MMR CAE KES GL 000001 000 Structural Design Guideline

‫إدارة اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻻﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻲ واﻟﺪراﺳﺎت واﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬
Strategic Planning, Studies and Engineering

Department
‫اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬

Structural Design Guidelines
MMR-CAE-KES-GL-000001 Rev 000

‫‪Structural Design Guidelines‬‬
‫‪Document Control Information‬‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫اﻋﺪه‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ‬
‫اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺮوع ﻋﻘﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت إﺳﺘﺸﺎرﻳﺔ ﻹﻧﺸﺎء‬
‫اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
‫‪Prepared by‬‬
‫‪Authorised for Use‬‬ ‫ﻣّﺼﺮح ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫‪Revision History‬‬ ‫ﺳﺠﻞ اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺻﺪار‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫أﺻﺪره‬

‫‪Revision‬‬ ‫‪Issued date‬‬ ‫‪Details‬‬ ‫‪Issued By‬‬
‫‪000‬‬ ‫‪06-Jan-2022‬‬ ‫‪For Use‬‬ ‫‪GDMP‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪MMR-CAE-KES-GL-000001 Rev.000‬‬
‫‪Electronic documents once printed, are uncontrolled and may become outdated. Refer to‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪات اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻮﻋﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺤّﺪﺛﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺮﺟﻰ اﻟﺮﺟﻮع‬
‫‪MoMRAH’s Portal for current revision. This Document is the exclusive property of MoMRAH‬‬ ‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒّﻮاﺑﺔ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻮزارة اﻟﺸﺆون اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ واﻟﻘﺮوﻳﺔ واﻹﺳ ن ﻟﻼﻃﻼع ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪّﺛﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪and is subject to the restrictions set out in the Important Notice contained in this Document.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻣﻠﻜّﻴﺔ ﺣﺼﺮّﻳﺔ ﻟﻮزارة اﻟﺸﺆون اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ واﻟﻘﺮوﻳﺔ واﻹﺳ ن وﺗﺨﻀﻊ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﻮد اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
‫"اﻹﺷﻌﺎر اﻟﻬﺎم" اﻟﺬي ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻳﻪ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫إﺷﻌﺎر ﻫﺎم وإﺧﻼء ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ إرﻓﺎق ﻫﺬا اﻹﺧﻄﺎر ﻣﻊ‬
.‫ﻳﻌﺪ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻣﻠﻜّﻴﺔ ﺣﺼﺮّﻳﺔ ﻟﻮزارة اﻟﺸﺆون اﻟﺒﻠﺪّﻳﺔ واﻟﻘﺮوّﻳﺔ واﻹﺳ ن‬
‫ اﻟﻮزارة ﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﺤﻖ ﻓﻲ إﺗﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا‬.‫ﻣﻞ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ أﺣ م ﻫﺬا اﻹﺧﻄﺎر اﻟﻬﺎم‬ ‫وﻳﺠﺐ اﻻﻃﻼع ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺸ‬
.‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ أو أي ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺮج ﻣﻨﻪ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﺎرﻳﻬﺎ أو ﻣﻘﺎوﻟﻴﻬﺎ أو ﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﺸﺮط ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻹﺧﻄﺎر اﻟﻬﺎم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻤﺮاد ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫أو‬/‫أو ﻣﺴﺘﺸﺎرﻳﻬﺎ و‬/‫ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺠﻬﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ و‬،‫ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ أي ﻃﺮف‬،‫أي اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أو إﺟﺮاءات ﺗﻨﺒﺜﻖ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ أو ﺟﺰٍء ﻣﻨﻪ‬
‫ إﻟﻰ أﻗﺼﻰ ﺣﺪ‬،‫ وُﺗﺒﺮئ اﻟﻮزارة ذﻣﺘﻬﺎ‬.‫ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﻄﺮف وﻳﺘﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﻪ‬،‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ي أﺳﺎس‬ّ ‫ اﻟﺨﺴﺎﺋﺮ أو اﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﻀﺎت أّﻳًﺎ ﻧﺖ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ أ‬،‫ ﻣﻦ أي اﻟﺘﺰاﻣﺎت )ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ‬،‫ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﻪ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬
،‫ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻧﺖ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﺸﻮﺋﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ أو ﻳﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬،‫ي ﻃﺮف آﺧﺮ‬ ّ ‫ اﻹﻫﻤﺎل أو ﺧﻼف ذﻟﻚ( ﻷ‬،‫ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ‬،‫ن‬
.‫ي اﻟﺘﺰام ﻳﻨﺸﺄ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻹﻫﻤﺎل أو اﻟﺘﻘﺼﻴﺮ‬
ّ ‫ أ‬،‫ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ‬
.‫ﺗﺴﺮي ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ وﻣﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﺳﺘﻨﺎدًا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺮوط اﻟﻮاردة ﺑﻪ واﻋﺘﺒﺎرًا ﻣﻦ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ إﺻﺪاره‬
Important Notice
This notice must accompany every copy of this document
This document, (“Document”) is the exclusive property of the Ministry of Municipal & Rural Affairs &
Housing (“MoMRAH”).
This Document should be read in its entirety including the terms of this Important Notice. The
government entities may disclose this Document or extracts of this Document to their respective
consultants and/or contractors, provided that such disclosure includes this Important Notice.
Any use or reliance on this Document, or extracts thereof, by any party, including government entities
and their respective consultants and/or contractors is at that third party’s sole risk and responsibility.
MoMRAH, to the maximum extent permitted by law, disclaim all liability (including for losses or damages
of whatsoever nature claimed on whatsoever basis including negligence or otherwise) to any third party
howsoever arising with respect to or in connection with the use of this Document including any liability
caused by negligent acts or omissions.
This Document and its contents are valid only for the conditions reported in it and as of the date of this
Document.
3
MMR-CAE-KES-GL-000001 Rev.000
Electronic documents once printed, are uncontrolled and may become outdated. Refer to ‫ ﻳﺮﺟﻰ اﻟﺮﺟﻮع‬.‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪات اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻮﻋﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺧﺎﺿﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺤّﺪﺛﺔ‬
MoMRAH’s Portal for current revision. This Document is the exclusive property of MoMRAH . ‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒّﻮاﺑﺔ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻮزارة اﻟﺸﺆون اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ واﻟﻘﺮوﻳﺔ واﻹﺳ ن ﻟﻼﻃﻼع ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪّﺛﺔ‬
and is subject to the restrictions set out in the Important Notice contained in this Document. ‫ﻳﻌﺪ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻣﻠﻜّﻴﺔ ﺣﺼﺮّﻳﺔ ﻟﻮزارة اﻟﺸﺆون اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ واﻟﻘﺮوﻳﺔ واﻹﺳ ن وﺗﺨﻀﻊ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﻮد اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
.‫"اﻹﺷﻌﺎر اﻟﻬﺎم" اﻟﺬي ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻳﻪ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
TABLE OF CONTENTS ‫ﺟﺪول اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬

1.0 General........................................................................11 11 ................................................................................ ‫ﻋﺎم‬ 1.0
1.1 Definitions .................................................................12 12 ...................................................................... ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎت‬ 1.1
1.2 Abbreviations ...........................................................18 18 ..................................................................... ‫اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎرات‬ 1.2
1.3 Related Chapters.....................................................18 18 .................................................... ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻮل ذات اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬ 1.3
1.4 Approvals...................................................................19 19 .................................................................... ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺎت‬ 1.4
1.5 Commissioning ........................................................19 19 ......................................................... ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻲ‬ 1.5
2.0 Building Structures.................................................19 19 .............................................................. ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 2.0
2.1 General........................................................................19 19 ................................................................................ ‫ﻋﺎم‬ 2.1
2.1.1 Introduction ..............................................................19 19 .......................................................................... ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ 2.1.1
2.1.2 Scope ..........................................................................19 19 ................................................................... ‫ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ 2.1.2
2.1.3 Applicability ..............................................................20 20 .............................................................. ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ 2.1.3
2.1.4 General Requirements...........................................20 20 ......................................................... ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ 2.1.4
2.1.5 Codes And Standards............................................23 23 ............................................... ‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬/‫اﻷﻛﻮاد‬ 2.1.5
2.1.5.1 Saudi Building Codes .............................................23 23 ..................................................... ‫ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬ 2.1.5.1
2.1.5.2 American Concrete Institute (Aci) .....................23 23 ............................... (ACI) ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ 2.1.5.2
2.1.5.3 American Institute Of Steel Construction (Aisc) ................. (AISC)‫اﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻟﻺﻧﺸﺎءات اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ‬ 2.1.5.3
.....................................................................................25 25 .....................................................................................
2.1.5.4 American Iron And Steel Institute (Aisi)...........25 25 ..................... (AISI) ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪاﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺪ واﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ 2.1.5.4
2.1.5.5 American National Standards Institute (Ansi) ‫ﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬.‫اﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬ 2.1.5.5
.....................................................................................26 26 ........................................................................ (ANSI)
2.1.5.6 American Society Of Civil Engineers (Asce) ..26 26 ...... (ASCE) ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﻴﻦ‬ 2.1.5.6
2.1.5.7 Asce/Sei: American Society Of Civil Engineers - ‫ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﻴﻦ‬:ASCE/SEI 2.1.5.7
- Structural Engineering Institute ....................26 26 .......................................... ‫ﻣﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
2.1.5.8 American Welding Society (Aws) .......................27 27 ..............................(AWS) ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺤﻴﻢ‬ 2.1.5.8
2.1.5.9 Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute (Crsi) ....27 27 ........................ (CRSI) ‫ﻣﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﺰز ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ 2.1.5.9
2.1.5.10 International Code Council (Icc).........................27 27 ......................................... (ICC) ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ‬ 2.1.5.10
2.1.5.11 Metal Building Manufacturers Association (MBMI) ‫اﻻﺗﺤﺎد اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬ 2.1.5.11
(Mbmi)........................................................................28 28 .....................................................................................
2.1.5.12 Metal Stud Manufacturers Association (Msma) ...................... (MSMA) ‫راﺑﻄﺔ ﻣﺼَﻨﻌﻲ اﻟﺨﻮاﺑﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬ 2.1.5.12
.....................................................................................28 28 .....................................................................................
2.1.5.13 American Wood Council (Awc)............................28 28 ............................. (AWC) ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺲ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﺸﺐ‬ 2.1.5.13
2.1.5.14 Portland Cement Association (Pca) ..................28 28 ............................ (PCA) ‫ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﺳﻤﻨﺖ اﻟﺒﻮرﺗﻼﻧﺪي‬ 2.1.5.14
2.1.5.15 Occupational Safety And Health ......................... (OSHA) ‫إدارة اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ واﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬ 2.1.5.15
Administration (Osha) ..........................................28 28 .....................................................................................
2.1.5.16 Precast/Pre-Stressed Concrete Institute (Pci) ................. (PCI) ‫اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬/‫ﻣﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬ 2.1.5.16
.....................................................................................28 28 .....................................................................................
2.2 General Design Requirements............................29 29 ............................................. ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠّﺒﺎت ﻋﺎّﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 2.2
2.2.1 General........................................................................29 29 ................................................................................ ‫ﻋﺎم‬ 2.2.1
2.2.2 Strength......................................................................32 32 ...................................................................... ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ 2.2.2
2.2.3 Serviceability............................................................32 32 .......................................................... ‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ 2.2.3
2.2.3.1 Camber .......................................................................33 33 .......................................................................... ‫اﻟﺘﺤﺪب‬ 2.2.3.1
2.2.3.2 Deflections ................................................................33 33 ...................................................................... ‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت‬ 2.2.3.2
4
2.2.3.3 Drift ..............................................................................34 34 ........................................................................... ‫اﻻﻧﺰﻳﺎح‬ 2.2.3.3

2.2.3.4 Vibrations ..................................................................35 35 ...................................................................... ‫اﻻﻫﺘﺰازات‬ 2.2.3.4
2.2.3.5 Expansion And Contraction .................................35 35 ............................................................ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺪد واﻟﺘﻘﻠﺺ‬ 2.2.3.5
2.2.3.6 Connection Slip........................................................36 36 .............................................................. ‫اﻧﺰﻻق اﻟﻮﺻﻼت‬ 2.2.3.6
2.2.4 Analysis ......................................................................36 36 ........................................................................... ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ 2.2.4
2.2.5 Risk Categories........................................................36 36 ................................................................‫ﻓﺌﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬ 2.2.5
2.2.6 Counteracting Structural Actions .....................36 36 ................................................ ‫إﺑﻄﺎل اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ‬ 2.2.6
2.2.7 Self-Straining Forces.............................................37 37 ......................................................... ‫ﻗﻮى اﻟﺸﺪ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ‬ 2.2.7
2.3 Design Loads ............................................................38 38 ....................................................... ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ 2.3
2.3.1 General........................................................................38 38 .................................................................. ‫ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ 2.3.1
2.3.2 Special Consideration ...........................................38 38 ............................................................... ‫اﻋﺘﺒﺎرات ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ 2.3.2
2.3.3 Applicable Loads.....................................................39 39 .......................................................... ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ 2.3.3
2.3.4 Dead Loads (Dl) ........................................................40 40 ................................................... (DL)‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬ 2.3.4
2.3.5 Live Loads (L)............................................................42 42 .................................................... (L) ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ 2.3.5
2.3.6 Roof Live Loads (Lr)................................................43 43 .................................. (LR) ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﻸﺳﻘﻒ‬ 2.3.6
2.3.7 Rain Loads (R) ...........................................................44 44 ......................................................... (R) ‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻷﻣﻄﺎر‬ 2.3.7
2.3.8 Flood Loads (Fa).......................................................44 44 ..................................................... .(FA) ‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﻴﻮل‬ 2.3.8
2.3.9 Wind Loads (W) ........................................................44 44 ........................................................... (W) ‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬ 2.3.9
2.3.10 Seismic Loads (E) ....................................................46 46 ....................................................... (E) ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ‬ 2.3.10
2.3.11 Self-Straining Loads (T) ........................................46 46 ....................................... (T) ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ذات اﻟﺸﺪ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ‬ 2.3.11
2.3.12 Loads Due To Lateral Earth Pressure And ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻷرض اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ واﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ 2.3.12
Ground Water (H)...................................................48 48 ............................................................................... (H)
2.3.13 Hoisting Devices Load...........................................48 48 ........................................................ ‫أﺣﻤﺎل أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ 2.3.13
2.3.14 Crane Loads ..............................................................50 50 .............................................................. ‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت‬ 2.3.14
2.3.15 Vibration Loads........................................................59 59 ............................................................... ‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻻﻫﺘﺰاز‬ 2.3.15
2.3.16 Railway Loads...........................................................59 59 ..................................................... ‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﻜﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ 2.3.16
2.3.17 Areas Accessible To Vehicular Live Load.......60 60 . ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺼﻞ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت‬ 2.3.17
2.4 Load Combinations.................................................60 60 .......................................................... ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼت اﻻﺣﻤﺎل‬ 2.4
2.5 Geotechnical Information.....................................61 61 ................................................. ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ 2.5
2.5.2 Geotechnical Investigation..................................61 61 ...................................................... ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ 2.5.2
2.5.3 Geotechnical Design Report (Gdr).....................61 61 ............................................ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ‬ 2.5.3
2.6 Concrete Design......................................................63 63 ........................................................... ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ 2.6
2.6.1 General........................................................................63 63 ................................................................................ ‫ﻋﺎم‬ 2.6.1
2.6.2 Materials.....................................................................63 63 ............................................................................ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ 2.6.2
2.6.3 Concrete Durability ................................................64 64 ........................................................... ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ 2.6.3
2.6.4 Cast-In Place Concrete .........................................64 64 .................................. ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ 2.6.4
2.6.5 Precast/ Prestressed Concrete .........................69 69 .................. ‫ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬/ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬ 2.6.5
2.6.6 Precast Architectural Concrete .........................70 70 .............................. ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬ 2.6.6
2.6.7 Pre-Engineered/ Pre-Fabricated Precast ....... ‫ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬/ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 2.6.7
Buildings...................................................................70 70 .....................................................................................
2.6.8 Post Tensioned Concrete.....................................71 71 ................................................‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻻﺣﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬ 2.6.8
2.6.9 Composite Concrete..............................................71 71 .......................................................... ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺮّﻛﺒﺔ‬ 2.6.9
2.6.10 Slab On Grade...........................................................72 72 ........................................................... ‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬ 2.6.10
2.6.11 Joints...........................................................................73 73 ........................................................................ ‫اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬ 2.6.11
2.7 Masonry Design .......................................................76 76 ..................................................... ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ 2.7
5

2.7.2 Composite Masonry Construction ....................77 77 ..................................... ‫إﻧﺸﺎءات وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺮّﻛﺒﺔ‬ 2.7.2
2.7.3 Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (Aac) Masonry .......................... (AAC) ‫وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﻔﻴﻔﺔ‬ 2.7.3
.....................................................................................78 78 .....................................................................................
2.7.4 Approval For Special Design/ Construction ..79 79 ........... ‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎءات اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬/‫اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎت‬ 2.7.4
2.7.5 Design Basis..............................................................79 79 ............................................................. ‫أﺳﺎس اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 2.7.5
2.8 Steel Design ..............................................................84 84 .............................................................. ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬ 2.8
2.8.1 General........................................................................84 84 ................................................................................ ‫ﻋﺎم‬ 2.8.1
2.8.2 Structural Steel ........................................................84 84 .......................................................... ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬ 2.8.2
2.8.3 Steel Joists................................................................85 85 ........................................................ ‫اﻟﻌﻮارض اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ 2.8.3
2.8.4 Cold Formed Steel ..................................................86 86 .......................................... ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﺸ ّ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺎرد‬ 2.8.4
2.8.5 Pre-Engineered / Pre-Fabricated Metal .................................. ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬ 2.8.5
Building.....................................................................87 87 .....................................................................................
2.9 Wood Design.............................................................90 90 ......................................................... ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺨﺸﺒﻲ‬ 2.9
3.0 High Rise Building Structures .............................90 90 ............................................ .‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﻫﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 3.0
3.1 General........................................................................90 90 ................................................................................ ‫ﻋﺎم‬ 3.1
3.1.2 Scope ..........................................................................91 91 ............................................................... ‫ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬ 3.1.2
3.1.5 Codes And Standards............................................92 92 ............................................... ‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬/‫اﻷﻛﻮاد‬ 3.1.5
3.2 Structural Design And Design Consideration .............................. ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ واﻋﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 3.2
.....................................................................................92 92 .....................................................................................
3.2.1 Structural Design ....................................................92 92 .......................................................... ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ‬ 3.2.1
3.2.2 Design Considerations..........................................92 92 .......................................................... ‫اﻋﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 3.2.2
3.2.3 Highrise Building Limits ........................................93 93 ............................................... ‫ﻗﻴﻮد اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﻫﻘﺔ‬ 3.2.3
3.3 Damping System .....................................................94 94 ................................................. ‫ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺪ اﻻرﺗﺠﺎﺟﺎت‬ 3.3
4.0 Non-Building Structures .......................................95 95 ....................................................... ‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 4.0
4.1 General........................................................................95 95 ................................................................................ ‫ﻋﺎم‬ 4.1
4.1.2 Scope ..........................................................................96 96 ............................................................... ‫ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬ 4.1.2
4.1.5 Codes And Standards............................................97 97 .......................................................... ‫اﻷﻛﻮاد واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬ 4.1.5
4.2 Principles And Guidelines ................................. 101 101 ........................................ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎدئ واﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ‬ 4.2
4.2.1 Concrete.................................................................. 101 101 ..................................................................... ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ 4.2.1
4.2.2 Structural Design ................................................. 103 103 ....................................................... ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ‬ 4.2.2
4.3 Design Standards And Requirements ........... 106 106 ....................................... ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ وﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 4.3
4.3.1 Culverts And Drainage Structures ................. 106 106 ......................................... ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻌّﺒﺎرات وﻫﻴﺎ‬ 4.3.1
4.3.2 Catch Basin And Manholes................................ 110 110 ............................... ‫أﺣﻮاض اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ وﻏﺮف اﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ‬ 4.3.2
4.3.3 Pre-Engineered Canopy Structures .............. 112 112 ......................................... ‫اﻟﻤﻈﻼت اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬ 4.3.3
4.3.4 Shade Structures ................................................. 114 114 ........................................................... ‫اﻟﺘﻈﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 4.3.4
4.3.5 Water And Wastewater Structures ................ 114 114 .......................... ‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه وﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 4.3.5
4.3.6 Liquid Retaining Structures.............................. 116 116 ......................................... ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻮاﺋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 4.3.6
4.3.7 Flow Chambers ..................................................... 120 120 ...................................................... ‫ﻏﺮف ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬ 4.3.7
4.3.8 Valve Chambers.................................................... 121 121 .......................................................... ‫ﻏﺮف اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬ 4.3.8
6
4.3.9 Thrust Blocks......................................................... 123 123 ............................................... ‫ﻛﺘﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻧﺪة‬ 4.3.9
4.3.10 Mechanical Equipment Support Structures 127 127 ........................... ‫إﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﻤﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 4.3.10
4.3.11 Pipeline Corridor Structures ............................ 129 129 ............................................... ‫ﻣﻤﺮات اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 4.3.11
4.3.12 Electrical And Communication Structures .. 136 136 ........................................ ‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء واﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 4.3.12
4.3.13 Generator Support Structures ........................ 141 141 .................................... ‫دﻋﻢ ﻣﻮﻟﺪات اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 4.3.13
4.3.14 Concrete Duct Banks .......................................... 143 143 ............................................. ‫ﺣﺰم اﻟﻘﻨﻮات اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ 4.3.14
4.3.15 Security Crash Barriers...................................... 145 145 ........................................... ‫ﺣﻮاﺟﺰ اﻻﺻﻄﺪام اﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ 4.3.15
4.3.16 Supports For Signs, Luminaries And Traffic ........ ‫اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ‬ ‫دﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت ووﺣﺪات اﻹﻧﺎرة واﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 4.3.16
Structures............................................................. 147 147 ..................................................................................
5.0 Transportation Structures ................................ 151 151 ............................................................... ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 5.0
5.1 General..................................................................... 151 151 ............................................................................. ‫ﻋﺎم‬ 5.1
5.1.1 Introduction ........................................................... 151 151 ....................................................................... ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ 5.1.1
5.1.2 Applicability ........................................................... 151 151 ........................................................... ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ 5.1.2
5.1.3 General Requirements........................................ 151 151 ...................................................... ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ 5.1.3
5.1.4 Codes And Standards......................................... 152 152 ............................................ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬/‫اﻷﻛﻮاد‬ 5.1.4
5.2 Structure Groups.................................................. 154 154 ..................................................... ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 5.2
5.3 Preliminary Design And Planning.................... 156 156 .................................... ‫اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ واﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺒﺪﺋﻲ‬ 5.3
5.3.1 Scoping.................................................................... 156 156 ................................................. ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬ 5.3.1
5.3.2 Structure Geometry ............................................ 156 156 .......................................................... ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻬﻴ‬ 5.3.2
5.4 Structure Selection ............................................. 168 168 ............................................................... ‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻬﻴ‬ 5.4
5.4.1 Material .................................................................... 168 168 ......................................................................... ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة‬ 5.4.1
5.4.2 Concrete Superstructure .................................. 169 169 ......................................... ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 5.4.2
5.4.3 Steel Superstructure .......................................... 173 173 ......................................... ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 5.4.3
5.4.4 Abutments .............................................................. 175 175 .............................................................. ‫أﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ 5.4.4
5.4.5 Wingwalls................................................................ 177 178 .......................................................... ‫اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬ 5.4.5
5.4.6 Piers.......................................................................... 179 179 .................................... ‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‬ 5.4.6
5.4.7 Cap Beams.............................................................. 181 181 ....................................................... ‫اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬ 5.4.7
5.4.8 Foundations ........................................................... 182 182 ................................................................... ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ 5.4.8
5.4.9 Bearings .................................................................. 188 188 ...................................................................... ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ‬ 5.4.9
5.4.10 Expansion Joints .................................................. 189 189 ............................................................ ‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬ 5.4.10
5.4.10.1 Types Of Joints..................................................... 189 189 ........................................................... ‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬ 5.4.10.1
5.5 Principles And Guidelines ................................. 191 191 ........................................ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎدئ واﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ‬ 5.5
5.5.1 General..................................................................... 191 191 ............................................................................. ‫ﻋﺎم‬ 5.5.1
5.5.2 Depth – Span Ratios ............................................ 192 192 ............................................ ‫ﻧﺴﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻖ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق‬ 5.5.2
5.5.3 Design Life.............................................................. 192 192 ........................................................ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻲ‬ 5.5.3
5.5.4 Skew ......................................................................... 192 192 ....................................................................... ‫اﻟﺘﺠﺎﻧﻒ‬ 5.5.4
5.5.7 Arrangement.......................................................... 193 193 ..................................................................... ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎت‬ 5.5.7
5.5.8 Expansion Joint .................................................... 194 194 ............................................................ ‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬ 5.5.8
5.5.9 Diaphragm .............................................................. 194 194 .......................................................... ‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺟﺰ اﻟﻮاﻗﻴﺔ‬ 5.5.9
5.5.10 Pier ............................................................................ 194 194 .......................................................................... ‫اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬ 5.5.10
5.5.11 Railings .................................................................... 194 194 .................................................................. ‫اﻟﺪراﺑﺰﻳﻨﺎت‬ 5.5.11
5.5.12 Approach Slab....................................................... 195 195 ......................................................... ‫ﺑﻼﻃﺎت اﻻﻗﺘﺮاب‬ 5.5.12
5.5.13 Environmental And Safety ................................ 195 195 .........................‫اﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ واﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬ 5.5.13
5.6 Design Standards And Requirements ........... 198 198 ....................................... ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ وﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 5.6
7
5.6.1 General..................................................................... 198 198 ............................................................................. ‫ﻋﺎم‬ 5.6.1

