Assignment two

Name: Haben mekonen Negid

Id no. mit/ur/1064/10

Submitted to: instructor luel

Submission date: 18/04/2016 E.C

1
Contents
ANSWER Q1 .................................................................................................................................................. 2
ANSWER Q 2.................................................................................................................................................. 4
ANSWER Q3 .................................................................................................................................................. 6
ANSWER Q4 .................................................................................................................................................. 7
Answer Q5................................................................................................................................................... 11
Answer Q 6 .................................................................................................................................................. 14
ANSWER Q 7................................................................................................................................................ 18

ANSWER Q1
GIVEN

𝒅𝒄𝟏
𝒅𝒑𝟏
=IFC1=30+0.12P1 RS/MWh 30≤P1≤150MW

𝒅𝒄𝟐
=IFC2=40+0.20P2 RS/MWh 20≤P2≤100 MW
𝒅𝒑𝟐

𝒅𝒄𝟑
=IFC3=10+0.16P3 RS/MWh 50≤P3≤250 MW
𝒅𝒑𝟑

Using the equal incremental cost rule:

30+0.12P1=λ 40+0.20P2=λ 10+0.16P3=λ

P1= (λ-30)/0.12 P2= (λ-40)/0.2 P3= (λ-10)/0.16

2
And also the total load of the system is:

PD=P1+P2+P3=310

Then (λ-30)/0.12 + (λ-40)/0.2 + (λ-10)/0.16 =310

19.58λ=822.3

λ=41.9969 RS/MWh

Then now we can calculate the powers

P1= (λ-30)/0.12 P2= (λ-40)/0.2 P3= (λ-10)/0.16

= (41.9969-30)/0.12 = (41.9969-40)/0.2 = (41.9969 -10)/0.16

P1=100MW P2 =10MW P3 =200MW

These values satisfy the load demand of 310 MW but not the individual power limits of
each plant. P2<P2min.therefore P2 is set at the min. value of 20MW.

Then P1+P3=310-20=290MW. This power has to be scheduled between unit 1 and unit 3.

Hence:

30+0.12P1=λ 10+0.16P3=λ

( λ -30)/0.12 + (λ-10)/0.16=290

λ =41.31438

Then now we can calculate the powers

P1= (λ-30)/0.12 P3= (λ-10)/0.16

= (41.31438-30)/0.12 = (41.31438-10)/0.16

P1 =94.2865MW P3 =195.714875MW

Then P1 =94.2865MW, P3 =195.714875MW, P1=20

These values satisfy both the load demand of 310 MW and the individual power limits of
each plant.

3
ANSWER Q 2
Given

F1=0.000142(p1)2+7.2P1+ 510 150≤P1≤600 FC1=0.9 RS/MBtu

F2=0.00194(p2)2+7.33P2+310 100≤P2≤400 FC2=1 RS/MBtu

F3=0.00482(p3)2+7.97P3+78 50≤P3≤200 FC3=1 RS/MBtu

First we should differentiate the fuel rate

df1/dp1=IFR1=0.000284P1+7.2

df2/dp2=IFR2=0.00388P2+7.33

df3/dp3=IFR3=0.00964P3+7.97

Second we should calculate IFC(Incremental fuel cost) using the formula below

IFC in Rs /MWh= (Incremental fuel rate in MBtu/MWh) (Fuel cost in Rs./MBtu)

IFC1=IFR1*FC1= (0.000284P1+7.2)* 0.9 =0.0002556P1+6.48

IFC2=IFR1*FC2= (0.00388P2+7.85)*1 =0.00388P2+7.85

IFC3=IFR3*FC3= (0.00964P3+7.97)*1 =0.00964P3+7.97

P1+P2+P3=850MW equation 1

IFC3= IFC2= IFC1 equation 2

From equation 2:

4
 P1=1.82P2+305.48

P2=2.48P3+30.93

P3=850-P1-P2 ………substitute P1&P2 to P3 becomes

P3=850-P1-P2=850-(1.82(2.48P3+30.93) +305.48) - (2.48P3+30.93)

=850-4.5P3-56.3+305.48-2.4893+30.93

7.98P3=1130

P3=141.6

P2=2.48P3+30.93=2.48(141.6) +30.93=382.1

P2=382.1

P1=1.82P2+305.48=1.82(382.1) +305.48=998.9

P1=998.9

Which is above the limit then

We make P1= upper limit which is=600MW then find P1&P2:

