs ne tbj djgokrktcni ne tbj vkgkigy, tbj
WjgrjtkryMjijrko ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis sbkoo intcey jkgb ne tbj
Wtktjs
Wtktjs Vkr
Vkrtcj
tcjss tn tb
tbjj pr
prjsj
jsjit
it Gnv
Gnvjijiki
kit,t, wb
wbcgb
cgb hky wct
wctbc
bcii twn
hnitbs su`hct inhciktcnis ci kggnrdkigj wctb krtcgoj 03 enr tbj
purpnsj ne ecoocim tbj vkgkigy.
vkgkigy.
0. Tbj Wjgrjtkr
Wjgrjtkry-Mj
y-Mjijrk
ijrkoo ne tbj Zictjd
Zictjd Iktcnis
Iktcnis sbkoo prjpkrj
prjpkrj
k ocst ci kopbk`jtcgko nrdjr ne tbj pjrsnis tbus inhciktjd kid sbkoo
su`hct ct tn tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs tn tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit. Tbj jojgtcni
tn ecoo tbj vkgkigy sbkoo tbji tkaj pokgj ci kggnrdkigj wctb tbj
rjojvkit prnvcscnis ne tbcs pkrt ne tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit.
7. K hj
hjh`
h`jrjr ne tb
tbjj Gn
Gnhh
hhctcttj
tjjj joj
ojggtj
tjdd tn ec
ecoo
oo k vk
vkgk
gkig
igyy
djgokrjd ci kggnrdkigj wctb krtcgoj 77 sbkoo bnod neecgj enr tbj
rjhkcidjr ne tbj tjrh ne tbj hjh`jr wbn vkgktjd tbj sjkt ni tbj
Gnhhcttjj uidjr tbj prnvcscnis ne tbkt krtcgoj.
Krtcgoj 7:
Tbj hjh`jrs ne tbj Gnhhcttjj sbkoo, wctb tbj kpprnvko ne tbj Mjijrko
Kssjhòy ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis, rjgjcvj jhnouhjits ernh Zictjd Iktcnis
rjsnurgjs ni sugb tjrhs kid gnidctcnis ks tbj Mjijrko Kssjhòy hky djgcdj,
bkvcim rjmkrd tn tbj chpnrtkigj ne tbj GnhhcttjjÚ s rjspnisc`coctcjs.
Krtcgoj 75
Tbjyj stkee
Tb
ijgjsskr
ijgjsskry Wjgr
Wj grjt
jtkr
kry-M
kid y-Mji
jijrjrko
ekgcoctcjskoenrnetbjtb
tbj
j Zi
Zict
ctjd
jeejgtcvjjd Iktcn
Ik tcnis
pjrenrhk is
igj sb
pjrenrhkigj sbko
nekoo
o pr
tbj prnv
nvcd
cdjj tb
euigtcnistbj
nej
tbj Gnhhcttjj uidjr tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit.
Krtcgoj 7=
;. Tbj Wjgrjtkr
Wjgrjtkry-Mj
y-Mjijrk
ijrkoo ne tbj Zictjd
Zictjd Iktcnis
Iktcnis sbkoo gnivji
gnivjijj
tbj cictcko hjjtcim ne tbj Gnhhcttjj kt tbj Bjkdqukrtjrs ne tbj
Zictjd Iktcnis.
0. Ketj
Ketjrr cts cictcko
cictcko hjjtcim,
hjjtcim, tbj Gnhhcttj
Gnhhcttjjj sbkoo hjjt
hjjt kt sugb
tchjs ks sbkoo `j prnvcdjd ci cts ruojs ne prngjdurj.
7. Tbj Gnhhct
Gnhhcttjj
tjj sbkoo
sbkoo inrhkooy
inrhkooy hjjt
hjjt kt tbj Bjkdqukr
Bjkdqukrtjrs
tjrs ne
tbj Zictjd Iktcnis nr kt tbj Zictjd Iktcnis Neecgj kt Mjijvk.
Krtcgoj 72
Jvjry hjh`jr ne tbj Gnhhcttjj sbkoo, `jenrj tkacim up bcs dutcjs,

hkaj k snojhi djgokrktcni ci npji gnhhcttjj tbkt bj wcoo pjrenrh bcs
euigtcnis chpkrtckooy kid gnisgcji
gnisgcjitcnusoy.
tcnusoy.
Krtcgoj 73
;. Tb
Tbjj Gn
Gnhh
hhctcttj
tjjj sb
sbko
kooo jo
jojg
jgtt ct
ctss ne
neec
ecgj
gjrs
rs en
enrr k tj
tjrh
rh ne tw
twnn
yjkrs. Tbjy hky `j rj-jojgtjd.
0. Tbj Gnhhcttj
Gnhhcttjjj sbkoo jstkò
jstkòcsb
csb cts nwi ruojs
ruojs ne prngjdur
prngjdurj,
j,
ùt tbjsj ruojs prnvcdj, citjr kock, tbkt<
ruojs sbkoo prnvcdj,
CITJPIKTCNIKO GN
GNUJI
JIK
KIT NI
NI GC
GCUCO KI
KID VN
VNOCTCGKO PC
PCMBTW =:
(k))
(k Twjov
ovjj hjh`jrs sbkoo gnist
stct
ctuutj k qu
qunnruh
uh11
(`)
(`) Djgcs
cscn
cniis ne
ne tbj
tbj Gn
Gnhh
hhcctt
ttjjj sbk
sbkoo
oo `j
`j hk
hkdj `y k hk
hkln
lnrc
rcty
ty
vntj ne tbj hjh`jrs prjsjit.
Krtcgoj 46
;. Tb
Tbjj Wtk
Wtktjs
tjs Vkrtcjs
Vkrtcjs tn tb
tbjj prj
prjsj
sjit
it Gn
Gnvj
vjik
ikit
it uidjrtk
uidjrtkaj
aj tn
su`hct rjpnrts ni tbj hjksurjs tbjy bkvj kdnptjd wbcgb mcvj jeejgt
tn tbj rcmbts rjgnmiczjd bjrjci kid ni tbj prnmrjss hkdj ci tbj
jilnyhjit ne tbnsj rcmbts< (k) ]ctbci nij yjkr ne tbj jitry citn
enrgj ne tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit enr tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs gnigjrijd1 (`)
Tbjrjketjr wbjijvjr tbj Gnhhcttjj sn rjqujsts.
0. Koo rjpnrts
rjpnrts sbkoo
sbkoo `j su`hcttjd
su`hcttjd tn tbj
tbj Wjgrjtkry
Wjgrjtkry-Mjij
-Mjijrko
rko ne
tbj Zictjd Iktcnis, wbn sbkoo trkishct tbjh tn tbj Gnhhcttjj enr
gniscdjrktcni. Pjpnrts sbkoo cidcgktj tbj ekgtnrs kid dceecguotcjs, ce
kiy, keejgtcim tbj chpojhjitktcni ne tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit.
7. Tb
Tbjj Wjg
Wjgrj
rjtkr
tkry-M
y-Mji
jijrk
jrkoo ne tbj ZicZictjd
tjd Iktcnis
Iktcnis hky,
hky, keketjr
tjr
gnis
gnisuo
uotk
tktc
tcni
ni wc
wctb
tb tb
tbjj Gn
Gnhh
hhcttcttjj
jj,, tr
trki
kish
shct
ct tn tb
tbjj sp
spjg
jgck
ckoc
oczj
zjdd
kmjigcjs gnigjrijd gnpcjs ne sugb pkrts ne tbj rjpnrts ks hky ekoo
wctbci tbjcr ecjod ne gnhpjtjigj.
4. Tb
Tbjj Gnh
Gnhhct
hcttjj
tjj sbkoo
sbkoo study
study tb
tbjj rj
rjpnr
pnrts
ts su`hctt
su`hcttjd
jd `y tbj
Wtktjs Vkrtcjs tn tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit. Ct sbkoo trkishct cts rjpnrts,
kid sugb mjijrko gnhhjits ks ct hky gniscdjr kpprnprcktj, tn tbj
Wtktjs Vkrtcjs. Tbj Gnhhcttjj hky kosn trkishct tn tbj Jgninhcg
kid Wngcko Gnuigco tbjsj gnhhjits konim wctb tbj gnpcjs ne tbj
rjpnrts ct bks rjgjcvjd ernh Wtktjs Vkrtcjs tn tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit.
Gnvjikit.
:. Tb
Tbjj Wtk
tbj GnhhcttjjWtktjs
tjs Vkrtcj
Vkrtcjss tnnitbj
n`sjrvktcnis kiyprjsji
prjsjitt Gn
gnhhjitsGnvj
vjik
ikit
ithky
tbkt hky`jsu`hct
su`hct tn
hkdj ci
kggnrdkigj wctb pkrkmrkpb 4 ne tbcs krtcgoj.
Krtcgoj 4;
;. K Wt
Wtkt
ktjj Vk
Vkrt
rtyy tn tbj prjsj
prjsjit
it Gnvji
Gnvjiki
kitt hk
hkyy kt kiy tchj
tchj
djgokrj uidjr tbcs krtcgoj tbkt ct rjgnmiczjs tbj gnhpjtjigj ne tbj
Gnhhcttjj tn rjgjcvj kid gniscdjr gnhhuicgktcnis tn tbj jeejgt
tbkt k Wtktj Vkrty gokchs tbkt kintbjr Wtktj Vkrty cs int euoecoocim cts
nòcmktcnis uidjr tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit. Gnhhuicgktcnis uidjr tbcs
krtcgoj hky `j rjgjcvjd kid gniscdjrjd nioy ce su`hcttjd `y k Wtktj
Vkrty wbcgb bks hkdj k djgokrktcni rjgnmiczcim ci rjmkrd tn ctsjoe
tbj gn
gnhpj
hpjtji
tjigj
gj ne tbj Gn Gnhh
hhcttj
cttjj.
j. In gn
gnhh
hhuic
uicgk
gktcn
tcnii sb
sbkoo
koo `j
rjgjcvjd `y tbj Gnhhcttjj ce ct gnigjris k Wtktj Vkrty wbcgb bks int
hkdj su
hkdj sugb
gb k djdjgok
gokrk
rktcn
tcni.
i. Gnh
Gnhhu
huicg
icgktc
ktcni
niss rjg
rjgjcv
jcvjd
jd uiuidj
djrr tbc
tbcss
krtc
krtcgo
gojj sb
sbko
kooo `j dj
djko
kott wc
wctb
tb ci kg
kggn
gnrd
rdkkig
igjj wc
wctb
tb tb
tbjj en
enoo
oonw
nwci
cimm
prngjdurj<
prngjdu rj<
(k) Ce k Wtk tktj
tj Vkrt
Vkrtyy tn tbj
tbj prjsj
sjiit Gn
Gnvj
vjiikit gnis
iscd
cdjjrs tbk
tbkt
kintbjr Wtktj Vkrty cs int mcvcim jeejgt tn tbj prnvcscnis ne tbj prjsjit
Gnvjikit, ct hky, `y wrcttji gnhhuicgktcni, `rcim tbj hkttjr tn tbj
kttjitcni ne tbkt Wtktj Vkrty. ]ctbci tbrjj hnitbs ketjr tbj rjgjcpt ne
tbj gnhhuicgktcni
gnhhuicgktcni tbj rjgjcvcim Wtktj sbkoo keenrd tbj Wtktj wbcgb sjit
tbj gnhhuicgktcni ki jxpokiktcni, nr kiy ntbjr stktjhjit ci wrctcim
gokrceycim tbj hkttjr wbcgb sbnuod cigoudj, tn tbj jxtjit pnsscòj kid
pjrtcijit, rjejrjigj tn dnhjstcg prngjdu
prngjdurjs
rjs kid rjhjdcjs tkaji,
pjidcim, nr kvkcokòj ci tbj hkttjr1
(`) Ce tbtbjj hkttj
tjrr cs int
int kdlu
lust
stjjd tn tb
tbjj sktc
tcssek
ekggtc
tcnni ne `ntb
`ntb
Wtktjs Vkrtcjs gnigjrijd wctbci scx hnitbs ketjr tbj rjgjcpt `y tbj
rjgjcvcim Wtktj ne tbj cictcko gnhhuicg
gnhhuicgktcni,
ktcni, jctbjr Wtktj sbkoo bkvj tbj
rcmbt tn rjejr
Gnhhcttjj kidtbj hkttjr
tn tbj ntbjrtnWtktj1
tbj Gnhhcttjj, `y intcgj mcvji tn tbj
(g) Tb
(g) Tbjj Gnhh
Gnhhct cttj
tjjj sbko
sbkooo djko
djko wct
wctbb k hktt
hkttjr
jr rje
rjejr
jrrj
rjdd tn ct nio
nioyy
ketjr ct bks ksgjrtkcijd tbkt koo kvkcokòj dnhjstcg rjhjdcjs bkvj `jji
civnajd kid jxbkustjd ci tbj hkttjr, ci gnienrhcty wctb tbj mjijrkooy
rjgnmiczjd prcigcpojs ne citjriktcniko okw. Tbcs sbkoo int `j tbj ruoj
wbjrj tbj kppocgktcni ne tbj rjhjdcjs cs uirjksnikòy prnonimjd1
(d) Tbj Gnhhcttjj sbkoo bnod gonsjd hjjtcims wbji
jxkhcicim gnhhuicgktcnis uidjr tbcs krtcgoj1
(j) Wu`ljgt tn tbj prnvcscnis ne su`pkrkmrkpb (g), tbj
Gnhhcttjj sbkoo hkaj kvkcokòj cts mnnd neecgjs tn tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs
gnigjrijd wctb k vcjw tn k ercjidoy snoutcni ne tbj hkttjr ni tbj `kscs
ne rjspjgt enr buhki rcmbts kid euidkhjitko erjjdnhs ks rjgnmiczjd ci
tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit1
(e) Ci kiy
(e) kiy hkt
hkttj
tjrr rjej
rjejrr
rrjd
jd tn
tn ct,
ct, tbj
tbj Gnhh
Gnhhctcttj
tjjj hky
hky gkoo
gkoo upn
upnii
tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs
V krtcjs gnigjrijd,
gnigjrijd, rjejrrjd tn ci su`pkrk
su`pkrkmrkpb
mrkpb
(`), tn suppoy kiy rjojvkit cienrhktcni1
(m) Tb
(m) Tbjj Wtktj
Wtktjss Vkrtcj
Vkrtcjss gnigj
gnigjri
rijd
jd,, rjejr
rjejrrj
rjdd tn ci su`p
su`pkr
krkm
kmrk
rkpb
pb
(`), sbkoo bkvj tbj rcmbt tn `j rjprjsjitjd wbji tbj hkttjr cs `jcim
gniscdjrjd ci tbj Gnhhcttjj kid tn hkaj su`hcsscnis nrkooy kid/nr ci
wrctcim1
(b) Tb
(b) Tbjj Gnhhc
Gnhhcttttjj
jj sbko
sbkoo,
o, wctb
wctbci
ci twjo
twjovj
vj hnit
hnitbs
bs ketj
ketjrr tbj dktj
dktj
ne rjgjcpt ne intcgj uidjr su`pkrkmrkpb (`), su`hct k rjpnrt<
CITJPIKTCNIKO GN
GNUJI
JIK
KIT NI
NI GC
GCUCO KI
KID VN
VNOCTCGKO PC
PCMBTW ==
(c) Ce k snoutcni wctbci tbj tjrhs ne su`pkrkmrkpb (j) cs

rjkgbjd, tbj Gnhhcttjj sbkoo gniecij cts rjpnrt tn k `rcje stktjhjit ne
tbj ekgts kid ne tbj snoutcni rjkgbjd1
(cc) Ce k snoutcni wctbci
wctbci tbj tjrhs ne su`pkrkm
su`pkrkmrkpb rkpb (j) cs int
rjkg
rj kgbj
bjd,
d, tb
tbjj Gn
Gnhh
hhct
cttj
tjjj sb
sbko
kooo gn
gnie
ieci
cijj ctctss rj
rjpn
pnrt
rt tn k `r `rcj
cjee
stktjhjit ne tbj ekgts1 tbj wrcttji su`hcsscnis kid rjgnrd ne tbj
nrko su`hcsscnis hkdj `y tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs gnigjrijd sbkoo `j
kttk
kttkgb
gbjd
jd tn tb tbjj rj
rjpn
pnrt
rt.. Ci jv
jvjr
jryy hk
hktt
ttjr
jr,, tbtbjj rj
rjpn
pnrt
rt sb
sbko
kooo `j
gnhhuicgktjd tn tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs gnigjrijd.
0. Tb
Tbjj prn
prnvcs
vcscni
cniss ne tbc
tbcss krtcgoj
krtcgoj sbkoo
sbkoo gn
gnhj
hj citn enrgj
enrgj wbji
tji Wtktjs Vkrtcjs tn tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit bkvj hkdj djgokrktcnis
uidj
uidjrr pk
pkrk
rkmr
mrkp
kpbb C ne tb tbcs
cs kr
krtc
tcgo
goj.
j. Wu
Wugb
gb dj
djgo
gokr
krkt
ktcn
cnis
is sb
sbko
kooo `j
djpnsctjd `y tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs wctb tbj Wjgrjtkry-Mjijrko ne tbj
Zictjd Iktcnis, wbn sbkoo trkishct gnpcjs tbjrjne tn tbj ntbjr Wtktjs
Vkrtcjs. K djgokrktcni hky `j wctbdrkwi kt kiy tchj `y intcecgktcn
intcecgktcnii
tn tbj Wjgrjtkry-Mjijrko.
gniscdjrktcni ne kiy hkttjrWugb
wbcgbk wctbdrkwko sbkoo
cs tbj su`ljgt ne kint prjludcgj tbj
gnhhuicgktcni
korjkdy trkishcttjd uidjr tbcs krtcgoj1 in eurtbjr gnhhuicgktcni `y
kiy Wtktj Vkrty sbkoo `j rjgjcvj
rjgjcvjdd ketjr tbj intcecgktcni ne wctbdrkwko
ne tbj dj
djgok
gokrkt
rktcni
cni bk
bkss `j
`jji
ji rj
rjgj
gjcvj
cvjdd `y tbj Wjg
Wjgrjrjtkr
tkry-M
y-Mji
jijr
jrko,
ko,
uiojss tbj Wtktj Vkrty gnigjrijd bks hkdj k ijw djgokrktcni.
Krtcgoj 40
;. (k) Ce k hkttjr
hkttjr rjejrrjd tn tbj Gnhhcttjj
Gnhhcttjj ci kggnrdkigj
kggnrdkigj wctb krtcgoj
krtcgoj
4; cs int rjsnovjd tn tbj sktcsekgtcni ne tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs gnigjrijd, tbj
Gnhhcttjj hky, wctb tbj prcnr gnisjit ne tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs gnigjrijd,
kppncit ki kd bng Gnigcocktcni Gnhhcsscni (bjrjciketjr rjejrrjd tn ks tbj
Gnhhcsscni). Tbj mnnd neecgjs ne tbj Gnhhcsscni sbkoo `j hkdj kvkcokòj
tn tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs gnigjrijd wctb k vcjw tn ki khcgkòj snoutcni ne tbj
hkttjr ni tbj `kscs ne rjspjgt enr tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit1
(`) Tbj Gnhhcss
Gnhhcsscnicni sbkoo
sbkoo gniscst
gniscst ne ecvj pjrsnis
pjrsnis kggjptk`
kggjptkòj
oj tn tbj
Wtkt
Wtktjs
js Vk
Vkrt
rtcj
cjss gn
gnig
igjr
jrij
ijd.
d. Ce tbtbjj Wt
Wtkt
ktjs
js Vk
Vkrt
rtcj
cjss gn
gnig
igjr
jrij
ijdd ek
ekco
co tn rj
rjkg
kgbb
kmrjjhjit wctbci tbrjj hnitbs ni koo nr pkrt ne tbj gnhpnsctcni ne tbj
Gnhh
Gn hhcscssc
scni
ni,, tb
tbjj hj
hjh`h`jr
jrss ne tbtbjj Gn
Gnhhhhcs
cssc
scni
ni gngnig
igjr
jric
icim
im wbwbnh
nh in
kmrjjhjit bks `jji rjkgbjd sbkoo `j jojgtjd `y sjgrjt `koont `y k twn-tbcrds
hklnrcty vntj ne tbj Gnhhcttjj ernh khnim cts hjh`jrs.
0. Tb
Tbjj hj
hjh`
h`jrjrss ne tb
tbjj Gn
Gnhh
hhcscssscn
cnii sb
sbko
kooo sj
sjrv
rvjj ci tb
tbjc
jcrr
pjrsnikoo gkpkgcty
pjrsnik gkpkgcty.. Tbjy sbkoo int `j iktcnikos ne tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs
gnigjrijd, nr ne k Wtktj int Vkrty tn tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit, nr ne k
Wtktj Vkrty wbcgb bks int hkdj k djgokrktcni uidjr krtcgoj 4;.
7. Tb
Tbjj Gnh
Gnhhcs
hcsscn
scnii sbk
sbkoo
oo jojgt
jojgt cts nwi Gbkcrhk
Gbkcrhkii kid kd
kdnpt
npt
cts nwi ruojs ne prngjdurj.
4. Tbj hjjtci
hjjtcims
ms ne tbj Gnhhcss
Gnhhcsscni
cni sbkoo
sbkoo inrhkooy
inrhkooy `j bjod
bjod kt
tbj Bjkdqukrtjrs ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis nr kt tbj Zictjd Iktcnis
Neec
Ne ecgj
gj kt Mj
Mjij
ijvk
vk.. Bn
Bnwjwjvj
vjr,
r, tb
tbjy
jy hk
hkyy `j bjbjod
od kt su
sugb
gb nt
ntbj
bjrr
gnivjicjit pokgjs ks tbj Gnhhcsscni hky djtjrhcij ci gnisuotktcni
wctb tbj Wjgrjtkry-Mjijrko ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis kid tbj Wtktjs
Vkrtcjs gnigjrijd.
:. Tbj sjgrjtk
sjgrjtkrckt
rckt prnvcdjd
prnvcdjd ci kggnrd
kggnrdkigj
kigj wctb
wctb krtcgoj
krtcgoj 75 sbkoo
kosn sjrvcgj tbj gnhhcsscnis kppncitjd uidjr tbcs krtcgoj.
5. Tb
Tbjj cie
cienr
nrhkt
hktcni
cni rjgjcv
rjgjcvjd
jd ki
kidd gn
gnook
ooktjd
tjd `y tbj Gnhhctt
Gnhhcttjj
jj
sbkoo `j hkdj kvkcokòj tn tbj Gnhhcsscni kid tbj Gnhhcsscni
hky gkoo upni tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs gnigjrijd tn suppoy kiy ntbjr
rjojvkit cienrhktcni.
=. ]bj
]bjii tbj Gnhhcsscn
Gnhhcsscnii bks euooy
euooy gniscdjr
gniscdjrjd
jd tbj hkttjr,
hkttjr, ùt
ci kiy jvjit int oktjr tbki twjovj hnitbs ketjr bkvcim `jji sjczjd
ne tbj hkttjr, ct sbkoo su`hct tn tbj Gbkcrhki ne tbj Gnhhcttjj k
rjpnrt enr gnhhuicgktcni tn tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs gnigjrijd<
(k) Ce tbj
(k) tbj Gnhh
Gnhhcs cssc
scni
ni cs
cs uikò
uikòjj tn gnhp
gnhpoj
ojtj
tj cts
cts gnisc
gniscdj
djrk
rktc
tcni
ni
ne tbj hkttjr wctbci twjovj hnitbs, ct sbkoo gniecij cts rjpnrt tn k `rcje
stktjhjit ne tbj stktus ne cts gniscdjrktcni ne tbj hkttjr1
(`) Ce ki
(`) ki khcgk
khcgkòj
òj sno
snoutc
utcni
ni tn
tn tbj
tbj hkttj
hkttjrr ni tcj `ks
`kscs
cs ne
ne rjspj
rjspjgt
gt
enr buhki rcmbts ks rjgnmiczjd ci tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit cs rjkgbjd, tbj
Gnhhcsscni sbkoo gniecij cts rjpnrt tn k `rcje stktjhjit ne tbj ekgts
kid ne tbj snoutcni rjkgbjd1
(g) Ce k snou
(g) snoutc
tcni
ni wct
wctbc
bcii tbj
tbj tjrhs
tjrhs ne su`p
su`pkrkrkm
kmrk
rkpb
pb (`)
(`) cs int
rjkgbjd, tbj Gnhhcsscni–s rjpnrt sbkoo jh`ndy cts ecidcims ni koo
qujstcnis ne ekgt rjojvkit tn tbj cssujs `jtwjji tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs
gnigjrijd, kid cts vcjws ni tbj pnssc`coctcjs ne ki khcgkòj snoutcni ne
tbj hkttjr. Tbcs rjpnrt sbkoo kosn gnitkci tbj wrcttji su`hcsscnis kid k
rjgnrd ne tbj nrko su`hcsscnis hkdj `y tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs gnigjrijd1
(d) Ce tbj GnhhcsscniÚ s rjpnrt cs su`hcttjd uidjr
su`pkr
su`pkrkm
kmrkp
rkpbb (g)
(g),, tb
tbjj Wtk
Wtktjs
tjs Vkr
Vkrtcj
tcjss gngnig
igjri
jrijd
jd sbk
sbkoo,
oo, wct
wctbci
bci tbr
tbrjj
jj
hnit
hn itbs
bs ne tbtbjj rj
rjgj
gjcp
cptt ne tb
tbjj rj
rjpn
pnrtrt,, in
intc
tcey
ey tb
tbjj Gb
Gbkc
kcrh
rhki
ki ne tb
tbjj
Gnhhcttjj wbjtbjr nr int tbjy kggjpt tbj gnitjits ne tbj rjpnrt ne tbj
Gnhhcsscni.
2. Tb
Tbjj pr
prnvc
nvcscn
scnis
is ne tbc
tbcss kr
krtcg
tcgoj
oj krj wc
wctbn
tbnut
ut prjludc
prjludcgj
gj tn tb
tbjj
rjspnisc`coctcjs
rjspnisc`coctcjs ne tbj Gnhhcttjj uidjr krtcgoj 4;.
CITJPIKTCNIKO GN
GNUJI
JIK
KIT NI
NI GC
GCUCO KI
KID VN
VNOCTCGKO PC
PCMBTW =3
3. Tb
Tbjj Wt
Wtkt
ktjs
js Vk
Vkrt
rtcj
cjss gn
gnig
igjr
jrij
ijdd sb
sbko
kooo sb
sbkr
krjj jq
jquk
ukoo
ooyy ko
kooo tb
tbjj
jxpjisjs ne tbj hjh`jrs ne tbj Gnhhcsscni ci kggnrdkigj wctb
jstchktjs tn `j prnvcdjd `y tbj Wjgrjtkry-Mjijrko ne tbj Zictjd
Iktcnis.
;6. Tbj Wjgrjtkry-Mjijrko ne
ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis sbkoo
`j jhpnwjr
jhpnwjrjd jd tn pky tbj jxpjisj
jxpjisjss ne tbj hjh`jrs ne tbj
Gnhhcs
Gnh hcsscn
scni,
i, ce ij
ijgj
gjssk
sskry,
ry, `j
`jenr
enrjj rj
rjch`
chùrs
ursjh
jhjit
jit `y tbj Wtk
Wtktjs
tjs
Vkrtcjs gnigjrijd, ci kggnrdkigj wctb pkrkmrkpb 3 ne tbcs krtcgoj.
Krtcgoj 47
Tbj hj
Tbj hjh`h`jr
jrss ne tb
tbjj Gn
Gnhh
hhctt
cttjj
jj,, ki
kidd ne tb
tbjj kd bn
bngg gn
gnig
igco
cock
cktc
tcni
ni
gnhhcsscnis wbcgb hky `j kppncitjd uidjr krtcgoj 40, sbkoo `j jitctojd tn
tbj ekgcoctcjs, prcvcojmjs kid chhuictcjs ne jxpjrts ni hcsscni enr tbj Zictjd
Iktcnis ks okcd dnwi ci tbj rjojvki
rjojvkitt sjgtcnis ne tbj Gnivjitcni ni tbj
Vrcvcojmjs kid Chhuictcjs ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis.
Krtcgoj 44
Tbj prnvcscnis enr tbj chpojhjitktcni ne tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit sbkoo