5.6.2 Design Standards................................................. 198 198 .......................................................... ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 5.6.2
5.6.3 Analysis Methods ................................................. 199 199 ............................................................... ‫ﻃﺮق اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ 5.6.3
5.6.4 Design Methods.................................................... 199 199 ............................................................. ‫ﻃﺮق اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 5.6.4
5.6.5 Strength Requirements...................................... 201 201 .......................................................... ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻘﻮة‬ 5.6.5
5.6.6 Concrete Cover Requirements........................ 202 202 ....................................... ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻐﻄﺎء اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬ 5.6.6
5.6.7 Design Loads ......................................................... 202 202 .................................................... ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ 5.6.7
5.6.7.1 Standard Loads..................................................... 203 203 ....................................................... ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ 5.6.7.1
5.6.7.2 Nonstandard Loads ............................................. 216 216 ................................................ ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ 5.6.7.2
5.6.8 Deformation Limits .............................................. 217 217 ............................................................. ‫ﺣﺪود اﻟﺘﺸﻮه‬ 5.6.8
5.6.9 Fatigue ..................................................................... 217 217 .......................................................................... ‫اﻟ ﺎل‬ 5.6.9
5.6.11 Concrete Box Culverts ....................................... 218 218 .................................. ‫اﻟﻌّﺒﺎرات اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻨﺪوﻗﻴﺔ‬ 5.6.11
5.6.12 Concrete Superstructure .................................. 219 219 ......................................... ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 5.6.12
5.6.13 Concrete Deck ...................................................... 219 219 ............................................... ‫أرﺿﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ 5.6.13
5.6.14 Deck Drainage....................................................... 220 220 .................................................. ‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ أرﺿﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ 5.6.14
5.6.15 Piers.......................................................................... 221 221 ................................................. ‫ر ﺋﺰ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‬ 5.6.15
5.6.16 Approach Slab....................................................... 222 222 ......................................................... ‫ﺑﻼﻃﺎت اﻻﻗﺘﺮاب‬ 5.6.16
5.6.17 Fill Material ............................................................. 222 222 ..................................................................‫ﻣﺎدة اﻟﺮدم‬ 5.6.17
5.6.18 Highway Surcharge ............................................. 222 222 ............................. ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬ 5.6.18
5.6.20 Retaining Walls...................................................... 224 224 ..................................................... ‫اﻟﺠﺪران اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ‬ 5.6.20
5.6.21 Wingwalls................................................................ 225 225 .......................................................... ‫اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬ 5.6.21
5.6.22 Cut And Cover Tunnel Structures................... 225 225 .................................. ‫أﻧﻔﺎق اﻟﻘﻄﻊ واﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 5.6.22
5.6.23 Retaining Wall Drainage..................................... 227 227 ........................................ ‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ‬ 5.6.23
5.6.24 Waterproofing Of Structures........................... 227 227 ................................................. ‫اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬ 5.6.24
5.6.25 Foundation.............................................................. 227 227 ................................................................... ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ 5.6.25
5.6.26 Load Combinations.............................................. 228 228 ....................................................... ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬ 5.6.26
5.6.27 Temporary Structures ........................................ 229 229 ......................................................... ‫اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 5.6.27
5.7 Aesthetics............................................................... 230 230 ....................................................... ‫اﻟﻨﻮاﺣﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ 5.7
5.7.1 General..................................................................... 230 230 ............................................................................. ‫ﻋﺎم‬ 5.7.1
5.7.2 Incorporation......................................................... 230 230 ...................................................................... ‫اﻟﺘﻀﻤﻴﻦ‬ 5.7.2
5.7.3 Aesthetic Design .................................................. 230 230 ....................................................... ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬ 5.7.3
5.7.4 References ............................................................. 230 230 ....................................................................... ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ‬ 5.7.4
5.7.5 Design Guidelines ................................................ 230 230 ........................................ ‫اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 5.7.5
5.7.5.1 Horizontal And Vertical Geometry ................. 230 230 ....................... ‫اﻟﻨﻮاﺣﻲ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ واﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ 5.7.5.1
5.7.5.2 Superstructure Type........................................... 231 231 .................................................. ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 5.7.5.2
5.7.5.3 Abutment Placement And Height ................... 231 231 ........................................‫وﺿﻊ وارﺗﻔﺎع أﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ 5.7.5.3
5.7.5.4 Superstructure Shape (Including Parapets, ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي )ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﻨﺎت واﻷﺟﺰاء‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ 5.7.5.4
Overhangs And Railings) ................................. 233 233 .............................................. (‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻘﺔ واﻟﺪراﺑﺰﻳﻨﺎت‬
5.7.5.5 Pier Shape............................................................... 233 233 ................................................................. ‫اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ 5.7.5.5
5.7.5.6 Abutment Shape ................................................... 233 233 ..................................................... ‫أﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ 5.7.5.6
5.7.5.7 Color ......................................................................... 234 234 ........................................................................... ‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬ 5.7.5.7
5.7.5.8 Texture, Ornamentation And Details............. 234 234 ........................................ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﺶ واﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﻦ واﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬ 5.7.5.8
5.7.5.9 Lighting, Signing And Landscaping ............... 234 234 ............. ‫اﻹﻧﺎرة واﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت وﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻇﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ 5.7.5.9
6.0 Foundation And Earth Retaining Structures234 234 ................................ ‫إﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت وﻫﻴﺎ‬ 6.0
8
6.1 General..................................................................... 234 234 ............................................................................. ‫ﻋﺎم‬ 6.1

6.1.2 Scope ....................................................................... 235 235 ............................................................ ‫ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬ 6.1.2
6.1.5 Codes ....................................................................... 236 236 ............................................................ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز‬/‫اﻷﻛﻮاد‬ 6.1.5
6.2 Design Requirements ......................................... 236 236 ..................................................... ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 6.2
6.2.1 Bearing Pressure.................................................. 236 236 ............................................................ ‫ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ‬ 6.2.1
6.2.2 Water Table ............................................................ 236 236 ............................................ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ 6.2.2
6.2.3 Buoyancy................................................................. 237 237 ......................................................................... ‫اﻟﻄﻔﻮ‬ 6.2.3
6.2.4 Hydrostatic Pressure.......................................... 237 237 ........................................... ‫ﻲ‬ ُ ‫اﻟﻀْﻐ‬
ّ ‫ﻂ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜ‬ 6.2.4
6.2.5 Hydrodynamic Pressure .................................... 238 ُ ‫اﻟﻀْﻐ‬
238 .......................................... ‫ﻂ اﻟﻬﻴﺪرودﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ‬ 6.2.5
6.2.6 Adjacent Loads ..................................................... 238 238 ........................................................ ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة‬ 6.2.6
6.2.7 Existing Conditions.............................................. 238 238 ......................................................... ‫اﻷوﺿﺎع اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ 6.2.7
6.2.8 Foundation Depth ................................................ 238 238 ............................................................. ‫ﻋﻤﻖ اﻷﺳﺎس‬ 6.2.8
6.2.9 Stability.................................................................... 239 239 .................................................................... ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬ 6.2.9
6.3 Foundation Structure Types And Selection 240 240 .............................‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت واﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 6.3
6.3.1 Shallow Foundations ........................................... 240 240 ...................................................... ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻀﺤﻠﺔ‬ 6.3.1
6.3.2 Deep Foundations................................................ 241 241 .................................................... ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬ 6.3.2
6.4 Earth Retaining Structure Types And Selection ................................. ‫إﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ واﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 6.4
.................................................................................. 245 245 ..................................................................................
6.5 Construction Requirements ............................. 245 245 ...................................................... ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬ 6.5
6.5.1 Foundations ........................................................... 245 245 ................................................................... ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ 6.5.1
6.5.2 Retaining Walls...................................................... 246 246 ..................................................... ‫اﻟﺠﺪران اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ‬ 6.5.2
7.0 Corrosion Protection .......................................... 246 246 ....................................................... ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺂ‬ 7.0
7.1 General..................................................................... 246 246 ............................................................................. ‫ﻋﺎم‬ 7.1
7.1.2 Scope ....................................................................... 246 246 ............................................................ ‫ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬ 7.1.2
7.1.4.1 Exposure Conditions........................................... 247 247 ............................................................ ‫ﻇﺮوف اﻟﺘﻌﺮض‬ 7.1.4.1
7.1.5 Codes And Standards......................................... 250 250 ............................................ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬/‫اﻷﻛﻮاد‬ 7.1.5
7.2 Commissioning ..................................................... 252 252 ...................................................... ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻲ‬ 7.2
7.3 Protection Of Concrete Structures................ 252 252 ........................................... ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 7.3
7.3.1 General..................................................................... 252 252 ............................................................................. ‫ﻋﺎم‬ 7.3.1
7.3.2 Forms Of Concrete Deterioration................... 252 252 ..............................................‫أﺷ ل ﺗﺪﻫﻮر اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ 7.3.2
7.3.3 Exposure Conditions........................................... 254 253 ............................................................ ‫ﻇﺮوف اﻟﺘﻌﺮض‬ 7.3.3
7.3.4 Guidelines And Examples For Protection Of ....................... ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫إرﺷﺎدات وأﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 7.3.4
Concrete Structures ......................................... 254 254 ..................................................................................
7.3.5 Summary Of Guidelines For Protection Of ......... ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 7.3.5
Concrete Structures ......................................... 262 262 ..................................................................................
7.4 Protection Of Steel Structures........................ 265 265 ........................................... ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 7.4
7.4.1 General..................................................................... 265 265 ............................................................................. ‫ﻋﺎم‬ 7.4.1
7.4.2 Forms Of Corrosion Of Steel ............................ 265 265 .................................................... ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬ ‫أﺷ ل ﺗﺂ‬ 7.4.2
7.4.2.1 Galvanic Corrosion .............................................. 265 265 .......................................................... ‫اﻟﺠﻠﻔﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺂ‬ 7.4.2.1
7.4.2.2 Pitting ....................................................................... 265 265 .......................................................................... ‫اﻟﺘﻨّﻘﺮ‬ 7.4.2.2
9
7.4.2.3 Crevice Corrosion................................................ 266 266 ........................................................ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻘﻘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺂ‬ 7.4.2.3

7.4.2.4 Intergranular Corrosion ..................................... 266 266 ..................................................... ‫ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄ‬ 7.4.2.4
7.4.2.5 Stray Current Corrosion .................................... 266 266 ................................................. ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎرات اﻟﺸﺎردة‬ ‫ﺗﺂ‬ 7.4.2.5
7.4.3 General Guidelines For Corrosion Control Of .................. ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬ ‫أدﻟﺔ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺂ‬ 7.4.3
Steel........................................................................ 267 267 ..................................................................................
7.4.3.1 General..................................................................... 267 267 ............................................................................. ‫ﻋﺎم‬ 7.4.3.1
7.4.3.2 Material Selection ................................................ 267 267 ............................................................... ‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ 7.4.3.2
7.4.3.3 Protective Coatings ............................................ 268 268 ............................................................ ‫اﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ‬ 7.4.3.3
7.4.3.4 Cathodic Protection ............................................ 268 268 ....................................................... ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‬ 7.4.3.4
7.4.3.5 Environmental Treatment.................................. 269 269 ......................................................... ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬ 7.4.3.5
7.4.4 Guidelines For Corrosion Control Of Steel ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺂ‬ 7.4.4
Structures............................................................. 269 269 ..................................................................................
7.5 Protection Of Pipelines ...................................... 272 272 ............................................... ‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ 7.5
7.5.1 General..................................................................... 272 272 ............................................................................. ‫ﻋﺎم‬ 7.5.1
7.5.2 Non-Metallic Piping System ............................. 272 272 .......................................‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬ 7.5.2
7.5.3 Guidelines For Recommended Corrosion ...................... ‫اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ ‫اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺂ‬ 7.5.3
Control Of Pipes ................................................. 272 272 ..................................................................................
7.6 Protective Coatings ............................................ 275 275 ............................................................ ‫اﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ‬ 7.6
7.6.1 General..................................................................... 275 275 ............................................................................. ‫ﻋﺎم‬ 7.6.1
7.6.2 Coating Selection Criteria................................. 275 275 ...................................... ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ‬ 7.6.2
7.6.3 Coating Systems For Various Structures .... 276 276 .................................. ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻃﻼء اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 7.6.3
7.7 Cathodic Protection ............................................ 279 279 ....................................................... ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‬ 7.7
7.7.1 General..................................................................... 279 279 ............................................................................. ‫ﻋﺎم‬ 7.7.1
7.7.2 Cathodic Protection Systems Design Guideline ......... ‫اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‬ 7.7.2
.................................................................................. 280 280 ..................................................................................
7.7.3 Cathodic Protection Systems For Different ..................... ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬ 7.7.3
Structures............................................................. 281 281 ..................................................................................
7.7.4 Monitoring Of Cathodic Protection Systems ...................................... ‫ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‬ 7.7.4
.................................................................................. 283 283 ..................................................................................
8.0 Attachments........................................................... 284 284 .................................................................... ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻘﺎت‬ 8.0
10
1.0 GENERAL ‫ ﻋﺎم‬1.0

The principles, guidelines, and requirements for design ‫ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﺒﺎدئ وأدﻟﺔ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ وﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
and construction of structures and structural systems ‫ وﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻫﺬه اﻷدﻟﺔ‬.‫وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻹﻧﺸﺎءات واﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
are provided in this document. These are generic ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
guidelines which are applicable to common and typical ‫ وﻋﻠﻰ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ واﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬.‫واﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ‬
structural system. The GDMP/ Amanat shall modify the ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻠﺘﺰم اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬.‫ﻣﺸﺮوع‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻴﻪ‬
requirements specific to project. The design shall ،‫ ﻳﺮﺟﻰ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ اﻟﺴﺎدس‬،‫ﺑﺎﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬
confirm to Saudi Building Code (SBC), refer to Volume .‫ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ واﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ‬:‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‬
6, Chapter 5 - Codes, Standards and References.
The instructions and use of ‘guidelines’, and the ‫أﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎت واﺳﺘﺨﺪام "اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴ ﺔ" وﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬
applicability of codes and standards are defined and ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﺤﺪدة وﻣﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
explained in Engineering Volume 6, Chapter 7, Section MMR- ‫ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻷول ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ رﻗﻢ‬،‫ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬،‫اﻟﺴﺎدس‬
1 of the document MMR-CAE-KE0-GL-000006, .‫ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬:CAE-KE0-GL-000006
General Design Guidelines.
The section has six subsections organized based on ‫وﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺳﺘﺔ أﻗﺴﺎم ﻓﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬
the following classification: :‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
 2.0 Building Structures. .‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬2.0 
 3.0 High Rise Building Structures. .‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﻫﻘﺔ‬ ‫ ﻫﻴﺎ‬3.0 
 4.0 Non-Building Structures. ‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬4.0 
 5.0 Transportation Structures. .‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ ﻫﻴﺎ‬5.0 
 6.0 Foundation and Earth Retaining Structures. .‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت وﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻷرض‬ ‫ ﻫﻴﺎ‬6.0 
 7.0 Corrosion Protection. . ‫ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺂ‬7.0 
Each of the six subsections (2.0 to 7.0) has an ‫( ﻗﺴﻤًﺎ‬7.0 ‫ إﻟﻰ‬2.0) ‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻗﺴﺎم اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬
"Applicability" section defining the type of structures ‫ﻋﻦ "ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ" ﻳﺤﺪد أﻧﻮاع اﻹﻧﺸﺎءات واﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
and structural systems for which the provisions of the ‫ أﻣﺎ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬.‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬
subsection apply. Requirements for structural ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ واﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﺪرﺟﺔ‬
calculations and drawings are included in the .‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﻼﺣﻖ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
Appendices to this section
Important Note: :‫ﺗﻨﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ‬

In this structural design guidelines, references and ‫إن اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ وﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻜﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي و‬
design parameters related to SBC and ASCE/SEI 7 ‫ اﻟﻤﺪرﺟﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬،ASCE/SEI 7 ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
were provided based on SBC (2018) and ASCE 7 ‫ واﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬،‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻤﻮّﺿﺤﺔ‬
(2016). .ASCE 7 (2016) ‫( وﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬2018)
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1.1 DEFINITIONS ‫ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎت‬1.1

 Allowable Stress Design ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻪ‬ 
A method of proportioning structural members, such ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﺴﺐ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬
that elastically computed stresses produced in the ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮب ﺑﻤﺮوﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل اﻻﺳﻤﻴﺔ ﻻ‬
members by nominal loads do not exceed specified ‫ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز اﻹﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻪ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد )ﻳﺴﻤﻰ أﻳﻀًﺎ "ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬
allowable stresses (also called "working stress ("‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
design").
 Amanat / Amana ‫أ ﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫أﻣﺎﻧﺔ‬ 

Local governing authority or Municipality. Amanat is ‫ أﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﻫﻮ ﺟﻤﻊ أﻣﺎﻧﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ أو اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬
plural of Amana
 Architectural/ Engineering (A/E) Consultant ‫ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬/‫اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬ 

Any organization performing Engineering/ Design for a ‫ اﻟﻤﻔّﺼﻞ ﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬/‫ﻫﻮ أي ﺟﻬﺔ ﺗﺘﻮﻟﻰ إﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
Project on behalf of Amana .‫ﻣﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ‬
 Abutment ‫ﻛﺘﻒ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ 

Substructure unit supporting the ends of a bridge and, ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻧﺪة‬،‫ ﻋﺎدًة‬،‫وﺣﺪة إﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮ وﺗﻜﻮن‬
usually, retaining the approach embankment. .‫ﻟﺮدﻣﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل إﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
 Backwall ‫اﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ‬ 

The portion of the abutment above the level of the ‫ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﻒ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻓﻮق ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺠﺴﺮ وﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺸ‬
bridge seat that primarily acts as a retaining wall. It may ‫ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺠﺪار أﻳﻀًﺎ ﻛﺪﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬.‫اﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺠﺪار اﺳﺘﻨﺎدي‬
also act as a support for the bridge deck and/or the .‫أو ﺑﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﺪﺧﻮل إﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬/‫ﻷرﺿﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ و‬
approach slab
 Bearing ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻞ‬ 
A support element used to transfer loads from ‫ﻓﻮﻗﻲ إﻟﻰ ﻫﻴ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ داﻋﻢ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻣﻦ ﻫﻴ‬
superstructure to substructure while permitting some .‫اﻟﻔﻮﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺴﻤﺎح ﺑﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﺪوران واﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
rotation and horizontal movement of the
superstructure.
 Bridge Seat ‫ﻣﻘﻌﺪ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ 

Horizontal surface of the abutment stem upon which ‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﻛﺘﻒ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬
rest the pedestals and/or the bearings. .‫أو اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ‬/‫و‬
 Brush Curb ‫ﺑﺮدور ﻓﺮﺷﺎة‬ 

A curb used with steel railing to channel water off of a ‫ﺑﺮدور ﻣﻊ ﻗﻀﺒﺎن ﻓﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﺑﻌﻴﺪًا ﻋﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ وﻳﻤﻨﻌﻬﺎ‬
bridge and preventing it from falling onto the feature .‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺰول ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤْﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻘﺎﻃﻌﻪ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
crossed
12
 Cofferdam (‫ﺳﺪ اﻹﻧﻀﺎب )ﺳﺪ ﻣﺆﻗﺖ‬ 

A watertight enclosure which permits dewatering of an ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﻨﻀﺢ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎت ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
excavation and for construction in a waterway. .‫ﻓﻲ اﻹﻧﺸﺎءات داﺧﻞ ﻣﺠﺎري اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬
 Cross Section ‫اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻲ‬ 

A view taken transverse to the longitudinal axis of an .‫ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﺄﺧﻮذ ﺑﺸ ٍ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺮض ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻲ ﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬
element
 Culvert ‫اﻟﻌّﺒﺎرة‬ 
A structure that provides passage of water or utilities ‫ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻌّﺒﺎرة‬.‫إﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﻣﺮور اﻟﻤﻴﺎه أو اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺳﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻴ‬
through an embankment. Usually constructed of ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎدة ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ أو أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬
precast concrete boxes, round concrete pipe, or ‫ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ‬،‫ ﻋﺎدًة‬،‫أﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻴﺔ أو ﺑﻴﻀﺎوﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ )وﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬
elliptical concrete pipe (Usually with a clear opening of .(‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬6.2 ‫ﻋﻦ‬
less than 6.2 m
 Deck ‫أرﺿﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ 

That portion of a bridge that provides a riding surface .‫أو اﻟﻤﺸﺎة ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬/‫اﻟﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻤﺮور اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت و‬
for vehicular and/or pedestrian traffic.
 Dead Loads ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬ 

The weight of materials of construction incorporated ‫اﻷﺧﺮى‬ ‫وزن اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻀﻤﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ واﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
into the building and other structures, including but not ‫ اﻟﺠﺪران واﻷراﺿﻴﺎت واﻷﺳﻘﻒ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬،‫ دون ﺣﺼﺮ‬،‫وﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬
limited to walls, floors, roofs, ceilings, stairways, built- ‫واﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ وﻣﻤﺮات اﻟﺴﻼﻟﻢ واﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﻤﺪﻣﺠﺔ واﻟﺘﺸﻄﻴﺒﺎت‬
in partitions, finishes, cladding and other similarly ‫واﻟﺘﻜﺴﻴﺔ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ واﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ وزن‬
incorporated architectural and structural items, and ‫ﻣﻌﺪات اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت وأﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺴﺒﺎﻛﺔ واﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬
the weight of fixed service equipment, such as cranes, ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﻐﺬﻳﺎت اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ وأﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﺌﺔ واﻟﺘﻬﻮﻳﺔ وﺗﻜﻴﻴﻒ‬
plumbing stacks and risers, electrical feeders, heating, .‫اﻟﻬﻮاء وأﻧﻈﻤﺔ رﺷﺎﺷﺎت اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ اﻷوﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
ventilating and air-
conditioning systems and automatic sprinkler
systems.
 Diaphragm Chord ‫وﺗﺮ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺰ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬ 

A diaphragm boundary element perpendicular to the ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣّﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺰ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻄّﺒﻖ وﻳﻔﺘﺮض‬
applied load that is assumed to take axial stresses due .‫أن ﻳﺘﺤﻤﻞ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﻤﺤﻮري ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺰم اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺰ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬
to the diaphragm moment
 Flexible Diaphragm ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺰ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻤﺮن‬ 

A diaphragm is flexible for the purpose of distribution ‫ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺰ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﺮﻧًﺎ ﺑﻐﺮض ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
of story shear and torsional moment .‫اﻟﻄﻮاﺑﻖ وﻋﺰم اﻻﻟﺘﻮاء‬
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 Rigid Diaphragm ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺰ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ 

A diaphragm is rigid for the purpose of distribution of ‫ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺰ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺻﻠﺒًﺎ ﺑﻐﺮض ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
story shear and torsional moment when the lateral ‫اﻟﻄﻮاﺑﻖ وﻋﺰم اﻻﻟﺘﻮاء ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﺸﻮه اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺟﺰ أﻗﻞ‬
deformation of the diaphragm is less than or equal to .‫ﻣﻦ أو ﻳﺴﺎوي ِﺿﻌﻒ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬
two times the average story drift.
 Duration of Load ‫ُﻣﺪُة اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬ 

The period of continuous application of a given load, or ‫ﻣﺪة ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮار أو إﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺘﺮات اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬
the aggregate of periods of intermittent applications of .‫اﻟﻤﺘﻘﻄﻊ ﻟﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
the same load.
 Essential Facilities ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻖ اﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ‬ 