P2+P3=250, 2.4P3+30.93+P3=250

3.48P3=219.07, P2=2.48(62.95) +30.93

P3=62.95MW P2=187.046MW

Then the optimal scheduling is P1=600MW P3=62.95MW P3=62.95MW

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ANSWER Q3
Using the equal incremental cost rule:

𝐈𝐂𝟏 = 𝐈𝐂𝟐 = 𝐈𝐂𝟑 = 𝛌

𝐏𝐓 = 𝐏𝐆𝟏 + 𝐏𝐆𝟐 + 𝐏𝐆𝟑 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎

[−𝟏𝟎𝟎 + 𝟓𝟎(𝐈𝐂) − 𝟐(𝑰𝑪)𝟐 ] + [−𝟏𝟓𝟎 + 𝟔𝟎(𝐈𝐂) − 𝟐. 𝟓(𝑰𝑪)𝟐 ] + [−𝟖𝟎 + 𝟒𝟎(𝐈𝐂) − 𝟏. 𝟖(𝑰𝑪)𝟐 ] =
𝟒𝟎𝟎

𝟔. 𝟑(𝑰𝑪)𝟐 − 𝟏𝟓𝟎(𝐈𝐂) + 𝟕𝟑𝟎 = 𝟎

𝟏𝟓𝟎±√𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟐 −𝟒(𝟔.𝟑)(𝟕𝟑𝟎)
Using quadratic equation 𝑰𝑪 = 𝟐(𝟔.𝟑)

Solving we get to solutions: 𝑰𝑪 = 𝟔. 𝟖𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑰𝑪 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟗𝟖𝟗 𝑹𝒔./𝑴𝑾𝑯𝒓

The lower and economical value is considered for further analysis:
𝑰𝑪 = 𝟔. 𝟖𝟐𝑹𝒔./𝑴𝑾𝑯𝒓

We have 𝐏𝟏 = −𝟏𝟎𝟎 + 𝟓𝟎(𝟔. 𝟖𝟐) − 𝟐(𝟔. 𝟖𝟐)𝟐

𝐏𝟏 = 𝟏𝟒𝟖 𝑴𝑾
𝐏𝟐 = −𝟏𝟓𝟎 + 𝟔𝟎(𝟔. 𝟖𝟐) − 𝟐. 𝟓(𝟔. 𝟖𝟐)𝟐
𝐏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟒𝟐. 𝟗 𝑴𝑾
𝐏𝐆𝟑 = −𝟖𝟎 + 𝟒𝟎(𝟔. 𝟖𝟐) − 𝟏. 𝟖(𝟔. 𝟖𝟐)𝟐
𝐏𝟑 = 𝟏𝟎𝟗. 𝟏 𝑴𝑾

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 ANSWER Q4

a) For Optimal operation the IFC is calculated by differential equation as follows:

𝒅𝒄𝟏
=IFC1=5.3+0.008P1 $/MWh 200≤P1≤450MW
𝒅𝒑𝟏

𝒅𝒄𝟐
=IFC2=5.5+0.012P2 $/MWh 150≤P2≤350 MW
𝒅𝒑𝟐

𝒅𝒄𝟑
=IFC3=5.8+0.018P3 $/MWh 100≤P3≤225 MW
𝒅𝒑𝟑

IFC1= IFC2 =IFC3= λ

5.3+0.008P1=5.5+0.012P2=5.8+0.018P3= λ

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 P1= (λ-5.3)/0.008 P2= (λ-5.5)/0.012 P3= (λ-5.8)/ 0.018
And also P1+P2+P3=750
From this (λ-5.3)/0.008 + (λ-5.5)/0.012 + (λ-5.8)/ 0.018 =750
λ =8.31 $/MWh
Substituting for λ
At P1 P1= (λ-5.3)/0.008
P1= (8.31-5.3)/0.008
P1 =376.3MW
At P2 P2= (λ-5.5)/0.012
P2= (8.31-5.5)/0.012
P2= 234.17MW
At P3 P3= (λ-5.8)/ 0.018
P3= (8.31-5.8)/ 0.018
P3= 139.44MW
Then to find the total cost CT=c1 (p1) +c2 (p2) +c3 (p3)
P1 at C1 C1=450+5.3(376.3) +0.004(376.3)2
C1=3010.8 $/h