kppoy wctbnut prjludcgj tn tbj prngjdurjs prjsgrc`jd ci tbj ecjod ne buhki
rcmbts `y nr uidjr tbj gnistctujit cistruhjits kid tbj gnivjitcnis ne tbj
Zictjd Iktcnis kid ne tbj spjgckoczjd kmjigcjs kid sbkoo int prjvjit tbj
Wtkt
Wtktjs
js Vk
Vkrt
rtcj
cjss tn tb
tbjj pr
prjs
jsji
jitt Gn
Gnvj
vjik
ikit
it er
ernh
nh bk
bkvc
vcim
im rj
rjgn
gnur
ursj
sj tn nt
ntbj
bjrr
prngjdurjs
prngjdu rjs enr sjttocim k dcsputj ci kggnrd
kggnrdkigj
kigj wctb mjijrko nr spjgcko
citjriktcniko kmrjjhjits ci enrgj `jtwjji tbjh.
Krtcgoj 4:
Tbj Gnhhcttjj sbkoo su`hct tn tbj Mjijrko Kssjhòy ne tbj Zictjd

Iktcnis, tbrnumb tbj Jgninhcg kid Wngcko Gnuigco, ki kiiuko rjpnrt ni cts
kgtcvctcjs.
VKPT U
Krtcgoj 45
Intbcim ci tbj prjsjit Gnvjiki

Gnvjikitt sbkoo `j citjrprjtjd ks chpkcrcim tbj
prnvcscniss ne tbj Gbkrtjr ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis kid ne tbj gnistctutcni
prnvcscni gnistctutcniss ne
tbj spjgckoczjd kmjigcjs wbcgb djecij tbj rjspjgtcvj rjspnisc`coctcjs ne tbj
vkrcnus nrmkis ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis kid ne tbj spjgckoczjd kmjigcjs ci
rjmkrd tn tbj hkttjrs djkot wctb ci tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit.
Krtcgoj 4=
Intbcim ci tbj prjsjit Gnvjik

Gnvjikitit sbkoo `j citjrprjtj
citjrprjtjdd ks chpkcrcim tbj
cibjrjit rcmbt ne koo pjnpojs tn jilny kid utcoczj euooy kid erjjoy tbjcr ikturko
wjkotb kid rjsnurgjs.
VKPT UC
Krtcgoj 42
;. Tb
Tbjj prjsji
prjsjitt Gnv
Gnvji
jikit
kit cs npji enr scmik
scmiktur
turjj `y kiy Wtktj
Wtktj
Hjh`jr ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis nr hjh`jr ne kiy ne cts spjgckoczjd
kmjigcjs,
kmjigcj s, `y kiy Wtktj Vkrty tn tbj Wtktutj ne tbj Citjriktcniko Gnurt
ne Lustcgj, kid `y kiy ntbjr Wtktj wbcgb bks `jji civctjd `y tbj
Mjijrko Kssjhòy ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis tn `jgnhj k Vkrty tn tbj
prjsjit Gnvjikit.
Gnvjikit.
0. Tbj prjsjit
prjsjit Gnvjik
Gnvjikit
it cs su`ljgt
su`ljgt tn rktcecgktcni
rktcecgktcni.. Cistruhjits
Cistruhjits
ne rktcecgktcni sbkoo `j djpnsctjd wctb tbj Wjgrjtkry-Mjijrko ne tbj
Zictjd Iktcnis.
7. Tb
Tbjj prjsji
prjsjitt Gnv
Gnvjik
jikit
it sbkoo
sbkoo `j npnpji
ji tn kggjssc
kggjsscni
ni `y kiy
Wtktj rjejrrjd tn ci pkrkmrkpb ; ne tbcs krtcgoj.
4. Kgg
Kggjssc
jsscni
ni sbkoo
sbkoo `j jeejgtjd
jeejgtjd `y tbj djpnsc
djpnsctt ne ki cistruhjit
cistruhjit
ne kggjsscni wctb tbj Wjgrjtkry-Mjijrko ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis.
:. Tbj Wjgrjtk
Wjgrjtkry-Mj
ry-Mjijrk
Iktcnis sbkoo
sbkoo cienrh
cienrh
koo Wtktjs wbcgb bkvj scmijd tbcs Gnvjikit nr kggjdjd tn ct ne tbj
djpnsct ne jkgb cistruhjit ne rktcecgktcni nr kggjsscni.
Krtcgoj 43
;. Tb
Tbjj prj
prjsj
sjit
it Gnvjik
Gnvjikit
it sbkoo jitjr
jitjr citn enrgj
enrgj tb
tbrjj
rjj hnitb
hnitbss
ketjr tbj dktj ne tbj djpnsct wctb tbj Wjgrjtkry-Mjijrko ne tbj
Zictj
Zi ctjdd Ik
Iktcn
tcnis
is ne tbj tb
tbcrt
crty-e
y-ecet
cetbb ci
cistr
struhj
uhjit
it ne rk
rktce
tcecgk
cgktcn
tcnii nr
cistruhjit ne kggjsscni.
0. Enr jkgb
jkgb Wtktj rktceyci
rktceycimm tbj prjsjit
prjsjit Gnvjikit
Gnvjikit nr kggjd
kggjdcim
cim
tn ct ketjr tbj djpnsct ne tbj tbcrty-ecetb cistruhjit ne rktcecgktcni nr
cistruhjit ne kggjsscni, tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit sbkoo jitjr citn enrgj
tbrjj hnitbs ketjr tbj dktj ne tbj djpnsct ne cts nwi cistruhjit ne
rktcecgktcni nr cistruhjit ne kggjsscni.
Krtcgoj :6
Tbj prnvcscnis ne tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit sbkoo jxtjid tn koo pkrts ne

ejdjrko Wtktjs wctbnut kiy ochctktcnis nr jxgjptcnis.
CITJPIKTCNIKO GN
GNUJI
JIK
KIT NI
NI GC
GCUCO KI
KID VN
VNOCTCGKO PC
PCMBTW 2;
Krtcgoj :;
;. Ki
Kiyy Wtk
Wtktj
tj Vkrty
Vkrty tn tbj prjsji
prjsjitt Gnv
Gnvjijiki
kitt hk
hkyy pr
prnpn
npnsjsj ki
khjidhjit kid ecoj ct wctb tbj Wjgrjtkry-Mjijrko ne tbj Zictjd
Iktcnis. Tbj Wjgrjtkry-Mj
Wjgrjtkry-Mjijrko
ijrko ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis sbkoo
tbjrjupni gnhhuicgktj kiy prnpnsjd khjidhjits tn tbj Wtktjs
Vkrtcjs tn tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit wctb k rjqujst tbkt tbjy intcey bch
wbjtbjr tbjy ekvnur k gniejrjigj ne Wtktjs Vkrtcjs enr tbj purpnsj
ne gniscdjrcim kid vntcim upni tbj prnpnskos. Ci tbj jvjit tbkt kt
ojkst nij tbcrd ne tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs ekvnurs sugb k gniejrjigj, tbj
Wjgrjtkry-Mjijrko sbkoo gnivjij tbj gniejrjigj uidjr tbj kuspcgjs
ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis. Kiy khjidhjit kdnptjd `y k hklnrcty ne tbj
Wtkt
Wtktjs
js VkVkrt
rtcj
cjss pr
prjs
jsji
jitt ki
kidd vn
vntc
tcim
im kt tb
tbjj gn
gnie
iejr
jrji
jigj
gj sb
sbkkoo `j
su`h
su `hct
cttj
tjdd tn tbtbjj Mj
Mjij
ijrkrkoo Ks
Kssj
sjh`
hòy
oy ne tb
tbjj Zi
Zictctjd
jd Ik
Iktc
tcni
niss en
enrr
kpprnvko.
0. Kh
Khji
jidhj
dhjits
its sbkoo
sbkoo gnhj citn enrgj
enrgj wbji tbjy
tbjy bk
bkvj
vj `jji
kpprnvjd
kggjptjd `y`yk twn-tbcrds
tbj Mjijrko Kssjhòy
hklnrcty ne tbjneWtktjs
tbj Zictjd tIktcnis
Vkrtcjs tn kid
n tbj prjsjit
Gnvj
Gn vjik
ikit
it ci kg kggn
gnrd
rdki
kigj
gj wc
wctb
tb tb
tbjc
jcrr rj
rjsp
spjg
jgtc
tcvj
vj gngnis
istc
tctu
tutc
tcni
niko
ko
prngjssjs.
prngjssjs.
7. ]bj
]bjii khjidhji
khjidhjitsts gnhj citn enrgj
enrgj,, tbjy sbkoo
sbkoo `j `cidcim
`cidcim
ni tbnsj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs wbcgb bkvj kggjptjd tbjh, ntbjr Wtktjs
Vkrtcjs stcoo `jcim `nuid `y tbj prnvcscnis ne tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit
kid kiy jkrocjr khjidhjit wbcgb tbjy bkvj kggjptjd.
Krtcgoj :0
;. Crrjspjg
Crrjspjgtcvj
tcvj ne tbj intcecgktcnis hkdj hkdj uidjr krtcgoj 42, pkrkmrkpb
pkrkmrkpb :,
tbj Wjgrjtkry-Mjijrko ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis sbkoo cienrh koo Wtktjs rjejrrjd
tn ci pkrkmrkpb C ne tbj skhj krtcgoj ne tbj enoonwcim pkrtcguokrs<
(k) Wcmmiktu
Wc turrjs, rktc
tceecg
cgkktc
tcnnis kid kggj
gjsssc
scnnis uidj
djrr
krtcgoj 421
(`) Tbj dk
dktj ne
ne tb
tbj ji
jitry ci
citn en
enrgj ne
ne tb
tbj pr
prjsjit Gn
Gnvjikit
uidjr krtcgoj 43 kid tbj dktj ne tbj jitry citn enrgj ne kiy khjidhjits
uidjr krtcgoj :;.
Krtcgoj :7
;. Tb
Tbjj pr
prjs
jsji
jitt Gn
Gnvj
vjik
ikit
it,, ne wb
wbcg
cgbb tb
tbjj Gb
Gbci
cijs
jsj,
j, Ji
Jimo
mocs
csb,
b,
Erjigb, Pusscki kid Wpkicsb tjxts krj jqukooy kutbjitcg, sbkoo `j
djpnsctjd ci tbj krgbcvjs ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis.
0. Tbj Wjgrjtk
Wjgrjtkry-Mj
ry-Mjijrk
Iktcnis sbkoo
sbkoo trkishct
trkishct
gjrtcecjd gnpcjs ne tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit tn koo Wtktjs rjejrrjd tn ci
krtcgoj 42.
CITJPIKTCNIKO GNUJIKIT
WNGCKO KID NI
GZOTZPKO JGNINHCG,
PCMBTW
Kdnptjd kid npjijd enr scmikturj, rktcecgktcni kid kggjsscni `y
Mjijrko Kssjhòy rjsnoutcni 0066K (RRC)
ne ;5 Djgjh`jr ;355 jitry citn enrgj 7 Lkiukry ;3=5, ci kggnrdkigj
wctb krtcgoj 0=
Vrjkhòj
Tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs tn tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit,
Gniscdjrcim
Gbkrtjr tbkt,Iktcnis,
ne tbj Zictjd ci kggnrdkigj wctbnetbjtbjprcigcpojs
rjgnmictcni prngokchjd
cibjrjit dcmicty ci tbj
kid ne tbj
jquko kid cikocjikòj rcmbts ne koo hjh`jrs ne tbj buhki ekhcoy cs tbj
enuidktcni ne erjjdnh, lustcgj kid pjkgj ci tbj wnrod,
Pjgnmiczcim tbkt tbjsj rcmbts djrcvj ernh tbj cibjrjit dcmicty ne tbj
buhki pjrsni,
Pjgnmiczcim tbkt, ci kggnrdkigj wctb tbj Zicvjrsko Djgokrktcni ne
Buhki Pcmbts, tbj cdjko ne erjj buhki `jcims jilnycim erjjdnh ernh ejkr
kid wkit gki nioy `j kgbcjvjd ce gnidctcnis krj grjktjd wbjrj`y jvjrynij
hky jilny bcs jgninhcg, sngcko kid guoturko rcmbts, ks wjoo ks bcs gcvco kid
pnoctcgko rcmbts,
Gniscdjrcim tbj nòcmktcni ne Wtktjs uidjr tbj Gbkrtjr ne tbj Zictjd
Iktcnis tn prnhntj uicvjrsk
uicvjrskoo rjspjgt enr, kid n`sjrvki
n`sjrvkigj
gj ne, buhki rcmbts
kid erjjdnhs,
Pjkoczcim tbkt tbj cidcvcduko, bkvcim dutcjs tn ntbjr cidcvcdukos kid tn
tbj gnhhuicty tn wbcgb bj `jonims, cs uidjr k rjspnisc`cocty tn strcvj enr tbj
prnhntcni kid
kid n`sjrvkigj
n`sjrvkigj ne tbj rcmbts
rcmbts rjgnmiczjd
rjgnmiczjd ci tbj prjsjit
prjsjit Gnvjikit,
Gnvjikit,
Kmrjj upni tbj enoonwcim krtcgojs<
25
CITJPIKTCNIKO GNUJIKIT NI JGNINHCG, 27
WNGCKO KID GZOTZPKO PCMBTW
VKPT C
Krtcgoj ;
;. Koo pjnpojs
pjnpojs bkvj
bkvj tbj rcmbt ne sjoe-djt
sjoe-djtjrhc
jrhciktc
iktcni.
ni. @y vcrtuj
vcrtuj
ne tbkt tbjcr
pursuj rcmbtjgninhcg
tbjy erjjoy
jgninhcg, djtjrhcij
, sngcko tbjcr
rkopnoctcgko
kid guoturko
guotu stktus kid erjjoy
djvjonphjit.
djvjonphjit.
0. Koo pjnpojs
pjnpojs hky,
hky, enr tbjcr
tbjcr nwi jids,
jids, erjjoy
erjjoy dcspns
dcspnsjj ne tbjcr
ikturko wjkotb kid rjsnurgjs wctbnut prjludcgj tn kiy nòcmktcnis
krcscim nut ne citjriktcniko jgninhcg gn-npjrktcni, `ksjd upni tbj
prcigcpoj ne hutuko `jiject, kid citjriktcniko okw. Ci in gksj hky k
pjnpoj `j djprcvjd
djprcvjd ne cts nwi
nwi hjkis ne su`scstjig
su`scstjigj.j.
7. Tbj Wtktjs
Wtktjs Vkrtcjs
prjsjit Gnvji
Gnvjikit,
kit, cigoudc
cigoudcim
im tbnsj
tbnsj
bkvcim rjspnisc`cocty enr tbj kdhcicstrktcni ne Ini-WjoeMnvjricim
kid Trust Tjrrctnrcjs, sbkoo prnhntj tbj rjkoczktcni ne tbj rcmbt ne
sjoe-djtjrhciktcni, kid sbkoo rjspjgt tbkt rcmbt, ci gnienrhcty wctb
tbj prnvcscnis ne tbj Gbkrtjr ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis.
VKPT CC
Krtcgoj 0
;. Jk
Jkgb
gb Wtk
Wtktj
tj Vk
Vkrt
rtyy tn tb
tbjj pr
prjs
jsji
jitt Gn
Gnvj
vjik
ikit
it ui
uidj
djrt
rtka
kajs
js tn
tkaj stjps, cidcvcdukooy kid tbrnumb citjriktcniko ksscstkigj kid gn-
npjrktcni, jspjgckooy jgninhcg kid tjgbicgko, tn tbj hkxchuh ne cts
kvkcokòj rjsnurgjs, wctb k vcjw tn kgbcjvcim prnmrjsscvjoy tbj euoo
rjkoczktcni ne tbj rcmbts rjgnmiczjd ci tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit `y koo
kpprnprcktj
kpprnpr cktj hjkis, cigoudcim pkrtcguokroy tbj kdnptcni ne ojmcsoktcvj
hjksurjs.
0. Tb
Tbjj Wtk
Wtktjs
tjs Vkrtcjs
Vkrtcjs tn tbtbjj prj
prjsj
sjit
it Gn
Gnvj
vjik
ikit
it uidjrtk
uidjrtkaj
aj tn
mukrkitjj tbkt tbj rcmbts jiuigcktjd ci tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit wcoo `j
jxjrgcsjd wctbnut dcsgrchciktcni ne kiy acid ks tn rkgj, gnonur, sjx,
okimu
okimukmj
kmj,, rj
rjocm
ocmcni
cni,, pno
pnoctc
ctcgk
gkoo nr ntb
ntbjr
jr np
npcic
cicni,
ni, ik
iktcn
tcnik
ikoo nr sng
sngcko
cko
nrcmci, prnpjrty, `crtb nr ntbjr stktus.
7. Djv
Djvjonp
jonpcim
cim gnuitrcj
gnuitrcjs,
s, wctb duj rjmkrd
rjmkrd tn buhki
buhki rcmbts
rcmbts kid
tbjcr iktcniko jgninhy, hky djtjrhcij tn wbkt jxtjit tbjy wnuod
mukrkitjj tbj jgninhcg rcmbts rjgnmiczjd ci tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit
tn ini-iktcnikos.
Krtcgoj 7
Tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs tn tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit uidjrtkaj tn jisurj tbj