Buildings and other structures that are intended to ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﺘﻲ ُﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ أن ﺗﻈﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠًﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
remain operational in the event of extreme ‫ﺣﺎل اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ اﻟﻤﻔﺮط ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻴﻮل أو اﻟﺮﻳﺎح أو اﻟﺠﻠﻴﺪ أو‬
environmental loading from flood, wind, snow or .‫اﻟﻬﺰات اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬
earthquakes.
 Factored Load ْ‫ اﻟِﺤ‬

‫ﻤ ﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﻌﺪ‬
The product of a nominal load and a load factor. .‫ﻧﺎﺗﺞ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻻﺳﻤﻲ وﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
 Impact Load ‫ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﺼﺪم‬ 

The load resulting from moving machinery, elevators, ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﺷﻲء ﻋﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻵﻟﻴﺎت واﻟﻤﺼﺎﻋﺪ واﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت واﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت‬
crane ways, vehicles and other similar forces and ‫وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻤﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ واﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ واﻟﻀﻐﻂ وأي زﻳﺎدة‬
kinetic loads, pressure and possible surcharge from .‫ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ أو اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬
fixed or moving loads.
 Limit State ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺔ‬ 

A condition beyond which a structure or member ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ اﻟﻬﻴ أو اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻼﺋﻢ ﻟﻠﺨﺪم وُﻳﻘّﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
becomes unfit for service and is judged to be no longer ‫أﻧﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻟﻠﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ُأﻧﺸﺄ ﻷﺟﻠﻬﺎ )ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣّﺪ اﻟّﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ( أو أﻧﻪ‬
useful for its intended function (serviceability limit .(‫ﻏﻴﺮ آﻣﻦ )ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺣّﺪ اﻟﻘﻮة‬
state) or to be unsafe (strength limit state).
 Live Loads ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ 

Those loads produced by the use and occupancy of ‫آ ﺧﺮ و ﻻ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام وإﺷﻐﺎل اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ أو أي ﻫﻴ‬
the building or other structure and do not include ‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ أو اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح وﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﻠﻴﺪ‬
construction or environmental loads such as wind .‫وﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﻬﺰات اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ وﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﺴﻴﻮل أو اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬
load, snow load, rain load, earthquake load, flood load
or dead load.
 Live Loads (Roof) (‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ )اﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬ 

Those loads produced (1) during maintenance by ‫( أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﺎل واﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬1) ‫ﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
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workers, equipment and materials; and (2) during the ‫أو اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄة ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫( أﺛﻨﺎء ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ‬2)‫ و‬،‫واﻟﻤﻮاد‬
life of the structure by movable objects such as .‫ﻣﺜﻞ أﺣﻮاض اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت وﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص‬
planters and by people.
 Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) (LRFD) ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ واﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ 
A method of proportioning structural members and ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ واﻟﺮواﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬
their connections using load and resistance factors ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻟﺤﻤﻞ واﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﺼﻞ اﻟ ﻬﻴ‬
such that no applicable limit state is reached when the .‫أٍي ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﺤﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻀﻪ ﻟﻤﺰﻳﺞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻢ‬
structure is subjected to appropriate load ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ ‫( ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬LRFD) ‫ُﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ‬
combinations. The term “LRFD" is used in the design of .‫واﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ واﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻤﺰﻳﺞ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﺔ‬
steel, concrete and wood structures subjected to ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ ‫( ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬LRFD) ‫ُﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ‬
appropriate load combinations. The term "LRFD" is .‫واﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ واﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻤﺰﻳﺞ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﺔ‬
used in the design of steel, concrete and wood
structures.
 Load Effects ‫آﺛﺎر اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬ 

Forces and deformations produced in structural ‫اﻟﻘﻮى واﻻﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬
members by the applied loads. .‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
 Load Factor ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬ 

A factor that accounts for deviations of the actual load ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻼﺣﺘﻴﺎط ﻻﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻻﺳﻤﻲ‬
from the nominal load, for uncertainties in the analysis ‫وﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪم اﻟﺘﻴﻘﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺤﻮل اﻟﺤﻤﻞ إﻟﻰ أﺛﺮ ﺣﻤﻞ‬
that transforms the load into a load effect, and for the ‫وﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﺗﺰاﻣﻦ ﺣﺪوث ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻘﺼﻮى ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ‬
probability that more than one extreme load will occur .‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
simultaneously.
 Loads ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬ 
Forces or other actions that result from the weight of ‫اﻟﻘﻮى أو اﻷﻓﻌﺎل اﻷﺧﺮى اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ وزن ﻣﻮاد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء وﺷﺎﻏﻠﻲ‬
building materials, occupants and their possessions, ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ وﻣﻤﺘﻠ ﺗﻬﻢ واﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ واﻟﺤﺮ ت اﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎوﺗﺔ‬
environmental effects, differential movement and ‫ أﻣﺎ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺪاﺋﻤﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ‬.‫واﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮات اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد‬
restrained dimensional changes. Permanent loads are ‫ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻤﺮور اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻧﺎدرًا أو ﺑﻤﻘﺪار ﺿﺌﻴﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
those loads in which variations over time are rare or of .‫ أﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻓﻬﻲ أﺣﻤﺎل ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮة‬.‫اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬
small magnitude, such as dead loads. All other loads
are variable loads
 Nominal Loads ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻻﺳﻤﻲ‬ 

The magnitudes of the loads specified in this section ،‫ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬،‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ )اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬
(dead, live, soil, wind, snow, rain, flood, and earthquake). .(‫ اﻟﺴﻴﻮل واﻟﻬﺰات اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬،‫ اﻟﻤﻄﺮ‬،‫ اﻟﺠﻠﻴﺪ‬،‫ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬،‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬
 Occupancy Category ‫ﻓﺌﺔ اﻹﺷﻐﺎل‬ 

A category used to determine structural requirements ‫ﻓﺌﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ‬
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based on occupancy. .‫اﻹﺷﻐﺎل‬
 Other Structures ‫اﻷﺧﺮى‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 

Structures, other than buildings, for which loads are ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت أو اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻷﺧﺮى اﻟﺘﻲ ُﺣﺪدت أﺣﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه‬
specified in this document. .‫اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ‬
 Resistance Factor ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ 

A factor that accounts for deviations of the actual ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ اﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻﺳﻤﻴﺔ‬
strength from the nominal strength and the manner ‫وﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ وﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﻔﺸﻞ أو اﻟﻌﺠﺰ )ﻳﺴﻤﻰ أﻳﻀًﺎ "ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﺾ‬
and consequences of failure (also called "strength .("‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
reduction factor")
 Strength, Nominal ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻﺳﻤﻴﺔ‬ 

The capacity of a structure or member to resist the ‫أو اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻗﺪرة اﻟﻬﻴ‬
effects of the loads, as determined by computations ‫ﻣﺤﺪد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاد‬
using specified material strengths and dimensions and ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة واﻷﺑﻌﺎد واﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻻت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺒﺎدئ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎرف‬
equations derived from accepted principles of ‫أو ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻤﻴﺪاﻧﻴﺔ أو‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻴ ﻧﻴ‬
structural mechanics or by field tests or laboratory ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻤﺎذج ﻣﺼﻐﺮة ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎط ﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬
tests of scaled models, allowing for modeling effects .‫واﻟﻔﺮوﻗﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ واﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﻤﻴﺪاﻧﻴﺔ‬
and differences between laboratory and field
conditions
 Fixed Support ‫اﻟﺘﺪﻋﻴﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬ 

In terms of bridge bearings, a support that allows ‫ أﻣﺎ‬.‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر اﻟﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺪوران ﻓﻘﻂ‬
rotation only. In analysis, this type of connection is ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﺈن ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﻳﻌﺮف ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ‬
commonly defined as 'pinned'. "‫"ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﺑﺨﻮاﺑﻴﺮ‬
 Strength Required ‫اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ‬ 

Strength of a member, cross section or connection ‫ﻗﻮة ﻋﻨﺼﺮ أو ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ أو ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻠﺔ ﻻزﻣﺔ ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
required to resist factored loads or related internal ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ أو ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﻌﺰم اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ذات اﻟﺼﻠﺔ‬
moments and forces in such load combinations as ‫واﻟﻘﻮى ﻓﻲ ﻣﺰﻳﺞ أﺣﻤﺎل ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﺣﺴﺐ اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت ﻛﻮد اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬
stipulated by Model Building Code (MBC) and other .‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺔ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت اﻟﺴﺎرﻳﺔ‬
provisions as applicable.
 Strength Design ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻘﻮة‬ 

A method of proportioning structural members such ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﺴﺐ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
that the computed forces produced in the members by ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻻ‬
factored loads do not exceed the member design ‫ﺗﺘﺠﺎوز اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺼﺮ ]ﻳﺴﻤﻰ أﻳﻀًﺎ "ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
strength [also called "load and resistance factor (‫ ُﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ )ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻘﻮة‬.[(LRFD)"‫وﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
design" (LRFD)]. The term "strength design" is used in .‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ وﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
the design of concrete and masonry structural
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elements
 Fascia ‫اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‬ 
The outside vertical edge of a concrete deck. .‫اﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬
 Fascia Girder ‫ﻋﺎرﺿﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﺑﺎﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‬ 

The outermost girder on each side of a bridge .‫ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ ‫آﺧﺮ ﻋﺎرﺿﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
 Feature Crossed ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ‬ 

The roadway, railway, ravine, stream, or other physical ‫اﻟﻄﺮق واﻟﺴﻜﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ واﻷودﻳﺔ وﻣﺠﺎري اﻟﻤﻴﺎه أو أي ﻣﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬
feature that is crossed over by the bridge. .‫ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺳﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻳﻌﺒﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
 Feature Carried ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬ 

The roadway, railway, or pathway that is carried by the .‫اﻟﻄﺮق واﻟﺴﻜﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ أو اﻟﻤﺴﺎرات اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺤﻤﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
bridge.
 Substructure ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻴ‬ 

Any supporting member below the superstructure ‫ اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت‬،‫اﻟﻔﻮﻗﻲ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﻛﺘﻒ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ ‫أي ﻋﻨﺼﺮ داﻋﻢ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
(such as abutments, piers, and wingwalls). .(‫اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ واﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬
 Super elevation ‫اﻟﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬ 

The cross slopes of a roadway at a horizontal curve .‫اﻟﻤﻴﻮل اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ أﻓﻘﻲ‬
 Superstructure ‫ﻓﻮﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻴ‬ 

That part of the structure above and supported by, the .‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﻓﻮق اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ وﺗﺪﻋﻤﻪ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
bearings
 Surcharge ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬ 

Load that acts on a retaining wall in addition to normal ‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺪار اﺳﺘﻨﺎدي إﺿﺎﻓًﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻗﻮى اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
soil forces, such as a vehicular load or a building load .‫ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت أو ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬
 U-Wingwall ‫ﺣﺪوة‬ ‫ﺟﺪار ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﺸ‬ 

A wingwall that is parallel to the feature carried .‫ﺟﺪار ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﻮازي ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﻨﻮد‬
 Underdrain Filter ‫ﻣﺮﺷﺢ اﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ 

A method of conveying groundwater away from behind ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﺪًا ﺧﻠﻒ ﺟﺪار أو ﻛﺘﻒ ﺟﺴﺮ‬
a wall or abutment through the use of porous medium .‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام وﺳﻴﻂ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻲ وﻓﺘﺤﺎت ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
and weep hole.
 Vertical Clearance ‫ُﺧُﻠﻮص رأﺳﻲ‬ 

The minimum vertical distance between the bottom of ‫وﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ أﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
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the structure and the surface of the feature crossed .‫اﻟﻤ ﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﺒﺮه‬
 Wingwall ‫ﺟﺪار ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬ 

A retaining wall placed adjacent to an abutment stem ‫ﺟﺪار اﺳﺘﻨﺎدي ﻳﻘﺎم ﺑﺠﻮار ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﻛﺘﻒ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻹﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﺮدم ﺧﻠﻒ‬
to retain the fill behind an abutment (See in-line ‫ اﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻊ‬،‫اﻟﻜﺘﻒ )اﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺎذي‬
wingwall, flared wingwall, and U-wingwall). .(‫ﺣﺪوة‬ ‫واﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﺸ‬
1.2 ABBREVIATIONS ‫ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎرات‬1.2

 AAC AAC 
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Masonry Units ‫وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ واﻟﻤﺸﺒﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻬﻮاء‬
 AREMA AREMA 
American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of a ‫اﺗﺤﺎد ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ وﺻﻴﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ‬
way Association
 FHWA FHWA 
Federal Highway Administration. ‫إدارة اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ اﻻﺗﺤﺎدﻳﺔ‬
 MBMA MBMA 
Material Building Manufacturing Association ‫اﻻﺗﺤﺎد اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﻲ ﻣﻮاد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬
 MBC MBC 
Model Building Code ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج‬
 MEPS MEPS 
Mechanical Electrical Plumbing Services ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻴ ﻧﻴ واﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء واﻟﺴﺒﺎﻛﺔ‬
 MOT MOT 
Ministry of Transportation ‫وزارة اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬
 MoMRAH MoMRAH 
Ministry of Municipal Rural Affairs and Housing ‫وزارة اﻟﺸﺆون اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ واﻟﻘﺮوﻳﺔ واﻹﺳ ن‬
 PEMB PEMB 
Pre-Engineered Metal Building ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺪة ﻣﺴﺒﻘًﺎ‬
 PECS PECS 
Pre-Engineered Canopy Structures ‫اﻟﻤﻈﻼت اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬
1.3 RELATED CHAPTERS ‫ اﻟﻔﺼﻮل ذات اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬1.3

Refer to Engineering Volume, Chapter 2 for definitions ‫ﻟﻼﻃﻼع ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎت واﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ ُﻳﺮﺟﻰ اﻟﺮﺟﻮع إﻟﻰ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
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and References .‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬

 Chapter 7, Section11 for Geotechnical ‫ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺤﺎدي ﻋﺸﺮ ﻟﻠﺪراﺳﺎت‬،‫واﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬ 
investigation. .‫اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬
 Chapter 7, Section 1 for Design Guidelines ‫ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺤﺎدي ﻋﺸﺮ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ‬،‫واﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬ 
related to all disciplines. .‫اﻟﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺎﻣﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑ‬
1.4 APPROVALS ‫ اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺎت‬1.4

The GDMP/ Amanat to reviews and approves all ‫ﺗﺮاﺟﻊ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ واﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت وﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬
reports, drawings and specifications related to design ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺎرﻳﺮ واﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
of building structures within the Amanat jurisdiction. ‫ وﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺒﺎدل ﻫﺬه‬.‫أﻣﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬
This is shared with the building owner, if other than the ‫ن اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻚ ﺧﻼف اﻹدارة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل‬
GDMP/ Amanat. .‫ اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
1.5 COMMISSIONING ‫ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻲ‬1.5

Commissioning shall verify that the new/rehabilitated ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺆﻛﺪ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
building structure achieves project requirements as ‫أو اﻟﻤﻌﺎد ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻠﻪ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﺣﺴﺐ ﻃﻠﺐ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
intended by the GDMP/ Amanat owner and as ‫ اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ووﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري‬/ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
designed by the AE and/or Contractor. .‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ أو اﻟﻤﻘﺎول‬/‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
2.0 BUILDING STRUCTURES ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬2.0

2.1.1 INTRODUCTION ‫ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬2.1.1
Building structures are defined as those structures ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻴﻄﻬﺎ ﺟﺪران‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻬﺎ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫ُﺗﻌﺮف اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
enclosed by walls and roofs and constructed to ‫ ﻳﻘﺪم‬.‫وأﺳﻘﻒ وُﺗﻨﺸﺄ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻟﺪﻋﻢ أو اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﺸﺎﻏﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬
provide support or shelter for an intended occupancy. ‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ‬
The subsection provides the minimum technical ‫أو اﻟﻤﻘﺎول ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬/‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ و‬/‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
requirements to be adopted by the AE and/or ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ واﻟﺠﻮدة وﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وإﻧﺸﺎء‬
Contractors to enable safety, quality, and cost ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ وأﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﺟﺎت وﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
effectiveness in the design and construction of .‫ اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/ ‫اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
building structures and building systems that meet the
needs and expectations of the GDMP/ Amanat.
2.1.2 SCOPE ‫ ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬2.1.2

The scope of this subsection is to provide guidance on ‫ﻳﻐﻄﻲ ﻧﻄﺎق ﻋﻤﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎت ﺑﺨﺼﻮص ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
design and construction of building structures and ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ وأﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ووﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫وإﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
building systems constructed of concrete, masonry, ‫ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻮاردة ﻫﻨﺎ أو‬.‫واﻟﻔﻮﻻذ واﻟﺨﺸﺐ‬
steel and wood. The design requirements provided ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬،(MBC) ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻮد اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺔ‬
herein, or cited by reference, are based on a Model ‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ وأﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺒﻨﺎﻫﺎ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬
Building Code (MBC), industry standards, and best .‫ اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
practices embraced by the GDMP/ Amanat.
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2.1.3 APPLICABILITY ‫ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬2.1.3

The principles, guidelines, and requirements included ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ وأﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻛﻤﺎ ﻣﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻀﻊ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
in this subsection should govern all building structures ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت اﻟﻤﺒﺎدئ واﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ‬
and building systems, as defined in the introduction .‫واﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬
herein
2.1.4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ‫ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬2.1.4

 Building designer should understand how the ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﻣﺼﻤﻢ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻣﻊ‬ 
building responds to vertical and lateral loads ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ واﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ وﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
and follow all loads through the structure to ‫ﻟﻀﻤﺎن اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟ ﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻬﻴ‬
ensure that all structural elements and ‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻼت واﻟﺼﻼﺑﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
connections along the load path have sufficient ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻜﻬﺎ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ‬
strength and stiffness to maintain structural ‫ﻣﺴﺎرات اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة واﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺣﺘﻰ‬
integrity. Direct and continuous load paths from ‫ وﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ وﻣﺴﺎرات اﻻﺣﻤﺎل‬.‫اﻷﺳﺎس‬
the roof to foundation must be provided. ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮة واﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ وﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻼت وﻣﺮوﻧﺔ‬
Building configuration, continuous and ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم وﺟﻮدة اﻟﻤﻮاد واﻹﻧﺸﺎءات ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ‬
redundant load paths, connection detailing, ‫اﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻸداء اﻟﻌﺎم ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ وﺗﺠﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺸ‬
system ductility, quality of materials and .‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
construction are very important to overall
building performance and should properly
addressed in the design.
 In accordance with the MBC, building structures ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ووﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺔ ُﺗﺼﻤﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 
are designed to sustain local damage under ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ اﻷﺿﺮار اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻇﺮوف اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﻘﺼﻮى‬
extreme loading conditions with the structural .‫ﻣﻊ ﺑﻘﺎء اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮًا ﺑﺎﻟ ﻣﻞ‬
system as a whole remaining stable.
 This objective of structural integrity can be ‫وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻫﺪف اﻟﺘﻤﺎﺳﻚ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ ﻫﺬا ﺑﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ 
achieved by an arrangement of structural ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻣﻦ أي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
elements which ensures loads can be ‫ﺗﻌﺮض ﻟﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة اﻟﻘﺎدرة‬
transferred from any locally damaged region to ‫ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ إﻧﺠﺎز ذﻟﻚ‬.‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات ﺗﻠﻚ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
adjacent regions capable of resisting the acting (‫ﺑﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﺳﺘﻤﺮارّﻳﺔ وﻓﺎﺋﺾ وﻗﺪرات ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ )ﻣﺮوﻧﺔ‬
loads. This can be accomplished by providing .‫ﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
sufficient continuity, redundancy, and energy
dissipating capability (ductility) in the design.
 Lateral loads must be transferred from their ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ‬ 
point of application to the foundation. All ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬.‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬
structural elements and connections along the ‫واﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻼت ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮل ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻗﻮة ﻓﻴﺔ وﻣﺮوﻧﺔ‬
load path must have sufficient strength, ‫ﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﺳﻠﺒًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
sufficient ductility to transfer the lateral loads in ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬/‫ وﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬.‫اﻷداء اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ‬
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a manner that does not impair structural ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ورﺳﻮﻣﺎت ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﻜﺲ‬
performance. The A/E shall provide detailed :‫ﻣﺴﺎرات اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
design and drawings which reflect lateral load
paths, such as:
o Transfer shear from floor and roof ‫ﻧﻘﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﺟﺰ اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ واﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬ o
diaphragms to the lateral load resisting .‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﻘﺎوم ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬
system.
o Transfer shear from the lateral load ‫ﻧﻘﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﻘﺎوم ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل‬ o
resisting system to the foundations. .‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬
o Transfer shear between individual wall ‫ﻧﻘﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﺑﻴﻦ أﻟﻮاح اﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﻤﻔﺮدة‬ o
panels (for precast wall panel systems). .(‫)ﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺠﺪران ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬
o Transfer tension caused by .‫ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻗﻮي اﻻﻧﻘﻼب‬ o

overturning forces.
o Transfer shear, bending, and axial ‫ﻧﻘﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل واﻻﻟﺘﻮاء واﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﻮرﻳﺔ‬ o
loads between beams and columns .‫ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت وﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت واﻟﺠﺪران‬
and between beams and walls.
 The A/E shall also provide detailed design and ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬/‫وﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬ 
drawings for connections between structural ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ورﺳﻮﻣﺎت ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺻﻴﻼت ﺑﻴﻦ‬
elements, including: :‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺷﺎﻣًﻼ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
o Column to foundation ‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻮد إﻟﻰ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ o
o Column to column ‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻮد إﻟﻰ ﻋﻤﻮد‬ o
o Beam to column ‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎرﺿﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻋﻤﻮد‬ o
o Slab to beam ‫ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﻃﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻋﺎرﺿﺔ‬ o
o Beam to girder ‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎرﺿﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻋﺎرﺿﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة‬ o
o Beam to beam ‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎرﺿﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻋﺎرﺿﺔ‬ o
o Slab to slab ‫ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﻃﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺑﻼﻃﺔ‬ o
o Wall to foundation ‫ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪار إﻟﻰ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ o
o Slab to wall ‫ﻣﻦ ﺑﻼﻃﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺟﺪار‬ o
o Beam to wall ‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎرﺿﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺟﺪار‬ o
o Wall to wall. ‫ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪار إﻟﻰ ﺟﺪار‬ o
 Stability ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬ 
o Stability shall be provided for the ‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﻛ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬ o
structure as a whole and for each of its ‫ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أي‬.‫وﻟ ﻋﻨﺼٍﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮه‬
elements. Any method that considers ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻵﺛﺎر‬
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the influence of second-order effects, ‫ وﺗﺸﻮﻫﺎت اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ وﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬،‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬

flexural, shear and axial deformations, ‫ واﻟﻌﻴﻮب‬،‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل واﻟﺘﺸﻮﻫﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻮرﻳﺔ‬
geometric imperfections, and stiffness ‫ وﺗﺨﻔﻴﺾ اﻟﻘﺴﺎوة ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬،‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬
reduction due to residual stresses on .‫وﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
the stability of the structures and its
elements is permitted.
o The building foundation must be ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن أﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻗﺎدرة ﻋﻠﻰ‬ o
capable of safely transferring all ‫ﻧﻘﻞ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ واﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﻣﺎن‬
vertical and horizontal forces, due to ‫ إﻟﻰ‬،‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﺰﻳﺞ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ واﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﺪ‬
specified design load combinations, to ‫ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻵﻟﻴﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ واﻟﺼﺨﺮ اﻟﺪاﻋﻢ‬
the supporting soil or rock. The ‫اﻟﻘﻮى اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬
mechanism used for the transmission ‫اﻻﺣﺘ ك ﺑﻴﻦ أﺳﻔﻞ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت واﻷرض أو‬
of horizontal forces may be friction ‫أو‬/‫اﻻﺣﺘ ك ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ واﻷرض و‬
between the bottom of the footing and ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﻷﺳﻄﺢ‬
ground, friction between the floor slab ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ أو ﺟﺪران اﻟﺪور‬
and ground, and/or lateral resistance of .‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ أو اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ أو اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ أو رؤس اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬
soil against vertical surfaces of grade ‫أﻣﺎ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ واﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬
beams, basement walls, footings, piles, ‫أو‬/‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺠﺐ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ اﻻﻧﻘﻼب و‬
or pile caps. The net upward forces on ‫اﻟﻄﻔﻮ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻨﺎ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
footings and piles, which must be ‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬.‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬
resisted to prevent overturning and/or .‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻻﻧﻘﻼب اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ‬
flotation, are discussed in the ‫ ﺑﺼﻮرٍة‬،‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺘﺴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
foundation design. Structures shall be ‫ ﺿﺪ اﻻﻧﺰﻻق‬1.5 ‫ ﺑﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ أﻣﺎن ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬،‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬
designed to resist overturning effects .‫واﻻﻧﻘﻼب واﻟﻄﻔﻮ‬
caused by seismic forces. Building
structures should have, in general, a
minimum safety factor of 1.5 against
sliding, overturning, and flotation
o The following requirements shall be ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أن ُﺗﻌﻜﺲ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ o

reflected in the design and ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺸﻤﻮﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
construction of the building structures :‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬
covered under this subsection:
 Structures shall have adequate ‫إﻋﺪادات إﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬ 

structural configurations ‫ﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﻟﻺدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬
acceptable to the GDMP/ Amanat ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫وأن‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
and shall meet architectural and .‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ واﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوع‬
functional requirements of the
project.
22
 Structures shall demonstrate the ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 

high standards for safety, ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻼﻣﺔ وﻗﻮة اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ وﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻔﺔ‬
durability, and cost effectiveness ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻄﻠﺒﻬﺎ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬
required by the GDMP/ Amanat. .‫ اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
2.1.5 CODES AND STANDARDS ‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬/‫ اﻷﻛﻮاد‬2.1.5