C2=350+5.5(234.17) +0.006(234.17)2
c2=1966.95$/h
P3 at P3 c3=150+5.8(139.44)0.009(139.44)2

C3=1133.74$/h
CT=c1 (p1) +c2 (p2) +c3 (p3)
=3010.8 $/h+1966.95$/h+1133.74$/
CT
Then the total cost per hour is C =6111.5$/h
T

Then
𝟕𝟓𝟎
B) For equal sharing 𝑷𝟏 = 𝑷𝟐 = 𝑷 𝟑 = = 𝟐𝟓𝟎 𝑴𝑾
𝟑
Then 𝑪𝑻 = 𝑪𝟏(𝒑𝟏) + 𝑪𝟐(𝒑𝟐) + 𝑪𝟑(𝒑𝟑)

𝑪𝟏 = 𝟒𝟓𝟎 + 𝟓. 𝟑(𝟐𝟓𝟎) + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒(𝟐𝟓𝟎)𝟐

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 𝑪𝟏 = 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟓 $/𝒉
𝑪𝟐 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎 + 𝟓. 𝟓(𝟐𝟓𝟎) + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔(𝟐𝟓𝟎)𝟐
𝑪𝟐 = 𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟎 $/𝒉
𝑪𝟑 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎 + 𝟓. 𝟖(𝟐𝟓𝟎) + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗(𝟐𝟓𝟎)𝟐

𝑪𝟑 = 𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟐. 𝟓 $/𝒉

Then 𝑪𝑻 = 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟓 $/𝒉 + 𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟎 $/𝒉 + 𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟐. 𝟓 $/𝒉

𝑪𝑻 = 𝟔𝟐𝟖𝟕. 𝟓 $/𝒉
The annual saving in cost is
𝑨𝒏𝒏𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 = (𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒅 − 𝒐𝒑𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒂𝒍) × 𝟖𝟕𝟔𝟎 𝑯𝒓
𝑨𝒏𝒏𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 = (𝟔𝟐𝟖𝟕. 𝟓 − 𝟔𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟓) × 𝟖𝟕𝟔𝟎 𝑯𝒓
𝑨𝒏𝒏𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 = 𝟏, 𝟓𝟒𝟏, 𝟕𝟔𝟎 $

C)

𝒅𝒄𝟏
=IFC1=5.3+0.008P1 $/MWh 200≤P1≤450MW
𝒅𝒑𝟏

𝒅𝒄𝟐
=IFC2=5.5+0.012P2 $/MWh 150≤P2≤350 MW
𝒅𝒑𝟐

𝒅𝒄𝟑
=IFC3=5.8+0.018P3 $/MWh 100≤P3≤225 MW
𝒅𝒑𝟑

IFC1= IFC2 =IFC3= λ

5.3+0.008P1=5.5+0.012P2=5.8+0.018P3= λ
P1= (λ-5.3)/0.008 P2= (λ-5.5)/0.012 P3= (λ-5.8)/ 0.018
And also P1+P2+P3=925
From this (λ-5.3)/0.008 + (λ-5.5)/0.012 + (λ-5.8)/ 0.018 =750
λ =8.97 $/MWh