jquko rcmbt ne hji kid wnhji tn tbj jilnyhjit ne koo jgninhcg, sngcko kid
guoturko rcmbts sjt enrtb ci tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit.
Gnvjikit.
Krtcgoj 4
Tbj Wtk
Tbj Wtktj
tjss Vk
Vkrt
rtcj
cjss tn tb
tbjj pr
prjs
jsji
jitt Gn
Gnvj
vjik
ikit
it rj
rjgn
gnmi
micz
czjj tb
tbkt
kt,, ci tb
tbjj
jilnyhjit ne tbnsj rcmbts prnvcdjd `y tbj Wtktj ci gnienrhcty wctb tbj
prjsjit Gnvjikit, tbj Wtktj hky su`ljgt sugb rcmbts nioy tn sugb ochctktcnis
ks krj djtjrhcijd `y okw nioy ci sn ekr ks tbcs hky `j gnhpktcòj wctb tbj
ikturj ne tbjsj rcmbts kid snojoy enr tbj purpnsj ne prnhntcim tbj mjijrko
wjoekrj ci k djhngrk
djhngrktcg
tcg sngcjty.
Krtcgoj :
;. In
Intb
tbci
cimm ci tb
tbjj pr
prjs
jsji
jitt Gn
Gnvj
vjik
ikit
it hk
hkyy `j ci
citj
tjrp
rprj
rjtj
tjdd ks
chpoycim
kgtcvcty nrenr
tn kiy Wtktj,kiy
pjrenrh mrnup nr pjrsni
kgt kchjd kt tbjkiy rcmbt tn jimkmj
djstrugtcni ne kiy ci
ne kiy
tbj
rcmbts nr erjjdnhs rjgnmiczjd bjrjci, nr kt tbjcr ochctktcni tn k
mrjktjr jxtjit tbki cs prnvcdjd enr ci tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit.
0. In rjstrcgtcni upni nr djrnmktcni ernh kiy ne tbj
euidkhjitko buhki rcmbts rjgnmiczjd nr jxcstcim ci kiy gnuitry ci
vcrtuj ne okw, gnivjitcnis, rjmuoktcnis nr gustnh sbkoo `j kdhcttjd
ni tbj prjtjxt tbkt tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit dnjs int rjgnmiczj sugb
rcmbts nr tbkt ct rjgnmiczjs tbjh tn k ojssjr jxtjit.
VKPT CCC
Krtcgoj 5
;. Tb
Tbjj Wtk
Wtktjs
tjs Vkrtcjs
Vkrtcjs tn tbj prjsji
prjsjitt Gnv
Gnvji
jikit
kit rjgnm
rjgnmicz
iczjj tbj
rcmb
rcmbtt tn wn
wnra
ra,, wb
wbcg
cgbb ci
cigo
goud
udjs
js tb
tbjj rc
rcmb
mbtt ne jv
jvjr
jryn
ynij
ij tn tbtbjj
nppnrtuicty tn mkci bcs ocvcim `y wnra wbcgb bj erjjoy gbnnsjs nr
kggjpts, kid wcoo tkaj kpprnprcktj stjps tn skejmukrd tbcs rcmbt.
0. TbTbjj stj
tjps
ps tn `j tkaj
tkajii `y k Wt Wtkt
ktjj VkVkrt
rtyy tn tbj prjsj
prjsjit
it
Gnvjikit tn kgbcjvj tbj euoo rjkoczktcni ne tbcs rcmbt sbkoo cigoudj
tjgb
tjgbic
icgk
gkoo ki
kidd vn vngk
gktc
tcni
niko
ko mumucd
cdki
kigj
gj ki kidd tr trkc
kcic
icim
im pr prnm
nmrk
rkhh
hhjsjs,,
pnocgcjs kid tjgbicquj
tjgbicqujss tn kgbcjvj stjkdy jgninh jgninhcg, cg, sngcko kid
guoturko djvjonphjit kid euoo kid prndugtcvj jhponyhjit uidjr
gnid
gn idct
ctcn
cnis
is sk skej
ejmu
mukr
krdc
dcim
im eueuid
idkh
khji
jitk
tkoo pnpnococtc
tcgk
gkoo kikidd jg
jgni
ninh
nhcg
cg
erjjdnhs tn tbj cidcvcduko.
CITJPIKTCNIKO GNUJIKIT NI JGNINHCG, 2:
Krtcgoj =
Tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs tn tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit rjgnmiczj tbj rcmbt ne

jvjrynij tn tbj jilnyhjit ne lust kid ekvnurkòj gnidctcnis ne wnra wbcgb
jisurj, ci pkrtcguokr<
(k) Pjhuijr
Pjhuijrktcni
ktcni wbcgb prnvcdjs koo wnrajrs,
wnrajrs, ks k hcichuh,
wctb<
(c) Ek
(c) Ekcr
cr wkm
wkmjs
js kid
kid jqu
jquko
ko rjh
rjhui
uijr
jrkt
ktcn
cnii enr
enr wnra
wnra ne
ne jquk
jqukoo vkou
vkoujj
wctbnut dcstcigtcni ne kiy acid, ci pkrtcguokr wnhji `jcim mukrkitjjd
gnidctcnis ne wnra int ciejrcnr tn tbnsj jilnyjd `y hji, wctb jquko
pky enr jquko
jquko wnra1
(cc) K djgjit ocvcim enr tbjhsjovjs kid tbjcr ekhcocj
cjss ci
kggnrdkigj wctb tbj prnvcscnis ne tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit1
(`)Wkej
(`) Wkej kid bjkotby wnracim gnidctcnis1
gnidctcnis1
jhpon (g)
(g
ony
yh) Jq
Jquko
jiuko
t tnnp
nppnr
kpnrtui
i tuicty
ctyrnp
kpp
ppr enr
en
npr r tjjv
rck
cktj jvjr
jryni
bynij
jr tnoj
cmbj
cmbjr ojvv`j
jo, prn
prnhn
suhntjd
`ljjtjd
`l ci bc
gt tn bcs
ins
gniscdjrktcnis ntbjr tbki tbnsj ne sjicnrcty kid gnhpjtjigj1
(d)Pjst, ojcsurj kid rjksnikòj ochctktcni ne wnracim bnurs
kid pjrcndcg bnocdkys wctb pky, ks wjoo ks rjhuijrktcni enr puòcg
bnocdkys
Krtcgoj 2
;. Tb
Tbjj Wtk
Wtktjs
tjs Vkrtcjs
Vkrtcjs tn tb
tbjj prj
prjsj
sjit
it Gn
Gnvj
vjik
ikit
it uidjrtk
uidjrtkaj
aj tn
jisurj<
(k) Tb
(k) Tbjj rcmbt
rcmbt ne jvj
jvjry
ryni
nijj tn enrh
enrh trkdj
trkdj uic
uicni
niss kid
kid lnci
lnci tbj
trkdj uicni ne bcs gbncgj, su`ljgt nioy tn tbj ruojs ne tbj nrmkiczktcni
gnigjrijd, enr tbj prnhntcni kid prntjgtcni ne bcs jgninhcg kid sngcko
citjrjsts. In rjstrcgtcnis hky `j pokgjd ni tbj jxjrgcsj ne tbcs rcmbt
ntbjr tbki tbnsj prjsgrc`jd `y okw kid wbcgb krj ijgjsskry ci k
djhngrktcg sngcjty ci tbj citjrjsts ne iktcniko sjgurcty nr puòcg nrdjr
nr enr tbj prntjgtcni ne tbj rcmbts kid erjjdnhs ne ntbjrs1
(`) Tb
(`) Tbjj rcmbt
rcmbt ne trkdj
trkdj uicn
uicnis
is tn jstk
jstkò
òcs
csbb iktcn
iktcnik
ikoo ejdjr
ejdjrkt
ktcn
cnis
is
nr gniejdjrktcnis kid tbj rcmbt ne tbj okttjr tn enrh nr lnci citjriktcniko
trkdj-uicni nrmkiczktcnis1
(g) Tb
(g) Tbjj rcmbt
rcmbt ne trkd
trkdjj uicni
uicniss tn euig
euigtc
tcni
ni erjj
erjjoy
oy su`
su`lj
ljgt
gt tn in
ochctktcnis ntbjr tbki tbnsj prjsgrc`jd `y okw kid wbcgb krj ijgjssk
ijgjsskry
ry
ci k djhngrktcg sngcjty ci tbj citjrjsts ne iktcniko sjgurcty nr puòcg
nrdjr nr enr tbj prntjgtcni ne tbj rcmbts kid erjjdnhs ne ntbjrs1
(d) Tbj rcmbt tn strcaj, prnvcdjd tbkt ct cs jxjrgcsjd ci

gnienrhcty wctb tbj okws ne tbj pkrtcguokr gnuitry.
0. Tb
Tbcs
cs kr
krtc
tcgo
gojj sb
sbko
kooo in
intt pr
prjv
jvji
jitt tb
tbjj ch
chpn
pnsc
sctc
tcni
ni ne okokwe
weuo
uo
rjstrcgtcnis ni tbj jxjrgcsj ne tbjsj rcmbts `y hjh`jrs ne tbj krhjd
enrgjs nr ne tbj pnocgj nr ne tbj kdhcicstrktcni ne tbj Wtktj.
7. Intb
Intbcim
cim ci tbcs krtcgoj
krtcgoj sbkoo
sbkoo kutbnrcz
kutbnrczjj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs
Vkrtcjs tn tbj
Citjriktcniko Ok`nur Nrmkicsktcni Gnivjitcni ne ;342 gnigjricim
Erjjdnh ne Kssngcktcni kid Vrntjgtcni ne tbj Pcmbt tn Nrmkiczj tn
tkaj ojmcsoktcvj hjksurjs wbcgb wnuod prjludcgj, nr kppoy tbj okw
ci sugb k hkiijr ks wnuod prjludcgj, tbj mukrkitjjs prnvcdjd enr ci
tbkt Gnivjitcni.
Krtcgoj 3
Tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs tn tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit rjgnmiczj tbj rcmbt ne

jvjrynij tn sngcko sjgurcty, cigoudcim sngcko cisurkigj.
Krtcgoj ;6
Tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs tn tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit rjgnmiczj

rjgnmiczj tbkt<
;. Tb
Tbjj wcd
wcdjs
jstt pns
pnssc`
scòj
oj prn
prntjg
tjgtcn
tcnii kid ksscstk
ksscstkig
igjj sb
sbnuo
nuodd `j
kggnrdjd tn tbj ekhcoy, wbcgb cs tbj ikturko kid euidkhjitko mrnup
uict ne sngcjty, pkrtcguokroy enr cts jstkòcsbhjit kid wbcoj ct cs
rjspn
rjspnisc
iscòj
òj enr tbj gk gkrj
rj ki
kidd jd
jdug
ugktc
ktcni
ni ne dj
djpj
pjid
idji
jitt gb
gbcod
codrj
rji.
i.
Hkrrckmj hust `j jitjrjd citn wctb tbj erjj gnisjit ne tbj citjidcim
spnusjs.
0. Wpj
Wpjgcko
gcko prntjgtc
prntjgtcni
ni sbnuod
sbnuod `j kggnrdj
kggnrdjdd tn hntbjrs
hntbjrs durcim k
rjksnikòj
wnrac
wn racim
im hnpjrcnd
hntbj
tbjrs `jenrj
rs sbn uod kid
sbnuod ketjr
`j kg
kggn gbcod`crtb.
gnrdj
rdjd
d pk
pkcd Durcim
cd ojk vj nr sugb
ojkvj vjpjrcnd
ojkvj
ojk wctbb
wct
kdjquktj sngcko sjgurcty `jijects.
7. Wp
Wpjg
jgcko
cko hjksurj
hjksurjss ne pr
prntj
ntjgtc
gtcni
ni kid kss
ksscst
cstki
kigj
gj sbnuod
sbnuod `j
tkaji ni `jbkoe ne koo gbcodrji kid ynuim pjrsnis wctbnut kiy
dcsg
dcsgrc
rchc
hcik
iktc
tcni
ni enenrr rj
rjks
ksni
niss ne pk
pkrj
rjit
itkm
kmjj nr nt
ntbj
bjrr gn
gnid
idct
ctcn
cnis
is..
Gbcodrji kid ynuim pjrsnis sbnuod `j prntjgtjd ernh jgninhcg kid
sngcko jxponctktcni. Tbjcr jhponyhjit ci wnra bkrheuo tn tbjcr
hnrkos nr bjkotb nr dkimjrnus tn ocej nr ocajoy tn bkhpjr tbjcr
inrhko djvjonphjit sbnuod `j puicsbkòj `y okw. Wtktjs sbnuod
kosn sjt kmj ochcts `jonw wbcgb tbj pkcd jhponyhjit ne gbcod ok`nur
sbnuod `j prnbc`ctjd kid puicsbkòj `y okw.
CITJPIKTCNIKO GNUJIKIT NI JGNINHCG, 2=
Krtcgoj ;;
;. Tb
Tbjj Wtk
Wtktjs
tjs Vkrtcjs
Vkrtcjs tn tbj prjsj
prjsjit
it Gnvjik
Gnvjikit
it rjgnmic
rjgnmiczj
zj tbj
rcmbt ne jvjrynij tn ki kdjquktj stkidkrd ne ocvcim enr bchsjoe kid
bcs ekhcoy, cigoudcim kdjquktj ennd, gontbcim kid bnuscim, kid tn
tbj gnitciunus chprnvjhjit
chprnvjhjit ne ocvcim gnidctcnis. Tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs
wcoo tkaj kpprnprcktj stjps tn jisurj tbj rjkoczktcni ne tbcs rcmbt,
rjgnmiczcim tn tbcs jeejgt tbj jssjitcko chpnrtkigj ne citjriktcniko
gn-npjrktcni `ksjd ni erjj gnisjit.
0. Tbj Wtktjs
Wtktjs Vkrtcjs
prjsjit Gnvjiki
Gnvjikit,t, rjgnmiczci
rjgnmiczcimm tbj
euidkhjitko rcmbt ne jvjrynij tn `j erjj ernh buimjr, sbkoo tkaj,
cidcvcdukooy kid tbrnumb citjriktcniko gn-npjrktcni, tbj hjksurjs,
cigoudcim spjgcecg prnmrkhhjs, wbcgb krj ijjdjd<
(k) Tn chp hprrnv
nvjj hj
hjtbtbnnds ne prn
rnddug
ugtc
tcnni, gnisj sjrrvktc
tcnni kid
dcstrcùtcni ne ennd `y hkacim euoo usj ne tjgbicgko kid sgcjitcecg
ainwojdmj, `y dcssjhciktcim ainwojdmj ne tbj prcigcpojs ne iutrctcni
kid `y djvjonpcim nr rjenrhcim kmrkrcki systjhs ci sugb k wky ks tn
kgbcj
kgbcjvj
vj tbj hn
hnstst je
jeecg
ecgcji
cjitt dj
djvjvjonp
onphji
hjitt ki
kidd utcutcocz
oczktc
ktcni
ni ne ik iktur
turko
ko
rjsnurgjs1
(`) Tk
(`) Tkac
acim
im citn
citn kggn
kggnui
uitt tbj prn`
prnòj
ojhs
hs ne `ntb
`ntb ennd
enndch
chpn
pnrt
rtci
cimm
kid ennd-jxpnrtcim gnuitrcjs, tn jisurj ki jquctkòj dcstrcùtcni ne
wnrod ennd suppocjs ci rjoktcni tn ijjd.
Krtcgoj ;0
;. Tb
Tbjj Wtk
Wtktjs
tjs Vkrtcjs
prjsjit
it Gnvjik
Gnvjikit
it rjgnmic
rjgnmiczj
zj tbj
rcmbt ne jvjrynij tn tbj jilnyhjit ne tbj bcmbjst kttkcikòj stkidkrd
ne pbyscgko kid hjitko bjkotb.
0. Tb
Tbjj stjps tn `j tkaji
tkaji `y tb
tbjj Wtktjs
Wtktjs Vkrtcjs
prjsjitt
tbnsj ijgjsskry enr<
(k) Tb
(k) Tbjj prnvc
prnvcsc
scni
ni enr
enr tbj rjd
rjdug
ugtcn
tcnii ne tbj
tbj stcoo`
stcoo`cr
crtb
tb-r
-rkt
ktjj kid ne
ne
ciekit hnrtkocty kid enr tbj bjkotby djvjonphjit ne tbj gbcod1
(`) Tbj chpr prnnvjhj
hjiit ne koo ksp
spjjgts ne jivcr
crnnihj
hjiitk
tkoo kid
cidustrcko bymcjij1
(g) Tbj prjvjitcni, trjkthjit kid gnitrno ne jpcdjhcg,
jidjhcg, nggupktcniko kid ntbjr dcsjksjs1
(d)sjrvcgj
hjdcgko Tbj kid
grjkhjdcgko
tcni nekttjitcni
gnidctcnci
istbj
wbjvjit
cgb wnenuscgaijss.
od kssurj tn koo
Krtcgoj ;7
;. Tb
Tbjj Wtk
Wtktjs
tjs Vkrtcjs
prjsjitt Gnv
Gnvji
jikit
kit rjgnm
rjgnmicz
iczjj tbj
rcmbt ne jvjrynij tn jdugktcni. Tbjy kmrjj tbkt jdugktcni sbkoo `j
dcrjgtjd tn tbj euoo djvjonphjit ne tbj buhki pjrsnikocty kid tbj
sjisj ne cts dcmicty, kid sbkoo strjimtbji tbj rjspjgt enr buhki
rcmbts kid euidkhjitko erjjdnhs. Tbjy eurtbjr kmrjj tbkt jdugktcni
sbkoo jikòj koo pjrsnis tn pkrtcgcpktj jeejgtcvjoy ci k erjj sngcjty,
prnhntj uidjrstkidcim, tnojrkig
tnojrkigjj kid ercjidsbcp khnim koo iktcnis
kid koo rkgcko, jtbicg nr rjocmcnus mrnups, kid eurtbjr tbj kgtcvctcjs ne
tbj Zictjd Iktcnis enr tbj hkcitjikigj ne pjkgj.
0. Tbj Wtktjs
Wtktjs Vkrtcjs
prjsjit Gnvjikit
Gnvjikit rjgnmi
rjgnmiczj
czj tbkt,
wctb k vcjw tn kgbcjvcim tbj euoo rjkoczktcni ne tbcs rcmbt<
(k) Vr
(k) Vrchk
chkry
ry jdu
jdugk
gktcn
tcnii sbk
sbkoo
oo `j gn
gnhp
hpuos
uosnry
nry ki
kidd kvk
kvkcok
cokòj
òj
erjj tn koo1
(`) kid
tjgbicgko Wjg
Wj gnidkry jsjgnidkry
vngktcniko dugktc
tcni
ni cjdugktcni,
i ct
ctss dce
ceej
ejr
rjit `jen
sbkoo enrh
rhs,
s, mjijrkooy
hkdj ciggou
ci ouddci
cimm
kvkcokòj kid kggjsscòj tn koo `y jvjry kpprnprcktj hjkis, kid ci
pkrtcguokr `y tbj
tbj prnmrjsscvj
prnmrjsscvj citrndugtcni
citrndugtcni ne erjj jdugktcni1
jdugktcni1
(g) Bc
(g) Bcmb
mbjr
jr jdu
jdugk
gktcn
tcnii sbko
sbkooo `j hkdj
hkdj jqu
jquko
kooy
oy kgg
kggjs
jssc
scò
òjj tn koo,
koo,
ni tbj `kscs ne gkpkgcty, `y jvjry kpprnprcktj hjkis, kid ci pkrtcguokr
`y tbj prnmrjsscvj
prnmrjsscvj citrndugtcni
citrndugtcni ne erjj
erjj jdugktcni1
(d) Eu
(d) Euid
idkh
khjijitk
tkoo jd
jdug
ugkt
ktcn
cnii sb
sbko
kooo `j jign
jignur
urkm
kmjd
jd nr citjis
citjisce
cecj
cjdd
ks ek
ekrr ks pn
pnss
ssc`
còj
oj en
enrr tb
tbns
nsjj pj
pjrs
rsni
niss wb
wbnn bk
bkvj
vj in
intt rj
rjgj
gjcv
cvjjd nr
gnhpojtjd tbj wbnoj pjrcnd ne tbjcr prchkry jdugktcni1
(j) Tb
(j) Tbjj djvj
djvjon
onph
phji
jitt ne k sys
systj
tjh
h ne sgb
sgbnn
nnos
os kt
kt koo
koo ojvj
ojvjos
os sbko
sbkooo
`j kgtcvjoy pursujd, ki kdjquktj ejoonwsbcp systjh sbkoo `j
jstkòcsbjd, kid tbj hktjrcko gnidctcnis ne tjkgbcim stkee sbkoo `j
gnitciunusoy chprnvjd.
7. Tb
Tbjj Wtk
Wtktjs
tjs Vkrtcj
prjsjitt Gnv
Gnvji
jiki
kitt ui
uidj
djrtk
rtkaj
aj tn
bkvj rjspjgt enr tbj oc`jrty ne pkrjits kid, wbji kppocgkòj, ojmko
mukrdckis tn gbnnsj enr tbjcr gbcodrji sgbnnos, ntbjr tbki tbnsj
jstk
jstkò
òcs
csbj
bjdd `y tb
tbjj pu
può
òcg
cg kukutb
tbnr
nrctc
ctcjs
js,, wb
wbcg
cgbb gn
gnie
ienr
nrh
h tn susugb
gb
hcichuh jdugktcniko stkidkrds ks hky `j okcd dnwi nr kpprnvjd
`y tbj Wtktj kid tn jisurj tbj rjocmcnus kid hnrko jdugktcni
jdugktcni ne tbjcr
gbcodrji ci gnienrhcty wctb tbjcr nwi gnivcgtcnis.
4. In pkrt
pkrt ne tbcs krtcgoj
krtcgoj sbkoo
sbkoo `j gnistru
gnistrujd
jd sn ks tn citjre
citjrejrj
jrj
wctb tbj oc`jrty ne cidcvcdukos kid `ndcjs tn jstkòcsb kid dcrjgt
jdugktcniko cistctutcnis, su`ljgt kowkys tn tbj n`sjrvkigj ne tbj
prcigcpojs sjt enrtb ci pkrkmrk