 Design and construction of all building ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 
structures shall be based upon the ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ وﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﺎرﻳﺔ؛‬
requirements of this subsection and existing ‫وﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮد اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬
buildings standards; these shall be from the .(SBC 2018) 2018 ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺔ وﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬
MBC, the Saudi Building Code 2018 (SBC 2018). ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﻴﺔ‬/‫وﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
The AE responsibility is to demonstrate ‫اﺛﺒﺎت اﻻﻟﺘﺰام ﺑﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي وﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬
compatibility between SBC and IBC .‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ‬
requirements.
 The material building codes and standards for ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن أﻛﻮاد وﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﻣﻮاد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
all structures shall be those versions ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﺻﺪارات اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮد اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬
referenced by the MBC. Where a code or ‫ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل وﺟﻮد ﻛﻮد ﻟﻢ ﺗﺮد اﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ‬.‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺔ‬
standard is not referenced by the MBC, but is ‫ ﻟﻜﻦ وردت اﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ‬،‫ﻛﻮد اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺔ‬
referenced by a material building code, the ‫ ﻓُﻴﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﺻﺪار اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ‬،‫ﻛﻮد ﻣﻮاد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬
adopted version of the code shall be that is ‫ وإذا ﺗﻀﻤﻦ إﺻﺪار ﻻﺣﻖ ﻣﻦ أي ﻛﻮد أو‬.‫ﻛﻮد ﻣﻮاد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬
referenced by the material building code. If a ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت ﺗﺤﺴﻦ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ أو ﺟﻮدة اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬
later version of a code or standard has ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻨﺎت ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
provisions which improve safety or quality of .‫ اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
construction, such improvements may be
implemented with GDMP/ Amanat’s approval.
 Adopted codes for building-type structures ‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟ ﻬﻴﺎ‬/‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻷﻛﻮاد‬ 
include: :‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬
2.1.5.1 SAUDI BUILDING CODES ‫ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬2.1.5.1

 SBC 301: Design Loads ‫ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬:SBC 301 
 SBC 302: Construction and Testing ‫ اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ واﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬:SBC 302 
 SBC 304: Concrete Structure Requirements ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬:SBC 304 
 SBC 305: Masonry Structures Requirements ‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت وﺣﺪات ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬:SBC 305 
 SBC 306: Steel Structure Requirements ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬:SBC 306 
2.1.5.2 AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE (ACI) (ACI) ‫ اﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬2.1.5.2

 ACI 117M: Specification for Tolerances for ‫ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬:ACI 117M 
Concrete Construction and Materials and (‫واﻟﻤﻮاد ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎت )ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﺘﺮي‬
Commentary (Metric)
23
 ACI 207.1R: Guide to Mass Concrete (‫ إرﺷﺎدات اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ )ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬:ACI 207.1R 
 ACI 207.2R: Report on Thermal and Volume ‫ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات ﺗﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﺤﺮارة واﻟﺤﺠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬:ACI 207.2R 
Change Effects on Cracking of Mass Concrete ‫ﺗﺸﻘﻖ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ‬
 ACI 207.4: Cooling and Insulating Systems for ‫ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺪ واﻟﻌﺰل ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ‬:ACI 207.4 
Mass Concrete
 ACI 313: Standard Practice for Design and ‫ اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬:ACI 313 
Construction of Concrete Silos and Stacking .‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ وأﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬
Tubes for Storing Granular Materials
 ACI 315: Details and Detailing of Concrete ‫ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬:ACI 315 
Reinforcement
 ACI 318M: Building Code Requirements for ‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ‬:ACI 318M 
Structural Concrete and Commentary ‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎت‬
 ACI 350M: Metric Code Requirements for ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﻤﺘﺮي ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬:ACI 350M 
Environmental Engineering Concrete ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎت‬
Structures and Commentary
 ACI 350.2R: Concrete Structures for ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻻﺣﺘﻮاء اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺨﻄﺮة‬ ‫ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬:ACI 350.2R 
Containment of Hazardous Materials
 ACI 351.1R: Grouting between Foundations and ‫ اﻟﻤﻼط ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت واﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ‬:ACI 351.1R 
Bases for Support of Equipment and Machinery ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪات واﻵﻟﻴﺎت‬
 ACI 351.2R: Foundations for Static Equipment ‫ أﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬:ACI 351.2R 
 ACI 351.3R: Foundations for Dynamic ‫ أﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬:ACI 351.3R 

Equipment
‫ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرض‬:ACI 360R 

 ACI 360R: Guide to Design of Slabs-on-Ground
 ACI 371R: Guide for the Analysis, Design, and ‫ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ وﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﺻﻬﺎرﻳﺞ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬:ACI 371R 
Construction of Elevated Concrete and .‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ‬-‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ واﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
Composite Steel-Concrete Water Storage
Tanks
24
 ACI 530/530.1: Building Code Requirements ‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء وﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬:ACI 530/530.1 
and Specification for Masonry Structures and ‫وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎت اﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬
Companion Commentaries
 ACI 544.1R: State-of-the-Art Report on Fiber ‫ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬:ACI 544.1R 
Reinforced Concrete ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎف‬
 ACI 544.2R: Measurement of Properties of ‫ ﻗﻴﺎس ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬:ACI 544.2R 

Fiber Reinforced Concrete ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎف‬
 ACI 544.3R: Guide for Specifying, ‫ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ وﻗﻴﺎس ﻧﺴﺐ وﻣﺰج ووﺿﻊ‬:ACI 544.3R 
Proportioning, Mixing, Placing and Finishing ‫وﺗﺸﻄﻴﺐ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻮﻻذ واﻷﻟﻴﺎف‬
Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete
 ACI 544.4R: Design Considerations for Steel ‫ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬:ACI 351.3R 
Fiber Reinforced Concrete ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻮﻻذ واﻷﻟﻴﺎف‬
 ACI SP 226: Autoclaved Aerated Concrete- ‫ اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬- ‫ اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻮق اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺨﻔﻴﻒ‬:ACI SP 226 
Properties and Structural Design ‫واﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ‬
2.1.5.3 AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL (AISC)‫ اﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻟﻺﻧﺸﺎءات اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ‬2.1.5.3

CONSTRUCTION (AISC)
 Manual of Steel Construction ‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻹﻧﺸﺎءات اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ 
 AISC 303 Code of Standard Practice for Steel ‫ ﻛﻮد اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬AISC 303 
Buildings and Bridges ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ واﻟﺠﺴﻮر‬
 AISC 360 Specification for Structural Steel ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬AISC 360 
Buildings
 Specification for Structural Joints Using High ‫ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺒﺮاﻏﻲ ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ‬ 
Strength Bolts ‫اﻟﻘﻮة‬
 AISC Design Guide Series Numbers 1- 29. .29 -1 ‫ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ أدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ رﻗﻢ‬AISC 
2.1.5.4 AMERICAN IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE (AISI) ‫ اﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪاﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺪ واﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬2.1.5.4
(AISI)
 AISI S100 North American Specification for the ‫ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت أ ﻣﺮﻳ اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬AISI S100 
Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural ‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺸ ّ ﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺎرد ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎت‬
Members and Commentary
25
 AISI D100 Cold-Formed Steel Design Manual ‫ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬ ّ ‫ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﺸ‬AISI D100 
‫اﻟﺒﺎرد‬
 AISI S200 North American Standard for Cold- ‫اﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻹﻃﺎرات اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬ ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ أﻣﺮﻳ‬AISI S200 
Formed Steel Framing ‫اﻟﻤﺸ ّ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺎرد‬
2.1.5.5 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ‫ﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬.‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ‬ ‫ اﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ‬2.1.5.5

INSTITUTE (ANSI) (ANSI) ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
 ANSI/ASCE3 Standard for the Structural Design ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬ANSI/ASCE3 
of Composite Slabs ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬
2.1.5.6 AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS (ASCE) ‫ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﻴﻦ‬2.1.5.6
(ASCE)
 ASCE 10 Design of Latticed Steel Transmission ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺸﺎﺑﻜﺔ‬ ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ASCE 10 
Structures
 ASCE 20 Standard Guide for the Design and ‫ اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ أﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ASCE 20 
Inst. of Pile Foundations ‫اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬
2.1.5.7 ASCE/SEI: AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬ :ASCE/SEI 2.1.5.7
ENGINEERS - STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ‫ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬- ‫اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﻴﻦ‬
INSTITUTE
 ASCE 5/ACI 530 Building Code Requirements ‫وﺣﺪات‬ ‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ASCE 5/ACI 530 
for Masonry Structures ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬
 ASCE/SEI 7 Minimum Design Loads for ‫ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ASCE/SEI 7 
Buildings and Other Structures ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
 ASCE/SEI 8 Specification for the Design of ‫ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ASCE/SEI 8 
Cold Formed Stainless-steel Structural ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺎرد‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺼﺪأ اﻟﻤﺸ‬
Members
 ASCE/SEI 11 Guideline for Structural Condition ‫ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ‬ASCE/SEI 11 
Assessment of Existing Buildings ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬
 ASCE/AF&PA 16 Standard for Load and ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬ASCE/AF&PA 16 

Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) for .‫اﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة‬ ‫( ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬LRFD) ‫واﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
Engineered Wood Construction
 ASCE/SEI 19 Structural Applications of Steel ‫ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ ﻟﻠ ﺑﻼت‬ASCE/SEI 19 

Cables for Buildings ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬
26
 ASCE/SEI 23 Specifications for Structural Steel ‫ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ‬ASCE/SEI 23 
Beams with Web Openings ‫ﻣﻊ ﻓﺘﺤﺎت ﺷﺒﻜﻴﺔ‬
 ASCE/SEI 24 Flood Resistant Design and ‫ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ واﻹﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻤﻘﺎوم ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻮل‬ASCE/SEI 24 

Construction
 ASCE/SEI 37 Design Loads on Structures ‫أﺛﻨﺎء‬ ‫ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ASCE/SEI 37 

During Construction ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬
 ASCE/SEI 48 Design of Steel Transmission Pole ‫أﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ASCE/SEI 48 
Structures
 ASCE/SEI 49 Wind Tunnel Testing for Buildings ‫ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر أﻧﻔﺎق اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ASCE/SEI 49 
and Other Structures ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
 ASCE/SEI 52 Design of Fiberglass-Reinforced ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻌﺎت اﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ اﻟﻤﻘﻮى‬ASCE/SEI 52 

Plastic (FRP) Stacks ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎف اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ‬
 ASCE/SEI 55 Tensile Membrane Structures ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺪ‬ ‫ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ASCE/SEI 55 
 ASCE/SEI 59 Blast Protection of Buildings ‫ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺿﺪ اﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر‬ASCE/SEI 59 
 ASCE/SEI/SFPE 29 Standard Calculation ‫ ﻃﺮق اﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﻟ ﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺮاﺋﻖ‬ASCE/SEI/SFPE 29 

Methods for Structural Fire ‫اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ‬
2.1.5.8 AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY (AWS) (AWS) ‫ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﺤﻴﻢ‬2.1.5.8

 AWS D1.1M Structural Welding Code ‫ ﻛﻮد اﻟﻠﺤﺎم اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ‬AWS D1.1M 
 AWS D1.4M Structural Welding Code ‫ ﻛﻮد اﻟﻠﺤﺎم اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬AWS D1.4M 
Reinforcing Steel
2.1.5.9 CONCRETE REINFORCING STEEL INSTITUTE (CRSI) ‫ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﺰز ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬2.1.5.9
(CRSI)
 Manual of Standard Practice ‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ‬ 
 CRSI Design Handbook ‫ ﻛﺘﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬CRSI 
 Reinforcing Bars: Anchorages and Splices ‫ اﻟﻤﺮاﺳﻲ واﻟﻮﺻﻼت‬:‫ﻗﻀﺒﺎن اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬ 
2.1.5.10 INTERNATIONAL CODE COUNCIL (ICC) (ICC) ‫ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ‬2.1.5.10

 ICC IBC International Building Code ‫ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ‬ICC IBC 
 ICC IEBC International Existing Building Code ‫ ﻛﻮد اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ‬ICC IEBC 
27
 ICC IECC International Energy Conservation ‫ ﻛﻮد ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺪ اﺳﺘﻬﻼك اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ‬ICC IECC 
Code
 ICC ICCPC Performance Code for Buildings and ‫ ﻛﻮد أداء اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ واﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻖ‬ICC ICCPC 
Facilities
 ICC IRC International Residential Code for One- ‫ ﻛﻮد اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻛﻦ اﻷﺳﺮة‬ICC IRC 
and Two-Family Dwellings ‫اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة واﻷﺳﺮﺗﻴﻦ‬
 ICC ISPSC International Swimming Pool and ‫ ﻛﻮد أﺣﻮاض اﻟﺴﺒﺎﺣﺔ واﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﻌﺎت اﻟﺪوﻟﻲ‬ICC ISPSC 
Spa Code
2.1.5.11 METAL BUILDING MANUFACTURERS ‫ اﻻﺗﺤﺎد اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬2.1.5.11

ASSOCIATION (MBMI) (MBMI)
 MBMA Manual Metal Building Manufacturers ‫ دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﻴﻦ اﻟﻴﺪوﻳﻴﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬MBMA 
Manual
2.1.5.12 METAL STUD MANUFACTURERS (MSMA) ‫ راﺑﻄﺔ ﻣﺼَﻨﻌﻲ اﻟﺨﻮاﺑﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬2.1.5.12

ASSOCIATION (MSMA)
2.1.5.13 AMERICAN WOOD COUNCIL (AWC) (AWC) ‫ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺲ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﺸﺐ‬2.1.5.13
 National Design Specification for Wood - ‫ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﻧﺸﺎءات اﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ‬ 
Construction - ASD/LRFD ASD/LRFD
2.1.5.14 PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOCIATION (PCA) (PCA) ‫ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﺳﻤﻨﺖ اﻟﺒﻮرﺗﻼﻧﺪي‬2.1.5.14

 ASCE 10 Design of Latticed Steel Transmission ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺸﺎﺑﻜﺔ‬ ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ASCE 10 
Structures
 ASCE 20 Standard Guide for the Design and ‫ اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ أﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ASCE 20 
Inst. of Pile Foundations ‫اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬
2.1.5.15 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (OSHA) ‫ إدارة اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ واﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬2.1.5.15
ADMINISTRATION (OSHA)
 OSHA 1910 Regulations for General Industry ‫ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎت اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬OSHA 1910 
 OSHA 1926 Regulations for Construction ‫ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬OSHA 1926 
2.1.5.16 PRECAST/PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE (PCI) ‫اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬/‫ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬2.1.5.16

INSTITUTE (PCI)
 PCI TR-7 PCI Standard Design Practice ‫ اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬PCI TR-7 PCI 
 PCI MNL-116 Manual for Quality Control for ‫ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﺠﻮدة ﻵﻟﻴﺎت وإﻧﺘﺎج ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت‬PCI MNL-116 
Plants and Production of Structural Precast ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎة اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬
Concrete Products
28
 PCI MNL-117 Manual for Quality Control for ‫ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﺠﻮدة ﻵﻟﻴﺎت وإﻧﺘﺎج‬PCI MNL-117 
Plants and Production of Architectural Precast ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬
Concrete Products
 PCI MNL-119 PCI Drafting Handbook - Precast ‫ ﻛﺘﻴﺐ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬PCI MNL-119 PCI 
and Pre-Stressed Concrete ‫وﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬
 PCI MNL-120 PCI Design Handbook ‫ ﻛﺘﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬PCI MNL-120 PCI 
 PCI MNL-123 Design and Typical Details of ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ وﺻﻼت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬PCI MNL-123 
Connections for Precast and Pre-Stressed ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ وﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬
Concrete
 PCI MNL-124 Design for Fire Resistance of ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬PCI MNL-124 
Precast/Pre-Stressed Concrete ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬
 PCI MNL-129 Precast Pre-Stressed Concrete ‫ﻣﻮاﻗﻒ اﻟﺴﻴﺎرات ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ ﻫﻴﺎ‬PCI MNL-129 
Parking Structures: Recommended Practices ‫ اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﺴﻨﺔ‬:‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬
for Design and Construction ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ واﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬
 PCI MNL-138 PCI Connections Manual for ‫ دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﻮﺻﻼت ﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬PCI MNL-138 PCI 
Precast & Pre-Stressed Concrete Construction ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬
2.2 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻠّﺒﺎت ﻋﺎّﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬2.2

2.2.1 GENERAL ‫ ﻋﺎم‬2.2.1
 The MBC, i.e., the SBC 2018, provides minimum ‫ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﻛﻮد اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺔ )ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬ 
design requirements for buildings structures. ‫( اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬SBC 2018
However, the A/E may resort to the codes and ‫ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺸﺎري‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ،ٍ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬ .‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬
standards listed in Subsection 2.1.5 for design ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ اﻟﻠﺠﻮء إﻟﻰ اﻷﻛﻮاد واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬/‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
requirements not adequately addressed by the ‫( ﻟﻼﻃﻼع ﻋﻠﻰ‬5-1-2) ‫اﻟﻤﺪرﺟﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬
MBC. ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻌﺎﻟﺠﻬﺎ ﻛﻮد اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬
.‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺔ ﺑﺸ ٍ واٍف‬
 The A/E shall develop cost-effective designs ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ إﻋﺪاد ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎت‬/ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬ 
that provide the GDMP/ Amanat with the most ‫ﻓّﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﺘ ﻔﺔ ُﺗﺰود اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬
efficient buildings structures. Therefore, the ،‫ وﻟﻬﺬا‬.‫ اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻫﻴﺎ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬/ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
A/E shall incorporate repetitive modular ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬/‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
structural members and components in .‫وﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻫﻴ ﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻜﺮرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
designs.
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 The A/E shall design all structures in the scope ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬/‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬ 
of work, and shall not relegate this task, directly ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ ﻧﻄﺎق اﻷﻋﻤﺎل وﻋﺪم إﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻫﺬه‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
or indirectly, to a Fabricator or Contractor. Use ‫ إﻟﻰ ﺟﻬﺔ‬،‫ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘٍﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة أو ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬،‫اﻟﻤﻬﻤ ﺔ‬
of the word "Similar" in description of details is ‫ وﻻ ﻳﺤﺒﺬ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻤﺔ "ﻣﺜﻞ" أو‬.‫ﻣﺼّﻨﻌﺔ أو إﻟﻰ ﻣﻘﺎول‬
discouraged. The A/E shall provide sufficient ‫ وﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري‬.‫"ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ" ﻓﻲ وﺻﻒ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴ ﻞ‬
details on the drawings so that structural work ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬/‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
can be accurately priced and constructed. ‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺴﻌﻴﺮ وإﻧﺸﺎء اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﺑﺪﻗﺔ‬
 The A/E shall coordinate structural work with all ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ‬/‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬ 
other disciplines and be "proactive" in this by ‫اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى وأن ﻳﻜﻮن‬
reviewing all other disciplines' related drawings ‫"اﺳﺘﺒﺎﻗﻴًﺎ" ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺼﺪد ﺑﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ رﺳﻮﻣﺎت‬
and be aware of revisions in the other ‫اﻟﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎت ذات اﻟﺼﻠﺔ وأن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ إﻟﻤﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺎت‬
disciplines designs at the various design ‫ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬
stages (10%, 30%, 60%, 90% and 100%). This ‫ وﻳﻀﻤﻦ‬.(%100‫ و‬%90 ,%60 ,%30 ,%10) ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
would ensure incorporation of all coordination- ‫ذﻟﻚ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻓﻲ‬
related revisions in the final structural design. .‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬
 The A/E shall be aware of all loads and ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻠﻤًﺎ‬/‫وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬ 
requirements of other disciplines, including ‫ﺑﺠﻤﻴﻊ أﺣﻤﺎل وﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗ‬
those for housekeeping, inertia bases, ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺘﺄﻣﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰات واﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت وﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻘﺼﻮر‬
operating weights and equipment, window ‫اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ واﻷوزان واﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ وﻣﻌﺪات ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ‬
washing equipment etc. .‫اﻟﻨﻮاﻓﺬ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
 The A/E shall verify that there are no conflicts ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪم‬/‫وﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬ 
of "space" in the design and that structural ‫وﺟﻮد أي ﺗﻀﺎرب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ وأن اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬
framing is not clashing with any other ‫اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﺎرض ﻣﻊ أٍي ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ اﻷﺧﺮى‬
components of the building introduced by .‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى‬
other disciplines design.
 The A/E shall show all structural penetrations, ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬/‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬ 
due to above conflicts, on the drawings and ‫ اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮرة‬،‫اﻻﺧﺘﺮاﻗﺎت اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ‬
show sections through the building in critical ‫ًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ اﻟﻤ ﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬،‫آﻧﻔ‬
areas indicating the location on the structure ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺤﺮﺟﺔ واﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ ﻣﻮاﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
and its relation in space to the conflicting .‫وﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻀﺎرﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬
components.
 The A/E shall review and design all "secondary" ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ وﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬/‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬ 
structures detailed on other disciplines' ‫"اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ" اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
drawings, such as stairs shown on architectural ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺴﻼﻟﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
drawings, retaining walls shown on landscape ‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ واﻟﺠﺪران اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
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drawings, mechanical platforms shown on ‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻇﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﻨﺼﺎت‬
mechanical drawings. ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
.‫اﻟﻤﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
 The A/E shall coordinate, design, and detail all ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ وﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬/‫وﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬ 
connections of non-structural elements to ‫ووﺿﻊ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻼت اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ‬
supporting structural elements. .‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ‬
 Building structures shall be configured to ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ إﻋﺪاد ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 
comply with the Fire and Smoke Protection ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺿﺪ اﻟﺤﺮاﺋﻖ واﻟﺪﺧﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮد‬
Features chapter of the MBC, other regulations, ‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز‬/‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺔ وﻏﻴﺮه ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ واﻷﻛﻮاد‬
codes & standards, as applicable, and as ‫واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺴﺎرﻳﺔ ووﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎت اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
directed by GDMP/ Amanat. .‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ واﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬
 Other structures shall be configured for fire ‫اﻷﺧﺮى ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺿﺪ اﻟﺤﺮاﺋﻖ واﻟﺪﺧﺎن‬ ‫وﻳﺠﺐ إﻋﺪاد اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
and smoke protection in accordance with ‫أو ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎت اﻹدارة‬/‫وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ و‬
industry standards, and/or as directed by the .‫ اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
GDMP/ Amanat.
 Design Details: :‫ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 