Substituting for 𝛌

9
 For 𝑷𝟏
𝟖.𝟗𝟕−𝟓.𝟑
𝑷𝟏 =
𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟖

𝑷𝟏 = 𝟒𝟓𝟖. 𝟕𝟓𝑴𝑾
For 𝑷𝟐

𝟖. 𝟗𝟕 − 𝟓. 𝟓
𝑷𝟐 =
𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐
𝑷𝟐 = 𝟐𝟖𝟗. 𝟏𝟕𝑴𝑾
For 𝑷𝟑
𝟖. 𝟗𝟕 − 𝟓. 𝟖
=
𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟖
𝑷𝟑 = 𝟏𝟕𝟔. 𝟏𝟏𝑴𝑾
Thus 𝑷𝟏 > 𝑷𝒎𝒂𝒙𝟏 (𝒊. 𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝟐𝟎𝟎 ≤ 𝑷𝟏 ≤ 𝟒𝟓𝟎 𝑴𝑾) and𝑷𝟐 , 𝑷𝟑 are within the limits. In
such cases for optimal operation we set 𝑷𝟏 = 𝑷𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝟏 = 𝟒𝟓𝟎 𝑴𝑾 and hence the total
load to be shared only between the unit 2 and unit 3 is:
𝟗𝟐𝟓 𝑴𝑾 − 𝟒𝟓𝟎 𝑴𝑾 = 𝟒𝟕𝟓 𝑴𝑾
Now, for optimal operation,𝑰𝑪𝟐 = 𝑰𝑪𝟑 𝒊. 𝒆. , 𝟓. 𝟓 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐𝑷𝟐 = 𝟓. 𝟖 +
𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟖𝑷𝟑 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑷𝟐 + 𝑷𝟑 = 𝟒𝟕𝟓
P2= (λ-5.5)/0.012 P3= (λ-5.8)/ 0.018
And also P2+P3=475
(λ -5.5)/0.012 + (λ-5.8)/ 0.018=475
λ = 𝟗. 𝟎𝟒 $/𝑴𝑾𝒉

Thus to find 𝑷𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑷𝟑 :

P2= (λ-5.5)/0.012
P2= (9.04-5.5)/0.012
P2=295
P3= (λ-5.8)/ 0.018
P3= (9.04-5.8)/0.012
P3=180

𝐭𝐡𝐮𝐬 𝑷𝟐 = 𝟐𝟗𝟓𝑴𝑾, 𝑷𝟑 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝑴𝑾 𝒘𝒊𝒕𝒉 𝑷𝟏 = 𝑷𝒎𝒂𝒙

𝟏 = 𝟒𝟓𝟎𝑴𝑾.
Total cost 𝑪𝑻 = 𝑪𝟏 + 𝑪𝟐 + 𝑪𝟑
𝑪𝟏 = 𝟒𝟓𝟎 + 𝟓. 𝟑(𝟒𝟓𝟎) + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒(𝟒𝟓𝟎)𝟐
𝑪𝟏 = 𝟐𝟖𝟑𝟓 $/𝒉
𝑪𝟐 = 𝟑𝟓𝟎 + 𝟓. 𝟓(𝟐𝟗𝟓) + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟔(𝟐𝟗𝟓)𝟐

10
 $
𝑪𝟐 = 𝟐𝟒𝟗𝟒. 𝟔𝟓
𝒉
𝑪𝟑 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎 + 𝟓. 𝟖(𝟏𝟖𝟎) + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟗(𝟏𝟖𝟎)𝟐
𝑪𝟑 = 𝟏𝟒𝟖𝟓. 𝟔 $/𝒉
𝑪𝑻 = 𝟐𝟖𝟑𝟓 $/𝒉 + 𝟐𝟒𝟗𝟒. 𝟔𝟓 $/𝒉 + 𝟏𝟒𝟖𝟓. 𝟔 $/𝒉
𝑪𝑻 = 𝟕𝟔𝟐𝟓. 𝟐𝟓 $/𝒉

Answer Q5
𝒅𝒄𝟏
=0.016p1+7:
𝒅𝒑𝟏

𝒅𝒄𝟐
=0.018p2+6.3:
𝒅𝒑𝟐

11
 𝒅𝒄𝟑
=0.014p3+6.8:
𝒅𝒑𝟑

𝝏𝑷𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒔 𝝏𝑷𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒔 𝝏𝑷𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒔

=0.00042p1: =0.000456p2: =0.000358p3:
𝝏𝑷𝟏 𝝏𝑷𝟐 𝝏𝑷𝟑

The coordination equation is:

𝒅𝒄𝒊 𝝏𝑷𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒔
+𝛌 = 𝛌, i=1, 2, 3
𝒅𝒑𝒊 𝝏𝑷𝒊

Equation 1:
0.016p1+7+ 𝛌 (0.00042p1) =λ
0.018p2+6.3+ 𝛌(0.000456p2) =λ
0.014p3+6.8+ 𝛌(0.000358p3) =λ
Given: Assume that take starting values of P1=40, P2=60 and P3=50.
𝝏𝑷𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒔
=0.00042p1=0.00042*40=0.0168
𝝏𝑷𝟏
𝝏𝑷𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒔
=0.000456p2=0.000456*60=0.02736
𝝏𝑷𝟐
𝝏𝑷𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒔
=0.000358p3=0.000358*50=0.0179
𝝏𝑷𝟑

Total loss are 𝑷𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒔=0.000218P12+0.000228P22+0.000179P32