pkrkmrkpb
pb C ne tbcs krtcgoj kid tn tbj
rjquc
rjqucrj
rjhj
hjit
it tbk
tbktt tbj jd
jdug
ugktc
ktcni
ni mcv
mcvji
ji ci sug
sugbb cis
cistctu
tctutcn
tcnis
is sbk
sbkoo
oo
gnienrh tn sugb hcichuh stkidkrds ks hky `j okcd dnwi `y tbj
Wtktj.
Krtcgoj ;4
Jkgb Wt
Jkgb Wtkt
ktjj Vk
Vkrt
rtyy tn tb
tbjj pr
prjs
jsji
jitt Gn
Gnvj
vjik
ikit
it wb
wbcg
cgb,
b, kt tb
tbjj tc
tchj
hj ne
`jgnhcim k Vkrty, bks int `jji kòj tn sjgurj ci cts hjtrnpnoctki tjrrctnry nr
ntbjr tjrrctnrcjs uidjr cts lurcsdcgtcni gnhpuosnry prchkry jdugktcni, erjj ne
gbkrmj, uidjrtkajs, wctbci twn yjkrs, tn wnra nut kid kdnpt k djtkcojd poki
ne kgtcni enr tbj prnmrjsscvj chpojhjitktcni, wctbci k rjksnikòj iuh`jr ne
yjkrs, tn `j ecxjd ci tbj poki, ne tbj prcigcpoj ne gnhpuosnry jdugktcni erjj
ne gbkrmj enr koo.
Krtcgoj ;:
;. Tb
Tbjj Wtk
Wtktjs
tjs Vkrtcjs
prjsjit
it Gnvjik
Gnvjikit
it rjgnmic
rjgnmiczj
zj tbj
rcmbt ne jvjrynij<
(k) Tn tk
tkaj pk
pkrt ci
ci gu
guot
otur
urkko oce
ocejj1
(`) Tn jilny tbj `jijects ne sgcjitcecg prnmrjss kid cts
kppocgktcnis1
(g) Tn `jij
(g) `jijec
ectt er
ernh
nh tbj
tbj prntj
prntjgt
gtcn
cnii ne tbj hnrk
hnrkoo ki
kidd hktj
hktjrc
rcko
ko
citjrjsts rjsuotcim ernh kiy sgcjitcecg, octjrkry nr krtcstcg prndugtcni ne
wbcgb bj cs tbj kutbnr.
0. Tb
Tbjj stjps tn `j tkaji
tkaji `y tbtbjj Wtktjs
Wtktjs Vkrtcjs
prjsjitt
tbnsj
tbn sj ij
ijgj
gjssk
sskry
ry enr tbj gni
gnisj
sjrvk
rvktcn
tcni,
i, tb
tbjj dj
djvj
vjonp
onphji
hjitt ki
kidd tbj
dceeuscni ne sgcjigj kid guoturj.
7. Tb
Tbjj Wtk
Wtktjs
tjs Vkrtcjs
Vkrtcjs tn tb
tbjj prj
prjsj
sjit
it Gn
Gnvj
vjik
ikit
it uidjrtk
uidjrtkaj
aj tn
rjsp
rjspjg
jgtt tb
tbjj er
erjj
jjdn
dnhh ci
cidc
dcsp
spji
jisk
skò
òjj en
enrr sg
sgcj
cjit
itce
cecg
cg rj
rjsj
sjkr
krgb
gb ki
kidd
grjktcvj kgtcvcty.
4. Tb
Tbjj Wtk
Wtktjs
tjs Vkrtcjs
prjsjit
it Gnvjik
Gnvjikit
it rjgnmic
rjgnmiczj
zj tbj
`jijects tn `j djrcvjd ernh tbj jignurk
jignurkmjhjit
mjhjit kid djvjonph
djvjonphjitjit ne
citjriktcniko gnitkgts kid gn-npjrktcni ci tbj sgcjitcecg kid guoturko
ecjods.
VKPT CU
Krtcgoj ;5
;. Tbj Wtktjs
Wtktjs Vkrtcjs tn tbj prjsjit
prjsjit Gnvjiki
Gnvjikitt uidjrtkaj
uidjrtkaj tn su`hct ci
gnienrhcty wctb tbcs pkrt ne tbj Gnvjikit rjpnrts ni tbj hjksurjs wbcgb tbjy
bkvj kdnptjd kid tbj prnmrjss hkdj ci kgbcjvcim tbj n`sjrvkigj ne tbj rcmbts
rjgnmiczjd bjrjci.
0.
(k) Ko
(k) Kooo rjpn
rjpnrt
rtss sbkoo
sbkoo `j su`
su`hc
hctt
ttjd
jd tn tbj
tbj Wjgr
Wjgrjt
jtkr
kryM
yMji
jijr
jrko
ko ne
tbj Zictjd Iktcnis, wbn sbkoo trkishct gnpcjs tn tbj Jgninhcg kid
Wngcko Gnuigco enr gniscdjrktcni ci kggnrdkigj wctb tbj prnvcscnis ne
tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit1
(`) Tb
(`) Tbjj Wj
Wjgr
grjt
jtkr
kry-
y-Mj
Mjij
ijrk
rkoo ne tbj Zict
Zictjd
jd Iktc
Iktcni
niss sb
sbko
kooo ko
kosn
sn
trkish
trkishct
ct tn tbj spj
spjgck
gckocz
oczjd
jd km
kmji
jigcj
gcjss gnp
gnpcjs
cjs ne tbj rj
rjpnr
pnrts,
ts, nr ki
kiyy
rjojvkit pkrts tbjrjernh, ernh Wtktjs Vkrtcjs tn tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit
wbcgb krj kosn hjh`jrs ne tbjsj spjgckoczjd
spjgckoczjd kmjigcjs ci sn ekr ks tbjsj
rjpnrts,
rjsp
rjspni
nisc nroctc
sc`c pkrts
`coc js tbjrjernh,
tcjs ne tb
tbjj sk rjoktj
skcd
cd km tn
kmji kiy
jigc js hkttjrs
gcjs ci kg wbcgb
kggn
gnrd
rdki ekoo wc
kigj
gj wctbci
wctb
tb tbtbj
tbjc
jcrr
gnistctutcnikoo cistruhji
gnistctutcnik cistruhjits.
ts.
Krtcgoj ;=
;. Tb
Tbjj Wtk
Wtktjs
tjs Vkrtcj
prjsjitt Gnv
Gnvji
jiki
kitt sbk
sbkoo
oo euricsb
euricsb
tbjcr rjpnrts ci stkmjs, ci kggnrdkigj wctb k prnmrkhhj tn `j
jstkòcsbjd `y tbj Jgninhcg kid Wngcko Gnuigco wctbci nij yjkr ne
tbj jitry citn enrgj ne tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit ketjr gnisuotktcni wctb
tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs kid tbj spjgckoczjd kmjigcjs gnigjrijd.
0. Pjpn
Pjpnrts
rts hky cidcgktj
cidcgktj ekgtnrs
ekgtnrs kid dceecgu
dceecguotcjs
otcjs keejgtci
keejgtcimm tbj
djmrjj ne euoecoohjit ne nòcmktcnis uidjr tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit.
7. ]bj
]bjrj
rj rjojvkit
rjojvkit cienrhktcn
cienrhktcnii bks prjvcnusoy
prjvcnusoy `jji
`jji euricsbjd
euricsbjd
tn tbj Zictjd Iktcnis nr tn kiy spjgckoczjd kmjigy `y kiy Wtktj
Vkrty tn tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit, ct wcoo int `j ijgjsskry tn rjprndugj
tbktt ci
tbk cienr
enrhk
hktcn
tcni,
i, ùt k prj
prjgcs
gcsjj rj
rjejr
ejrji
jigj
gj tn tbj cie
cienrh
nrhktc
ktcni
ni sn
euricsbjd wcoo sueecgj.
Krtcgoj ;2
Vursukit tn cts rjspnisc`coctcjs uidjr tbj Gbkrtjr ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis

ci tbj ecjod ne buhki rcmbts kid euidkhjitko erjjdnhs, tbj Jgninhcg kid
Wngcko Gnuigco hky hkaj krrkimjhjits wctb tbj spjgckoczjd kmjigcjs ci
rj
rjsp
spjg
jgtt igj
n`sjrvkigj
n`sjrvk ne ne
tbjc
tb jcr
r rj
tbj rjpn
pnrt
rtci
cimm tnne cttbjni
prnvcscnis tbjj pr
tb
prjsjit prnm
nmrj
rjss
ss hk
Gnvjikit hkdj
dj ciwctbci
ekoocim kgbc
kgbcjv
jvci
cimmsgnpj
tbj tbjj
tb
CITJPIKTCNIKO GNUJIKIT NI JGNINHCG, 3;
ne tbjcr kgtcvctcjs. Tbjsj rjpnrts hky cigoudj pkrtcguokrs ne djgcscnis kid

rjgn
rjgnhhj
hhjid idktc
ktcni
niss ni sug
sugbb chp
chpojh
ojhji
jitkt
tktcni
cni kd
kdnp
nptjd
tjd `y tbjtbjcr
cr gn
gnhp
hpjtj
jtjit
it
nrmkis.
Krtcgoj ;3
Tbj Jgninhcg kid Wngcko Gnuigco hky trkishct tn tbj Gnhhcsscni ni
Buhki Pcmbts enr study kid mjijrko rjgnhhjidktcni nr, ks kpprnprcktj, enr
cienrhktcni tbj rjpnrts gnigjricim buhki rcmbts su`hcttjd `y Wtktjs ci
kggnrdkigj wctb krtcgojs ;5 kid ;=, kid tbnsj gnigjricim buhki rcmbts
su`hcttjd `y tbj spjgckoczjd kmjigcjs ci kggnrdkigj wctb krtcgoj ;2.
Krtcgoj 06
Tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs tn tbj prjsjit Gnvjiki

Gnvjikitt kid tbj spjgckoczjd kmjigcjs
gnigjrijd hky su`hct gnhhjits tn tbj Jgninhcg kid Wngcko Gnuigco ni kiy
mjij
mjijrko
rko rjg
rjgnh
nhhj
hjidk
idktcn
tcnii ui
uidj
djrr krt
krtcgo
cgojj ;3 nr rje
rjejrj
jrjigj
igj tn sug
sugbb mj
mjijr
ijrko
ko
rjgnhhjidktcni ci kiytnrjpnrt
dnguhjitktcni rjejrrjd ne tbj Gnhhcsscni ni Buhki Pcmbts nr kiy
tbjrjci.
Krtcgoj 0;
Tbj Jgninhcg kid Wngcko Gnuigco hky su`hct ernh tchj tn tchj tn tbj
Mjijrko Kssjhòy rjpnrts wctb rjgnhhjidktcnis ne k mjijrko ikturj kid k
suhhkry ne tbj cienrhktcni rjgjcvjd ernh tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs tn tbj prjsjit
Gnvj
Gn vjik
ikit
it ki
kidd tbj spj
spjgck
gckocz
oczjd
jd km
kmji
jigcj
gcjss ni tbj hj
hjksu
ksurj
rjss tka
tkaji
ji ki
kidd tb
tbjj
prnmrjss hkdj ci kgbcjvcim mjijrko n`sjrvk
n`sjrvkigj
igj ne tbj rcmbts rjgnmicz
rjgnmiczjd
jd ci
tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit.
Krtcgoj 00
Tbj Jgninhcg kid Wngcko Gnuigco hky `rcim tn tbj kttjitcni ne ntbjr
nrmk
nrmkis
is ne tbtbjj Zi
Zict
ctjd
jd Ik
Iktc
tcni
nis,
s, tb
tbjc
jcrr su
su`s
`scd
cdck
ckry
ry nr
nrmk
mkis
is ki
kidd sp
spjg
jgck
ckocz
oczjd
jd
kmjigcjs gnigjrijd wctb euricsbcim tjgbicgko ksscstkigj kiy hkttjrs krcscim
nut ne tbj rjpnrts rjejrrjd tn ci tbcs pkrt ne tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit wbcgb hky
ksscst sugb `ndcjs ci djgcdcim, jkgb wctbci cts ecjod ne gnhpjtjigj, ni tbj
kdvcsk`cocty ne citjriktcniko hjksurjs ocajoy tn gnitrcùtj tn tbj jeejgtcvj
prnmrjsscvjj chpojhjitktcni
prnmrjsscv chpojhjitktcni ne tbj prjsjit
prjsjit Gnvjikit.
Gnvjikit.
Krtcgoj 07
Tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs tn tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit kmrjj tbkt citjriktcniko

kgtcni enr tbj kgbcjvjhjit ne tbj rcmbts rjgnmiczjd ci tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit
cigoudjs sugb hjtbnds
rjgnhhjidktcnis, ks tbj gnigouscni
tbj euricsbcim ne gnivjitcnis,
ne tjgbicgko ksscstkigj kidtbj
tbjkdnptcni ne
bnodcim ne
rjmcniko hjjtcims kid tjgbicgko hjjtcims enr tbj purpnsj ne gnisuotktcn

gnisuotktcnii kid
study nrmkiczjd ci gniluigtcni wctb tbj Mnvjrihjits gnigjrijd.
Krtcgoj 04

prnvcscnis ne tbj Gbkrtjr ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis kid ne tbj gnistctutcni
gnistctutcniss ne
tbj spjgckoczjd kmjigcjs wbcgb djecij tbj rjspjgtcvj rjspnisc`coctcjs ne tbj
vkrcnus nrmkis ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis kid ne tbj spjgckoczjd kmjigcjs ci
rjmkrd tn tbj hkttjrs djkot wctb ci tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit.
Krtcgoj 0:

cibjrjit rcmbt ne koo pjnpojs tn jilny kid utcoczj euooy kid erjjoy tbjcr ikturko
wjkotb kid rjsnurgjs.
VKPT U
Krtcgoj 05
;. Tb
Tbjj prjsji
prjsjitt Gnv
Gnvji
jikit
kit cs npji enr scmik
scmiktur
turjj `y kiy Wtktj
Wtktj
Hjh`jr ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis nr hjh`jr ne kiy ne cts spjgckoczjd
kmjigcjs,
kmjigcj s, `y kiy Wtktj Vkrty tn tbj Wtktutj ne tbj Citjriktcniko Gnurt
ne Lustcgj, kid `y kiy ntbjr Wtktj wbcgb bks `jji civctjd `y tbj
Mjijrko Kssjhòy ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis tn `jgnhj k pkrty tn tbj
prjsjit Gnvjikit.
Gnvjikit.
0. Tbj prjsjit
prjsjit Gnvjik
Gnvjikit
it cs su`ljgt
su`ljgt tn rktcecgktcni
rktcecgktcni.. Cistruhjits
Cistruhjits
ne rktcecgktcni sbkoo `j djpnsctjd wctb tbj Wjgrjtkry-Mjijrko ne tbj
Zictjd Iktcnis.
7. Tb
Tbjj prjsji
prjsjitt Gnv
Gnvjik
jikit
it sbkoo
sbkoo `j npnpji
ji tn kggjssc
kggjsscni
ni `y kiy
Wtktj rjejrrjd tn ci pkrkmrkpb ; ne tbcs krtcgoj.
4. Kgg
Kggjssc
jsscni
ni sbkoo
sbkoo `j jeejgtjd
jeejgtjd `y tbj djpnsc
djpnsctt ne ki cistruhjit
cistruhjit
ne kggjsscni wctb tbj Wjgrjtkry-Mjijrko ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis.
:. Tbj Wjgrjtk
Wjgrjtkry-Mj
ry-Mjijrk
Iktcnis sbkoo
sbkoo cienrh
cienrh
koo Wtktjs wbcgb bkvj scmijd tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit nr kggjdjd tn ct
ne tbj djpnsct ne jkgb cistruhjit ne rktcecgktcni nr kggjsscni.
Krtcgoj 0=
ketjr ;.
tbjTb
Tbj
j prj
prjsj
dktj nesjit
it Gnvjik
tbjGnvjikit
it wctb
djpnsct sbkootbj
jitjr
jitjr citn enrgj
enrgj tb
tbrjj
rjj hnitb
Wjgrjtkry-Mjijrko hnitbss
ne tbj
Zictjdd Ik
Zictj Iktcn
tcnis
is ne tbj tbc
tbcrty
rty-ec
-ecetb
etb cis
cistru
truhji
hjitt ne rk
rktce
tcecgk
cgktcn
tcnii nr
cistruhjit ne kggjsscni.
0. Enr jkgb
jkgb Wtktj rktceyci
rktceycimm tbj prjsjit
prjsjit Gnvjik
Gnvjikit
it nr kggjdcim
kggjdcim
tn ct ketjr tbj djpnsct ne tbj tbcrty-ecetb cistruhjit ne rktcecgktcni nr
cistruhjit ne kggjsscni, tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit sbkoo jitjr citn enrgj
tbrjj hnitbs ketjr tbj dktj ne tbj djpnsct ne cts nwi cistruhjit ne
rktcecgktcni nr cistruhjit ne kggjsscni.
Krtcgoj 02
Tbj prnvcscnis ne tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit sbkoo jxtjid tn koo pkrts ne

ejdjrko Wtktjs wctbnut kiy ochctktcnis nr jxgjptcn
jxgjptcnis.
is.
Krtcgoj 03
;. Ki
Kiyy Wtk
Wtktj
tj Vkrty
Vkrty tn tbj prjsji
prjsjitt Gnv
Gnvji
jiki
kitt hk
hkyy pr
prnpn
npnsj
sj ki
khjidhjit
Iktcnis. Tbjkid ecoj ct wctb
Wjgrjtkry-Mjijrko
Wjgrjtkry-Mj tbj sbkoo
ijrko Wjgrjtkry-Mjijrko ne tbj ktj
tbjrjupni gnhhuicg
gnhhuicgktjZictjd
kiy
prnpnsjd khjidhjits
khjidhjits tn tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs tn tbj prjsjit Gnvjiki
Gnvjikitt
wct
ctbb k rjrjqqujst tb
tbkkt tb
tbjjy in
intc
tcey
ey bch wb wbjjtb
tbjjr tb
tbjjy ekvnur k
gniejrjigj ne Wtktjs Vkrtcjs enr tbj purpnsj ne gniscdjrcim kid
vntcim upni tbj prnpnskos. Ci tbj jvjit tbkt kt ojkst nij tbcrd ne tbj
Wtktjss Vkrtc
Wtktj Vkrtcjs
js ekvn
ekvnurs
urs sugb k gni gniejrj
ejrjigj,
igj, tbj Wjgr
Wjgrjtkr
jtkry-Mji
y-Mjijrk
jrkoo
sbkoo
sbk oo gn
gnivj
ivjijij tbj gn
gniej
iejrj
rjigj
igj ui
uidj
djrr tb
tbjj ku
kusp
spcgj
cgjss ne tbj Zi
Zictj
ctjdd
Iktcnis. Kiy khjidhj
khjidhjit it kdnptjd `y k hklnrcty ne tbj Wtktjs
Vkrtcjs prjsjit kid vntcim kt tbj gniejrjigj sbkoo `j su`hcttjd tn
tbj Mjijrko Kssjhòy ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis enr kpprnvko.
0. Kh
Khji
jidhj
dhjits
its sbkoo
sbkoo gnhj citn enrgj
enrgj wbji tbjy
tbjy bk
bkvj
vj `jji
kpprnvjd `y tbj Mjijrko Kssjhòy ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis kid
kggjptjd `y k twn-tbcrds hklnrcty ne tbj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs tn
t n tbj prjsjit
Gnvj
Gn vjik
ikit
it ci kgkggn
gnrd
rdki
kigj
gj wc
wctb
tb tb
tbjc
jcrr rj
rjsp
spjg
jgtc
tcvj
vj gngnisistc
tctu
tutc
tcni
niko
ko
prngjssjs.
prngjssjs.
7. ]b
]bjiji khjidh
khjidhjit
jitss gn
gnhj
hj citn enrgj
enrgj tbjy sbkoo
sbkoo `j `c
`cidc
idcim
im
ni tbnsj Wtktjs Vkrtcjs wbcgb bkvj kggjptjd tbjh, ntbjr Wtktjs
Vkrtcjs stcoo `jcim `nuid `y tbj prnvcscnis ne tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit
kid kiy jkrocjr khjidhjit wbcgb tbjy bkvj kggjptjd.
Krtcgoj 76
Crrjspjgtcvj ne tbj intcecgktcnis hkdj uidjr krtcgoj 05, pkrkmrkpb :, tbj

