Nutrition Activities by which living things obtain raw

GEN BIO POOOOO materials from the environment and transpor

them into their cells
Respiration A process that requires oxygen;
• One is considered a living thing when it possesses CO2 is produced and must be removed by the
the 7 characters of life. body;
• Plants are considered AUTOTROPHS, produces their where metabolism takes place
own food
• Animals are considered HETEROTHROPIC, cannot Heterotrophic A mode that depends only on some living thin
produce their own food. Nutrition get food
• Plants : Photosynthesis Herbivores Only eats plants
• Animals : Cellular Respiration
Carnivores Only eats meat
• Plants: (-tropism)
o Thermotropism Omnivores Eats both plants and meat
o Phototropism Parasitic Organisms that get their nutrition by attachin
o Geotropism Nutrition themselves or to a host
o Thigmotropism
o Hydrotropism Saprophytic Get nutrients from things that are decomposi
• Animals: (-taxis) Nutrition
o Geotaxis Photosynthesis A process where plants use light from the sun
o Chemotaxis convert CO2 from the air and water from the
o Aerotaxis into sugar to feed plants and provide O2 into
o Phototaxis air
o Thigmotaxis
Thigmotropism A movement in response to touch or contact
o Chemotaxis
• Phototropism - light response in Plants Geotropism Growth in plants in response to gravity
o Positive Phototropism - growth towards light Chemotaxis Migratory response that is elicited by chemic
source
o Negative Phototropism - growth away from
Thermotropism Movement in response to heat
the light Phototaxis Animal's response towards/away from stimul
• 3 processes of excretion Hydrotropism Plants movement in response to water
o Photosynthesis
o Respiration Phototropism -plants movement in response to light
o transpiration -movement in response to chemicals

Cellular • Characteristic of life Irritability An excitation response to stimulus

Organization • Means that living things
are made of cells ADAPTABILITY
PLANTS
Types of • Sexual (Humans) • Hydrophytes
Reproduction • Asexual (Bacteria) • Hygrophytes
• Halophytes
Asexual -when a single cell divides to form two
• Xerophytes
daughter cells that are genetically
• Mesophytes
identical to parent cells

sexual -producing offspring w/ the union of • phytes - refers to a taxonomic group of plants/algae
gametes ANIMALS
• Living together
Homeostasis • Maintains a stable • Mitigation
internal environment • Hibernation
• The ability of the • Artificial Bigness
organism to maintain • Camouflage
internal condition • Mimicry
Heredity Genetic information passed down from
generation to another Excretion
(removal of waste)
Adaptation The ability to change overtime in
response to the environment
PLANTS ANIMALS
Stimuli Detectable change om the internal and • Photosynthesis - Excretion
external environment; System
the reason behind every action or • Respiration - Cellular System
response • Transportation

Irritability Organisms ability to respond to stimuli Chemical Occurs in the cells of living organisms
Reproduction The process by which plants and animals Reaction all the time to carry out the life
produce off-springs processes
Excretion The removal of metabolic waste
Ovule The egg in carpel of the plants
products from the body of an
Gonads Organs producing the reproductive cell organism
Oxygen Waste/product produced during
photosynthesis
 Carbon Waste/product produced in • Replication
Dioxide respiration o Old DNA to new DNA
o Nucleus
Water The waste removed during
• Translation
transpiration o RNA to Proteins
Excretory Helps maintain internal chemical o Site - Cytoplasm
System homeostasis and prevents damage to
the body DNA RNA
Cellular Metabolic reactions and processes Adenine Uracil
respiration that take place in the cell of
organisms to convert biochemical Thymine Thymine
energy from nutrients into ATP Cytosine Cytosine
Guanine Guanine
Gregor Mendel
• Discovered the fundamental laws of
inheritance Recombined DNA
• Law of Segregation • DNA made artificially
o Each inherited trait is defined by a
STEPS:
gene pair 1. DNA Extraction
o Gene separates from each other so
a. Extract DNA's from desired organism
that each gamete carries only one 2. Gene Cloning
allele for each gene a. Cloning to separate single gene from the
o Two alleles to form a gamete
next of the genes extracted
• Law of Independent Assortment 3. Gene Design
o Genes are sorted separately from
a. Genetic engineers design the gene to work
one another once inside a different organism
• Law of Dominance 4. Transformation
o Alternate forms of a gene that
a. Inserted into the cell
expresses the for that is dominant 5. Backcross Breeding
o Off-springs will exhibit only the
a. Crossed w/ elite breeding lines using
dominant train In the phenotype traditional plant breeding methods to
o Dominant Trait:
combine the desired traits of elite parents of
• One of the traits will always the transgene into a single line
suppress the other, thereby Applications of Recombined DNA:
expressing itself • Food industry
o Recessive Trait
• Pharmaceutical Industry
• The suppressed trait • Medical Research
Allele • Agricultural Industry
• One or two more versions of a gene
Homozygous
• If two alleles are the same
Heterozygous
• If the alleles are different

Non-Mendelian Genetics:
• Co-Dominance
o When both alleles are expressed equally
• Ex. White + red petals
• Incomplete Dominance
o When both are present/blended
• Ex. BB x bb = 100% Bb
• Black + White = Grey
o Intermediate dominance
• Sex-linked traits
o Not only carries the genes that determine
male and female traits but also those for
some other characteristics as well
o Basta katu XX ug XY

• Polygenic Trait
o A combination of genes
• Pleiotropy
o One gene to many traits

Central Dogma
• The process by which the instructions in DNA are
converted into a functional product
• 1958 by Francis Crich
Gene Expressions
• Transcription
o DNA to RNA
o Nucleus