=0.3488+0.8208+0.4475
Total 𝑷𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒔=1.6171
Equation 1 becomes:
7+0.016P1+ 𝛌(0.0168) = 𝛌
6.3+0.014P3+ 𝛌(0.02736) = 𝛌
6.8+0.014P3+ 𝛌(0.0179) = 𝛌
P1+P2+P3=40+60+50+loss
P1+P2+P3 =40+60+50+1.6171
P1+P2+P3 =151.6171…………..equation 2
From equation 1:
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 7+0.016P1= 𝛌-0.0168 𝛌
7+0.016P1= 𝛌(0.9832) from this
(𝟎.𝟗𝟖𝟑𝟐𝛌−𝟕)
P1=
𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟔
(𝟎.𝟗𝟕𝟐𝟔𝟒𝛌−𝟔.𝟑)
P2=
𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟖
(𝟎.𝟗𝟖𝟐𝟏𝟏𝛌−𝟔.𝟖)
P3=
𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟒

By substituting in to equation 2:
(𝟎.𝟗𝟖𝟑𝟐𝛌−𝟕) (𝟎.𝟗𝟕𝟐𝟔𝟒𝛌−𝟔.𝟑) (𝟎.𝟗𝟖𝟐𝟏𝟏𝛌−𝟔.𝟖)
+ + =151.6171
𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟔 𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟖 𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟒

From this equation we get the value of 𝛌:

185.635 𝛌=1424.8311
𝑹𝒔
𝛌=7.6754
𝑴𝒘𝒉𝒓

The values of P1, P2, and P3 are: by substituting 𝛌

(𝟎.𝟗𝟖𝟑𝟐𝛌−𝟕)
P1= P1=34.27
𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟔
(𝟎.𝟗𝟕𝟐𝟔𝟒𝛌−𝟔.𝟑)
P2= P2=66.07
𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟖
(𝟎.𝟗𝟖𝟐𝟏𝟏𝛌−𝟔.𝟖)
P3= P3 =54.44
𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟒

Since the values obtained are found to be near from start values assumed, no
need for the second iteration to proceed with this new values of generations.

13
Answer Q 6
a)
For Optimal operation the IFC is calculated by differential equation as follows:

𝒅𝒄𝟏
=IFC1=40+0.54P1 birr/Mhr 25≤P1≤100MW
𝒅𝒑𝟏

𝒅𝒄𝟐
=IFC2=30+0.5P2 birr/Mhr 25≤P2≤100MW
𝒅𝒑𝟐

𝒅𝒄𝟑
=IFC3=35+0.7P3 birr/Mhr 25≤P3≤100MW
𝒅𝒑𝟑

IFC1= IFC2 =IFC3= λ

40+0.54P1=30+0.5P2=35+0.7P3 = λ
P1= (λ-40)/0.54 P2= (λ-30)/0.5 P3= (λ-35)/0.7
And also P1+P2+P3=270
From this (λ-40)/0.54+ (λ-30)/0.5 +(λ-35)/0.7=270
λ =85.99998MWh

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 Substituting for 𝛌
For 𝑷𝟏
P1= (λ-40)/0.54
P1= (85.99998-40)/0.54
P1=85.212MW
For 𝑷𝟐
P2= (λ-30)/0.5
P2= (85.99998-30)/0.5
P2=112.03MW

For 𝑷𝟑
P3= (λ-35)/0.7
P3= (85.99998-35)/0.7
P3=72.756MW

Thus 𝑷𝟐 > 𝑷𝒎𝒂𝒙𝟐 (𝒊. 𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝟐𝟓 ≤ 𝑷𝟐 ≤ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑴𝑾) and𝑷𝟏 , 𝑷𝟑 are within the limits. In
such cases for optimal operation we set 𝑷𝟐 = 𝑷𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑴𝑾 and hence the total
load to be shared only between the unit 1 and unit 3 is:
𝟐𝟕𝟎 𝑴𝑾 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑴𝑾 = 𝟏𝟕𝟎 𝑴𝑾
Now, for optimal operation 𝑰𝒇𝑪𝟏 = 𝑰𝒇𝑪𝟑 40+0.54P1=35+0.7P3
And also P1+P3=170
(λ -40)/0.54+ (λ-35)/0.7=170
λ= 𝟖𝟗. 𝟔𝟓𝟕 𝑩𝑰𝑹𝑹/𝑴𝑾𝒉

Thus to find 𝑷𝟏 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑷𝟑 :

P1= (λ-40)/0.54
P2= (89.657-40)/0.54
P1=92.001MW
P3= (λ-35)/0.7
P3= (89.657-35)/0.7
P3=77.984MW
From the above calculation all the parameters are satisfied.