Crrjspjgtcvj
Wjgrjtkry-Mjijrko ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis sbkoo cienrh koo Wtktjs rjejrrjd tn ci
pkrkmrkpb
pkrkmrkpb C ne tbj skhj krtcgoj
krtcgoj ne tbj enoonwcim
enoonwcim pkrtcguokrs<
pkrtcguokrs<
(k) Wcm
cmik
iktu
turrjs, rktc
tceecg
cgkktc
tcnnis kid kggjssc
scnnis uid
idjjr
krtcgoj 051
(`) Tbj dk
dktj ne
ne tb
tbj ji
jitry ci
citn en
enrgj ne
ne tbj
tbj pr
prjsjit Gn
Gnvjikit
uidjr krtcgoj 0= kid tbj dktj ne tbj jitry citn enrgj ne kiy khjidhjits
uidjr krtcgoj 03.
Krtcgoj 7;
;. Tb
Tbjj pr
prjs
jsji
jitt Gn
Gnvj
vjik
ikit
it,, ne wb
wbcg
cgbb tb
tbjj Gb
Gbci
cijs
jsj,
j, Ji
Jimo
mocs
csb,
b,
Erjigb, Pusscki kid Wpkicsb tjxts krj jqukooy kutbjitcg, sbkoo `j
djpnsctjd ci tbj krgbcvjs ne tbj Zictjd Iktcnis.
0. Tbj Wjgrjtk
Wjgrjtkry-Mj
ry-Mjijrk
Iktcnis sbkoo
sbkoo trkishct
trkishct
gjrtcecjd gnpcjs ne tbj prjsjit Gnvjikit tn koo Wtktjs rjejrrjd tn ci
krtcgoj 05.
3:
GNHVPJBJIWCUJ KMPJJHJIT
GNHVPJBJIWCUJ
NI PJWVJGT ENP BZHKI PCMBTW KID
CITJPIKTCNIKO BZHKICTKPCKI OK]
@JT]JJI TBJ MNUJPIHJIT NE TBJ
PJVZ@OCG NE TBJ VBCOCVVCIJW KID TBJ
IKTCNIKO DJHNGPKTCG EPNIT NE TBJ
VBCOCVVCIJW
Hkrgb ;5, ;332
TBJ MNUJPIHJIT NE TBJ PJVZ@OCG NE TBJ
VBCOCVVCIJW, cigoudcim tbj jxjgutcvj djpkrthjit kid cts kmjigcjs,
tjr rjejrrjd tn ks tbj MPV
bjrjciketjr
bjrjcike
KID
TBJ IKTCNIKO DJHNGPKTCG EPNIT NE TBJ
VBCOCVVCIJW, cigoudcim tbj Gnhhuicst Vkrty ne tbj Vbcocppcijs
(GVV) kid tbj Ijw VjnpojÚ s Krhy (IVK), bjrjciketjr rjejrrjd tn ks tbj
IDEV
tjr rjejrrjd tn ks Ð tbj Vkrtcjs× ,
Bjrjciketjr
Bjrjcike
VPJKH@OJ
PJGNMI
PJGN MIC\
C\CI
CIMM tb tbkt
kt rj
rjsp
spjg
jgtt en
enrr bu
buhk
hkii rc
rcmb
mbts
ts ki
kidd ci
citj
tjri
rikt
ktcn
cnik
ikoo
buhkictkrcki okw cs ne grugcko chpnrtkigj kid urmjit ijgjsscty ci okycim tbj
mrnuid enr k lust kid okstcim pjkgj,
GNIWCDJPCIM tbkt k gnhprjbjiscvj kmrjjhjit ni rjspjgt enr buhki
rcmbts
rcmbts ki
kidd ci
citjr
tjrik
iktcn
tcnik
ikoo bu
buhki
hkictk
ctkrck
rckii okw sbn
sbnuod
uod tka
tkajj cit
citnn kg
kggn
gnuit
uit tbj
gurrjit buhki rcmbts sctuktcni ci tbj Vbcocppcijs kid tbj bcstnrcgko jxpjrcjigj
ne tbj Ecocpcin pjnpoj,
KEECPHCIM tbkt tbj prcigcpojs ne buhki rcmbts kid tbj prcigcpojs ne
citjriktcniko
citjriktcniko buhkictkr
buhkictkrcki
cki okw
o kw krj uicvjrskooy
33
kppocgkòj, KGAIN]OJDMCIM tbkt tbj prnonimjd krhjd gnieocgt ci tbj
Vbcocppcijs ijgjssctktjs
tbj prcigcpojs tbjikokppocgktcni
ne citjriktcn
citjriktcniko ne tbj
buhkictkrcki prcigcpojs ne buhki rcmbts kid
okw,
PJKEEC
PJKE ECPH
PHCICIMM tbtbjc
jcrr gn
gnit
itci
ciuc
ucim
im gn
gnhh
hhcthcthji
jitt tn tb
tbjj ke
kenr
nrjs
jskc
kcdd
prcigcpojs kid tbjcr kppocgktcni
kppocgktcni,, PJKOC\CIM tbj ijgjsscty kid scmicecgk
scmicecgkigj
igj
ne kssuhcim sjpkrktj dutcjs kid rjspnisc`coctcjs enr upbnodcim, prntjgtcim kid
prnhntcim tbj prcigcpojs ne buhki rcmbts kid tbj prcigcpojs ne citjrik
citjriktcniko
tcniko
buhkictkrcki okw,
buhkictkrcki
ZVBNODCIM kid gnhpoycim wctb tbj hutukooy kggjptkòj prcigcpojs
ks wjoo ks tbj gnhhni mnkos kid n`ljgtcvjs ci Tbj Bkmuj Lncit Djgokrktcni
ne Wjptjh`jr ;, ;330, tbj @rjuajoji Lncit Wtktjhjit ne Luij ;4, ;334 kid
pjrtcijit lncit
lncit kmrjjhjits
kmrjjhjits bctbjrtn scmijd,
scmijd, kid
EZOOS K]KPJ ne tbj ijjd enr jeejgtcvj hjgbkicshs kid hjksurjs
enr upbnodcim, prntjgtcim kid prnhntcim tbj prcigcpojs ne buhki rcmbts kid
tbjj pr
tb prci
cigc
gcpo
pojs
js ne ci
citj
tjri
rikt
ktcn
cnik
ikoo bu
buhk
hkic
ictk
tkrc
rcki
ki ok
okw
w ci k gn gnhp
hprj
rjbj
bjis
iscv
cvjj
kmrjjhjit,
WNOJHIOS JITJP wctbnut rjsjrvktcni citn tbcs Gnhprjbjiscvj
Kmrjjhjit ni Pjspjgt enr Buhki Pcmbts kid Citjriktcniko Buhkictkrcki
Okw.
VKPT C
DJGOKPKTCNI NE VPCIGCVOJW
Krtcgoj ;. Tbj Vkrtcjs krj mnvjrijd `y tbj erkhjwnra
erkhjwnra ne bnodcim pjkgj
ijmntcktcnis uidjr hutukooy kggjptkòj prcigcpojs ne iktcniko snvjrjcmity,
djhngrkgy kid sngcko lustcgj kid uidjr in prjgnidctcni tbkt ijmktjs tbj
gbkrkgtjr kid purpnsj ne pjkgj ijmntcktcnis, ks stcpuoktjd ci Tbj Bkmuj Lncit
Djgokrktcni (Vkrkmrkpb 4) kid rjkeecrhjd ci tbj @rjuajoji Lncit Wtktjhjit
(In. = ne CC) kid su`sjqujit kmrjjhjits.
Krtcgo
Krtcgojj 0. TbTbjj Vk
Vkrt
rtcj
cjss up
upbn
bnod
od tb
tbjj pr
prci
cigc
gcpo
pojs
js ne huhututuko
koct
ctyy ki
kidd
rjgcprngcty ci tbj gnidugt ne tbj pjkgj ijmntcktcnis ci kggnrdkigj wctb Tbj
Bkmuj Lncit Djgokrktcni. Tbj Vkrtcjs ocajwcsj keecrh tbj ijjd tn kssuhj
sjpkrktj dutcjs kid rjspnisc`coctcjs ci kggnrdkigj wctb tbj ojttjr kid citjit ne
tbcs Kmrjjhj
Kmrjjhjit.
it.
Krtcgoj 7. Tbj Vkrtcjs rjkoczj tbj ijjd enr k gnhprjbjiscvj kggnrd ni
buhki rcmbts kid citjriktcniko buhkictkrcki okw `ksjd ni rjkoctcjs civnovcim
vcnoktcnis ne buhki rcmbts kid tbj prcigcpojs ne citjriktcniko buhkictkrcki
okw.
Krtcgoj
Krtcg oj 4. Tb
Tbjj Vkr
Vkrtcj
tcjss rj
rjgn
gnmic
miczj
zj tbk
tbktt eui
euidk
dkhj
hjitk
itkoo cid
cidcvc
cvcduk
dukoo ki
kidd
gnoojgtcvj erjjdnhs kid buhki rcmbts ci tbj pnoctcgko, sngcko, jgninhcg kid
guotu
guoturko
rko spb
spbjrj
jrjss gk
gkii nio
nioyy `j rj rjkoc
koczj
zjdd ki
kidd eon
eonurc
urcsb
sb uid
uidjr
jr gn
gnid
idctcn
ctcnis
is ne
iktcniko kid sngcko erjjdnhs ne tbj pjnpoj.
GNHVPJBJIWCUJ
GNHVPJBJIW CUJ KMPJJHJIT NI PJWVJGT ENP BZHKI
3=PCMBTW KID CITJPIKTCNIKO BZHKICTKPCKI OK]
Krtcgoj
Krtcgoj :. Tb
Tbjj Vk
Vkrt
rtcj
cjss ke
keec
ecrh
rh tb
tbjj ij
ijjd
jd tn pr
prnh
nhnt
ntj,
j, jx
jxpk
pkid
id ki
kidd
mukrkitjj tbj pjnpojÚ s djhngrktcg rcmbts kid erjjdnhs, jspjgckooy ne tbj
tncocim hkssjs ne wnrajrs kid pjkskits.
Krtcgoj 5. Tbj Vkrtcjs krj kwkrj tbkt tbj prnonimjd krhjd gnieocgt ci
tbj Vbcocppcijs ijgjssctktjs tbj kppocgktcni ne tbj prcigcpojs ne buhki rcmbts
kidd tb
ki tbjj pr
prci
cigc
gcpo
pojs
js ne cicitj
tjri
rikt
ktcn
cnik
ikoo bu
buhk
hkic
ictk
tkrc
rcki
ki ok
okw
w ki
kidd tb
tbjj ek
ekctb
ctbeu
euoo
gnhpockigj tbjrjwctb `y `ntb Vkrtcjs.
Krtcgoj =. Tbj Vkrtcjs bjrj`y enrmj tbcs Kmrjjhjit ci nrdjr tn keecrh
tbjcr gnistkit kid gnitciucim hutuko gnhhcthjit tn rjspjgt buhki rcmbts
kid tbj prcigcpojs ne citjriktcniko buhkictkrcki okw kid bjrj`y rjgnmiczj
jctbjr VkrtyÚ s kgts ne mnnd citjitcni tn `j `nuid `y kid tn gnhpoy wctb tbj
prcigcpojs ne
ne citjriktcniko
citjriktcniko buhkictkrcki
buhkictkrcki okw.
VKPT CC
@KWJW, WGNVJ KID KVVOCGK@COC
KVVOCGK@COCTS
TS
Krtcgoj ;. Tbcs Kmrjjhjit cs hjkit tn hjjt tbj ijjds krcscim ernh tbj
gnigrjtj gnidctcnis ne tbj Ecocpcin pjnpoj gnigjricim vcnoktcnis ne buhki
rcmbts kid tbj prcigcpojs ne citjriktcniko buhkictkrcki okw, kid tn ecid
prcigcpojd wkys kid hjkis ne rjidjrci
rjidjrcimm lustcgj tn koo tbj vcgtchs ne sugb
vcnoktcnis.
Krtcgoj 0. Tbj n`ljgtcvjs ne tbcs Kmrjjhjit krj<
(k) tn mukrkitjj tbj prntjgtcni
prntjgtcni ne buhki rcmbts tn koo Ecocpcins
uidjr koo gcrguhstkigjs, jspjgckooy tbj wnrajrs, pjkskits kid ntbjr
pnnr pjnpoj1
pjnpoj1
(`)tn
(`)tn ke
keec
ecrh
rh ki
kidd kp
kppo
poyy tb
tbjj pr
prci
cigc
gcpo
pojs
js ne ci
citj
tjri
rikt
ktcn
cnik
ikoo
buhkictkrcki okw ci nrdjr tn prntjgt tbj gcvcocki pnpuoktcni kid
cidcvcduko gcvcockis, ks wjoo ks pjrsnis wbn dn int tkaj Ö Ö dcrjgt
pkrt nr wbn bkvj gjksjd tn tkaj pkrt ci tbj krhjd bnstcoctcjs,
cigoudcim pjrsnis djprcvjd ne tbjcr oc`jrty enr rjksnis rjoktjd tn tbj
krhjd gnieocgt1
(g) tn js
(g) jstk
tkò
òcs
csbb je
jeej
ejgt
gtcv
cvjj hj
hjgb
gbki
kics
cshs
hs ki
kidd hj
hjks
ksur
urjs
js en
enrr
rjkoczcim, hnictnrcim, vjrceycim kid jisurcim gnhpockigj wctb tbj
prnvcscnis ne
ne tbcs Kmrjjhjit1
Kmrjjhjit1 kid,
(d)tn pk
(d)tn pkvj
vj tbtbjj wk
wkyy en enrr gn
gnhp
hprj
rjbj
bjis
iscv
cvjj km
kmrj
rjjh
jhji
jits
ts ni
jgni
jg ninh
nhcg
cg,, sn
sngc
gcko
ko kikidd pn
pnoc
octc
tcgk
gkoo rj
rjen
enrh
rhss tb
tbkt
kt wc
wcoo
oo ji
jisu
surj
rj tb
tbjj
kttkcihjit ne k lust kid okstcim pjkgj.
Krtcgoj 7. Tbj Vkrtcjs sbkoo upbnod, prntjgt kid prnhntj tbj euoo sgnpj
ne buhki rcmbts, cigoudcim gcvco, pnoctcgko, jgninhcg, sngcko kid guoturko
rcmbts
rcmb ts.. Ci gn
gnhp
hpoy
oyci
cimm wc
wctb
tb sugb
sugb n`nòcm
ocmkt
ktcn
cnii du
dujj gn
gnis
iscd
cdjr
jrkt
ktcn
cnii sb
sbko
kooo `j
kggn
kg gnrdj
rdjdd tn tbj rj
rjspj
spjgtc
gtcvj
vj pn
pnoct
octcgk
cgkoo pr
prcig
cigcpo
cpojs
js ki
kidd gcr
gcrgu
guhst
hstkikigj
gjss ne tbj
Vkrtcjs.
Krtcgoj 4. Ct cs uidjrstnnd tbkt tbj uicvjrskooy kppocgkòj prcigcpojs kid
stk
tkid
idkkrds ne buhki rc rcmmbts kid ne ci citj
tjrrik
iktc
tcnniko buh
uhkkict
ctkkrc
rckki ok
okw
w
gnitjhpoktjd ci tbcs Kmrjjhjit cigoudj tbnsj jh`ndcjd ci tbj cistruhjits
scmijd `y tbj Vbcocppcijs kid djjhjd tn `j hutukooy kppocgkòj tn kid
kggjptkòj
kggjptk` oj `y `ntb Vkrtcjs.
Krtcgoj :. Tbcs Kmrjjhjit sbkoo `j kppocgkòj ci koo gksjs civnovcim
vcnoktcnis ne buhki rcmbts kid tbj prcigcpojs ne citjriktcniko buhkictkrcki
okw gnhhcttjd kmkcist pjrsnis, ekhcocjs kid mrnups keecocktjd wctb jctbjr
Vkrty kid koo gcvcockis kid pjrsnis int dcrjgtoy tkacim pkrt ci tbj bnstcoctcjs,
cigoudcim pjrsnis djprcvjd ne tbjcr oc`jrty enr rjksnis rjoktjd tn tbj krhjd
gnieocgt. Ct sbkoo ocajwcsj `j kppocgkòj tn koo pjrsnis keejgtjd `y tbj krhjd
gnieo
gnieocgt
cgt,, wct
wctbn
bnut
ut dcs
dcstci
tcigtc
gtcni
ni ne ki
kiyy ac
acid
id `k
`ksjd
sjd ni sj
sjx,
x, rk
rkgj
gj,, oki
okimu
mukmj
kmj,,
rjocmcni nr gnivcgtcni,
nrcmci, kmj, pnoctcgko prnpjrty,
jgninhcg pnsctcni, nr ntbjr npcicni, iktcniko,
hkrctko stktus, jtbicg
`crtb nr sngcko
nr kiy ntbjr
schcokr gnidctcni nr stktus.
VKPT CCC
PJWVJGT ENP BZHKI PCMBTW
Krtcgoj ;. Ci tbj jxjrgcsj ne tbjcr cibjrjit rcmbts, tbj Vkrtcjs sbkoo
kdbj
kd bjrj
rj tn ki
kidd `j `n
`nui
uidd `y tb
tbjj pr
prci
cigc
gcpo
pojs
js ki
kidd st
stki
kidk
dkrd
rdss jh
jh`n
`ndc
dcjd
jd ci
citjriktcniko
citjriktcniko cistruhji
cistruhjits
ts ni buhki rcmbts.
Krtcgoj 0. Tbcs Kmrjjhjit sjjas tn gniernit, rjhjdy kid prjvjit tbj
hnst ks
wjoo sjrcnus buhkiprntjgt
tn upbnod, rcmbts vcnoktcnis
kid prnhntjci tjrhs ne sgnpj
tbj euoo gcvco kid pnoctcgkorcmbts
ne buhki rcmbts,kid
ks
euidkhjitko erjjdnhs, cigoudcim<
;. Tb
Tbjj rcm
rcmbt
bt tn sjo
sjoe-d
e-djtj
jtjrhc
rhcik
iktcn
tcnii ne tbj Eco
Ecocpc
cpcin
in iktcni
iktcni `y
vcrtuj ne wbcgb tbj pjnpoj sbnuod euooy kid erjjoy djtjrhcij tbjcr
pnoctcgko stktus, pursuj tbjcr jgninh
jgninhcg,cg, sngcko kid guoturko
djvjonphjit, kid dcspnsj ne tbjcr ikturko wjkotb kid rjsnurgjs enr
tbjjcr nwi wjoe
tb oekkrj kid `j `jiiject tntnw
wkrd
rdss mjiucicijj iktcn
cniiko
cidjpjidjigj, djhngrkgy, sngcko lustcgj kid djvjonphjit.
0. Tbj ci cibbjrjit kid ci cikkoc
ocjjik
ikò
òjj rcm
cmbt
bt ne tb
tbjj pjnpoj tn
jstkòcsb k lust, djhngrktcg kid pjkgjeuo sngcjty, tn kdnpt jeejgtcvj
skejmukrds kmkcist, kid tn nppnsj npprjsscni kid tyrkiiy schcokr tn
tbkt ne tbj pkst dcgtktnrcko rjmchj.
GNHVPJBJIWCUJ
GNHVPJBJIW CUJ KMPJJHJIT NI PJWVJGT ENP BZHKI
33PCMBTW KID CITJPIKTCNIKO BZHKICTKPCKI OK]
7. Tb
Tbjj rcm
rcmbt
bt ne tbj vcg
vcgtch
tchss ki
kidd tbj
tbjcr
cr ekhcocj
ekhcocjss tn sjja lustcg
lustcgjj
enr vcnoktcnis ne buhki rcmbts, cigoudcim kdjquktj gnhpjisktcni nr
cidj
cidjhi
hice
cecg
cgkt
ktcn
cni,
i, rjrjst
stct
ctut
utcn
cnii ki
kidd rjrjbk
bk`c
`coc
octk
tktc
tcni
ni,, ki
kidd je
jeej
ejgt
gtcv
cvjj
skigtcnis kid mukrkitjjs kmkcist rjpjtctcni kid chpuicty.
4. Tb
Tbjj rcm
rcmbt
bt tn ocej, js
jspjg
pjgcko
ckooy
oy km
kmkci
kcist
st su
suhh
hhkry
kry jxjgutc
jxjgutcnis
nis
(sk
skov
ovkkmci
cimms), cicivn
vnou
ouiitk
tkry
ry dcdcsskppj
pjkkrk
rkig
igjjs, hksssskkgrj
rjss kid
cidcsgrchciktj `nh`krdhjits ne gnhhuictcjs, kid tbj rcmbt int tn
`j su`ljgtjd tn gkhpkcmi
gkhpkcmiss ne cigctjhjit tn vcnojigj kmkcist nijÚ s
pjrsni.
:. Tb
Tbjj rcm
rcmbt
bt tn oc`
oc`jrt
jrty,
y, pk
pkrtc
rtcgu
guokr
okroy
oy kmkci
kmkcist
st ui
uiwk
wkrrk
rrkitj
itjdd kid
uilus
ui lustce
tcecjd
cjd kr
krrj
rjst
st ki
kidd dj
djtji
tjitcn
tcnii ki
kidd tn je
jeejg
ejgtcv
tcvjoy
joy kv
kvkco
kco ne tbj
tbj wrct ne bk`jks gnrpus.
prcvcojmj ne tbj
5. Tb
Tbjj cid
cidcvc
cvcduk
dukoo kid gnoojg
gnoojgtcv
tcvjj rcmbt ne tbj pjnpoj
pjnpoj kid ne
gnhhu
gn hhuict
ictcjs
cjs tn `j sjg
sjgur
urjj ci tbj
tbjcr
cr pj
pjrsn
rsnis,
is, bn
bnus
usjs,
js, pk
pkpj
pjrs
rs ki
kidd
jeejgts kmkcist uirjksnikòj sjkrgbjs kid sjczurjs, kid tn jeejgtcvj
skej
skejmu
mukr
krds
ds ne tbtbjjsj rc
rcmb
mbts
ts km
kmkc
kcis
istt ki
kiyy co
cooj
ojmk
mkoo np
npjr
jrkt
ktcn
cnis
is `y
MPVkmjigcjs.
=. Tbj rcmbt
rcmbt int tn `j su`ljgtj
su`ljgtjdd tn pbyscgko
pbyscgko nr hjitko
hjitko tnrturj,
tnrturj,
snoctkry gniecijhjit, rkpj kid sjxuko kùsj, kid ntbjr cibuhki,
grujo nr djmrkdcim trjkthjit, djtjitcni kid puicsbhjit.
2. Tb
Tbjj rc
rcmb
mbtt in
intt tn `j bj
bjod
od ci ci
civn
vnou
ouit
itkr
kryy sj
sjrv
rvct
ctud
udjj nr tn
pjrenrh enrgjd
enrgjd nr gnhpuosnry
gnhpuosnry ok`nr.
ok`nr.
3. Tbj rcmbt
rcmbt tn su`stkitc
su`stkitcvj
vj kid prngj
prngjdurk
durkoo duj prngjss,
prngjss, tn `j
prjsuhjdd ciingjit uitco prnvji mucoty, kid kmkcist
prjsuhj
sjoecigrchciktcni.
;6. Tbj rc
r cmbt tn
t n jq
jquko prntjgtcni nene tb
t bj ok
o kw ki
kid
kmkcist kiy enrh ne dcsgrchciktcni ni tbj `kscs ne rkgj, jtbicgcty,
mjidjr, `jocje, kmj, pbyscgko gnidctcni nr gcvco stktus kid kmkcist kiy
cigctjhjit tn sugb dcsgrchciktcni
dcsgrchciktcni..
;;. Tbj rc
rcmbt tn
tn er
erjjdnh ne
ne tb
tbnumbt ki
kid jx
jxprjsscni,
erjjdnh ne gnisgcjigj, pnoctcgko kid rjocmcnus `jocjes kid prkgtcgjs
kid tbj rcmbt int tn `j puicsbjd nr bjod kggnuitkòj ci tbj jxjrgcsj
ne tbjsj rcmbts.
;0. Tbj rc
rcmbt tn
tn er
erjj sp
spjjgb, pr
prjss, ks
kssngcktcni ki
kid
kssjhòy, kid tn sjja rjdrjss ne mrcjvkigjs.
;7. Tbj rcmbt tn prcvkgy ne gnhhuicgktcni kid
gnrrj
gnrrjspn
spnidj
idjig
igj,
j, js
jspj
pjgck
gckooy
ooy km
kmkci
kcist
st ci
citjr
tjrgj
gjptc
ptcim,
im, pc
pcoej
oejrci
rcimm kid
npjicim ne hkco hkttjrs kid gnidugtcim coojmko survjcookigj kid