Proper drainage shall be provided for the following :‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻼﺋﻢ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻻت واﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
conditions or locations:
o All surfaces of the structure exposed to ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻬﻴ‬ o
weather shall be sloped to drain. ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ذات ﻣﻴﻼن ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺎه‬
.‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
o Intersecting surfaces forming valleys ‫أﺧﺎدﻳﺪ أو‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﺘﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸ‬ o
or pockets that may retain water shall ‫ﺟﻴﻮب ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺎء ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺼﻮرة‬
be arranged to provide proper .‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻔًﺎ ﺟﻴﺪًا‬
drainage of the surfaces.
o Structural steel and wood members ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ‬ o
shall be designed so that they would ‫واﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻻ ﺗﺤﻔﻆ اﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ أو ﺑﺼﻮرٍة‬
not retain moisture or, when arranged ‫ﺗﻤﻨﻊ اﺣﺘﻘﺎن اﻟﻤﺎء ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺷ‬
in pairs or multiples, water or moisture .‫أزواج أو أﻛﺜﺮ‬
is not trapped between the members.
o Structural items such as expansion ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ أﻟﻮاح اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬ o
plates, rocker joints, and surfaces ‫واﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺄرﺟﺤﺔ واﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ‬
intended to permit movement shall be ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺤﻤﻴﺔ‬
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designed so that they are protected ‫ﻣﻦ أي ﺗﻤﺎس ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺎء أو اﻟﺒﺨﺎر اﻟﻤﺘﻜﺜﻒ‬
against direct contact with water or ‫ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻔﻮري‬
condensation and shall be detailed to .‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎه‬
readily drain water.
o Surfaces and members shall be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷﺳﻄﺢ واﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ‬ o
designed so that water may be drained ‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻼﻣﺲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
from points where steel contacts or ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ ﻣﻊ وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء أو اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ أو ﻳﺪﺧﻞ‬
enters into masonry or concrete. .‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
2.2.2 STRENGTH ‫ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬2.2.2

Buildings and other structures, and all parts thereof, ‫وأﺟﺰاءﻫﺎ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
shall be designed and constructed to support safely ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺼّﻌﺪة ﺑﺄﻣﺎن ﻓﻲ ﻣﺰﻳﺞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﺪد ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا‬
the factored loads in the load combinations defined in ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ دون ﺗﺠﺎوز ﺣﺪود اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻤﻮاد‬
this subsection without exceeding the specified ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬،‫ وﺑﺪًﻻ ﻋﻦ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬
strength limit states for the materials of construction. ‫وأﺟﺰاءﻫﺎ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻻﺳﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﻣﺎن ﻓﻲ ﻣﺰﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
Alternatively, buildings and other structures, and all ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﺪد ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ دون ﺗﺠﺎوز ﺣﺪود اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬
parts thereof, shall be designed and constructed to .‫اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻬﺎ ﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬
support safely the nominal loads in the load
combinations defined in this subsection, without
exceeding specified allowable stresses for the
materials of construction.
2.2.3 SERVICEABILITY ‫ اﻟﺼﻼﺣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬2.2.3

 Serviceability is a state in which the function of ‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ 
a building, its appearance, maintainability, ‫ﻋﻠﻰ وﻇﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ وﻣﻈﻬﺮه وﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ وﺗﺤﻤﻠﻪ‬
durability and comfort of its occupants are ‫واﻟﺮاﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻮﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﻟﺸﺎﻏﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻇﺮوف اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
preserved under normal usage. Limiting values ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻮك اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ‬.‫اﻟﻌﺎدي‬
of structural behaviour for serviceability (such ‫ﻟﻠﺼﻼﺣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺔ )ﻣﺜﻞ اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻗﺼﻰ واﻟﺘﺴﺎرع( ﻣﻊ‬
as maximum deflections and accelerations) ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬.‫اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎط اﻟ ﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺰﻣﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬
shall be chosen with due regard to the intended ‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺰﻳﺞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻢ ﻟﺤﺎﻻت‬
function of the structure. Serviceability shall be .‫ﺣﺪود اﻟﺼﻼﺣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة‬
evaluated using appropriate load combinations
for the specified serviceability limit states.
 Serviceability limit states, service loads, and ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻻﻃﻼع ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﺣﺎﻻت ﺣﺪود اﻟﺼﻼﺣﻴﺔ‬ 
appropriate load combinations for ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺔ وأﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ وﻣﺰﻳﺞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻢ ﻟﻠﺼﻼﺣﻴﺔ‬
serviceability requirements can be found in .("‫ )اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻖ "ج‬ASCE 7-16 ‫ أو‬SBC 2018 ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
SBC 2018 or ASCE 7-16 (Appendix C). Service ‫ ﻫﻲ‬،‫ ﺣﺴﺐ اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت ﻫﺬه اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ‬،‫إن أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
loads, as stipulated herein, are those that act on ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ُﺟﺰاﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
the structure at an arbitrary point in time and .‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ وﻻ ُﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎدة ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻬﺎ أﺣﻤﺎل اﺳﻤﻴﺔ‬
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are not usually taken as the nominal loads
2.2.3.1 CAMBER ‫ اﻟﺘﺤﺪب‬2.2.3.1

Where camber is used to achieve proper position and ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﺤﺪب ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺻﻞ إﻟﻰ وﺿﻌﻴﺔ وﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬
location of the structure, the magnitude, direction and ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ واﺗﺠﺎه وﻣ ن اﻟﺘﺤﺪب ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
location of camber shall be specified in the structural .‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ‬
drawings.
 For Reinforced Concrete Members: :‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ 

o Beam and Slab Form Cambers: :‫اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت واﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺤﺪب‬ o
 Where beams and/or slabs have ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل اﺷﺘﺮاك اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت واﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻓﻲ‬ 
centreline to centreline support ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ دﻋﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﻂ‬
spans greater than or equal to 9 m, ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬9 ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ أو ﺗﺴﺎوي‬
the forms shall be cambered up 3 3 ‫ ﻣﻢ ﻟ‬3 ‫أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﺤﺪب اﻟﻘﻮاﻟﺐ ﺣﺘﻰ‬
mm for each 3 m of span. .‫أﻣﺘﺎر ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺪﻋﻢ‬
 Where cantilevered beams and/or ‫أو‬/‫وﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﻋﻮارض ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺔ و‬ 

slabs have centreline of support to ‫ﺑﻼﻃﺎت ﻟﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﻟﻠﺪﻋﻢ‬
end of member spans greater than ‫إﻟﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ أو‬
or equal to 3 m, the forms shall be ‫ أﻣﺘﺎر ﻓﻴﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﺤﺪب‬3 ‫ﺗﺴﺎوي‬
cambered up 25 mm for each 3 m ‫ أﻣﺘﺎر ﻣﻦ‬3 ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﻟ‬25 ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻟﺐ ﺣﺘﻰ‬
of cantilever span. .‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟ ﺑﻮﻟﻲ‬
 For Pre-Cast/Pre-Stressed Concrete ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬/‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬ 

Members: :‫اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬
o Camber for all pre-cast/pre-stressed ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﺪب ﻟ‬ o
members shall be designed in ‫ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻜﺘﻴﺐ‬/‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬
accordance with the PCI design .PCI ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
handbook.
 For Structural Steel Members: :‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬ 

o Camber for all structural steel ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﺪب ﻟ ﻓﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬ o
members shall be designed in ,SBC 2018-306 ‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
accordance with the SBC 2018-306, .‫ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‬,AISC DG-3‫و‬
and AISC DG-3, Chapter 5
2.2.3.2 DEFLECTIONS ‫ اﻻﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت‬2.2.3.2

 Deflections in structural members and ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﺗﻌﻮق اﻻﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ واﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ 
structural systems under appropriate service ‫اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻇﺮوف أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺔ‬
load combinations shall not impair ‫ وﺑﺼﻮرٍة ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﺗﺘﺠﺎوز اﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت‬.‫ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬
33
serviceability of the structure. Generally, :‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﺤﺪود ﺗﺤﻔﻈًﺎ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ‬
deflection of structural members shall not
exceed the more restrictive of the limitations
specified in:
o SBC 2018-301. .SBC 2018-301 o
o SBC 2018-304 For Concrete Structural .‫ ﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬SBC 2018-304 o

Members.
o SBC 2018-305 For Masonry Structural ‫ ﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬SBC 2018-305 o

Members. .‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
o SBC 20018-306 For Steel Structural .‫ ﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺒﻠﻮك اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬SBC 20018-306 o

Members.
 Conditions to be considered include levelness ‫وﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ أﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﺳﺘﻮاء‬ 
of floors, alignment of structural members, ‫اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ وﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ وﺗﻤﺎﺳﻚ ﺗﺸﻄﻴﺐ‬
integrity of building finishes, and other factors ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
that affect normal usage and function of the ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬. ‫واﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
structure. For composite members, additional ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻻﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت‬
deflections due to shrinkage and creep of .‫اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻦ اﻧﻜﻤﺎش وزﺣﻒ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
concrete shall be considered in the design.
2.2.3.3 DRIFT ‫ اﻻﻧﺰﻳﺎح‬2.2.3.3

 Drift of a structure shall be evaluated under ‫ﺗﺤﺖ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎن أداء‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻧﺰﻳﺎح اﻟﻬﻴ‬ 
service loads to provide required serviceability ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻚ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
performance of the structure, including ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ اﻻﻧﺰﻳﺎح‬.‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻜﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬
integrity of interior partitions and exterior ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة أو‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﺰﻳﺞ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺘﺼﺎدم ﻣﻊ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
cladding. Drift under strength load ‫ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز ﻗﻴﻢ ﺣﺪود اﻻﻧﺰﻳﺎح اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮد اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬
combinations shall not cause collision with .‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺔ‬
adjacent structures or exceed the limiting drift
values specified by the MBC.
 Drift of a structure shall not exceed the SBC ‫اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز اﻧﺰﻳﺎح اﻟﻬﻴ‬ 
limitations outlined in the SBC 2018-301 and ‫( ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل‬12-12) ‫ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ASCE 7-16‫ و‬2018-301
ASCE 7-16 Section 12.12 for seismic loading ‫اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﺗﺤﺖ ﻇﺮوف اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬
concerning stability under ultimate loading .‫اﻟﻘﺼﻮى‬
condition.
34
 Drift due to wind shall be checked under ‫ﺗﺠﺐ دراﺳﺔ اﻻﻧﺰﻳﺎح ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﺗﺤﺖ أﺣﻤﺎل ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬ 
service level loads and shall not exceed h/500, ‫ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻃﺎﺑﻖ‬h ‫ ﺣﻴﺚ‬h/500 ‫اﻟﺨﺪة وﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز‬
where "h" is story height of the structure with :‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬
the following exceptions:
o For brittle cladding, story drift shall not ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﺳﻬﻠﺔ اﻻﻧﻜﺴﺎر ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ‬ o
exceed h/600, or criteria set by ‫ أو اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎر اﻟﺬي ﺗﺤﺪده‬h/600 ‫ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز اﻻﻧﺰﻳﺎح‬
manufacturer, whichever governs. .‫ أﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﻳﻬﻴﻤﻦ‬،‫اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟُﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ‬
o For glazed cladding, maximum story ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺰﺟﺠﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن‬ o
drift shall be limited to 10 mm, or ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ أو اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎر اﻟﺬي‬10 ‫اﻻﻧﺰﻳﺎح ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪود‬
criteria set by manufacturer, whichever .‫ أﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﻳﻬﻴﻤﻦ‬،‫ﺗﺤﺪده اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟُﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ‬
governs.
2.2.3.4 VIBRATIONS ‫ اﻻﻫﺘﺰازات‬2.2.3.4

 Floor systems susceptible to vibration shall be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻷرﺿﻴﺎت اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﻫﺘﺰاز ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻻ‬ 
designed so that vibrations would have no ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻼﻫﺘﺰازات ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﺷﻐﺎل اﻟﻤﺰﻣﻊ‬
significant adverse effects on the intended .‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬
occupancy of the building.
 Where the fundamental vibration frequency of ‫إذا ﻧﺖ ذﺑﺬﺑﺎت اﻻﻫﺘﺰاز اﻟﻤﺒﺪﺋﻲ ﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻫﻴ ﻲ ﻳﺤﻤﻞ‬ 
a structural system supporting an assembly, ‫ﺗﺠﻤﻌﺎت أو ﻧﻮﻋًﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺷﻐﺎل ﻳﺆدي أﻧﺸﻄﺔ إﻳﻘﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
occupancy used for rhythmic activities such as ‫ﺗﻤﺎرﻳﻦ اﻟﻘﻔﺰ واﻟﺠﻤﺒﺎز وأﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺸﺎة واﻵﻟﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺒﺒﺔ‬
jumping exercises, gymnastics, pedestrian ‫ ﻓﺘﺠﺐ دراﺳﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﺮدد‬،‫ ﻫﺮﺗﺰ‬6 ‫ﻟﻼﻫﺘﺰاز وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
loading, vibrating machinery, etc. is less than .‫اﻻﻫﺘﺰاز ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ‬
6Hz, the effects of resonance shall be
investigated by means of dynamic analysis.
o For Concrete Structural Members: :‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ o

 Pre-Cast/Pre-Stressed Concrete ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ 
Structural Members shall be ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬/‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬
designed for vibration in ‫ﻟﻼﻫﺘﺰاز وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻷدﻟﺔ ﻛﺘﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
accordance with PCI Design Hand .PCI
Book guideline.
o For Steel Structural Members: :‫أﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ o

 Steel Structural Members shall be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ 
designed for vibration in ‫ﻟﻼﻫﺘﺰاز وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻷدﻟﺔ ﻛﺘﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
accordance with AISC DG-3, .PCI
Chapter 6 and DG-11.
2.2.3.5 EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION ‫ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد واﻟﺘﻘﻠﺺ‬2.2.3.5
35
The effects of thermal expansion and contraction of a ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻟﺘﻤﺪد واﻟﺘﻘﻠﺺ اﻟﺤﺮاري‬
building shall be considered in the design. Damage to ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺆدي ﺗﻠﻒ ﺗﻜﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ إﻟﻰ اﺧﺘﺮاق اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬.‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬
building cladding can cause water penetration and . ‫وﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﺠﻢ ﻋﻨﻪ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺸ ﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺂ‬
may lead to corrosion-related problems.
2.2.3.6 CONNECTION SLIP ‫ اﻧﺰﻻق اﻟﻮﺻﻼت‬2.2.3.6

The effects of connection slip shall be included in the ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻧﺰﻻق اﻟﻮﺻﻼت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن‬
design where slip at bolted connections may cause ‫ﻳﺴﺒﺐ اﻧﺰﻻق اﻟﻮﺻﻼت اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﺒﺮاﻏﻲ ﺗﺸﻮﻫًﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻌﻴﻖ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺔ‬
deformations that impair serviceability of the ‫ًﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻮﺻﻼت‬،‫ وﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ن ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻼﺋﻤ‬.‫ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬
structure. Where appropriate, the connection shall be .SBC 2018-306 ‫ﺑﺼﻮرٍة ﺗﻤﻨﻊ أي اﻧﺰﻻق وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬
designed to preclude slip in accordance with the SBC
2018-306
2.2.4 ANALYSIS ‫ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬2.2.4

 Load effects on individual structural members ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺮدة‬ 
shall be determined by methods of structural ‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻀﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺘﻮازن‬
analysis that consider equilibrium, general ‫واﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار اﻟﻌﺎم واﻟﺘﻮاﻓﻖ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ واﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‬
stability, geometric compatibility, and both .‫وﻗﺼﻴﺮة اﻟﻤﺪى ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد‬
short- and long-term material properties.
 The A/E shall develop an accurate 3D model of ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ إﻋﺪاد ﻧﻤﻮذج‬/‫وﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬ 
the structure which captures actual rigidities of ‫ﻳﺴﺠﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﻘﺴﺎوة‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد دﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
the lateral force resisting systems and accurate ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬
load application. The total lateral force is ‫ ُﺗﻮزع اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫ وﺑﺼﻮرٍة ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل‬
generally distributed to the various elements of ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬
the lateral-force-resisting system in proportion ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﻗﺴﺎوﺗﻬﺎ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ‬
to their rigidities, including rigidities of ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﻗﺴﺎوة ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺮﺑﻂ اﻷﻓﻘﻲ وﺣﻮاﺟﺰ اﻟﺘﻘﻮﻳﺔ‬
horizontal bracing systems and diaphragms. .‫اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬
2.2.5 RISK CATEGORIES ‫ ﻓﺌﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬2.2.5

Each building and structure shall be classified in SBC 2018- ‫وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻰ وﻫﻴ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬
accordance with the SBC 2018-301 and ASCE 7-16 "‫( ﻷﺟﻞ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ "ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬5-1) ‫ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ASCE 7-16‫ و‬301
Section 1.5 for the purposes of applying "Importance ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ أﺣﺪ‬.‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺴﻴﻮل واﻟﺮﻳﺎح واﻟﻬﺰات اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬
Factor" in flood, wind and earthquake provisions. ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﺌﺔ إﺷﻐﺎل أو ﻓﺌﺔ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﻋﺪم‬
Where a referenced standard specifies an occupancy .‫أﺧﺬ ﻓﺌﺔ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
category or the risk category, it shall not be taken as
lower than the occupancy category specified therein
2.2.6 COUNTERACTING STRUCTURAL ACTIONS ‫ إﺑﻄﺎل اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ‬2.2.6

All structural members and systems, and all ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ واﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ وﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬
components and cladding in a building-type or other ‫اﻷﺧﺮى ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ أو اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
36
structure, shall be designed to resist forces due to ‫اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻬﺰات اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ واﻟﺮﻳﺎح وﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ واﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
earthquake, wind, soil and hydrostatic pressure and ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ وأﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﻴﻮل ﻣﻊ أﺧﺬ اﻻﻧﻘﻼب واﻻﻧﺰﻻق‬
flood loads, with consideration of overturning, sliding, ‫واﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر وﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺎرات اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻫﺬه‬
and uplift, and continuous load paths shall be provided ‫ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻻﻧﺰﻻق ﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬.‫اﻟﻘﻮى إﻟﻰ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬
for transmitting these forces to the foundation. Where .‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻻﺣﺘ ك ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻘﺔ ﻛﻘﻮى ﻣﺆﺛﺮة‬
sliding is used to isolate the elements, the effects of ‫أو ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻘﻮى ﻧﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ أﺣﻤﺎٍل‬ ‫وإذا ﻧﺖ‬
friction between sliding elements shall be included as ‫ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ أﺧﺬ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺗﻠﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ‬
a force. Where all or a portion of the resistance to ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺤﺪث اﻟﻤﺆدي إﻟﻰ ﻇﻬﻮر اﻟﻘﻮى‬
these forces is provided by dead load, the dead load .‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ‬
shall be taken as the minimum dead load likely to be in
place during the event causing the considered forces.
The effects of vertical and horizontal deflections ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻻﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬
resulting from such forces shall be considered in the .‫واﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻘﻮى‬
design.
2.2.7 SELF-STRAINING FORCES ‫ ﻗﻮى اﻟﺸﺪ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ‬2.2.7

In addition to the self-straining effects from restrained ‫ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻟﺸﺪ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮات اﻟﻤﻘﻴﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد‬
dimensional changes due to temperature, moisture, ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺮارة واﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ واﻻﻧﻜﻤﺎش واﻟﺰﺣﻒ واﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات‬
shrinkage, creep, and similar effects described in the ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري‬،‫اﻟﻤﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻗﺴﺎم اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
previous sections, the A/E shall also consider the self- ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ أﻳﻀًﺎ دراﺳﺔ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮات اﻟﺸﺪ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬/‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
straining effects on structural members due to: :‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ‬
 Angular Distortion Due to Differential ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻮه اﻟﺰاوي ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻬﺒﻮط اﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎوت‬ 

Settlement
Building or other structures shall be designed such ‫أﺧﺮى ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﺸﻮه‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ وأي ﻫﻴﺎ‬
that angular distortion of the structure is within the ،SBC 2018-303 ‫اﻟﺰاوي ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ‬
limits specified in the SBC 2018-303, Chapter 5, ‫ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﺗﻌﺬر اﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎء ﻫﺬه‬.(2-5) ‫ اﻟﺠﺪول‬،‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‬
Table 5.2. In case these limits cannot be met, the ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ دراﺳﺔ أﺛﺮ‬/‫اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
A/E shall consider the effect of angular distortion to .‫اﻟﺘﺸﻮه اﻟﺰاوي ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
structural elements in the design.
 Sensitivity Analysis ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ 

The value for Modulus of Subgrade Reaction (ks) ‫( ﻣﻦ‬ks) ‫وﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ُﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮ رد ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬
shall be verified from in situ tests for sensitive and ‫ وإذا ﺗﻌﺬر‬.‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﺔ واﻟﻬﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻤﻴﺪاﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬
important structures. Where ks, cannot be verified, ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬/‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
the A/E shall perform sensitivity analysis with a ‫إﺟﺮاء ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﻴﻦ ﻛﺤﺪ أدﻧﻰ ﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬
minimum of two different values of the Modulus of ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎرة ﻟُﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮ رد‬.‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮ رد ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬
Subgrade Reaction values. Selected ks, values for ‫ وﻻ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ks 0.5 ‫ﻓﻌﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ وﻗﻴﻢ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ‬
sensitivity analysis shall be minimum 1/2 ks, and ‫ ﻫﻲ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬ks ‫ ﺣﻴﺚ‬ks 2.0
maximum 2ks, where ks, is the best estimated .(GDR) ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ‬
37
subgrade modulus as recommended in the

Geotechnical Design Report (GDR).
2.3 DESIGN LOADS ‫ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬2.3

2.3.1 GENERAL ‫ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬2.3.1
 Design loads, load combinations, and design ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ وﻣﺰﻳﺞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل وﻃﺮق‬ 
methods shall be as provided in the MBC and in ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت ﻛﻮد اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺔ‬
the respective standards and material building ‫وﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ذات اﻟﺼﻠﺔ وأﻛﻮاد ﻣﻮاد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬
codes referenced by the MBC. Any conflicts in ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ أي ﺗﻀﺎرب ﻓﻲ‬.‫ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮد اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺔ‬
definition, notation, terminology, or ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎت واﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻬﺎت واﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت واﻟﻄﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﻮد‬
methodology between the MBC and the other ‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻷﺧﺮى اﻟﻤﺸﺎر‬/‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ واﻷﻛﻮاد‬
codes and standards referenced in the MBC .‫إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ واﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬
shall be evaluated and reconciled.
 Design loads not provided in the MBC shall be ‫أﻣﺎ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ 
determined and established in accordance with ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﺟﻊ واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
the references and standards listed in this ‫ أﻣﺎ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻮاردة‬.‫اﻟﻤﺪرﺟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬
subsection. Loadings not covered by the ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺪرﺟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬
references and standards in this manual shall ‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﺎت اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ وﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺠﻬﺎت‬
be obtained from available technical literature, ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ وﺻﻒ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺼّﻨﻌﺔ أو إﻋﺪادﻫﺎ ﺑﺄﻛﺒﺮ ﻗﺪر ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ‬
manufacturer's data, or be carefully formulated. ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻹﻋﺪاد ﻫﺬه ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ أﺳﺎس اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
Such formulation shall be described in the ‫ وﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ ن ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬.‫وﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬
design basis report and detailed in the ‫ﺗﻀﺎرب ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎر وأي ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت أﺧﺮى ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮة ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬
calculations. Where there is conflict between ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﺣﺪث اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت أو اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎرف ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
standard and other available data, the most .‫ اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
current acceptable data or practice shall be
used, subject to GDMP/ Amanat’s approval.
 Design loads and their sources shall be clearly ‫ﺗﺠﺐ اﻹﺷﺎرة ﺑﻮﺿﻮح إﻟﻰ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ وﻣﺼﺎدرﻫﺎ‬ 
indicated on construction documents in ‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪات اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬
accordance with the provisions of the MBC. ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ‬
Dead weights of prefabricated components, ‫ واﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬،‫اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ واﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰة ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺪات‬
unit and concentrated live loads, dead and ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ واﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺪات واي أﺣﻤﺎل أﺧﺮى ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
operating weights of fixed equipment, and any ‫اﻷوزان اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻮد ﻓﺘﺠﺐ اﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
loadings that are in excess of the code ‫ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ واﻹﺷﺎرة‬
prescribed weights and loads shall be indicated .‫إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎت اﻟﻄﻮاﺑﻖ‬
in the General Notes section of the drawings
and referenced in the floor plans drawings.
2.3.2 SPECIAL CONSIDERATION ‫ اﻋﺘﺒﺎرات ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬2.3.2
38
 Factors that may result in differences between ‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺆدي ﻓﻲ اﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ‬ 
actual and calculated loads, which shall be ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ واﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺠﺐ‬
considered in the design include: :‫دراﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
o Actual weights of members and ‫وﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﺠﺎوز اﻷوزان اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ وﻣﻮاد‬ o
construction materials may exceed the ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
values used in design due to such ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺣﺎﻻت ﻣﺜﻞ زﻳﺎدة ﺳﻤﻚ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬
conditions as increased member .‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻻﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻮاﻟﺐ واﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت‬
thickness resulting from deflections of
formwork and supports.
o Allowance shall be made for the weight ‫أو‬ ‫وﻳﺠﺐ اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎط ﻷوزان ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺘﺂ‬ o
of future wearing, protective, or finish ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ أو اﻟﺘﺸﻄﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻲ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‬
surfaces where there is high probability .‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل وﺿﻊ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺳﻄﺢ‬
that such surfacing may be applied.
o Special consideration shall be given to

the likely types and positions of ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ إﻳﻼء ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻸﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ‬ o
partitions. Insufficient provision for ‫ وﻗﺪ ﻳﺆدي ﻋﺪم‬.‫ﻣﻦ أوﺿﺎع اﻟﻘﻮاﻃﻊ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
partitioning may reduce future ‫اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎط اﻟ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﻮاﻃﻊ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺪ‬
utilization of the building. .‫ﻣﻦ اﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎدة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬
 Future Change of Occupancy ‫اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻲ ﻟﻺﺷﻐﺎل‬ 

o Where use and/or occupancy of all or ‫أو إﺷﻐﺎل‬/‫إذا ن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام و‬ o
part of a building structure could be ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ أو ﺟﺰء ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺗﺠﺐ زﻳﺎدة‬
changed in the future, design loads ‫ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
shall be increased as required to those .‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام واﻹﺷﻐﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻘﺐ‬
of the anticipated future use and
occupancy.
o The above increase in design loads ‫وﺗﺠﺐ زﻳﺎدة اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ o
shall only be made when such changes ‫أﻋﻼه ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ورود ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻓﻲ‬
are reflected in the architectural design ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ أﺳﺎس‬
increased design loads and ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺻﻒ زﻳﺎدة اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴ ﺔ‬
architectural changes implemented for ‫واﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮات اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﻐﺮض ﻣﻊ‬
this purpose shall be described in the .‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬
design basis report and detailed in the
calculations.
2.3.3 APPLICABLE LOADS ‫ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬2.3.3