𝐭𝐡𝐮𝐬 . 𝐏𝟏 = 𝟗𝟐. 𝟎𝟎𝟏𝐌𝐖, 𝑷𝒎𝒂𝒙

𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝑴𝑾, P3=77.984MW

Total cost 𝑪𝑻 = 𝑪𝟏 + 𝑪𝟐 + 𝑪𝟑

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 𝑪𝟏 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 + 𝟒𝟎(𝟗𝟐. 𝟎𝟎𝟏) + 𝟎. 𝟐𝟕(𝟗𝟐. 𝟎𝟎𝟏)𝟐
𝑪𝟏 = 𝟔𝟎𝟖𝟓. 𝟑𝟔𝟗𝟔𝟖 𝒃𝒊𝒓𝒓/𝒉
𝑪𝟐 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎 + 𝟑𝟎(𝟏𝟎𝟎) + 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓(𝟏𝟎𝟎)𝟐
C2=5650 birr/h
𝑪𝟑 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎 + 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓(𝟕𝟕. 𝟗𝟖𝟒) + 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓(𝟕𝟕. 𝟗𝟖𝟒)𝟐
𝑪𝟑 = 𝟒𝟗𝟗𝟕. 𝟗𝟔𝟔𝟓 𝒃𝒊𝒓𝒓/𝒉
𝑪𝑻 = 𝟔𝟎𝟖𝟓. 𝟑𝟔𝟗𝟔𝟖𝒃𝒊𝒓𝒓/𝒉 + 5650 birr/h+𝟒𝟗𝟗𝟕. 𝟗𝟔𝟔𝟓 𝒃𝒊𝒓𝒓/𝒉
𝑪𝑻 = 𝟏𝟔𝟕𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑𝟔𝟏𝟕 𝒃𝒊𝒓𝒓/𝒉
b)
When there is equal sharing between the units:
P1+P2+P3=270/3=90
Then the total cost is:
𝑪𝑻 = 𝑪𝟏 + 𝑪𝟐 + 𝑪𝟑
𝑪𝟏 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎 + 𝟒𝟎(𝟗𝟎) + 𝟎. 𝟐𝟕(𝟗𝟎)𝟐
𝑪𝟏 = 𝟓𝟗𝟎𝟕𝒃𝒊𝒓𝒓/𝒉
𝑪𝟐 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎 + 𝟑𝟎(𝟗𝟎) + 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓(𝟗𝟎)𝟐
C2=4875birr/h
𝑪𝟑 = 𝟏𝟒𝟎 + 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓(𝟗𝟎) + 𝟎. 𝟑𝟓(𝟗𝟎)𝟐
𝑪𝟑 = 𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒃𝒊𝒓𝒓/𝒉
𝑪𝑻 = 𝟓𝟗𝟎𝟕𝒃𝒊𝒓𝒓/𝒉 + 4875birr/h +𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒃𝒊𝒓𝒓/𝒉
𝑪𝑻 = 𝟏𝟔𝟗𝟎𝟕𝒃𝒊𝒓𝒓/𝒉
Then the annual saving between the optimal and equal sharing is:
CT saving annually= (cost of sharing-cost of optimal)*year
1 year=8760 h
CT saving annually= ( 𝟏𝟔𝟗𝟎𝟕𝐛𝐢𝐫𝐫/𝐡- 𝟏𝟔𝟕𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑𝟔𝟏𝟕 𝒃𝒊𝒓𝒓/𝒉)*8760h
CT saving annually=1,521,295.2birr
P a g e | 16

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ANSWER Q 7
Given

For load 125 MW at

Since the load is at bus 2 will not have any

effect on . From this B21=B12=B22=0

Therefore,

For 125MW of ,

For optimum dispatch

By simplification

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 Let’s solve them by Newton-Raphson method

Where
To find the initial estimate: let’s solve the problem without loss

By substituting the above equation

From this the first iteration

∆ PG0 = P0 + ∆ P0

Repeating this converges in iteration 6

PG1 = 189.3 𝑀𝑊 PG2 = 88.99 𝑀𝑊

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