cienrhktcni mktbjrcim tbrnumb jojgtrnicg kid ntbjr hjkis.
;4. Tbj rc
rcmbt tn
tn er
erjj gb
gbncgj ne
ne dn
dnhcgcoj, hn
hnvjhjit
kid trkvjo wctbci tbj gnuitry kid k`rnkd, tn sjja ksyouh, hcmrktcni
kid jxcoj, kid kmkcist trkvjo rjstrcgtcnis enr pnoctcgko rjksnis nr
n`ljgtcvjs.
;:. Tbj rcmbt int tn `j su`ljgtjd tn enrgjd
jvkg
jvkguk
uktcn
tcnis,
is, en
ennd
nd ki
kidd ntb
ntbjr
jr enr
enrhs
hs ne jg jgnin
ninhcg
hcg òn
ònga
gakd
kdjs
js kid
cidcsgrchciktj `nh`cims, sbjoocims, strkecim, muiecrj kid tbj usj ne
okidhcijs.
;5. Tbj rcmbt tnt n ci
c ienrhktcni ni
n i hk
h kttjrs ne puòcg
gnigjri kid kggjss tn rjgnrds, dnguhjits kid pkpjrs pjrtkcicim tn
kgts, trkiskgtcnis nr djgcscnis ne pjrsnis ci kutbnrcty.
;=. Tbj rc
rcmbt tn
tn uicvjrsko su
sueerkmj cr
crrjspjgtcvj ne
ne sj
sjx,
rk
rkgj
gj,, ng
nggu
gupk
cdjnonmcgko pktcn
tcni,
kid i, snsngc
gcko
pnoctcgko ko nr
nrcm
cmci
ci,, kid
gnivcgtcni, prnp
prnpjr
jrty
ty,, st
rjocmcnusstkt
ktus
us,, jd
`jocje. jdug
ugkt
ktcn
cni,
i,
;2. Tbj rcr cmbt tn
t n nw
n wi pr
p rnpjrty ki
k id tb
t bj hjkis nene
prndugtcnii kid gnisuhptcni tbkt krj n`tkcijd tbrnumb okid rjenrh,
prndugtcn
bnij
bn ijst
st ok
ok`n
`nrr ki
kidd jijitr
trjp
jprj
rjij
ijur
ursb
sbcp
cp,, sa
saco
coo,
o, ci
civj
vjit
itcv
cvji
jijs
jsss ki
kidd
citjoojgtuko hjrct kid tn usj sugb hjkis enr tbj gnhhni mnnd.
;3. Tbj rcmbt tn mkcieuo jhponyhjit, buhkij
wnracim kid ocvcim gnidctcnis, ocvjocbnnd kid ln` sjgurcty, tn wnra
kid jquko pky, tn enrh uicnis, tn strcaj kid pkrtcgcpktj ci tbj pnocgy
kid djgcscnihkacim prngjssjs keejgtcim tbjcr rcmbts kid citjrjsts,
kid tbj rcmbt int tn `j djicjd tbjsj rcmbts duj tn iktcnikocty, grjjd,
hcinrcty stktus, mjidjr nr sjxuko prjejrjigj, nr gcvco stktus.
06. Tbj rc
rcmbt tn
tn ui
uicvjrsko ki
kid er
erjj jo
jojhjitkry kik id
sjgnidkry jdugktcni, kid kggjss tn `kscg sjrvcgjs kid bjkotb gkrj.
0;. Tbj rc
rcmbt tn
tn er
erjjoy ji
jimkmj cici sg
sgcjitcecg rj
rjsjkrgb,
tjgbinon
tjgbinonmcgk
mcgkoo civj
civjitcn
itcni,
i, octj
octjrkry
rkry kid krtcs
krtcstcg
tcg grj
grjktcn
ktcnis
is kid ntbj
ntbjrr
guoturko pursucts.
00. Tbj rc
rcmbt tn enrh k hkrctko ui
uicni kid tn enuid k
ekhcoy, kid tn jisurj ekhcoy gnhhuicgktcnis kid rjuicnis.
07. Tbj jquko rcmbt ne wnhji ci koo ecjods ne jidjkvnr
kidd ci ko
ki kooo sp
spbj
bjrj
rjss ne pnpnoc
octc
tcgk
gko,
o, jg
jgni
ninh
nhcg
cg,, gu
guot
otur
urko
ko,, sn
sngc
gcko
ko ki
kidd
dnhjstcg ocej kid tn tbjcr jhkigcpktcni.
GNHVPJBJIW
GNHVPJBJIWCUJ
CUJ KMPJJHJIT NI PJWVJGT ENP BZHKI
;6;PCMBTW KID CITJPIKTCNIKO BZHKICTKPCKI OK]
04. Tbj rcmbt ne gbcodrji kid tbj dcskòjd tn

prntjgtcni,, gkrj, kid k bnhj, jspjgckooy kmkcist
prntjgtcni kmkcist pbyscgko kid hjitko
kùsj, prnstctutcni, drums, enrgjd ok`nr, bnhjojssijss, kid ntbjr
schcokr enrhs ne npprjsscni kid jxponctktcni.
0:. Tbj jxcstcim rcmbts ne tbj hcinrcty gnhhuictcjs ci
tbj Vbcocppcijs tn kutninhy, tn tbjcr kigjstrko okids kid tbj ikturko
rjsnurgjs ci tbjsj okids, tn jimkmj ci kid `jiject ernh keecrhktcvj
kgtcni, tn tbjcr pkrtcgcpktcni kid rjprjsjitktcni ci tbj jgninhcg,
pnoctcgko kid sngcko
sngcko ocej kid cistctutcnis,
cistctutcnis, kid tn guoturko
guoturko kid koo rnuid
djvjonphjit.
Krtcgoj 7. Tbj Vkrtcjs djgry koo vcnoktcnis kid kùsjs ne buhki rcmbts.
Tbjy gnhhjid tbj gnhpokcikits nr pokcitcees ci koo suggjsseuo buhki rcmbts
prngjjdcims.
prngjjd cims. Tbjy jignur
jignurkmj
kmj koo vcgtchs ne vcnoktcnis kid kùsjs ne buhki
rcmbts nr tbjcr survcvcim ekhcocjs tn gnhj enrwkrd wctb tbjcr gnhpokcits kid
jvcdjigj.
Krtcgoj 4. Tbj pjrsnis ockòj enr vcnoktcnis kid kùsjs ne buhki rcmbts
sbkoo `j su`ljgt tn civjstcmktcn
civjstcmktcnii kid, ce jvcdjig
jvcdjigjj wkrrkits, tn prnsjgutcn
prnsjgutcnii kid
trcko. Tbj vcgtchs nr tbjcr survcvnrs sbkoo `j cidjhicecjd. Koo ijgjsskry
hjksurjs sbkoo `j uidjrtkaji tn rjhnvj tbj gnidctcnis enr vcnoktcnis kid
kùsjs ne buhki rcmbts kid tn rjidjr lustcgj tn kid cidjhicey tbj vcgtchs.
Krtcgoj :. Tbj Vkrtcjs bjrj`y rjspjgt kid suppnrt tbj rcmbts ne tbj
vcgtchs ne buhki rcmbts vcnoktcnis durcim tbj Hkrgns rjmchj, tkacim citn
gniscdjrktcni tbj eciko ludmhjit ne tbj Zictjd Wtktjs Ejdjrko Gnurt Wystjh
ci tbj Buhki Pcmbts Octcmktcni Kmkcist Hkrgns1 Wjiktj Pjsnoutcni ;5461
Wwcs
Ww csss Wu
Wupr
prjh
jhjj Gn
Gnur
urtt Dj
Djgc
gcsc
scni
ni ne ;6 DjDjgj
gjh`
h`jrjr ;3
;33=
3=11 ki
kidd pj
pjrt
rtci
ciji
jitt
prnvcscniss ne tbj Z.I. Gnvjikit ni Gcvco kid Vnoctcgko
prnvcscni V noctcgko Pcmbts kid tbj ;324
Z.I. kosn
sbkoo Gnivjitcni
jxjgutjKmkcist
wctb tbjTnrturj. Wbnuod tbjrj
duoy kutbnrczjd `j kiy sjttojhjit,
rjprjsjitktcvjs tbj MPVk
ne tbj vcgtchs
wrcttji cistruhjit tn chpojhjit tbcs Krtcgoj kid mucdj tbj sktcsekgtcni ne tbj
gokchs ne skcd vcgtchs, wctb rjmkrd tn tbj khnuit kid hndj ne gnhpjisktcni,
wbcgb sbkoo `j tbj hnst dcrjgt kid qucgajst pnsscòj tn jvjry vcgtch nr bjcr ci
kggnrdkigj wctb tbj rjojvkit Wwcss Wuprjhj Gnurt djgcscnis. Ci gksj ne kiy
sjttojhjit nutscdj ne Z.W. lurcsdcgtcni, koo nr tbj hklnrcty ne skcd vcgtchs
sbkoo djtjrhcij tbjcr rjprjsjitktcni `y pnwjr ne kttnrijy.
Krtcgoj 5. Tbj MPV sbkoo k`cdj `y cts dngtrcij okcd dnwi ci Vjnpoj vs.
Bjrikidjz (33 Vbco. :;:, Luoy ;2, ;3:5), ks eurtbjr jok`nrktjd ci Vjnpoj vs.
Mjrnichn (;66 Vbco. 36, Ngtn`jr ;7, ;3:5), kid sbkoo enrtbwctb rjvcjw tbj
gksjs ne koo prcsnijrs nr djtkcijjs wbn bkvj `jji gbkrmjd, djtkcijd, nr
gnivcgtjd gnitrkry tn tbcs dngtrcij, kid sbkoo chhjdcktjoy rjojksj tbjh.
Krtcgoj
Krtcg oj =. Tb
Tbjj MP
MPVV sb
sbko
kooo wn
wnra
ra en
enrr tb
tbjj ch
chhj
hjdcdckt
ktjj rj
rjpj
pjko
ko ne ki
kiyy
su`scstcim rjprjsscvj okws, djgrjjs, nr ntbjr jxjgutcvj cssukigjs kid enr tbcs
purpnsj, sbkoo
sbkoo enrtbwctb rjvcjw,
rjvcjw, khnim ntbjrs, tbj enoonwcim<
enoonwcim< Mjijrko
Mjijrko Nrdjrs
55 kid 5= (Kutbnrczcim Gbjgapncits
Gbjgapncits kid ]krrkitoj
]krrkitojssss Wjkrgbj
W jkrgbjs)1
s)1 Vrjscdjitcko
Dj
Djgr
grjj
jj ;2
;255
Vnssjsscni 55
ne ks khji
kh jidj
Ecrjkrhsdjdd (K
wctb (Koo
oonw
nwci
cimm tntb
Pjspjgt tbjjVnoctcgko
Ecoc
Ec ocim
im Neejisjs)1
ne Gb
Gbkr
krmj
mjssVrjscdjitcko
ne Co
Cooj
ojmk
mkoo
Djgrjj ;53 ks khjidjd
(Pjqucrcim Vbyscgckis tn Pjpnrt Gksjs ne Vktcjits wctb Muisbnt ]nuids tn
tbj Vnocgj/Hcoctkry)1 @ktks Vkh`kisk 226 (Pjstrcgtcim kid
Gnitrnoocim tbj Pcmbt tn Vjkgjeuo Kssjhòy)1 Jxjgutcvj Nrdjr ;03
(kutbnrczcim tbj djhnoctcni ne ur`ki pnnr gnhhuictcjs)1 Jxjgutcvj Nrdjr
054 (Ojmkoczcim tbj Gcvcocki Krhjd Enrgjs Mjnmrkpbcgko Zicts)1 Jxjgutcvj
Nrdjr 0=0 (Ojimtbjicim tbj Koonwkòj Vjrcnds ne
Djtjitcni)1 Hjhnrkiduh Gcrguokr ;73 (Koonwcim tbj Chpnsctcni ne Ennd
@onga
@on gakd
kdjs)
js)11 kid KdKdhci
hcicst
cstrk
rktcv
tcvjj Nrd
Nrdjrjr 76 7622 (Js
(Jstk`
tkòcs
ocsbci
bcimm tbj IkIktcn
tcnik
ikoo
Cdjitcecgktcni
Cdjitcecgktcni Wystjh).
Zpni
Zp ni tb
tbjj je
jeej
ejgt
gtcv
cvct
ctyy ne tb
tbcs
cs Km
Kmrj
rjjh
jhji
jit,
t, tb
tbjj MP
MPV
V sb
sbko
koo,
o, ks ek
ekrr ks
prkgtcgkòj, int civnaj tbjsj rjprjsscvj okws, djgrjjs kid nrdjrs tn
prkgtcgkòj,
gcrguhvjit nr gnitrkvjij tbj prnvcscnis ne tbcs Kmrjjhjit.
Krtcgoj 2. Tbj MP MPV V sbk
sbkoooo rjv
rjvcjw
cjw cts lurlurcsp
csprud
rudjijigj
gj ni wk wkrrk
rrkito
itojss
jss
krrj
kr stss (Zhco vs. Pkhns),
rjst Pkhns), gbj
gbjga
gapn citss (Ukohnitj vs. Dj Ucook),
pncit Ucook), skturktcni
drcvjs (Mukzni vs. Dj Ucook),
Ucook), wkrrkitojss sjkrgbjs
(Vns
(V nskd
kdksks vsvs.. Gn
Gnur
urtt ne Kp
Kppjpjko
kos)
s),, gr
grchc
chcik
ikocz
oczktc
ktcni
ni ne pn pnoct
octcgk
cgkoo ne
neeji
ejisj
sjss
(@kyonscs vs. Gbkvjz),
Gbkvjz), rjidjrcim hnnt kid kgkdjhcg tbj rjhjdy ne bk`jks
gnrpus upni tbj su`sjqujit ecocim ne gbkrmjs (Cokmki vs. Vnigj-Jircoj), Vnigj-Jircoj), kid
ntbj
ntbjrr sc
schc
hcokokrr gk
gksj
sjs,
s, ki
kidd sb
sbko
kooo ch
chhjhjdcdckt
ktjo
joyy hn
hnvjvj enenrr tb
tbjj kd
kdnpnptcn
tcnii ne
kppr
kp prnp
nprc
rckktj rj rjhj
hjdc
dcjs
js gn
gnis
iscs
cstj
tjit
it wc wctb
tb tb
tbjj n`n`lj
ljgt
gtcv
cvjs
js ne tb tbcs
cs ki
kidd tbtbjj
chhjdcktjoy prjgjdcim Krtcgoj.
Zpni
Zp ni tb
tbjj je
jeej
ejgt
gtcv
cvct
ctyy ne tb
tbcs
cs Km
Kmrj
rjjh
jhji
jit,
t, tb
tbjj MP
MPVV sb
sbko
koo,
o, ks ek
ekrr ks
prkgtcgkòj,
prkgtcgkòj, int civnaj tbjsj djgcscnis tn gcrguhvj
gcrguhvjitit nr gnitrkvj
gnitrkvjij
ij tbj
prnvcscnis ne
ne tbcs Kmrjjhjit.
Kmrjjhjit.
Krtcgo
Krtcgojj 3. Tbj Vkrtcjs sbkoo tkaj gnigrjtj stjps tn prntjgt tbj ocvjs,
ocvjocbnnd kid prnpjrtcjs ne tbj pjnpoj kmkcist cigurscnis ernh hcicim, rjko
jstktj, onmmcim, tnurcsh nr ntbjr schcokr prnljgts nr prnmrkhs.
Krtcgoj
Krtcgoj ;6. Tb Tbjj Vk
Vkrt
rtcj
cjss sb
sbko
kooo pr
prnh
nhntntjj tb
tbjj `k
`ksc
scgg gn
gnooj
oojgt
gtcv
cvjj ki
kidd
cidcvc
cidcvcdu
duko
ko rcm
rcmbt
btss ne wn
wnraj
rajrs,
rs, pjk
pjksk
skits
its,, ecs
ecsbj
bjren
renoa,
oa, ur`
ur`ki
ki pn
pnnr,
nr, hc
hcmrk
mrkit
it
wnrajrs, jtbicg hcinrctcjs, wnhji,
wnhji, ynutb, gbcodrji kid tbj rjst ne tbj pjnpoj
kid sbkoo tkaj gnigrjtj stjps tn stnp kid prjvjit tbj vcnoktcnis ne buhki
rcmbts, jisurj tbkt tbnsj enuid mucoty ne sugb vcnoktcnis krj puicsbjd, kid
prnvcdj enr tbj cidjhicecgktcni,
cidjhicecgktcni, rjbk`coctktcni
rjbk`coctktcni kid rjstctutcni
rjstctutcni ne tbj vcgtchs.
vcgtchs.
GNHVPJBJIW
GNHVPJBJIWCUJ
;67PCMBTW KID CITJPIKTCNIKO BZHKICTKPCKI OK]
Krtcgoj ;;. Tbj MPV sbkoo rjspjgt tbj `kscg rcmbts mukrkitjjd `y tbj
Citjriktcniko
Citjriktcniko Ok`nr Gnivjitcni ni Erjjdnh
E rjjdnh ne Kssngcktcni kid Vrntjgtcni ne
tbj Pcmbt tn Nrmkiczj kid tbj stkidkrds sjt `y tbj Citjriktcniko Ok`nr
Nrmkiczktcni (CON) pjrtkcicim tn ln` tjiurj, wkmj kid ocvcim gnidctcnis,
trkdj
wnhji
wnhj uicni
i wnrarcmbts
jrs tnkid
wnrajrs hjdcgko
hktjricty
hktj kid cts
sngcko
ricty `jijects
`jije kidcisurkigj ne koo
kmkcist dcsg
kmkcist wnrajrs,
dcsgrchci rcmbt-vcs
ktcni vcs-˅
rchciktcni ne
hkoj wnrajrs, rcmbt kmkcist gbcod ok`nr, kid tbj rcmbts ne hcmrkit wnrajrs
k`rnk
k` rnkdd ci kg
kggn
gnrdk
rdkigj
igj wct
wctbb tbj Ci
Citjr
tjrik
iktcn
tcnik
ikoo Gnv
Gnvji
jiki
kitt ni tbj Pcm
Pcmbts
bts ne
Hcmrkit ]nrajrs kid tbj Hjh`jrs ne tbjcr Ekhcocjs.
Krtcgoj ;0. Tbj MPV sbkoo rjspjgt tbj rcmbts ne pjkskits tn okid tjiurj
kid tn nwi tbrnumb okid rjenrh tbj okid tbkt tbjy tcoo, tbj kigjstrko rcmbts ne
tbj cidcmjinus pjnpojs ci tbj krjks goksscecjd ks puòcg dnhkci kid tbjcr
rcmb
rcmbts
ts km
kmkc
kcis
istt rk
rkgc
gcko
ko ki
kidd jt
jtbi
bicg
cg dc
dcsg
sgrc
rchc
hcik
iktcn
tcni,
i, tb
tbjj rc
rcmb
mbtt ne tb
tbjj pn
pnnr
nr
bnhjstjkdjrs nr sjttojrs kid tbj cidcmjinus pjnpoj tn tbj krjks ne puòcg
dnhkci ni wbcgb tbjy ocvj kid wnra kid tbj rcmbt ne pnnr ecsbjrenoa tn ecsb
ci tbj wktjrs ne tbj Vbcocppcijs. Tbj MPV sbkoo enrtbwctb rjvcjw cts okws nr
ntbjr cssukigjs pjrtcijit tn tbj rcmbts hjitcnijd ci tbcs kid tbj chhjdcktjoy
prjgjdcimm Krtcgoj kid sbkoo hnvj enr tbj chhjdcktj rjpjko ne tbnsj enuid
prjgjdci
vcnoktcvj ne sugb rcmbts.
Krtcgoj ;7. Tbj Vkrtcjs sbkoo prnhntj kid gkrry nut gkhpkcmis ne
buhk
buhkii rcrcmb
mbts
ts jd
jdug
ugkt
ktcn
cni,
i, ok
okid
id rjrjen
enrh
rh,, bc
bcmb
mbjr
jr pr
prnd
ndug
ugtcn
tcni,
i, bj
bjko
kotb
tb ki
kidd
skictktcni, kid ntbjrs tbkt krj ne sngcko `jiject tn tbj pjnpoj. Tbjy sbkoo mcvj
tbj uthnst kttjitcni tn okid rjenrh ks tbj prcigcpko hjksurj enr kttkcicim
djhngrkgy kid sngcko lustcgj.
VKPT CU
PJWVJGT ENP CITJPIKTCN
CITJPIKTCNIKO
IKO
BZHKICTKPCKI
BZHKICTKP CKI OK]
Krtcgo
Krtc gojj ;. Ci tbj jxjrgcsj ne tbjcr cibjrjit rcmbts, tbj Vkrtcjs tn tbj
krhjd gnieocgt sbkoo kdbjrj tn kid `j `nuid `y tbj mjijrkooy kggjptjd
prcigcpojs kid
kid stkidkrds
stkidkrds ne citjriktcniko
citjriktcniko buhkictkrcki
buhkictkrcki okw.
Krtcgoj
Krtcgoj 0. Tbj
Tbjsj
sj prc
prcig
igcpo
cpojs
js ki
kidd stk
stkidk
idkrds
rds kp
kppoy
poy tn tb
tbjj en
enoon
oonwci
wcimm
pjrsnis<
;. gcvc
gcvcocki
ockiss nr tbnsj tkacim
tkacim in kgtcvj
kgtcvj pkrt
pkrt ci tbj bnstcoctc
bnstcoctcjs1
js1
0. hj
hjh`h`jr
jrss ne kr
krhj
hjdd en
enrg
rgjs
js wb
wbnn bk
bkvj
vj su
surr
rrji
jidj
djrj
rjdd nr ok
okcd
cd
dnwi tbjcr krhs1
7. tb pokggjd bnrs dj gnh`kt `y scgaijss, wnuids nr kiy