 Dead load (D). (D) ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬ 
39
 Live load, except roof live load, including any ،‫ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﻸﺳﻘﻒ‬،‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ 
permitted live load reduction (L). ‫ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ أي ﺗﺨﻔﻴﺾ ﻣﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬
.(L)
 Roof Live load including any permitted live load ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﻸﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ أي ﺗﺨﻔﻴﺾ ﻣﺴﻤﻮح‬ 
reduction (Lr). .(Lr) ‫ﺑﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬
 Combined effect of horizontal and vertical ‫اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻬﺰات اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ واﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ 
earthquake induced forces (E). .(E)
 Load due to fluids with well-defined pressures ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺴﻮاﺋﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﺿﻐﻂ أﻗﺼﻰ‬ 
and maximum heights (F). .(F) ‫ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت ﻣﺤﺪدة ﺑﺪﻗﺔ‬
 Flood load (Fa). .(Fa) ‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﻴﻮل‬ 
 Load due to lateral earth pressures, ground ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻷرض واﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬ 
water pressure or pressure of bulk materials (H) .(H) ‫اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ أو ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺴﺎﺋﺒﺔ‬
 Rain Load (R). .(R) ‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻷﻣﻄﺎر‬ 
 Self-straining force (arising from contraction or ‫ﻗﻮى اﻟﺸﺪ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ )اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻻﻧﻘﺒﺎض واﻟﺘﻤﺪد اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻢ‬ 
expansion resulting from temperature change, ‫ﻋﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة واﻻﻧﻜﻤﺎش وﺗﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ وزﺣﻒ‬
shrinkage, moisture change, creep in ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺔ واﻟﺘﺤﺮك ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻬﺒﻮط اﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎوت أو‬
component material, displacements due to .(T) (‫ﻣﺰﻳﺞ ﻣﻤﺎ ورد أﻋﻼه‬
differential settlement, or combinations
thereof) (T).
 Load due to wind pressure (W). .(W) ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬ 
 Members of the structure shall be designed for ‫ﻟﻤﺰﻳﺞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل واﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ‬ 
the combination of loads and forces that can ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺤﺪث ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰاﻣﻦ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻇﺮوف‬
occur simultaneously to produce the most ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴًﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺤﺪد ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬
critical design conditions as specified in the .‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ‬
MBC code.
2.3.4 DEAD LOADS (DL) (DL)‫ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬2.3.4

 For purposes of design, the actual weights of ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷوزان اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ وﻣﻌﺪات‬ 
materials of construction and fixed service ‫ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد‬.‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻷﻏﺮاض اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
equipment shall be used. In the absence of ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺨﻀﻊ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
definite information, values used shall be .‫ اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/ ‫ﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
subject to the approval of the GDMP/ Amanat.
40
 Where tanks, vessels, bins, or other containers ‫وإذا ﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺣﺎوﻳﺎت أو ﺧﺰاﻧﺎت أو ﺻﻨﺎدﻳﻖ أو ﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬ 
of significant weight are located in a ‫ﻓﻴﺠ ﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬/‫ﻣﻦ اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ ذات اﻟﻮزن اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬
building/structure, the dead weight of the item ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﻮزن اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
shall be applied to the structure at the points of ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬.‫ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﺪﻋﻢ‬
support. The dead weight reactions of ‫اﻟﻮزن اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ ﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻠﺔ وأﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬
connected pipelines and supported .‫اﻟﻤﺪَﻋﻤﺔ‬
conveyance systems shall also be included the
design.
 Minimum allowance of 0.2 kN/m2 shall be ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮزن اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ‬2‫م‬/‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬0.2 ‫ﺗﺠﺐ أﻳﻀًﺎ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ 
added to self-weight of floor or roof system to ‫ﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻷرﺿﻴﺎت أو اﻷﺳﻘﻒ اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃًﺎ ﻟﻮزن اﻟﻘﻨﻮات‬
account for weight of mechanical ducts, ‫اﻟﻤﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ واﻟ ﺑﻼت اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ وﻗﻨﻮات اﻟﺴﺒﺎﻛﺔ‬
electrical cabling and plumbing runs, etc. .‫وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
 Minimum allowance of 0.5 kN/m2 may be added ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮزن اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ‬2‫م‬/‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬0.5 ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أﻳﻀًﺎ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ 
to self-weight of floor or roof system to account ‫ﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻷرﺿﻴﺎت أو اﻷﺳﻘﻒ اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃًﺎ ﻟﻠﻮزن اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬
for additional weight due to design .‫اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻟﺴﻤﺎﻛﺔ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬
development of the slab thickness.
 The structural design shall consider "sloped ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر وزن ﺳﻤﻚ‬ 
screed" weight for roof as dead load. The A/E .‫"اﻟﺘﻤﻠﻴﻂ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻞ" ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬
shall clearly indicate minimum and maximum ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ "ﺳﻤﻚ‬/‫وﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
"screed" thicknesses on construction .‫اﻟﺘﻤﻠﻴﻂ" ﺑﻮﺿﻮح ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬
drawings.
 Where a roof garden is located in a ‫ﻓﻴﺠ ﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬/‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل وﺟﻮد ﺣﺪﻳﻘﺔ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ 
building/structure, self-weight of soil (wet) shall . ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﻮزن اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﺔ )اﻟﻤﺒﺘّﻠﺔ( ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
be applied to the structure.
 In areas of a building/structure where partitions ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﻮاﻃﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬/‫ﻓﻲ اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ 
other than permanent partitions are shown on ،‫ﺧﻼف اﻟﻘﻮاﻃﻊ اﻟﺪاﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
the drawings, or where partitions might be ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ‬،‫أو ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻗﻮاﻃﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
added in the future, the following allowances :‫اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎط ﻟﻮزن ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻘﻮاﻃﻊ‬
shall be made for the weight of partitions:
o For Light Gauge Steel Framed 1.0 :‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻘﻮاﻃﻊ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﺨﻔﻴﻒ‬ o
2 2
Partitions: 1.0 kN/m ‫م‬/‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬
o For Masonry Partitions: 2.0kN/m2 2

‫م‬/‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬2.0 :‫ﻟﻘﻮاﻃﻊ وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ o
41
 Partition allowance used in design shall ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻃﻊ‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻳﺠ ﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ 
be shown on the drawings, including ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت‬
type of partition anticipated. ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻘﻮاﻃﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬
.‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ‬
 In cases where dead load of partitions ‫وإذا ﻧﺖ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻮاﻃﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻛﺴﺔ‬ 
is counteractive, the load allowances ‫ﻓﻼ ُﻳﻀّﻤﻦ اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻲ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻛﺤﻤﻞ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ‬
shall not be included as counteracting .‫وﻧﺘﺮاﻛﺘﻴﻒ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
dead load in design calculations.
2.3.5 LIVE LOADS (L) (L) ‫ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬2.3.5

 Live loads used in the design of buildings and ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ 
other structures for uses and occupancies ‫ﻷﻧﻮاع اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
which are not specified in the MBC shall be ‫واﻹﺷﻐﺎل ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
based on the maximum loads expected for the ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻘﺼﻮى اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪم أو اﻹﺷﻐﺎل اﻟﻤﺰﻣﻊ‬
intended use or occupancy, but shall in no case ‫ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﺑﺄي ﺣﺎل ﻋﻦ وﺣﺪة أﺣﻤﺎل ﻣﻮزﻋﺔ‬
be less than a uniformly distributed unit load of 1 ‫ أو ﺣﻤﻞ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ‬2‫م‬/‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻮﺗﻦ‬1 ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﺎوي ﺗﺒﻠﻎ‬
2
1 kN/m or a line load of 1 kN/m. .‫م‬/‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬
 Handrails, guards, grab bars, accessible seats, ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺪراﺑﺰﻳﻨﺎت وﺣﻮاﺟﺰ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ واﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﺾ‬ 
accessible benches, and vehicle barrier ‫واﻟﻜﻨﺐ واﻟﻤﻘﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻤﻄﺮوﻗﺔ وأﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺣﻮاﺟﺰ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت‬
systems shall be designed and constructed to ‫وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪﻫﺎ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻷﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ ﺻﺮاﻣًﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
the more stringent of the structural .SBC 2018, IBC 2018
requirements of the SBC 2018, IBC 2018.
 Where tanks, vessels, bins, or other containers ‫وإذا ﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺣﺎوﻳﺎت أو ﺧﺰاﻧﺎت أو ﺻﻨﺎدﻳﻖ أو ﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬ 
of significant weight that are located in the ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ ذات اﻟﻮزن اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
structure, those items and their content shall be ‫ﺣﻤﺎل ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ وﺣﺴﺎﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء وﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬
treated as live loads, calculated based on ‫ ﻣﺎدة‬/ ‫ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮزن اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ واﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬
operating weight of the item and the fluid/infill ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ اﻟﻮزن اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك‬.‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒﺌﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻋﺎء اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻮء‬
material in the filled item. The minimum live load .2‫م‬/‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬1 ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮب ﺑﻬﺬه اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﻦ‬
calculated as such shall not be less than 1
kN/m2.
 Where moveable (on wheels) tanks, vessels, ‫وإذا ﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺣﺎوﻳﺎت أو ﺧﺰاﻧﺎت أو ﺻﻨﺎدﻳﻖ أو ﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬ 
bins, or other containers of significant weight ‫ﻣﻦ اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ ذات اﻟﻮزن اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ )ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺠﻼت( ﻓﻲ‬
are located in a structure, those items and their ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء وﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬
contents shall also be treated as live loads, ‫ﺣﻤﺎل ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ وﺣﺴﺎﺑﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮزن اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ‬
calculated based on operating weight of the ‫ ﺗﺠﺐ‬.‫ ﻣﺎدة اﻟﺘﻌﺒﺌﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻋﺎء اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻮء‬/ ‫واﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬
item and the fluid/infill material in the filled item. ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺔ اﻟﻮزن اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮب ﺑﻬﺬه اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻋﺎء‬
The live load calculated as such for an item shall ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻌﺠﻼت وﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﺣﻤﺎل ﻣﺮﻛﺰة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
be divided by the number of wheels and applied ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ‬.‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪه اﻷﻗﺼﻰ‬
42
as concentrated loads placed on the structure ‫ ﻋﻦ‬2‫م‬/‫ﻋﺠﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك ﻋﻠﻰ‬
in a manner that maximizes load effects. The ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ‬.‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻮﻋﺎء ﻣﻘﺴﻮﻣًﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻌﺠﻼت‬
minimum live load on each wheel in kN shall not ‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﺜﻘﺎب ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻴﻪ‬
be less than the area of the item divided by the .‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
number of wheels. Floor systems shall be
evaluated for punching, as warranted by the
magnitude of the applied load.
 For listing of minimum uniformly distributed and ‫وﻟﺤﺼﺮ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﻮزﻋﺔ‬ 
concentrated live loads, refer to the SBC 2018- ASCE 7-‫ و‬SBC 2018-301 ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﺎوي ﻳﺮﺟﻰ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ‬
301 and ASCE 7-16 Chapter 4, Table 4.3-1. .(1-3-4) ‫ اﻟﺠﺪول‬،‫ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬16
 For occupancies or uses not designated herein, ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻷﻧﻮاع اﻹﺷﻐﺎل واﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺪرﺟﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ 
the specified live loads due to use and ‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة‬
occupancy of the area shall be determined ‫اﻋﺘﻤﺎدًا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام أو اﻹﺷﻐﺎل ﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
from analysis of the loads resulting from the :‫اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ أوزان‬
weight of:
o The probable assembly of persons. .‫اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﻟﻌﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص‬ o
o The probable accumulation of .‫اﻟﺘﺮاﻛﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺪات واﻷﺛﺎﺛﺎت‬ o

equipment and furnishing.
o The probable storage of materials. .‫اﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد‬ o
 Analysis methods and results shall be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺨﻀﻊ ﻃﺮق اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ وﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﻪ ﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ اﻹدارة‬ 
subjected to GDMP/ Amanat’s approval. .‫ اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
2.3.6 ROOF LIVE LOADS (LR) (Lr) ‫ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﻸﺳﻘﻒ‬2.3.6

 Minimum uniformly distributed Roof Live Load ‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﻸﺳﻘﻒ اﻟﻤﻮزﻋﺔ‬ 
to be used for Structures: : ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﺎوي اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
o Flat Roof = 1.0 kN/m2 2‫م‬/‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬1.0 = ‫اﻟﺴﻘﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮي‬ o
o Sloped Roof = 1.0 kN/m2 for slope < 20° ‫ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﻞ‬2‫م‬/‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬1.0 = ‫اﻟﺴﻘﻒ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻞ‬ o
‫ درﺟﺔ‬20 ‫اﻷﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
o = 0.6 kN/m2 for slope > 20° ‫ درﺟﺔ‬20 ‫ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﻞ اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬2‫م‬/‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬0.6 = o
o Minimum Roof Live Load for accessible ‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﻸﺳﻘﻒ‬ o
roofs, Lr = 2.0 kN/m2 2‫م‬/‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬2.0 = ‫اﻟﻤﻄﺮوﻗﺔ‬
43
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪For‬‬ ‫‪Roofs‬‬ ‫‪used‬‬ ‫‪for‬‬ ‫‪promenade‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﺳﻘﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻷﻏﺮاض اﻟﺘﻨﺰه‪،‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪purposes,‬‬ ‫‪Lr = 3.0 kN/m2‬‬ ‫= ‪ 3.0‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‪/‬م‪2‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪For Roofs used for Roof Garden and‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺪاﺋﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺳﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪Assembly purposes, Lr = 5.0 kN/m2‬‬ ‫‪5.0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫وأﻏﺮاض‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻘﻮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‪/‬م‪2‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Minimum specified concentrated live loads on‬‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪an area of roof shall be:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪1.3 kN over an area of 750 mm x 750‬‬ ‫‪ 1.3‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ‪ 750‬ﻣﻠﻢ ‪x 750‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪mm.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪2.3.7 RAIN LOADS (R‬‬ ‫‪ 2.3.7‬أﺣﻤﺎل اﻷﻣﻄﺎر )‪(R‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Reference SBC 301. ASCE 7-16 Chapter 8‬‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺟﻰ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ‪ SBC 301. ASCE 7-16‬اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Coordinate with GDMP/ Amanat for expected‬‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻣﻊ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ‪/‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪rainfall in specific project area and the minimum‬‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﺨﺼﻮص ﻫﻄﻮل اﻷﻣﻄﺎر اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫‪rain load to be used in design.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة واﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻄﻮل‬
‫اﻷﻣﻄﺎر اﻟﺬي ﺳُﻴﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫)‪2.3.8 FLOOD LOADS (FA‬‬ ‫‪ 2.3.8‬أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﻴﻮل )‪.(Fa‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Reference SBC 301.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺮﺟﻰ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ‪.SBC 301‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Use of ASCE 7-16, Chapter 5 is permitted with‬‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪ ,ASCE 7-16‬اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪local data provided by the MBC.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Army Corps of Engineers Publication, EM-‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺮة ﺳﻼح اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ‪ ،EM-1110-2-2502 ،‬ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪1110-2-2502, Engineering and Design of‬‬ ‫وﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ وﺟﺪران اﻟﺴﻴﻮل‪.‬‬
‫‪Retaining and Flood Walls‬‬
‫)‪2.3.9 WIND LOADS (W‬‬ ‫‪ 2.3.9‬أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح )‪(W‬‬

‫‪Buildings and other structures, including the main wind‬‬ ‫اﻷﺧﺮى اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ واﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
‫‪force-resisting system and all components and‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮة اﻟﺮﻳﺎح وﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت واﻟﺘﻜﺴﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
‫‪cladding thereof, shall be designed and constructed to‬‬ ‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺤﺪد ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺮﺟﻮع إﻟﻰ‬
‫‪resist wind loads as specified herein with reference to‬‬ ‫‪ SBC 2018-301‬و‪ ASCE 7-16‬اﻟﻔﺼﻮل ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺎدس‬
‫‪the SBC 2018-301 and ASCE 7-16 Chapter 26 to 31.‬‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺎدي واﻟﺜﻼﺛﻴﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪The Basic Wind Velocities varies with locations‬‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪in Saudi Arabia. The GDMP/ Amanat shall be‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺰوﻳﺪ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬
‫‪provided Basic Wind speed specific to project‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ‪ /‬اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺎت اﻟﺮﻳﺎح اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫‪location or existing project information can be‬‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع أو ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
‫‪44‬‬
used with approval of GDMP/ Amanat. / ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
.‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬
 The wind exposure condition for all building "D ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻌﺮض اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺮﻳﺎح ﻫﻲ "اﻟﺘﻌﺮض‬ 
sites shall be Exposure D unless noted ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻷي ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻼت ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ﻣﺎ ﺗﺮد اﻹﺷﺎرة ﻟﺨﻼف ذﻟﻚ‬
otherwise. For modifications to existing ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﺮﻳﺎح ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻫﻴ‬
structures, the wind exposure may be that of ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬
the original design, unless directed otherwise .‫ اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﺨﻼف ذﻟﻚ‬/ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
by the GDMP/ Amanat.
 Story Drift due to Wind Loads. .‫اﻧﺰﻳﺎح اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬ 
o Story drift limitations shall be in ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺣﺪود اﻧﺰﻳﺎح اﻟﻄﻮاﺑﻖ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﻢ‬ o
accordance with Subsection 2.2.3. .(23-2-2) ‫اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬
o For structures supporting steel ‫اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ ﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬ o

pipelines, story drift limitations shall be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺣﺪود اﻧﺰﻳﺎح اﻟﻄﻮاﺑﻖ وﻓﻘًﺎ‬
in accordance with the provisions of ‫ﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬
the Process Industry Practices .‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬
Guidelines.
 The design wind pressure for components and ‫وﻳﺠﺐ ﺣﺴﺎب ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ واﻟﺘﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ 
cladding shall be calculated in accordance with 0.5 ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬SBC-301 ‫وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬
the SBC-301but shall not be less than 0.5 ‫ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ أي اﺗﺠﺎه ﺑﺸ ٍ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬2‫م‬/‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬
2
kN/m acting in either direction normal to the .‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬
surface.
 In the design of interior walls and partitions, ‫أﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﺪران واﻟﻘﻮاﻃﻊ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ أن‬ 
consideration shall be given to differences in air ‫ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻔﺮوﻗﺎت ﻓﻲ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻋﻠﻰ‬
pressure on opposite sides of the wall or :‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺪار أو اﻟﻘﺎﻃﻊ واﻟﺬي ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆدي إﻟﻰ‬
partition which may result from:
o Pressure differences between the ‫ﻓﺮوﻗﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﻤﻮاﺟﻪ ﻟﻠﺮﻳﺎح‬ o
windward and leeward sides of a . ‫واﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
structure.
o Stack effects due to a difference in air ‫آﺛﺎر اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻨﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻔﺮق ﻓﻲ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة‬ o
temperature between exterior and . ‫اﻟﻬﻮاء ﺑﻴﻦ داﺧﻞ وﺧﺎرج اﻟﻬﻴ‬
interior of the structure.
o Air pressurization by the mechanical ‫اﻧﻀﻐﺎط اﻟﻬﻮاء ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ o
services of the structure. . ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
45
2.3.10 SEISMIC LOADS (E) (E) ‫ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ‬2.3.10

 Design Seismic Acceleration Parameters: :‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﺆﺷﺮات اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻲ‬ 
The Amanat A/E shall be provided Seismic ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻟﻸﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬/‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
Acceleration Parameters specific to project ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮات اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻲ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع أو‬
location or existing project information can be ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ‬
used with approval of GDMP/ Amanat. .‫ اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/ ‫اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
 Every building structure, and portion thereof, ‫ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪه‬،‫ أو أي ﺟﺰء ﻣﻨﻪ‬،‫أي ﻣﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴ‬ 
shall be designed and constructed to resist the .‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات ﺣﺮ ت اﻟﻬﺰات اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬
effects of earthquake motions.
 Seismic design shall be taken to completion in ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ إﻛﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬ 
the calculations regardless of whether the wind ‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ ن ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
base shear exceeds the seismic base shear. ‫ )ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻬﺰات اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
(The specified earthquake loads are based on ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺸﺘﻴﺖ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
post-elastic energy dissipation in the structure, ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻲ وﺑﺴﺒﺐ ذﻟﻚ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎء اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
and because of this fact, the provisions for ‫واﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ واﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬
design, detailing, and construction shall be ‫ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﻬﺰات‬،‫ﺗﻌﻜﺲ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻠﺔ أﺣﻤﺎﻟﻬﺎ‬
satisfied even for structures and members for ‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎٍت أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻼت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬،‫اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬
which load combinations that do not contain (‫اﻟﻬﺰات اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬
the earthquake effect indicate larger demands
than combinations including earthquake).
 Additions to existing structures shall be ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺎت إﻟﻰ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
designed and constructed to resist the effects ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺣﺮ ت اﻟﻬﺰات‬
of earthquake motions in accordance with the ‫ وﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬.‫اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ‬
provisions of the MBC. Existing structures and ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ واﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
alterations to existing structures need only ‫ﻓﻘﻂ اﻻﻟﺘﺰام ﺑﺎﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬
comply with these provisions when required by .‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ‬
the MBC.
 Story drift due to seismic loads limitations shall ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻧﺰﻳﺎح اﻟﻄﻮاﺑﻖ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺣﺪود اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬ 
be in accordance with the provisions of the SBC SBC 2018-301 ‫اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻮاﻓﻘًﺎ ﻣﻊ اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬
2018-301 and ASCE 7-16 12.12 depending on .‫ ﺣﺴﺐ إﺟﺮاء اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ASCE 7-16 12.12‫و‬
analysis procedure.
2.3.11 SELF-STRAINING LOADS (T) (T) ‫ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ذات اﻟﺸﺪ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ‬2.3.11

