1st Quarter

Friday, 24 February 2023 10:47 am

Nutrition Activities by which living things obtain raw Excretion Non-Mendelian Genetics:
- One is considered a living thing when it possesses the 7 materials from the environment and transport (removal of waste) - Co-Dominance
characters of life. them into their cells ○ When both alleles are expressed equally
- Plants are considered AUTOTROPHS, produces their own PLANTS ANIMALS ▪ Ex. White + red petals
Respiration A process that requires oxygen; • Photosynthesis - Excretion System - Incomplete Dominance
food CO2 is produced and must be removed by the
- Animals are considered HETEROTHROPIC, cannot produce • Respiration - Cellular System ○ When both are present/blended
body; • Transportation ▪ Ex. BB x bb = 100% Bb
their own food. where metabolism takes place
- Plants : Photosynthesis ▪ Black + White = Grey
- Animals : Cellular Respiration Heterotrophic A mode that depends only on some living things to Chemical Occurs in the cells of living organisms all the time to ○ Intermediate dominance
- Plants: (-tropism) Nutrition get food Reaction carry out the life processes - Sex-linked traits
○ Thermotropism Herbivores Only eats plants ○ Not only carries the genes that determine male and female traits but also those for some
Excretion The removal of metabolic waste products from the other characteristics as well
○ Phototropism body of an organism
Carnivores Only eats meat ○ Basta katu XX ug XY
○ Geotropism
○ Thigmotropism Omnivores Eats both plants and meat Oxygen Waste/product produced during photosynthesis
○ Hydrotropism Carbon Waste/product produced in respiration - Polygenic Trait
Parasitic Organisms that get their nutrition by attaching
- Animals: (-taxis) Dioxide ○ A combination of genes
Nutrition themselves or to a host
○ Geotaxis - Pleiotropy
Saprophytic Get nutrients from things that are decomposing Water The waste removed during transpiration ○ One gene to many traits
○ Chemotaxis Nutrition
○ Aerotaxis Excretory Helps maintain internal chemical homeostasis and
○ Phototaxis Photosynthesis A process where plants use light from the sun to System prevents damage to the body Central Dogma
○ Thigmotaxis convert CO2 from the air and water from the soil Cellular Metabolic reactions and processes that take place - The process by which the instructions in DNA are converted into a functional product
into sugar to feed plants and provide O2 into the - 1958 by Francis Crich
○ Chemotaxis respiration in the cell of organisms to convert biochemical
air energy from nutrients into ATP Gene Expressions
- Phototropism - light response in Plants
- Transcription
○ Positive Phototropism - growth towards light source Thigmotropism A movement in response to touch or contact
○ DNA to RNA
○ Negative Phototropism - growth away from the light Geotropism Growth in plants in response to gravity Gregor Mendel ○ Nucleus
- 3 processes of excretion - Discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance
Chemotaxis Migratory response that is elicited by chemicals - Replication
○ Photosynthesis - Law of Segregation ○ Old DNA to new DNA
○ Respiration Thermotropism Movement in response to heat ○ Each inherited trait is defined by a gene pair ○ Nucleus
○ transpiration Phototaxis Animal's response towards/away from stimulus ○ Gene separates from each other so that each gamete - Translation
carries only one allele for each gene ○ RNA to Proteins
Hydrotropism Plants movement in response to water ○ Two alleles to form a gamete ○ Site - Cytoplasm
Cellular - Characteristic of life Phototropism -plants movement in response to light - Law of Independent Assortment
Organization - Means that living things are made of cells -movement in response to chemicals ○ Genes are sorted separately from one another
- Law of Dominance DNA RNA
Types of - Sexual (Humans) Irritability An excitation response to stimulus
Reproduction - Asexual (Bacteria) ○ Alternate forms of a gene that expresses the for that is Adenine Uracil
dominant
Asexual -when a single cell divides to form two daughter ADAPTABILITY Thymine Thymine
○ Off-springs will exhibit only the dominant train In the
cells that are genetically identical to parent cells phenotype Cytosine Cytosine
sexual -producing offspring w/ the union of gametes PLANTS ANIMALS ○ Dominant Trait: Guanine Guanine
- Hydrophytes - Living together ▪ One of the traits will always suppress the other,
Homeostasis - Maintains a stable internal environment
- Hygrophytes - Mitigation thereby expressing itself
- The ability of the organism to maintain
- Halophytes - Hibernation ○ Recessive Trait
internal condition Recombined DNA
- Xerophytes - Artificial Bigness ▪ The suppressed trait
Heredity Genetic information passed down from - DNA made artificially
- Mesophytes - Camouflage Allele
generation to another STEPS:
- Mimicry - One or two more versions of a gene
1. DNA Extraction
Adaptation The ability to change overtime in response to - phytes - refers to a Homozygous
a. Extract DNA's from desired organism
the environment taxonomic group of - If two alleles are the same
2. Gene Cloning
plants/algae Heterozygous
Stimuli Detectable change om the internal and external a. Cloning to separate single gene from the next of the genes extracted
- If the alleles are different
environment; 3. Gene Design
the reason behind every action or response a. Genetic engineers design the gene to work once inside a different organism
4. Transformation
Irritability Organisms ability to respond to stimuli
a. Inserted into the cell
Reproduction The process by which plants and animals 5. Backcross Breeding
produce off-springs a. Crossed w/ elite breeding lines using traditional plant breeding methods to combine the
Ovule The egg in carpel of the plants desired traits of elite parents of the transgene into a single line
Applications of Recombined DNA:
Gonads Organs producing the reproductive cell
- Food industry
- Pharmaceutical Industry
- Medical Research
- Agricultural Industry

STM 008 Page 1