tbnnsj pok
ntbjr gkusj1
4. pjr
pjrsnis
snis djprcv
djprcvjd
jd ne tbjcr oc`jrty
oc`jrty enr rjksni
rjksniss rjoktjd
rjoktjd tn tbj
krhjd gnieocgt1 kid,
:. rjoktcvjs kid duoy kutbnrczjd rjprjsjitktcvjs ne
k`nvjikhjd pjrsnis.
Krtcgoj 7. Tbj enoonwcim kgts krj kid sbkoo rjhkci prnbc`ctjd kt kiy
tchj kid ci kiy pokgj wbktsnjvjr wctb rjspjgt tn tbj pjrsnis jiuhjrktjd ci
tbj prjgjdcim Krtcgoj 0<
;. vcn
vcnojig
ojigjj tn ocej kid pjrsni,
pjrsni, pkrtcguo
pkrtcguokroy
kroy acoocim
acoocim nr gkusci
gkuscimm
cilury, `jcim su`ljgtjd tn pbyscgko nr hjitko tnrturj, hutcoktcni,
gnrpnrko puicsbhjit, grujo nr djmrkdcim trjkthjit kid koo kgts ne
vcnojigj kid rjprcskos, cigoudcim bnstkmj-tkacim, kid kgts kmkcist
tbj pbys
pbyscgko
cgko wjoo
wjoo-`jci
-`jcim,
m, dcmi
dcmicty,
cty, pnoc
pnoctcgk
tcgkoo gniv
gnivcgtcn
cgtcnis
is kid ntbj
ntbjrr
buhki rcmbts1
0. bn
bnod
odcim
cim kiyni
kiynijj rjs
rjspni
pnisc`
scòj
oj enr ki kg
kgtt tbk
tbktt sbj
sbj/bj
/bj bks int
gnhhcttjd
rjqucsctjs nekid
dujpuicsbcim
prngjss1 kiynij wctbnut gnhpoycim wctb koo tbj
7. rj
rjqu
qucr
crci
cimm pj
pjrs
rsni
niss dj
djpr
prcv
cvjd
jd ne tbtbjc
jcrr oc
oc`j
`jrt
rtyy en
enrr rj
rjks
ksni
niss
rjoktjd tn tbj krhjd gnieocgt tn dcsgonsj cienrhktcni
cienrhktcni ntbjr tbki tbjcr
cdjitcty1
4. dj
djsj
sjgrk
grktcn
tcnii ne tbj rjhkci
rjhkciss ne tbn
tbnsj
sj wbn bkvj
bkvj dcjd ci tbj
gnursj ne tbj krhjd gnieocgt nr wbcoj uidjr djtjitcni, kid `rjkgb ne
duty tn tjidjr chhjdcktjoy sugb rjhkcis tn tbjcr ekhcocjs nr tn mcvj
tbjh djgjit ùrcko1
:. ek
ekco
cour
urjj tn rj
rjpn
pnrt
rt tb
tbjj cd
cdji
jitc
tcty
ty,, pj
pjrs
rsni
niko
ko gn
gnid
idct
ctcn
cnii ki
kidd
gcrguhstkigjs ne k pjrsni djprcvjd ne bcs/bjr oc`jrty enr rjksnis
rjoktjd tn tbj krhjd gnieocgt tn tbj Vkrtcjs tn jikòj tbjh tn pjrenrh
tbjcr dutcjs kid rjspnisc`coctcjs uidjr tbcs Kmrjjhjit kid uidjr
citjriktcniko buhkictkrcki okw1
5. djick
ckoo ne tb
tbjj rcm
cmbbt ne rjok
oktc
tcvj
vjss kid duoy kutb tbnnrcz
czjjd
rjprjsjitktcvjs ne k pjrsni djprcvjd ne oc`jrty enr rjksnis rjoktjd tn
tbj krhjd gnieocgt tn ciqucrj wbjtbjr k pjrsni cs ci gustndy nr uidjr
djtjitcni, tbj rjksnis enr tbj djtjitcni, uidjr wbkt gcrguhstkigjs
tbj pjrsni ci gustndy cs `jcim djtkcijd, kid tn rjqujst dcrjgtoy nr
tbrnumb hutukooy kggjptkòj citjrhjdckrcjs enr bcs/bjr nrdjroy kid
jxpjdctcnus rjojksj1
=. pr
prkg
kgtcg
tcgjs
js tb
tbkt
kt gkusj
gkusj nr koonw
koonw tbj enrgc`
enrgcòj
oj jvkgukt
jvkguktcni
cniss nr
enrgcòj
enrgcòj rj
rjgn
gnig
igji
jitrk
trktcn
tcnii ne gcv
gcvcoc
cockis
kis,, ui
uiojs
ojsss tbj sjg
sjgurc
urcty
ty ne tbj
gcvcockis civnovjd nr chpjrktcvj hcoctkry rjksnis sn djhkid1 tbj
GNHVPJBJIW
GNHVPJBJIWCUJ
;6:PCMBTW KID CITJPIKTCNIKO BZHKICTKPCKI OK]
jhjrmj
jhjr mjig
igjj ki
kidd ci
cigrgrjk
jksj
sj ne ci
citj
tjri
riko
kooy
oy dc
dcsp
spok
okgj
gjdd ek
ekhc
hcoc
ocjs
js ki
kidd
gnhhuictcjs, kid tbj djstrugtcni ne tbj ocvjs kid prnpjrty ne tbj
gcvcocki pnpuoktcni
pnpuoktcni11
2. hkci
hkcitkcic
tkcicim,
im, suppnrtcim
suppnrtcim kid tnojrktci
tnojrktcimm pkrkhcoctkr
pkrkhcoctkryy mrnups
sugb ks krhjd rjocmcnus ekiktcgko mrnups, vcmcokitj mrnups, prcvktj
krhjd mrnups ne ùscijsshji, okidonrds kid pnoctcgckis, kid prcvktj
sjgurcty kmjigcjs wbcgb krj `jcim usjd ci okid kid ok`nr dcsputjs
kid tbj cigurscnis ci Krtcgoj 3, Vkrt CCC ne tbcs Kmrjjhj
Kmrjjhjit1
it1 kid,
3. koon
koonwcim
wcim tbj
tbj pkrtcgcpkt
pkrtcgcpktcni
cni ne gcvcocki
gcvcocki nr gcvcocki
gcvcocki neecgck
neecgckos
os ci
hcoctkry ecjod npjrktcnis kid gkhpkcm
gkhpkcmis.
is.
Krtcgoj 4. Tbj prcigcpojs kid stkidkrds ne citjriktcniko buhkictkrcki
okw sbkoo ocajwcsj kppoy kid prntjgt tbj rcmbts ne pjrsnis, jitctcjs nr n`ljgts
civnovjd nr keejgtjd ci kiy ne tbj gksjs nr sctuktcnis gctjd bjrjuidjr.
;. Vjrsnis bnrs dj gnh`kt kid tbnsj wbn dn int tkaj k dcrjgt
pkrt
buhki ci rcmbts,
bnstcoctcjs krj jitctojd
pnoctcgko tn rjspjgt
gnivcgtcnis enr hnrko
kid tbjcr tbjcr ocvjs, dcmicty,
kid pbyscgko
citjmrcty kid sbkoo `j prntjgtjd ci koo gcrguhstkigjs kid trjktjd
buhkijoy wctbnut kiy kdvjrsj dcstcigtcni enuidjd ni rkgj, gnonr,
ekctb, sjx, `crtb, sngcko stkidcim nr kiy ntbjr schcokr grctjrck.
0. Tbj wnuidj
wnuidjdd kid tbj scga
scga sbkoo `j gnoojg
gnoojgtjd
tjd kid
kid gkrjd
gkrjd enr
`y tbj pkrty tn tbj krhjd gnieocgt wbcgb bks tbjh ci cts gustndy nr
rjspnisc`cocty.
7. Ijutr
trkko pj
pjrs
rsnnis nr jitc
tctc
tcjjs kid hjdcgcgkko pjrs
rsnnii
iijjo,
cigoudcim pjrsnis ne buhkictkrcki kid/nr hjdcgko nrmkiczk
nrmkiczktcnis
tcnis ocaj
tbj Citjriktcniko Gnhhcttjj ne tbj Pjd Grnss (CGPG), sbkoo `j
prntjgtjd
jqucphjitskidnerjspjgtjd.
kid Tbj jstkòcsbhjits,
jstk
tbjsj pjrsnis, òcsbhjits,
jitctcjs ekgcoctcjs, trkispnrt
ekgcoctcjs,
kid nrmkiczktcnis1 kid
n`ljgts
`jkrcim tbj jhòjh ne tbj rjd grnss kid tbj eokm ne pjkgjeuo
citjitcni1 kid bcstnrcg hniuhjits, guoturko n`ljgts kid pokgjs ne
wnrsbcp sbkoo ocajwcsj `j prntjgtjd.
4. Gcv
Gcvcoc
cocki
ki pnpuokt
pnpuoktcni
cni kid gcvcock
gcvcockis
is sbk
sbkoo
oo `j trjktjd
trjktjd ks sug
sugbb
kid sbkoo `j dcstcimucsbjd ernh gnh`ktkits kid, tnmjtbjr wctb tbjcr
prnpjrty, sbkoo int `j tbj n`ljgt ne kttkga. Tbjy sbkoo ocajwcsj `j
prntjgtjd kmkcist cidcsgrchcik
cidcsgrchciktj
tj kjrcko `nh`kr
`nh`krdhjit,
dhjit, strkecim,
krtcoojry ecrj, hnrtkr ecrj, krsni, ùoodnzcim kid ntbjr schcokr enrhs
ne djstrnycim ocvjs kid prnpjrty, ernh tbj usj ne jxponscvjs ks wjoo
ks tbj stngapcocim ijkr nr ci tbjcr hcdst, kid tbj usj ne gbjhcgk
gbjhcgkoo kid
`cnonmcgko wjkpnis.
wjkpnis.
:. Gc
Gcvc
vcoc
ocki
kiss sb
sbko
kooo bk
bkvj
vj tb
tbjj rc
rcmb
mbtt tn dj
djhk
hkid
id kp
kppr
prnp
nprc
rckktj
dcsgcpocikry kgtcnis kmkcist kùsjs krcscim ernh tbj ekcourj ne tbj
Vkrtcjs tn tbj krhjd gnieocgt tn n`sjrvj tbj prcigcpojs kid stkidkrds
ne citjriktcniko buhkictkrcki okw.
5. Koo pjrsnis
pjrsnis djprcv
djprcvjdjd ne tbjcr
tbjcr oc`jrty
oc`jrty enr rjksnis
rjksnis rjoktj
rjoktjdd tn
tbjj kr
tb krhj
hjdd gn
gnie
ieocg
ocgtt sb
sbko
kooo `j trtrjk
jktj
tjdd bu
buhk
hkij
ijoy
oy,, pr
prnv
nvcdcdjd
jd wcwctb
tb
kdjquktj ennd kid drciacim wktjr, kid `j keenrdjd skejmukrds ks
rjmkrds tn bjkotb kid bymcjij, kid `j gniecijd ci k sjgurj pokgj.
Wueecgcjit cienrhktcni sbkoo `j hkdj kvkcokòj gnigjricim pjrsnis
wbn bkvj `jji djprcvjd ne tbjcr oc`jrty. Ni buhkictkrcki nr ntbjr
rjksn
rjksnik
ikòj
òj mrn
mrnui
uids,
ds, susugb
gb pj pjrsn
rsnis
is dj
djprc
prcvj
vjdd ne oc`
oc`jrt
jrtyy sb
sbkoo
koo `j
gniscdjrjd enr skej rjojksj.
=. Tbj CGPG
CGPG kid ntbjr
ntbjr buhkictkrc
buhkictkrcki
ki kid/nr
kid/nr hjdcgko
hjdcgko jitctcjs
jitctcjs
sbkoo `j mrkitjd ekgcoctktcni kid ksscstkigj tn jikòj tbjh tn gkrj enr
tbj scg
scgaa ki
kidd tbj wnu
wnuididjd
jd ki
kidd tn ui
uidj
djrtk
rtkaj
aj tbj
tbjcr
cr buh
buhki
kictk
ctkrck
rckii
hcsscnis kid kgtcvctcjs.
2. Vjrs
Vjrsniij
niijoo kid ekgcoctcjs
ekgcoctcjs ne sgbnnos,
sgbnnos, tbj hjdcgko
hjdcgko prnejsscni
prnejsscni,,
rjocmcnus cistctutcnis kid pokgjs ne wnrsbcp, vnouitkry jvkguktcni
gjitjrs, prnmrkhs kid prnljgts ne rjocje kid djvjonphjit sbkoo int
`j tbj tkrmjt ne kiy kttkga. Tbj pjrsnis ne skcd jitctcjs sbkoo `j
mukrkitjjd
mukrkitj jd tbjcr skejty.
3. Jv
Jvjry
jry pnssc`
pnsscòj
oj hjksurj
hjksurj sbkoo
sbkoo `j tkaji,
tkaji, wctbnut
wctbnut djoky,
djoky, tn
sjkrgb enr kid gnoojgt tbj wnuidjd, scga kid hcsscim pjrsnis kid tn
prntjgt tbjh ernh kiy bkrh kid coo trjkthjit, tn jisurj tbjcr
kdjquktj gkrj kid tn sjkrgb enr tbj djkd, prjvjit djspnocktcni kid
hutcoktcni kid tn dcspnsj ne tbjh wctb rjspjgt.
Krtc
Kr tcgo
gojj :. Tb
Tbjj Vk
Vkrt
rtcj
cjss dj
djgr
gryy ko
kooo vcn
cnok
oktc
tcni
niss ne tb
tbjj pr
prci
cigc
gcpo
pojs
js ne
citjriktcniko buhkictkrcki okw. Tbjy jignurkmj koo vcgtchs ne sugb vcnoktcnis
nr tb
tbjcr
jcr sur
survcv
vcvcim
cim ek
ekhco
hcocjs
cjs tn gngnhj
hj enr
enrwkwkrd
rd wc
wctb
tb tbj
tbjcr
cr gn
gnhpo
hpokci
kcits
ts ki
kidd
jvcdjigj.
Krtcgoj
Krtcg oj 5. Tb
Tbjj pj
pjrs
rsni
niss oc
ock`
kòj
oj en
enrr vc
vcno
nokt
ktcn
cnis
is ne tb
tbjj pr
prci
cigc
gcpo
pojs
js ne
citjri
citjriktc
ktcni
niko
ko bu
buhki
hkictk
ctkrck
rckii okw sbk
sbkoo
oo `j su`
su`ljg
ljgtt tn civ
civjs
jstcm
tcmktc
ktcni
ni kikid,
d, ce
jvcdjigj wkrrkits, tn prnsjgutcni kid trcko. Tbj vcgtchs nr tbjcr survcvnrs
sbkoo `j cidjhicecjd. Koo ijgjsskry hjksurjs sbkoo `j uidjrtkaji tn rjhnvj
tbj gnidctcnis enr sugb vcnoktcnis kid tn rjidjr lustcgj tn kid cidjhicey tbj
vcgtchs.
Krtcgoj =. Tbj MPV sbkoo rjvcjw kid uidjrtkaj tn gbkimj pnocgcjs,
okws, prnmrkhs, prnljgts, gkhpkcmis kid prkgtcgjs tbkt gkusj nr koonw tbj
enrgcòj
enrgcòj jvk
jvkguk
guktcni
tcni kid rjg
rjgnigj
nigjitrk
itrktcni
tcni ne gcvc
gcvcocki
ockis,
s, tbj jhj
jhjrmj
rmjigj
igj kid
GNHVPJBJIW
GNHVPJBJIWCUJ
;6=PCMBTW KID CITJPIKTCNIKO BZHKICTKPCKI OK]
cigrjksj ne citjrikooy dcspokgjd ekhcocjs kid gnhhuictcjs kid tbj djstrugtcni

ne tbj ocvjs kid prnpjrty ne tbj gcvcocki pnpuoktcni.
Krtcgoj 2. Tbj MPV sbkoo gnitciuj tn rjvcjw cts pnocgy nr prkgtcgj ne
grjktcim, hkcitkcicim, suppnrtcim, nr koonwcim pkrkhcoctkry enrgjs ocaj tbj
Gcvc
Gcvcoc
ocki
ki KrKrhj
hjdd EnEnrg
rgjs
js Mj
Mjnm
nmrk
rkpb
pbcg
cgko
ko Zi
Zict
ctss (G
(GKE
KEMZ
MZs)s) ki
kidd Gc
Gcvc
vcoc
ocki
ki
UnouitjjrsÚ
Unouitjjr sÚ Nrmkiczktcnis (GUNs) nr kiy ntbjr schcokr mrnups.
Krtcgoj 3. Citjrikooy dcspokgjd ekhcocjs kid gnhhuictcjs sbkoo bkvj tbj
rcmbt tn rjturi tn tbjcr pokgjs ne k`ndj kid ocvjocbnnd, tn djhkid koo pnsscòj
kssc
ksscst
stki
kigj
gj ij
ijgj
gjss
sskr
kryy tn rj
rjst
stnr
nrjj tb
tbjh
jh tn tb
tbjc
jcrr in
inrh
rhko
ko oc
ocvj
vjss ki
kidd tn `j
cidjhicecjd enr dkhkmjs sueejrjd duj tn cilurcjs kid onss ne ocvjs.
Krtcgoj ;6. Tbj Vkrtcjs sbkoo prnvcdj spjgcko kttjitcni tn wnhji kid
gbcodrji tn jisurj tbjcr pbyscgko kid hnrko citjmrcty. Gbcodrji sbkoo int `j
koonwjd tn tkaj pkrt ci bnstcoctcjs.
Krtcgoj ;;. Hjdcgko, rjocmcnus kid ntbjr buhkictkrcki nrmkiczktcnis
kid tbjcrIjctbjr
Vkrtcjs. pjrsniijo
sbkoosbkoo
tbjyint
`j gkrry nut ntbjr
gnhpjoojd tksasnut
tn gkrry cichcgko tn kiykrj
tksas wbcgb ne int
tbj
gnhpktcòj wctb tbjcr buhkictkrcki tksas. Zidjr in gcrguhstkigjs sbkoo kiy
pjrsni `j puicsbjd enr bkvcim gkrrcjd nut hjdcgko kgtcvctcjs gnhpktcòj wctb
tbj prcigcpojs ne hjdcgko jtbcgs, rjmkrdojss ne wbnjvjr cs `jijectcim ernh
sugb hjdcgko kgtcvctcjs.
Krtcgoj ;0. Gcvcocki pnpuoktcni sbkoo bkvj tbj rcmbt tn `j prntjgtjd
kmkcist tbj rcsas kid dkimjrs pnsjd `y tbj prjsjigj ne hcoctkry gkhps ci
ur`ki gjitjrs kid ntbjr pnpuoktjd krjks.
Krtcgoj ;7. Tbj Vkrtcjs rjgnmiczj tbj rcmbt ne tbj pjnpoj tn djhkid tbj
rjdugtcni ne hcoctkry jxpjidcturjs kid tbj rjgbkiijocim ne skvcims ernh sugb
rjdugtcni tnwkrdsprcnrcty.
mcvji tbj bcmbjst sngcko, jgninhcg, kid guoturko djvjonphjit wbcgb sbkoo `j
Krtcgoj ;4. Tbj Vkrtcjs sbkoo prnhntj kid gkrry nut gkhpkcmis ne
jdugktcni ni citjriktcniko buhkictkrcki okw, jspjgckooy khnim tbj pjnpoj
civnovjd ci tbj krhjd gnieocgt kid ci krjks keejgtjd `y sugb gnieocgt.
VKPT U
LNCIT HNICTNPCIM GNHHCTTJJ
Krtcgoj ;. Tbj Vkrtcjs sbkoo enrh k Lncit Hnictnrcim Gnhhcttjj tbkt
sbkoo hnictnr tbj chpojhjitktcni ne tbcs Kmrjjhjit.
Krtcgoj
gbnsji `y tbj0.MPV
Tbj Gnhhcttjj sbkoo hjh`jrs
Vkijo kid tbrjj `j gnhpnsjd
tn `jnegbnsji
tbrjj hjh`jrs tn `j
`y tbj IDEV
Vkijo. Jkg
Vkijo. Jkgbb Vkr
Vkrty
ty sbk
sbkoo
oo inh
inhcik
ciktj
tj twn rjrjprj
prjsji
sjitkt
tktcvj
cvjss ne bu
buhk
hkii rcm
rcmbt
btss
nrmkiczktcnis
nrmkiczk tcnis tn sct ci tbj gnhhcttjj ks n`sjrvjrs kid tn dn sn kt tbj pojksurj
ne tbj inhciktcim Vkrty. Tbj Gnhhcttjj sbkoo bkvj gn-gbkcrpjrsnis wbn
sbkoo sjrvj ks gbcje rjprjsjitktcvjs ne tbj Vkrtcjs kid sbkoo kgt ks hndjrktnrs
ne hjjtcims.
Krtcgoj 7. Tbj gn-gbkcrpjrsnis sbkoo rjgjcvj gnhpokcits ne vcnoktcnis ne
buhk
bu hkii rc
rcmb
mbts
ts kid ci citj
tjri
rikktc
tcni
nikoko bu
buhk
hkicictk
tkrc
rcki
ki ok
okw
w ki
kidd ko kooo pj
pjrt
rtci
ciji
jitt
cien
cienrh
rhkktc
tcni
ni kid sb sbko
kooo ci
cict
ctck
cktj
tj rjrjqu
qujs
jsts
ts nr rj rjgn
gnhh
hhji
jidk
dktc
tcni
niss en
enrr tb
tbjj
chpojhjitktcni ne tbcs Kmrjjhjit. Zpni cts kpprnvko `y gnisjisus, tbj
Gnhhct
Gnh hcttjj
tjj sb
sbkoo
koo rj
rjqu
qujst
jst tbj civ civjs
jstcm
tcmktc
ktcni
ni ne k gn gnhpo
hpokci
kcitt `y tbj Vkr Vkrty
ty
gnigjrijd kid hkaj rjgnhhjidktcnis. @y gnisjisus, ct sbkoo hkaj rjpnrts
kid rjgnhhjidktcnis ni cts wnra tn tbj Vkrtcjs.
Hjjtcims ne tbj Gnhhcttjj sbkoo `j jvjry tbrjj hnitbs kid ks netji ks
djjh
djjhjd
jd ij
ijgj
gjss
sskr
kryy `y tb
tbjj gn
gn-g
-gbk
bkcr
crpj
pjrs
rsni
niss du
dujj tn ki ur
urmj
mjit
it cs
cssu
sujj nr
gnhpokcit. Tbj hjjtcims sbkoo `j bjod ci tbj Vbcocppcijs nr ci kiy ntbjr
vjiuj kmrjjd upni `y tbj Vkrtcjs.
Krtcgoj 4. Hjh`jrs ne tbj Gnhhcttjj kid tbj n`sjrvjrs sbkoo `j
jitct
jitctojd
ojd tn tbj sk
skej
ejty
ty ki
kidd ch
chhui
huicty
cty mu
mukrk
krkitj
itjjs
js stc
stcpu
puokt
oktjd
jd `y tbj Ln
Lncit
cit
Kmrjjhjit ni Wkejty kid Chhuicty Mukrkitjjs.
Krtcgoj :. Tbj Gnhhcttjj sbkoo grjktj k lncit sjgrjtkrckt tbkt sbkoo
prnvcdj stkee suppnrt. Jkgb Vkrty sbkoo inhciktj ki jquko iuh`jr ne
hjh`jrs ci tbj lncit sjgrjtkrckt wbn sbkoo sjrvj kt tbj pojksurj ne tbj
inhciktcim Vkrty.
Krtcgoj 5. Tbj Gnhhcttjj sbkoo `j nrmkiczjd upni tbj jeejgtcvcty ne
tbcs Kmrjjhjit kid sbkoo gnitciuj tn jxcst uitco dcssnovjd `y jctbjr Vkrty `y
sjidcim tn tbj ntbjr Vkrty k wrcttji intcgj ne dcssnoutcni wbcgb sbkoo tkaj
jeejgt tbcrty dkys ketjr neecgcko rjgjcpt. Dcssnoutcni ne tbj Gnhhcttjj sbkoo int
hjki
hj ki tbtbjj k`
k`ki
kidn
dnih
ihji jitt ne rc
rcmb
mbts
ts ki
kidd du
dutc
tcjs
js `y kikiyy Vk
Vkrt
rtyy ui
uidj
djrr tb
tbcs
cs
Kmrjjhjit kid uidjr tbj prcigcpojs kid stkidkrds ne buhki rcmbts kid
citjriktcniko
citjriktcni ko buhki
buhkictkrcki
ctkrcki okw.
o kw.
VKPT UC
ECIKO VPNUCWCNIW
Krtcgoj ;. Tbj Vkrtcjs sbkoo gnitciuj tn kssuhj sjpkrktj dutcjs kid
rjspnisc`coctcjs enr upbnodcim, prntjgtcim kid prnhntcim buhki rcmbts kid
tbj prcigcpojs ne citjriktcniko buhkictkrcki okw ci kggnrdkigj wctb tbjcr
rjspjgtcvj pnoctcgko prcigcpojs, nrmkiczktcnis kid gcrguhstkigjs uitco tbjy
sbkoo bkvj rjkgbjd eciko rjsnoutcni ne tbj krhjd gnieocgt.
GNHVPJBJIW
GNHVPJBJIWCUJ
;63PCMBTW KID CITJPIKTCNIKO BZHKICTKPCKI OK]
Krtcgoj 0. Tbj Vkrtcjs rjgnmiczj tbj kppocgk`cocty ne tbj prcigcpojs ne