 Self-Straining Thermal Forces ‫ﻗﻮى اﻟﺸﺪ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬ 
o Saudi Arabia has a dry climate with very ‫ﺗﺘﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺟﻮاء‬ o
high temperatures in most of the ، ٍ ‫ وﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫اﻟﺤﺎرة ﺟﺪًا ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﺒﻼد‬
country. Temperatures in Saudi Arabia ‫ﻓﺈن درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة ﺗﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬
46
however are different in each part of ‫ ﺗﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬

the country. The south has moderate ‫درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻤﻌﺘﺪﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ إﻟﻰ‬
temperatures, which can go as low as ‫ درﺟﺔ ﻓﻬﺮﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ( ﺧﻼل‬50) ‫ درﺟﺎت ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬10
10 degrees Celsius (50° Fahrenheit) ‫ أﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺘﺎء ﻓﺘﻜﻮن درﺟﺎت‬.‫ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﺼﻴﻒ‬
during the summer. In winter the ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻟًﺔ ﺑﺼﻮرٍة ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻤﻴﻞ إﻟﻰ‬
temperatures are moderate in general ‫اﻟﺒﺮودة ﻟﻴًﻼ وﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺎ دون اﻟﺼﻔﺮ ﻓﻲ‬
but turning cold at night sometimes .‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺣﻴﺎن‬
descending below freezing.
o Provision shall be made for stresses or ‫وﻳﺠﺐ اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎط ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻹﺟﻬﺎد واﻟﺤﺮ ت‬ o
movements resulting from variations in ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ‬.‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﺠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﺮات درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
temperature. The rise and fall in ‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ارﺗﻔﺎع واﻧﺨﻔﺎض درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
temperature shall be fixed for the ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻲ وﻳﺠﺐ ﺣﺴﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳُﻴﻨﺸﺄ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
locality in which the structure is to be ‫ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة ﻣﻔﺘﺮﺿﺔ ﻓﻲ وﻗﺖ‬
constructed and shall be computed ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ إﻋﻄﺎء اﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎم اﻟﻼزم إﻟﻰ‬.‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎء‬
from an assumed temperature at the ‫اﻟﻔﻮارق ﺑﻴﻦ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻬﻮاء واﻟﺤﺮارة ﻻداﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
time of erection. Due consideration .‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ أو اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
shall be given to the lag between air
temperature and the interior
temperature of massive concrete
members or structures.
 Thermal Reactions from Piping, Ductwork, or ‫ردود اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺤﺮاري ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ واﻟﻘﻨﻮات واﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ 
Other Systems. .‫اﻷﺧﺮى‬
o Thermal loads from any source other ‫ﺗﺠﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ أي ﻣﺼﺪر‬ o
than ambient atmospheric temperature ‫ﺧﻼف درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺠﻮ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
changes shall be treated as dead loads. .‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬
o The thermal load effects of a ‫وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﺮاري ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم‬ o
mechanical system on a structure shall ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
be based on the actual design ‫درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم‬
temperatures of the system and the ‫ وﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ‬.‫وﻧﻮع اﻟﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
type of support utilized. The following :‫اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻼت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
cases shall be considered in the load
combinations:
 Maximum expansion of the system with ‫أﻗﺼﻰ ﺗﻤﺪد ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم ﻣﻊ أﻗﺼﻰ ﺗﻤﺪد ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬ 
the maximum expansion of the .‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬
structure.
 Maximum expansion of the system with ‫أﻗﺼﻰ ﺗﻤﺪد ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم ﻣﻊ أﻗﺼﻰ اﻧﻜﻤﺎش‬ 
the maximum contraction of the .‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
structure.
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 Maximum contraction of the system ‫أﻗﺼﻰ اﻧﻜﻤﺎش ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم ﻣﻊ أﻗﺼﻰ ﺗﻤﺪد‬ 

with the maximum expansion of the .‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
structure
 Maximum contraction of the system ‫أﻗﺼﻰ اﻧﻜﻤﺎش ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم ﻣﻊ أﻗﺼﻰ اﻧﻜﻤﺎش‬ 
with the maximum contraction of the .‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
structure.
Where it is not possible for the conditions to occur ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ إﺳﻘﺎط اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬،‫وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﺗﻌﺬر ﺣﺪوث ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻻت ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰاﻣﻦ‬
simultaneously, the case may be omitted. Justification ‫ اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/ ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺰوﻳﺪ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻤ ﻌﻨﻴﺔ‬
for omission of any load case shall be provided to .‫ﺑﻤﺒﺮرات ﺣﺬف أي ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻻت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ‬
GDMP/ Amanat for approval.
 The load induced by each condition shall be ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ‬ 
considered in the load combinations, as well as ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل إﺿﺎﻓًﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد‬
the condition of no thermal reactions. .‫ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺣﺮاري‬
 Where sliding connections are used, the friction ‫وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻮﺻﻼت اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻘﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ أﺧﺬ ﻗﻮة‬ 
force shall be considered in the design of the ‫اﻻﺣﺘ ك ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ‬
supporting structural elements. .‫اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ‬
 Where slotted connections are used, the slots ‫أﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻮﺻﻼت اﻟﻤﺸﻘﻮﻗﺔ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ أن‬ 
shall be of sufficient length to accommodate ‫ٍف ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎب اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺸﻘﻮق ﺑﻄﻮٍل‬
maximum displacements of the system. Bolts ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺒﺮاﻏﻲ‬.‫اﻟﻘﺼﻮى ﻹزاﺣﺔ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬
used in slotted connections shall be finger tight ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺻﻼت اﻟﻤﺸﻘﻮﻗﺔ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ‬
(very slightly loose) and restricted from ‫)ﻣﺮﺗﺨﻴﺔ ﻗﻠﻴًﻼ( وﻣﺆّﻣﻨﺔ ﺿﺪ اﻟﻔﻚ إﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
loosening - either by the use of double nuts ‫ أو ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺻﻮاﻣﻴﻞ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ‬،(‫ﺻﺎﻣﻮﻟﺘﻴﻦ )ﻣﺘﺮاﻛﺒﺘﻴﻦ‬
(interlocked) or nylon insert lock-nuts, by thread .‫ أو ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺤﺎم اﻟﻨﻘﻄﻲ‬،‫ أو ﺑﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺳﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻏﻲ‬،‫اﻟﻨﺎﻳﻠﻮن‬
deformation, or by tack-welding.
2.3.12 LOADS DUE TO LATERAL EARTH PRESSURE ‫ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻷرض اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ واﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬2.3.12
AND GROUND WATER (H) (H) ‫اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬
Load effect on basement walls and/or underground ‫أو اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬/‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺣﺴﺎب ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ و‬
structures due to lateral earth pressure and ground ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻷرض اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻷرض اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ وﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬
water shall be calculated in accordance with the SBC ASCE 7-16‫ و‬SBC 2018-301 ‫اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬
2018-301 and ASCE 7-16 Chapter 2. .‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
2.3.13 HOISTING DEVICES LOAD ‫ أﺣﻤﺎل أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬2.3.13
Structures that support hoisting devices (cranes, ،‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ ﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺮﻓﻊ )اﻟﺮاِﻓَﻌﺎت‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
monorails, jibs, etc.) shall be designed for the forces ‫ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ( ﻟﻠﻘﻮى‬،‫ اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت اﻟﺬراﻋﻴﺔ‬،‫راﻓﻌﺎت اﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ اﻷﺣﺎدي‬
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induced by the operation or movement of the .‫اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت أو ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬
components of the hoisting device.
 Hoisting device loads shall be considered live .‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ أﺣﻤﺎل أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ 
loads.
 Impact, braking, and other relevant dynamic ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻗﻮى اﻟﺘﺼﺎدم‬ 
forces shall be considered in the design. ‫واﻟﻤ ﺑﺢ وأي ﻗﻮى دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ أﺧﺮى ذات ﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﺄﺟﻬﺰة‬
.‫اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬
 For exterior devices, the effect of wind shall be ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ أﻳﻀًﺎ أﺧﺬ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﻓﻲ‬ 
considered in the design. .‫اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
 For devices that can move freely when exposed ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ آﻟﻴﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﻟﻠﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺘﻲ‬ 
to wind, safety restraint mechanisms shall be .‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺘﺤﺮك ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﻳﺎح‬
provided.
 For hoisting devices that are exposed to the ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﻈﺮوف اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬ 
local environment such that dust, sand, and ‫ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر واﻟﺮﻣﺎل واﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎوﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬
windborne corrosive chemicals can ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺘﺮاﻛﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﻬﺎز ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬
accumulate on the device, the most robust ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻓﻀﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻃﻼء وﻗﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟُﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ‬
protective coating system available from the ‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬
manufacturer shall be used, subject to GDMP/ ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻏﻄﻴﺔ وﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ ُﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬.‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
Amanat’s approval. Sealed protective covers ‫ﻟﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﻐﺒﺎر واﻟﺮﻣﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﺮ ت اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
shall be used to prevent dust and sand intrusion ‫ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﺟﻬﺰة‬،‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ‬.‫واﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎز‬
into the electrical motors and mechanical gears ‫ أن ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺘﻌﺮض اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﺪرﺟﺎت‬،‫اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬
of the device. The effect of continuous ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ واﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻤﺤﺼﻮرة داﺧﻞ ﺣﺠﻴﺮات‬
exposure to elevated temperatures and of the .‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮ ت‬
contained heat from enclosure of the motors
shall be considered in the selection of the
device.
 Hoisting device loads shall be combined with ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﻣﺰج أﺣﻤﺎل أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻣﻊ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ 
other design loads in accordance with ASCE 7. ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺄﺧﺬ‬.ASCE 7 ‫اﻷﺧﺮى وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬
Any load combinations that could produce the ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر أي ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼت أﺣﻤﺎل ﻗﺪ‬
maximum stress or govern for stability shall be . ‫ﺗﺆدي إﻟﻰ إﺟﻬﺎد أﻗﺼﻰ أو ﺗﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
considered in the calculations.
 Anchorage of jib cranes to a structure shall be ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ إرﺳﺎء اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت اﻟﺬراﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
based on the forces generated by the dead ‫اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ ﻵﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺬراع زاﺋﺪًا اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
weight of the jib mechanism plus the rated load ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻹرﺳﺎء‬.‫ ﻟﻼﺻﻄﺪام‬%25 ‫اﻟﻤﺼّﻨﻒ زاﺋﺪًا‬
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plus 25% impact. The anchorage shall be ‫ﻗﺎدرًا ﻋﻠﻰ دﻋﻢ اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺔ اﻟﺬراﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ أوﺿﺎع اﻟﺬراع‬
capable of supporting the jib crane with the jib (ً ‫ن ﻣﺘﺤﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ ووﺟﻮد ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺮﻓﻊ )إن‬
located at all of the possible angular positions .‫ﻓﻲ وﺿﻊ ﻳﺆدي إﻟﻰ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﻏﻮﺑﺔ‬
and with the hoist (if movable) located at the
position that causes the most unfavourable
effect.
 Cranes: Engineering and configuration of the ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ وإﻋﺪادات اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت‬:‫ﻌ ﺎت‬
َ‫اﻟﺮاِﻓ‬ 
supporting crane rail runway girders and the ‫اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ ﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺔ واﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻮاردة إﻟﻰ‬
loads imparted to the building structure shall be ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻷﻛﺜﺮ اﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت ﺗﺤﻔﻈًﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻴ‬
established in accordance with the more ‫ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬:2003_13 ‫اﻟﻔﻨﻲ رﻗﻢ‬
conservative of the provisions of the AISE ‫ واﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬AISE ‫وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻧﻊ اﻟﺼﺎدر ﻣﻦ‬
Technical Report N° 13_2003 Guide for the .‫ﻗﺴﻢ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬
Design and Construction of Mill Buildings and
the provisions in the Crane Loads section of the
report.
 Vibration Loads: Where vibration is induced by ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ أﻏﺸﻴﺔ داﻋﻤﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﻘﺼﻮر‬:‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻻﻫﺘﺰاز‬ 
equipment such as pumps, blowers, fans and ‫اﻹﺟﻬﺎدي وﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ اﻧﺤﺮاف اﻵﻟﻴﺎت واﻟﻤﻌﺪات ﻋﻦ‬
compressors, supporting members shall be ‫ﻣﻮاﺿﻌﻬﺎ أو ﺗﻌﻄﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻨﺠﻢ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻻﻫﺘﺰاز‬
designed to prevent fatigue failure and to avoid ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت وأﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﻨﻔﺦ واﻟﻤﺮاوح‬
misalignment or malfunction of machinery and (13) ‫ ﻳﺮﺟﻰ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ رﻗﻢ‬.‫واﻟﻀﺎﻏﻄﺎت‬
equipment. Refer to AISE Technical Report No. .AISE ‫ﺑﺨﺼﻮص إرﺷﺎدات أﺣﻤﺎل اﻻﻫﺘﺰاز اﻟﺼﺎدر ﻋﻦ‬
13 for guidelines on vibratory loadings.
2.3.14 CRANE LOADS ‫ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت‬2.3.14

All vertical, lateral, and longitudinal crane forces ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ واﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ واﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺮاﻓﻌﺎت‬
(reactions) shall be transferred through a clearly ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ‬.‫)ردود اﻷﻓﻌﺎل( ﻋﺒﺮ ﻣﺴﺎر أﺣﻤﺎل واﺿﺢ وﻣﺘﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻷرض‬
defined and continuous load path to the ground. All ‫ﻧﻘﻞ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻌﻞ إﻃﺎري إﻟﻰ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻒ‬
lateral forces shall be transferred through frame action ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌِﺮض ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬
to the transverse bracing system of the building. All .‫ﺣﻤﺎل ﻣﺤﻮرﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة وﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻒ‬
longitudinal forces shall be transferred as axial loads tension-only X- ‫وُﻳﻔّﻀﻞ أن ﺗﻜﻮن أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع‬
through girders and brace members. Brace systems ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺻﻼت اﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻒ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺔ‬.braces
shall preferably be tension-only X-braces. Brace ‫ﻟﻼﻧﺰﻻق وإﻋﺪادﻫﺎ ﺑﺄﻗﻞ ﻗﺪر ﻣﻦ اﻟﻼﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻘﻮى‬
connections shall be designed as slip-critical and .‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ أﺟﺰاء اﻟﻬﻴ‬
configured with minimal eccentricity and shall transfer
forces into rigid elements of the main structural
members.
The crane live load shall be the rated capacity of the ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك ﻟﻠﺮاﻓﻌﺔ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻘﺪرة أو اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
crane. Design loads for the runway beams, including ‫ أﻣﺎ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎرات ﺑﻤﺎ‬.‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪرة ﻟﻠﺮاﻓﻌﺔ‬
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connections and support brackets, of moving bridge ‫ ﻟﻠﺮاﻓﻌﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬،‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻼت وﺣﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﺪﻋﻴﻢ‬
cranes and monorail cranes shall include the maximum ‫وراﻓﻌﺎت اﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ اﻷﺣﺎدي ﻓﻴﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ أﻗﺼﻰ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻟﻌﺠﻼت‬
wheel loads of the crane and the vertical impact, ‫اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺔ وﻗﻮى اﻻﺻﻄﺪام اﻟﻌﻤﻮدي واﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ واﻟﻄﻮﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ‬
lateral, and longitudinal forces induced by the moving .‫ﻋﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺔ‬
crane.
 Maximum Wheel Load. The maximum wheel ‫ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻘﺼﻮى ﻟﻠﻌﺠﻼت ﻳﺠﺐ‬.‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻠﻌﺠﻼت‬ 
loads shall be the wheel loads produced by the ‫ ﺣﺴﺒﻤﺎ‬،‫أن ﺗﻜﻮن إﺟﻤﺎل اﻟﻌﺠﻼت اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ وزن اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
weight of the bridge, as applicable, plus the sum ‫ زاﺋﺪًا إﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﻘﺪرة ووزن اﻟﻌﺮﺑﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬،‫ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻲ‬
of the rated capacity and the weight of the ‫ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻌﺮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺎرﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﻴﻪ‬
trolley with the trolley positioned on its runway .‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺪه اﻷﻗﺼﻰ‬
at the location where the resulting load effect is
maximum.
 Vertical Impact Force. The maximum wheel ‫ﻗﻮة اﻻﺻﻄﺪام اﻟﻌﻤﻮدي ﺗﺠﺐ زﻳﺎدة اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷﻗﺼﻰ‬ 
loads of the crane shall be increased by the ‫ﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻋﺠﻼت اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺐ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻗﻮة‬
following percentages to determine the :‫اﻻﺻﻄﺪام اﻟﻌﻤﻮدي أو اﻻﻫﺘﺰاز‬
induced vertical impact or vibration force:
o Monorail cranes (powered) 25% 25 %(‫راﻓﻌﺎت اﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ اﻷﺣﺎدي )ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ o
o Cab-operated or remotely operated ‫اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت ذات اﻟ ﺑﻴﻨﺔ أو اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ o

Bridge cranes (powered) 25% %25 (‫)ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
o Pendant-operated bridge cranes ‫اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﻐﻠﺔ ﺑﻤﻔﺘﺎح ﻣﻌﻠﻖ‬ o

(powered) 10% %10 (‫)ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
o Bridge cranes or monorail cranes with ‫اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ أو راﻓﻌﺎت اﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ اﻷﺣﺎدي‬ o
hand-geared bridge, trolley, and hoist .%0 ‫ﺑﺠﺴﺮ ﻳﺘﺤﺮك ﻳﺪوﻳًﺎ أو ﻋﺮﺑﺔ وﺟﻬﺎز رﻓﻊ‬
0%
 Lateral Force. The lateral force on crane runway ‫اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت‬ 
beams with electrically powered trolleys shall ‫ ﻣﻦ‬%20 ‫ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺔ ذات اﻟﻌﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻛﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
be calculated as 20 percent of the sum of the ‫إﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻤﻘﺪرة ﻟﻠﺮاﻓﻌﺔ ووزﻣﻦ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬
rated capacity of the crane and the weight of ‫ وُﻳﻔﺘﺮض أن ﺗﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ أﻓﻘﻴًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫واﻟﻌﺮﺑﺔ‬
the hoist and trolley. The lateral force shall be ‫ﺳﻄﺢ اﻻﺣﺘ ك ﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮزﻳﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬
assumed to act horizontally at the traction .‫اﻟﺪاﻋﻢ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺴﺎوة اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر واﻟﻬﻴ‬
surface of a runway beam and shall be
distributed with due regard to the lateral
stiffness of the runway beam and supporting
structure.
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 Longitudinal Force. The longitudinal force on ‫ ُﺗﺤﺴﺐ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت‬.‫اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬ 
crane runway beams, except for bridge cranes ‫ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ ذات اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬،‫ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺔ‬
with hand-geared bridges, shall be calculated ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬%10 ‫ ﻛﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬،‫ﻳﺪوي اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
as 10 percent of the maximum wheel loads of ‫ﻋﺠﻼت اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺔ وﻳﻔﺘﺮض أن ﺗﻌﻤﻞ أﻓﻘﻴًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻋﻠﻰ‬
the crane, and assumed to act horizontally at .‫ﻋﺎرﺿﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر‬
the top of the runway beam.
 Crane Loading Condition: :‫ﻇﺮوف ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺔ‬ 

For a bridge crane, the location and lateral ‫ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ واﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺮاﻓﻌﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ‬
movement of the trolley produces 4 crane ‫ ﺣﺎﻻت ﻟﻠﺮاﻓﻌﺔ ﺗﺠﺐ دراﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬4 ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺑﺔ‬
conditions which shall be considered in the design :‫اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت‬
of crane buildings:
o The maximum wheel loads at the left ‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻌﺠﻼت اﻟﻘﺼﻮى ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻴﺴﺮى‬ o
end truck and the minimum wheel load ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺑﺔ وأﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻌﺠﻼت اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬
at the right end truck, acting ‫اﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰاﻣﻦ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻘﻮة‬
simultaneously with the lateral force .‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻷﻳﺴﺮ‬
acting to the left.
o The maximum wheel loads at the left ‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻌﺠﻼت اﻟﻘﺼﻮى ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻴﺴﺮى‬ o
at the right end truck, acting ‫اﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰاﻣﻦ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻘﻮة‬
simultaneously with the lateral force .‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻷﻳﻤﻦ‬
acting to the right.
o The maximum wheel loads at the right ‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻌﺠﻼت اﻟﻘﺼﻮى ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ‬ o
at the left end truck, acting ‫اﻟﻴﺴﺮى ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰاﻣﻦ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻘﻮة‬
simultaneously with the lateral force .‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻷﻳﺴﺮ‬
acting to the left.
o The maximum wheel loads at the right ‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻌﺠﻼت اﻟﻘﺼﻮى ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻴﻤﻨﻰ‬ o
at the left end truck, acting ‫اﻟﻴﺴﺮى ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰاﻣﻦ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻘﻮة‬
simultaneously with the lateral force .‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻷﻳﻤﻦ‬
acting to the right
 Design Loads for Runway Beams and :‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎرات وأﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ‬ 
Suspension Systems:
52
o Cranes shall be located longitudinally in ‫ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت ﻓﻲ وﺿﻊ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ o
the aisle in the positions that produce ‫اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت ﻓﻲ وﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺗﺆدي إﻟﻰ أﺳﻮأ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات‬
the most unfavorable effect on the ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎر ووﺻﻼت ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎر‬
runway beam, runway beam ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أﺧﺬ‬.‫وﺣﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﺪﻋﻴﻢ أو أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ‬
connections, and support brackets or ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﺠﻢ ﻋﻦ راﻓﻌﺔ‬
suspension systems. Consideration .‫واﺣﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر‬
shall be given to eccentric loads which
may be induced by a single crane.
o The following recommendations are ‫ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت‬ o
applicable to the design of runway ‫وﺣﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫وﺗﻮﺻﻴﻼﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎرات‬
beams and their connections and ‫ﺗﺪﻋﻴﻤﻬﺎ أو أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺮاﻓﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺮدة أو‬
support brackets or suspension :‫اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة‬
systems for single or multiple cranes:
 Single Crane ‫اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺮدة‬ 

 The runway beam, including its ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎر ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ‬ 
connections and support bracket or ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻼﺗﻬﺎ وﺣﻮاﻣﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ أو ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ‬
suspension system, shall be designed %100 ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺪ اﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻣﻦ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻌﺠﻼت زاﺋﺪًا‬
for the maximum wheel loads plus ‫ﻣﻦ أﺛﺮ اﻻﺻﻄﺪام اﻟﻌﻤﻮدي اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺘﺰاﻣﻨًﺎ‬
100% of the vertical impact, acting ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺮض أن‬%100 ‫ﻣﻊ‬
simultaneously with 100% of the lateral .‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ أﻓﻘﻴًﺎ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ اﻻﺗﺠﺎﻫﻴﻦ‬
force assumed to act horizontally in
either direction.
 Multiple Cranes ‫ﻌ ﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة‬