buhki
buhki rcm
rcmbts
bts ki
kidd prc
prcig
igcpo
cpojs
js ne cit
citjr
jrikt
iktcni
cniko
ko bu
buhk
hkict
ictkr
krcki
cki okw ki
kidd tbj
gnitciucimm enrgj ne nòcmktcnis krcscim ernh tbjsj prcigcpojs.
gnitciuci
Krtcgoj 7. Intbcim ci tbj prnvcscnis ne tbcs Kmrjjhjit inr ci cts
kppo
kp pocg
cgkt
ktcn
cnii sb
sbko
kooo ke
keej
ejgt
gt tb
tbjj pn
pnoc
octc
tcgk
gkoo ki
kidd oj
ojmk
mkoo st
stkt
ktus
us ne tb
tbjj Vk
Vkrt
rtcj
cjss ci
kggnrdkigj wctb tbj Bkmuj Lncit Djgokrktcni. Wu`sjqujitoy, tbcs Kmrjjhjit
sbkoo `j su`ljgt tn tbj Gnhprjbjiscvj Kmrjjhjits ni
Vnoctcgko kid Gnistctutcniko Pjenrhs
Pjenrhs kid ni Jid ne Bnstcoctcjs kid
Dcspnsctcni ne Enrgjs. Kiy rjejrjigj tn tbj trjktcjs scmijd `y tbj MPV kid tn
cts okws kid ojmko prngjssjs ci tbcs Kmrjjhjit sbkoo int ci kiy hkiijr
prjludcgj tbj
tbj pnoctcgko kid nrmkiczk
nrmkiczktcniko
tcniko citjmrcty ne tbj IDEV.
Krtcgoj 4. Tbj Vkrtcjs hky ernh tchj tn tchj rjvcjw tbj prnvcscnis ne
tbcs Kmrjjhjit tn djtjrhcij tbj ijjd tn kdnpt k suppojhjitko kmrjjhjit nr
tn hndcey tbj prnvcscnis bjrjne ks gcrguhstkigjs rjqucrj.
Krtcgoj :. Tbcs Kmrjjhjit sbkoo `j scmijd `y tbj Ijmntcktcim Vkijos
kid sbkoo tkaj jeejgt upni kpprnvko `y tbjcr rjspjgtcvj Vrcigcpkos.
CI ]CTIJWW, wj scmi tbcs Kmrjjhjit tbcs ;5tb dky ne Hkrgb ;332 ci
Tbj Bkmuj, Tbj Ijtbjrokids.
PJEJPJIGJW
@kru
@kruk-
k-Sk
Skpp (0
(06;
6;;)
;).. Ji
Jimj
mjid
idjrjrci
cimm Dj
Djvj
vjon
onph
phji
jit<
t< Ki NvNvjr
jrvc
vcjw
jw ne tb
tbjj
Vbcocppcij Jxpjrcjigj.
Jxpjrcjigj. Ci P.U. Wkrhcjitn, Mrnw Ci Mrkgj Kid Mnvjri
Ci ]csdnh (pp. 0==-034). [ujzni Gcty< Pjx Vrcitcim Gnhpkiy, Cig.
@ksscnuic, H.G. (;335). Wjkrgbcim enr Lustcgj kid Kgbcjvcim Lustcgj< Tbj
Pkcsj enr Gnitjhpnrkry
Okw kid Kggnuitk`cocty.Vrnòjhs
Ci @ksscnuic, H.G. Durbkh,
(pp. 3-02) kid Hnrrcs, H.B.
Inrtb (Jds.),
Gkrnocik<
Duaj Zicvjrscty Wgbnno ne Okw.
@rct
@rctki
kiic
icgk
gk Gn
Gnig
igcs
csjj Ji
Jigy
gygo
gonp
npjd
jdck
ck.. @k
@krn
rnii dj Hn
Hnit
itjs
jsqu
qucj
cju.
u. Pj
Pjtr
trcj
cjvj
vjdd
Wjptjh`jr ;7, 06;7 ernh bttp<//www.kiswjrs.gnh/tnpcg/ gbkrojs-dj-
sjgnidkt-`krni-dj-hnitjsqucju.
Gnko
Gnkoct
ctcn
cnii en
enrr tb
tbjj Ci
Citj
tjri
rikt
ktcn
cnik
ikoo Gr
Grch
chci
ciko
ko Gn
Gnur
urt<
t< Gn
Gnhp
hpcocokt
ktcn
cnii ne Gn
Gnrj
rj
Dnguhjits ne tbj Citjriktcniko Grchciko Gnurt (0667). [ujzni Gcty.
Gnohjikrjs,
Gnohjikrjs, I. Vrchjr Ni Tbj Citjriktcni
Citjriktcniko
ko Grchciko Gnurt. [ujzni Gcty.
Djgokrktcni ni tbj Pcmbt ne Vjnpojs tn Vjkgj, Invjh`jr ;0, ;324.
Djgokrktcni ni tbj Pcmbt tn Djvjonphjit, Djgjh`jr 4, ;325.

;;6 BZHKI PCMBTW OK], BZHKI PCMBTW GZOTZPJ
Dcmicty enr Koo< @ucodcim k Guoturj ne Buhki Pcmbts. Pjtrcjvjd Wjptjh`jr

06, 06;7, ernh bttp<//www
bttp<//www.smcqukrtjroy.n
.smcqukrtjroy.nrm/
rm/ ejkturjs0
ejkturjs0662Ngt-;6.bth
662Ngt-;6.btho.o.
Dcnain, L.]. (;32;). Lustcgj Zidjr Wcjmj< Ecvj Tkoas.
Dnscga, ]. (;33:).
Tjkgb Mnodji Puojs,
Tbjcr Gbcodrji. Tbj Tji
Ijw Snra< Jtbcgko
Bkrpjr Ukoujs
Gnoocis Vkrjits Ijjd Tn
Vuòcsbjrs.
Drzj
Drzjwcg
wcgac,
ac, A. (;3
(;333
33)<)< Ci
Citjr
tjrik
iktcn
tcnik
ikocz
oczktc
ktcni
ni ne Bu
Buhk
hkii Pcm
Pcmbts
bts ki
kidd Tb
Tbjcr
jcr
Lurcdczktcni. Ci Bkisac, P. kid Wuasc, H. (Jds.), Ki Citrndugtcni tn tbj
Citjriktcniko
Citjriktcni ko Vrntjgtcni
V rntjgtcni ne Buhki Pcmbts (pp. 0:-4=). Turau/K`n< K`n
Kakdjhc Trygajrc.
;;4
;;;
PJEJPJIGJW
Eoci
Eocitj
tjrh
rhkki, G. (; (;33
333)
3).. Jx
Jxtr
trk-
k-Gn
Gniv
ivji
jitc
tcni
niko
ko WtWtki
kidk
dkrd
rd-W
-Wjt
jttc
tcim
im KiKidd
Chpojhjitktcni ci tbj Ecjod Ne Buhki Pcmbts. Ci Bkisac, P. kid
Wuasc, H. (Jds.), Ki Citrndugtcni tn tbj Citjriktcniko Vrntjgtcni ne
Buhki Pcmbts (pp. ;47-;:6). Turau/K`n< K`n Kakdjhc Trygajrc.
Erjjhki, H. (0660). Buhki Pcmbts. Gkh`rcdmj
Gkh`rcdmj<< Vnocty Vrjss.
Muck-
Muck-Vkd
Vkdcoo
cook,
k, T. (0
(06;;
6;;).). Vbc
Vbcocp
ocppci
pcijs
js.. Ci Ci
Citjr
tjrik
iktcn
tcnik
ikoo ]nr
]nraa Mrn
Mrnupup enr
Cidcmjin
Cidc mjinus
us Keek
Keekcrs
crs (C]M
(C]MCK).
CK). Tbj Cidc
Cidcmji
mjinus
nus ]nro
]nrodd (pp(pp.. 050
0500=6)
0=6)..
Pjtr
Pj trcj
cjvvjd Wj
Wjpptj
tjh
h`j
`jrr 06
06,, 0606;;7 ernh btt ttpp</
<//w
/ww
ww.c .cw
wmc
mckk.n
.nrrm/
rjmcnis/ksck/pbcocppcijs/236-updktj-06;;-pbcocppcijs.
Hnia, O. (0667). Tbj ]nrds ]j Ocvj @y (Snur Kiintktjd Mucdj Tn Tbj
Gnistctutcni).. Ijw Snra< Tbj Wtnijsnim Vrjss.
Gnistctutcni)
Hnrscia, L. (;333). Tbj Zicvjrsko Djgokrktcni ne Buhki Pcmbts< Nrcmcis,
Drketc
Drketcim
im kid Cit
Citji
jit.t. Vbc
Vbcokd
okdjop
jopbck
bck,, VK< Zic
Zicvj
vjrsc
rscty
ty ne Vji
Vjiisy
isyovk
ovkick
ick
Vrjss.
Huynt, K. (;333). Vbcocppcij Okw kid Lurcsprudjigj ni Buhki Pcmbts.
[ujzni Gcty< ZV Okw Gjitjr Vrcitjry.
Iktcniko Buhki
Buhki Pcmbts Gnhhcsscni ne Cidck.
Cidck. Pjtrcjvjd Wjptjh`jr
Wjptjh`jr 05, 06;7
ernh
ernh bttp
bttp</
<//w
/www
ww.j
.ji.
i.wc
wcac
acpj
pjdc
dck.
k.nr
nrm/
m/wc
wcac
ac/i
/ikt
ktcn
cnik
ikob
obuh
uhki
ki-rc
-rcmb
mbts
ts--
gnhhcsscni-ne-cidck.
Inwka, H. (;333). Tbj Citjriktcni
Citjriktcniko
ko Gnvjik
Gnvjikit
it Ni Gcvco Kid Vnoctcgko
Pcmbts. Ci Bkisac, P. kid Wuasc, H. (Jds.), Ki Citrndugtcni tn tbj
Citjriktcniko Vrntjgtcni ne Buhki Pcmbts (pp. =3-;66). Turau/K`n<
K`n Kakdjhc Trygajrc.
Vkimkic`ki, K.U. (06;;). Gcvco WngcjtyÚ s Pnoj Ci Vrnhntcim Djhngrkgy
Kid Djvjonphjit. Ci Wkrhcjitn, P.U., Mrnw Ci Mrkgj Kid Mnvjri Ci
]csdnh, Pjkdcims ci Ojmko Vbconsnpby (pp. ;75-;45). [ujzni Gcty<
Pjx Vrcitcim Gnhpkiy, Cig.
Vjmrkh, T. (06;7). ]bkt cs k Iktcniko Buhki Pcmbts Cistctutcni.
Pjtr
Pj trcj
cjvvjd Wj
Wjpptj
tjh
h`j
`jrr 07, 06;7 ern rnh
h btt
ttpp<w
<ww
ww.t.tnnhp
hpjjmrk
rkh.
h.
gnh/iktcniko-buhki-rcm
gnh/iktcnik o-buhki-rcmbts-cistctutcnis.
bts-cistctutcnis.
Vjrs
Vjrsni
niss wc
wctb
tb Dc
Dcsk
sk`c
`coc
octc
tcjs
js.. Pj
Pjtr
trcj
cjvj
vjdd Wj
Wjpt
ptjh
jh`j
`jrr 06
06,, 06
06;7
;7 er
ernh
nh bt
bttp
tp</
<///
www;.uhi.jdu/buhkirts.
Vcjgbnwcka, H. (;333). ]bkt krj Buhki Pcmbts> Tbj Gnigjpt ne Buhki
Pcmbts Kid Tbjcr Jxtrk-Ojmko Lustcecgktcni. Ci Bkisac, P. kid Wuasc,
H. (Jds.), Ki Citrndugtcni tn tbj Citjriktcniko Vrntjgtcni ne Buhki
Pcmbts (pp. 7-;4). Turau/K`n< K`n Kakdjh
Kakdjhcc Trygajrc.
;;0 BZHKI PCMBTW OK], BZHKI PCMBTW GZOTZPJ
Pjgnrd ne tbj Gnistctutcniko Gnhhcsscni (;325) (Uno. C).
Wkrhcjitn, P.U. (06;;). Mrnw ci Mrkgj Kid Mnvjri Ci ]csdnh (Pjkdcims
ci Ojmko Vbconsnpby). [ujzni Gcty< Pjx Vrcitcim Gnhpkiy, Cig.
Wbkb, Kiup. Pcmbts ne Cidcmjinus Vjnpoj. Pjtrcjvjd Wjptjh`jr 06, 06;7
ernh bttp<//ww
bttp<//www.mo
w.mon`ko
n`kocssu
cssujs.n
js.nrm/k
rm/krtcg
rtcgoj/53
oj/537/rcm
7/rcmbts-n
bts-necid
ecidcmji
cmjinus-
nus-
pjnpoj.
Wtki
Wtkidk
dkrd
rd Ji
Jigygygo
gonp
npjd
jdck
ck ne Vb
Vbco
cons
nsnp
npby
by (0
(06;
6;0)
0).. Ln
Lnbi
bi On
Onga
gaj.
j. Pj
Pjtr
trcj
cjvj
vjdd
Wjptjh`jr 07, 06;7 ernh bttp<//www.poktn.stkienrd.jdu/ jitrcjs/ongaj.
Wtkienrd Jigygonpjdck ne Vbconsnpby (06;;). Ljki Lkgqujs Pnussjku.
Pjtr
Pjtrcj
cjvj
vjdd Wj
Wjpt
ptjh
jh`j
`jrr ;7
;7,, 06
06;7
;7 er
ernh
nh bt bttp
tp</
<//w
/www
ww.p
.pok
oktn
tn.s
.stk
tkie
ienr
nrd.
d.
jdu/jitrcjs/rnussjku.
Wtjcijr, B. kid Kostni, V. (0666). Citjriktcniko Buhki Pcmbts Ci Gnitjxt.
Okw, Vnoctcgs Hnrkos. Nxenrd< Nxenrd Zicvjrscty Vrjss.
Tbj Bnoy @còj.
Tbjj Buhk
Tb Buhkii Pcmcmbt
btss ne ]n
]nhj
hji<
i< Kdvk
Kdvkig
igci
cimm Bu
Buhk
hkii PcPcmb
mbts
ts<< ZI
ZIEVEVK.
K.
Pjtr
Pjtrcj
cjvvjd Wj
Wjpptj
tjh
h`j
`jrr ;3, 06;
6;77 erernnh btt
ttpp</
<//w
/wwww.
w.nnrm/
m/rrcm
cmbt
btss/
wnhji.bth.
Tbj Anrki.
Tbj Pcmbt tn Djvjonphjit kt K Mokigj. Pjtrcjvjd Wjptjh`jr 06, 06;7 ernh
bttp<//www.ui.nrm/ji/jvjits.
Tbrjj Mjijrktcnis ne Buhki Pcmbts. Pjtrcjvjd Wjptjh`jr 0;, 06;7 ernh
bttp<//ji.wcacpjdck.nrm/wcac/tbr
bttp<//ji.wcacpjdck.nrm/wcac/tbrjj-mjijr
jj-mjijrktcnis-ne-buhk
ktcnis-ne-buhkircmbts.
ircmbts.
Tcrugbjovkh, I. kid Gnnhkrkswkhy, P. (;32=). Tbj Pnoj ne tbj Ludcgckry
ci Vourko Wngcjtcjs.
W ngcjtcjs. Onidni< Erkigjs Vcitjr Vuòcsbjrs.
Zmkidk Buhki Pcmbts Gnhhcsscni. Pjtrcjvjd Wjptjh`jr 05, 06;7 ernh

bttp<//www.ijt/ibrc/ic/ecojs.
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BZHKI PCMBTW OK],

BZHKI PCMBTW GZOTZPJ

Vu`ocsbjd & Dcstrc`utjd `y

2:5 Icgkinr Pjyjs, Wr. Wt.

In pnrtcni ne tbcs `nna hky `j gnpcjd nr rjprndugjd ci

Typnmrkpby & Grjktcvj Octbnmrkpby

Onrjttk Kii V. Pnskojs

Tbj ;32= Gnistctutcni Û

TBJ IKTZPJ NE BZHKI PCMBTW

Buhki Pcmbts kr krjj tb

kid djtjitcni1 rcmbt tn krcmbt

Tbj tbrjj (7) prcigcpojs ne buhki rcmbts krj uicvjrskocty, cidcvcsc`cocty,

Buhki rcmbts krj cibjrjit, cikocjik`oj, kid uicvjrsko.

Tbj tbrjj (7) stkmjs ne buhki rcmbts krj cdjkoczktcni, pnsctcvczktcni,

Tbrjj N`ocmktcnis ne Wtktj Vkrtcjs

ijmktcvj gbkrkgtjr ne gcvco kid pnoctcgko rcmbts, gnhhkidcim Wtktj Vkrtcjs tn

cistctutcnis (p. 2=).

WNZPGJW KID ENZIDKTCNIW

Tbj ;32= Gnistctutcni

Tbj Citjriktcniko @coo ne Pcmbts

tbj enrhuoktcni ne tbj Zicvjrsko Djgokrktcni ne Buhki Pcmbts, tbj Jimocsb

GCUCO KID VNOCTCGKO PCMBTW

@coo ne Pcmbts Ci Tbj ;32= Gnistctutcni

Gnhprjbjiscvj Kmrjjhjit ni Pjspjgt enr Buhki Pcmbts

gnhhuictcjs ci tbj Vbcocppcijs tn kutninhy, tn tbjcr kigjstrko okids kid tbj

Zicvjrsko Djgokrktcni ne Buhki Pcmbts

Citjriktcniko Gnvjikit ni Gcvco kid Vnoctcgko Pcmbts

Budmji vs. Iktcniko Ok`nr Pjoktcnis @nkrd, 404 Z.W. :6=

JGNINHCG, WNGCKO, KID GZOTZPKO

Wngcko Lustcgj kid Buhki Pcmbts

Citjriktcniko Gnvjikit ni Jgninhcg, Wngcko, kid Guoturko

@jrikrdn vs. IOPG, M.P. In. ;003;=, Luoy ;0, ;333

Vjkgj, Djvjonphjit, Jivcrnihjit

Bkzkrdnus ]kstjs kid Tbjcr Dcspnsko, tbj ;330 Gnivjitcni ni @cnonmcgko

]nhji, Gbcodrji, Vjrsnis ]ctb Dcsk`coctcjs, Cidcmjinus

Vjrsnis ]ctb Dcsk`coctcjs (V]Ds)

jodjrs, vcgtchs ne tnrturj, rjeumjjs, dcspokgjd pjrsnis kid chhcmrkit wnrajrs

Hkmik Gkrtk ne ]nhji (0663)

PJHJDCJW KID VPNGJDZPJ

UCNOKTCNIW KID BZHKI PCMBTW K@ZWJW

ksskuot, nrcmciktcim ernh Wtktj kid ini-Wtktj kgtnrs, rjhjdcjs hust `j ci

Tbj Pjpnrtcim Pjqucrjhjit

Tbj Citjriktcniko Grchciko Gnurt

Tbj Vu`ocg ;07: Vrngjdurj

Tbj Gniecdjitcko ;:67 Vrngjdurj

Wpjgcko Gnuitry Pkppnrtjurs kid Tbjhktcg Pkppnrtjurs

Tbj ntbjr cistruhjit djvjonpjd ci tbj jkroy ;326s cs tbj tbjhktcg

VPJUJITCUJ HJGBKICWHW CI TBJ

Tbj Neecgj ne tbj ZI Bcmb Gnhhcsscnijr enr Buhki Pcmbts

rcmbts kid su`hcttcim rjgnhhjidktcnis tn tbjh, wctb k vcjw tn

Iktcniko Buhki Pcmbts Cistctutcnis

Ini-Mnvjrihjitko Nrmkiczktcnis (IMNs)

TBJ LZDCGCKPS, TBJ KGKDJHJ, KID TBJ

Buhki Pcmbts Guoturj

Ð C kh gnivcigjd tbkt tbj djvjonphjit ne k guoturj ne buhki

Ci k wnrasbnp bjod kt Ajiyk ci ;32:, lustcgjs, ludmjs, okwyjrs, ojmko

TBJ PNKD KBJKD

Wjgtcni :. Tbj hkcitjikigj ne pjkgj kid nrdjr, tbj prntjgtcni ne ocej,

Wjgtcni ;. In pjrsni sbkoo `j djprcvjd ne ocej, oc`jrty, nr prnpjrty

Wjgtcni ;6. In okw chpkcrcim tbj n`ocmktcni ne gnitrkgts sbkoo `j

Wjgtcni ;. Tbj Gnimrjss sbkoo mcvj bcmbjst prcnrcty tn tbj jikgthjit ne

KMPKPCKI KID IKTZPKO PJWNZPGJW PJENPH

ZP@KI OKID PJENPH KID BNZWCIM