َ‫اﻟﺮاِﻓ‬ 
 If the runway beams are simple span ‫إذا ﻧﺖ ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎر ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺎس اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ 
and the cranes are separated by ‫واﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﻌﻮارض ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ أو أﺟﻬﺰة‬
spacer struts or electronic spacer ‫ﻓﺼﻞ إﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﺴﺎوي اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
controls so the minimum distance ‫أﻗﺮب ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﻌﺠﻼت ﺷﺎﺣﻨﺔ أي راﻓﻌﺘﻴﻦ‬
between the nearest end truck wheels ‫ﻣﺘﺠﺎورﺗﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﺎرﺿﺘﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر أو‬
of any two adjacent cranes equals or ‫ ﻓﻴﺘﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ أﺧﺬ أﺣﻤﺎل‬،‫ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
exceeds the span of runway beam, ‫اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺆدي أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات ﺷﺪًة ﻓﻘﻂ‬
only the crane loads for the crane .‫ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎر‬
producing the most severe effect need
be considered for the design of the
runway beam.
 If the runway beam is continuous or the ‫ﻧﺖ ﻋﺎرﺿﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮة أو اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت‬ ‫إذا‬ 
cranes are not separated as described ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬،‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ أﻋﻼه‬
above, the runway beam, including its ‫ﻋﺎرﺿﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ وﺻﻼﺗﻬﺎ وﺣﻮاﻣﻞ‬
53
connections and support brackets or ‫ﺗﺪﻋﻴﻤﻬﺎ أو ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻷﺳﻮأ ﺣﺎﻻت أﺣﻤﺎل‬
suspension system, shall be designed ‫ راﻓﻌﺔ ﻣﻔﺮدة ﺗﻨﺘﺞ أﺳﻮأ اﻷوﺿﺎع أو‬:‫اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺔ‬
for the worst-case crane loads of: a .‫ﻷي راﻓﻌﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺠﺎورﺗﻴﻦ ﺗﻨﺘﺠﺎن أﺳﻮأ اﻷوﺿﺎع‬
single crane producing the most ‫ ﻓﺈن اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻘﺼﻮى‬،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺘﻴﻦ‬
unfavorable effect, or for any two ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺠﻼت دون اﻟﺘﺼﺎدم اﻟﻌﻤﻮدي ﻟﻠﺮاﻓﻌﺘﻴﻦ‬
adjacent cranes producing the most ‫ ﻣﻦ‬%50 ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ُﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰاﻣﻦ ﻣﻊ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬
unfavorable effect. For the two-crane ‫واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺘﻴﻦ أو‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻟ‬
condition, the maximum wheel loads ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻷي واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ‬%100 ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬
without vertical impact for the two ‫ أﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﻳﺆدي إﻟﻰ أﺳﻮأ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات أﻣﺎ‬،‫اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺘﻴﻦ‬
cranes shall be used simultaneously ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬
with 50% of the lateral force for each of ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺮاﻓﻌﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎورة اﻟﺘﻲ‬
the two cranes or 100% of the lateral ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻻﺗﺠﺎه أو ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎﻫﻴﻦ‬
force of either of the cranes, whichever .‫ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻛﺴﻴﻦ‬
produces the most unfavorable effect.
For continuous runway beams, the
lateral force of adjacent cranes shall be
considered to act in the same direction
or opposing directions.
 Design Loads for Building Frames and Support :‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻹﻃﺎرات اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ واﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ‬ 
Columns:
o The crane or cranes shall be located ‫ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺔ أو اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت ﻓﻲ وﺿﻊ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ‬ o
longitudinally in the aisles in the ‫اﻟﻤﻤﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت ﻓﻲ وﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺗﺆدي إﻟﻰ‬
positions that produce the most ‫أﺳﻮأ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات ﻋﻠﻰ إﻃﺎر اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ أو اﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬
unfavorable effect on the building ‫ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ‬.‫اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ‬
frame or support columns. ‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﺠﻢ ﻋﻦ راﻓﻌﺔ واﺣﺪة ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻤﺮ‬
Consideration shall be given to ‫راﻓﻌﺎت أو ﻋﻦ راﻓﻌﺔ أو راﻓﻌﺎت ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻤﺮ‬
eccentric loads which may be induced ‫راﻓﻌﺎت واﺣﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻋﺪة ﻣﻤﺮات‬
by a single crane operating in a crane .‫ﻟﻠﺮاﻓﻌﺎت‬
aisle, or by a crane or cranes operating
in one crane aisle of a building with
multiple crane aisles.
o The following requirements are ‫ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ إﻃﺎرات‬ o
applicable to the design of building ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ واﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ ﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت‬
frames and support columns for crane ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي راﻓﻌﺔ واﺣﺪة أو أﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ‬
buildings with single or multiple cranes :‫ﻣﻤﺮ واﺣﺪ أو أﻛﺜﺮ‬
acting in one or more aisles:
o Single Crane Aisle with One Crane ‫ﻣﻤﺮ واﺣﺪ وراﻓﻌﺔ واﺣﺪة‬ o
54
 The frame and support columns shall ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻹﻃﺎر واﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ ﻟﻈﺮوف‬ 
be designed for the 4 crane loading ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﺣﻤﺎل‬.‫أﺣﻤﺎل أرﺑﻊ راﻓﻌﺎت‬
conditions. The wheel loads without ‫اﻟﻌﺠﻼت ﺑﺪون اﻻﺻﻄﺪام اﻟﻌﻤﻮدي ﻣﻊ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬
vertical impact shall be used with 100% .‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬%100
of the lateral force.
o Single Crane Aisle with Multiple Cranes ‫ﻣﻤﺮ واﺣﺪ وأﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ راﻓﻌﺔ‬ o
 If the runway beams are simple span ‫إذا ﻧﺖ ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎر ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺎس اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ 
and the cranes are separated by ‫واﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﻌﻮارض ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ أو أﺟﻬﺰة‬
spacer struts or electronic spacer ‫ﻓﺼﻞ إﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﺴﺎوي اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
controls so the minimum distance ‫أﻗﺮب ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﻌﺠﻼت ﺷﺎﺣﻨﺔ أي راﻓﻌﺘﻴﻦ‬
between the nearest end truck wheels ‫ ﻓﻴﺘﻢ‬،‫ﻣﺘﺠﺎورﺗﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ أو ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
of any two adjacent cranes equals or ‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ أﺧﺬ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺆدي‬
exceeds the largest bay of the building, ‫أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات ﺷﺪًة ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ إﻃﺎر اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬
only the crane loads for the crane .‫واﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ‬
producing the most severe effect need
be considered for the design of the
building frame and support columns.
 If the runway beams are continuous or ‫إذا ﻧﺖ ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎر ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮة أو اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت‬ 
the cranes are not separated as ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬،‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ أﻋﻼه‬
described above, then the frame and ‫إﻃﺎر اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ واﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ ﻷﺳﻮأ ﺣﺎﻻت‬
support columns shall be designed for ‫ راﻓﻌﺔ ﻣﻔﺮدة ﺗﻨﺘﺞ أﺳﻮأ‬:‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺔ‬
the worst-case crane loads of: a single ‫اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات أو ﻷي راﻓﻌﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺠﺎورﺗﻴﻦ ﺗﻨﺘﺠﺎن أﺳﻮأ‬
crane producing the most unfavorable ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ‬،‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺘﻴﻦ‬.‫اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات‬
effect, or of any two adjacent cranes ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻌﺠﻼت دون اﻟﺘﺼﺎدم ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰاﻣﻦ‬
producing the most unfavorable effect. ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺮاﻓﻌﺘﻴﻦ أو‬%50 ‫ﻣﻊ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬
For the two-crane condition, the wheel ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻷي واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ‬%100 ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬
loads without impact shall be used .‫ أﻳﻬﻤﺎ ﻳﺆدي إﻟﻰ أﺳﻮأ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات‬،‫اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺘﻴﻦ‬
simultaneously with 50% of the lateral
force from both of the two cranes, or
with 100% of the lateral force from
either of the two cranes, whichever
produces the most unfavorable effect.
 The crane loading conditions shall be .‫راﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺣﺎﻻت ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺔ ﻟ‬ 
used for each crane. When the lateral ‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺘﻴﻦ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬
forces for two cranes are used, only ‫أﺧﺬ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬
those conditions in which lateral forces .‫ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻻﺗﺠﺎه ﻓﻘﻂ‬
act in the same direction need be
55
considered.
o Multiple Crane Aisles with Single ‫ﻋﺪة ﻣﻤﺮات وراﻓﻌﺔ واﺣﺪة‬ o

Cranes
 Frame and support columns shall be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻹﻃﺎر واﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺮاﻓﻌﺔ‬ 
designed for the single crane ‫اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺆدي إﻟﻰ أﺳﻮأ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات أو ﻷي‬
producing the most unfavorable effect ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬.‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻌ ﺔ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ‬
َ‫راِﻓ‬
or for any one crane acting in each of ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻌﺠﻼت دون‬،‫اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺘﻴﻦ‬
any two aisles. For the two cranes, the ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬%50 ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺎدم ﻣﻊ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬
wheel loads without impact shall be ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬%100 ‫ﻟﻠﺮاﻓﻌﺘﻴﻦ أو ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬
used with 50% of the lateral force from .‫ﻷي واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺘﻴﻦ‬
both of the two cranes or 100% of the
lateral force from either of the two
cranes.
used for each crane. When the lateral ‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺘﻴﻦ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬
forces for two cranes are used, only ‫أﺧﺬ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬
those conditions in which the lateral .‫ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻻﺗﺠﺎه ﻓﻘﻂ‬
forces act in the same direction need
be considered.
o Multiple Crane Aisles with Multiple ‫أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻤﺮ وأﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ راﻓﻌﺔ‬ o

Cranes
 If the runway beams are simple span ‫إذا ﻧﺖ ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎر ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺎس اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ 
and the cranes in all aisles are ‫واﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻤﺮات ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ‬
separated by spacer struts or ‫ﺑﻌﻮارض ﻓﺎﺻﻠﺔ أو أﺟﻬﺰة ﻓﺼﻞ إﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ‬
electronic spacer controls so the ‫ﺗﺴﺎوي اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ أﻗﺮب ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﻌﺠﻼت‬
minimum distance between the ‫ﺷﺎﺣﻨﺔ أي راﻓﻌﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺠﺎورﺗﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ أو‬
nearest end truck wheels of any two ‫ ﻓﻴﺘﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ أﺧﺬ أﺣﻤﺎل‬،‫ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
adjacent cranes equals or exceeds the ‫اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺆدي إﻟﻰ أﺳﻮأ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات ﻓﻘﻂ‬
largest bay of the building, only the .‫ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ إﻃﺎر اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ واﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ‬
crane loads for the crane producing the
most unfavorable effect in each aisle
need be considered for the design of
the building frame and support
columns.
 If the runway beams are continuous or ‫إذا ﻧﺖ ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎر ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮة أو اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت‬ 
the cranes are not separated as ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬،‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ أﻋﻼه‬
56
described above, then the frame and ‫إﻃﺎر اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ واﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ ﻷﺳﻮأ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات‬
support columns shall be designed for :‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
the most unfavorable effects of crane
load of:
 A single crane, ‫راﻓﻌﺔ ﻣﻔﺮدة‬ 
 Any two adjacent cranes in any one ‫أي راﻓﻌﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺠﺎورﺗﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻤﺮ واﺣﺪ‬ 
aisle,
 Any two adjacent cranes in one aisle ‫أي راﻓﻌﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺠﺎورﺗﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻤﺮ واﺣﺪ‬ 
acting simultaneously with one crane in ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻼن ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰاﻣﻦ ﻣﻊ راﻓﻌﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻤﺮ‬
any other non-adjacent aisle, or ‫آﺧﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﺎور‬
 Any one crane acting in each of any two .‫ﻌ ﺔ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﺮﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎورﻳﻦ‬
َ‫أي راِﻓ‬ 
adjacent aisles.
 The crane arrangement producing the ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام إدارة اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ أﺳﻮأ‬ 
most unfavorable effect on the frame ‫ وﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬.‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻃﺎر واﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ‬
and support columns shall be used. For ‫ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻻت ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻌﺠﻼت‬
these conditions, the wheel loads ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮة‬%50 ‫راﻓﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫دون اﻻﺻﻄﺪام ﻟ‬
without impact for each crane shall be ‫ﻌ ﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
َ‫واﺣﺪة اﻟﺮاِﻓ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
used with 50% of the lateral force from ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ أٍي‬%100 ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰاﻣﻦ أو ﻣﻊ‬
each of the cranes acting .‫ﻌ ﺎ ت‬
َ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮاِﻓ‬
simultaneously, or with 100% of the
lateral force from any one of the
cranes.
used for each crane. When the lateral ‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺘﻴﻦ أو أﻛﺜﺮ‬
forces for two or more cranes are used, ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أﺧﺬ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻘﻮى‬
only those conditions in which lateral .‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻻﺗﺠﺎه ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر‬
forces act in the same direction may be
considered.
 Crane Supports ‫دﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت‬ 

o Vertical deflection of support runway ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺮأﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت‬ o
girders shall not exceed the following ‫اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل‬
limits due to maximum wheel load(s), L ‫اﻟﻘﺼﻮى ﻟﻠﻌﺠﻼت دون اﺻﻄﺪام )ﺣﻴﺚ‬
without impact (where L = the span :(‫ﺗﺴﺎوي ﻃﻮل اﻻﻣﺘﺪاد‬
length):
57
 Top running CMAA Class A, B, and C CMAA ‫ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬C‫ و‬B ،A ‫راﻓﻌﺎت اﻟﻔﺌﺎت‬ 
cranes L/600 L/600 ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ أﻋﻠﻰ‬
 Top running CMAA Class D cranes ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬CMAA ‫ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬D ‫راﻓﻌﺎت اﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ 
L/600 L/600 ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ أﻋﻠﻰ‬
 Top running CMAA Class E and F ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬CMAA ‫ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬F‫ و‬E ‫راﻓﻌﺎت اﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬ 
cranes L/1000 L/1000 ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ أﻋﻠﻰ‬
 Under running CMAA Class A, B, and C CMAA ‫ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬C‫ و‬B ،A ‫راﻓﻌﺎت اﻟﻔﺌﺎت‬ 
cranes L/1000 L/1000 ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ أﺳﻔﻞ‬
 Monorails L/1000 L/1000 ‫راﻓﻌﺎت اﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ اﻷﺣﺎدي‬ 
o Vertical deflection of jib cranes shall ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺮأﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﺮاﻓﻌﺎت‬ o
not exceed L/225 (where L = the ‫ = اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻘﺼﻮى‬L ‫ )ﺣﻴﺚ‬L/225 ‫اﻟﺬراﻋﻴﺔ‬
maximum distance from the support ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﺪاﻋﻢ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
column to load location along the ‫ﻃﻮل ذراع اﻟّﺮاﻓﻌﺔ( ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻷﻗﺼﻰ‬
length of the jib beam) due to the .‫اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻮع زاﺋﺪًا أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺮاﻓﻊ دون اﺻﻄﺪام‬
maximum lifted load plus hoist load(s),
without impact.
o Lateral deflection of support runway ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎرﺿﺎت‬ o

girders for cranes with lateral moving ‫اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎر ﻟﻠﺮاﻓﻌﺎت ذات اﻟﻌﺮﺑﺎت‬
trolleys shall not exceed L/400 (where (‫ = ﻃﻮل اﻻﻣﺘﺪاد‬L ‫ )ﺣﻴﺚ‬L/400 ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬
L = the span length) based on a total ‫ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ اﻟ ﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺮاﻓﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ‬
crane lateral force not less than 20% of ‫ ﻣﻦ إﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ وزن اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬%20 ‫ﺗﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬
the sum of the weights of the lifted load ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻮﻋﺔ )دن اﺻﻄﺪام( وﻋﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺔ‬
(without impact) and the crane trolley. ‫ﻋﺎرﺿﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
The lateral force shall be distributed to ‫اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎر ﻣﻊ اﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎه ﻟﻠﻘﺴﺎوة‬
each runway girder with due regard for ‫اﻟﺪاﻋﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺎر واﻟﻬﻴ‬
the lateral stiffness of the runway .‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎر‬
girders and structure supporting the
runway girders.
o Bumper Force. Crane stops shall be ‫ﻗﻮة اﻟﻤﺼﺪ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻧﻘﺎط ﺗﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺔ‬ o
designed in accordance with the ‫ إن ﻟﻢ‬،‫وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ أو‬
manufacturer's requirements, or, if not :‫ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬،‫ُﺗﺤﺪد‬
specified, the following load:
where: : ‫ﺣﻴ ﺚ‬
F = Design force on crane stop, kN ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬،‫ = اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺔ‬F
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W = 50% of bridge weight+90% of trolley weight, ‫ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء‬،‫ ﻣﻦ وزن اﻟﻌﺮﺑﺔ‬%90 + ‫ ﻣﻦ وزن اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬%50 ‫ = ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬W
excluding the lifted load, kN ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬،‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻮع‬
V = Rated crane speed, m/s ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬/‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬،‫ = ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻔﺔ‬V
2
g = Acceleration of gravity, 9.81 m/s2 ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬/‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬9.81 ،‫ = ﺗﺴﺎرع اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ‬g
T = Length of travel (m), of spring or plunger required ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺑﺾ أو زر إﻗﻔﺎل اﻟﻤﺰﻻج اﻟﻼزم ﻹﻳﻘﺎف‬،(‫ = ﻃﻮل اﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ )ﻣﺘﺮ‬T
to stop crane, from crane .(‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎدة‬50) ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺮاﻓﻌﺔ‬،‫اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺔ‬
manufacturer (usually 50 mm)
h = Bumper efficiency factor (0.5 for helical spring, see ‫ اﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬،‫ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺑﺾ اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻲ‬0.5) ‫ = ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟﻤﺼﺪ‬h
mfg. for hydraulic plunger) (‫اﻟﻤﺰﻻج اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬
2.3.15 VIBRATION LOADS ‫ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻻﻫﺘﺰاز‬2.3.15

Refer to vibration requirements in applicable -2) ‫ﻳﺮﺟﻰ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻻﻫﺘﺰاز ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻲ‬
subsections 2.4.3.5. .(5-3-4
2.3.16 RAILWAY LOADS ‫ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﻜﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬2.3.16

 Design of buildings and other structures ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
interfacing with railway traffic shall be based on ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺪاﺧﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ دﻟﻴﻞ‬
AREMA 2017 Manual for Railway Engineering. .‫ ﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ‬AREMA 2017
 Building structures supporting railway traffic on ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
curved tracks shall be designed to resist ‫اﻟﺴﻜﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺎرات اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺮﺟﺔ ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻗﻮى‬
centrifugal forces due to railway traffic by shear ‫اﻟﻄﺮد اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
walls or braces, with a clearly defined and ‫ﺟﺪران اﻟﻘﺺ أو اﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻒ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺴﺎر واﺿﺢ وﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
continuous load path to the foundation. .‫ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل إﻟﻰ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬
 Building structures supporting railway traffic ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ‬ ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن أﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
shall be founded on deep foundations, unless ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻜﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻮِص ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
recommended otherwise in the GDR. .‫اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ ﺑﺨﻼف ذﻟﻚ‬
 Surcharge load due to railway traffic on ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أﺧﺬ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﻚ‬ 
supporting and adjacent building structures ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ واﻟﻤﺠﺎورة ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
shall be considered in the design of these . ‫اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
structures.
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2.3.17 AREAS ACCESSIBLE TO VEHICULAR LIVE ‫ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺼﻞ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت‬2.3.17
LOAD
 Areas in building structures accessible to ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺼﻞ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
vehicular traffic shall be designed with ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ وﺿﻌﻬﺎ أﺣﻤﺎل‬
consideration for permitted vehicular loads. .‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر‬
 Floors in garages or portions of building used ‫أﻣﺎ أرﺿﻴﺎت ﻣﻮاﻗﻒ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت أو اﻷﺟﺰاء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ اﻟﺘﻲ‬ 
for storage of motor vehicles shall be designed ‫ُﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬
for the uniformly distributed live loads shown in SBC ‫اﻟﺘﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺎوي ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد ﻓﻲ‬
SBC 20018-301 or the following concentrated :‫ أو اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰة اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬20018-301
load:
o For garages restricted to passenger ‫أﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻒ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺼﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﺎرات اﻟﺮ ب‬ o
vehicles accommodating not more ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﺣﻤﻮﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ أﺷﺨﺎص ﻳﻜﻮن‬
than nine passengers, 13.0 kN acting ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬100 ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬13.0 ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
on an area of 100 mm by 100 mm, .‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﻛﻨﻘﻄﺔ ارﺗ ز ﻟﻠﺮاﻓﻌﺔ‬100 ×
footprint of a jack.
o For mechanical parking systems ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻒ اﻟﻤﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ‬ o
without slab or deck which are used for ‫ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺑﻼﻃﺎت أو ﺳﻄﺢ واﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬
storing passenger cars only, 10 kN per ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﻟﻠﻌﺠﻞ‬10 ،‫ﺳﻴﺎرات اﻟﺮ ب ﻓﻘﻂ‬
wheel. .‫اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬
 Areas accessible to pedestrian traffic, but not ‫أﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺼﻞ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺎة وﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﻬﺎ‬ 
to vehicular traffic, shall be designed for their ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺰﻣﻊ‬
intended use, but not for less than the greater :‫ﻋﻠﻰ أﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
of:
o The live load of 12.0 kN/m2. ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬12.0 ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬ o
.2‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬/
o Other loads as prescribed in ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻷﺧﺮى ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ‬ o
Subsection 2.3. .(3-2) ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬
 Transportation structures shall be designed in ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻞ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
accordance with Subsection 5. .(5)
2.4 LOAD COMBINATIONS ‫ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼت اﻻﺣﻤﺎل‬2.4

Buildings and other structures shall be designed using ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
the allowable or ultimate strength provisions of (4-2)‫( و‬3-2) ‫اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮﺣﺔ أو اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
Section 2.3 or 2.4 of the SBC 2018, with the exceptions ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬.‫ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة اﻻﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎءات اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻷﻗﺴﺎم‬
listed in these sections. Either Section 2.3 or 2.4 of the ‫ ﺑﺸ ٍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬SBC 2018 ‫( ﻣﻦ‬4-2) ‫( أو‬3-2) ‫أٍي ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺴﻤﻴﻦ‬
SBC 2018 shall be used exclusively for proportioning .‫ﻟﻨﺴﺐ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻮاد اﻹﻧﺸﺎءات اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻴ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬
elements of a particular construction material in the
60
structure.
2.5 GEOTECHNICAL INFORMATION ‫ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬2.5

The information in this section is intended to provide ‫ﺗﻬﺪف اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺰوﻳﺪ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري‬
the A/E with the basic understanding of the ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻬﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬/‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
geotechnical investigation process and the .‫اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ وﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ‬
Geotechnical Design Report (GDR).
2.5.2 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION ‫ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬2.5.2

 Geotechnical investigation is required for all ‫ إذا ﺗﻮﻓﺮت‬.‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ إﺟﺮاء اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻟ‬ 
projects. If the GDMP/ Amanat has pre-existing ‫ اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت دراﺳﺎت‬/ ‫ﻟﺪى اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
Geotechnical investigation for the same ‫ﺟﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ إﻋﺎدة ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬
location; this shall be revaluated by the Entities ‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺳﺘﺸﺎري‬
A/E Geotechnical Engineering firm to ensure ‫وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ‬ .‫دﻗﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻟﻀﻤﺎن‬/‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬
accuracy. After review and approval from both ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬/‫واﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
the Entities A/E and the A/E Geotechnical ‫ﺳﺘﺸﺎري‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺔ وﺷﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
Engineering firm it may be used. .‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ‬/‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎري‬
 Specific requirements for geotechnical ‫ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ 
investigation are included in Engineering ‫( )اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ رﻗﻢ‬11) ‫ اﻓﺼﻞ‬.‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬
Volume, Chapter 7. Section 11 (document ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷدﻟﺔ‬ MMR-CAE-KE0-GL-000009
MMR-CAE-KE0-GL-000009 Geotechnical (‫ﻟﻠﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬
Guideline)
2.5.3 GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN REPORT (GDR) ‫ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ‬2.5.3

For all projects, a GDR shall be prepared by A/E based ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ إﻋﺪاد ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬/‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
on geotechnical investigation at the project site and ‫ﺟﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
submitted to the GDMP/ Amanat for review and ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع وﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬
approval. The report generally includes: ‫ وﻳﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﻮﺟﻪ ﻋﺎم ﻣﺎ‬.‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺘﻪ واﻋﺘﻤﺎده‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
:‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬
 A plot showing the location of all test borings ‫أو‬/‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ أﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺣﻔﺮ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻴﺔ و‬ 
and/or excavations. .‫اﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎت‬
 Elevation of the water table, if encountered. .‫ إن وﺟﺪ‬،‫ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺣﻮض اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ 
 Recommendations for foundation type and ‫ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬،‫أﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻧﻮع اﻷﺳﺎس وﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 
design criteria, including net allowable bearing ‫ﺻﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ وأﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻐﻂ‬
pressure and the allowable peak bearing ‫ﻣﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ُﺗﻘﺎم ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
pressure of the stratum of soil where shallow ‫ واﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ آﺛﺎر اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬،‫ﻋﺎدة ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة رﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬
footings would normally be founded, and .‫اﻟﻠﺪﻧﺔ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬
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provisions to mitigate the effects of expansive

and highly plastic soils.
 Recommend type of cement for foundation and ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﻮع اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﻟﻸﺳﺎﺳﺎت ودرﺟﺔ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬ 
protection degree for concrete surfaces in :‫اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻼﻣﺴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
contact with soil, such as:
o Retaining, basement, pit, and other ‫اﻟﺠﺪران اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ وﺟﺪران اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ وﺟﺪران‬ o
walls. .‫اﻟﺘﺠﺎوﻳﻒ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺪران‬
o Soil densities for dry, moist, and ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ‬ o
saturated conditions. .‫واﻟﺮﻃﺒﺔ واﻟﻤﺸّﺒﻌﺔ‬
o Active and passive pressure .‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻨﺸﻂ واﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ o

coefficients for the soil.
o Recommended procedure for ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻰ‬ ‫اﻹﺟﺮاء‬ o

combining hydrostatic pressure with .‫اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬
lateral soil pressure.
 For walls resisting lateral forces transmitted ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺪران اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﺎوم ﻗﻮى ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﺻﺎدرة ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ 
through soil resulting from the presence of ‫وﻧﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ وﺟﻮد أﺣﻤﺎل ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻎ ﻣﻮزﻋﺔ أو ﻣﺮﻛﺰة ﻓﺈن‬
distributed or concentrated surcharge loads, ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ اﻹﺟﺮاءات اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬
the report provides recommended procedures ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ واﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬
for determining resulting vertical and horizontal .‫واﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬
pressures on vertical and horizontal surfaces.
 Where soil stratigraphy or presence of fills is ‫وﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﺗﺮد اﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ ﺗﺮاﺻﻒ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ أو وﺟﻮد‬ 
indicated, and the potential for differential ‫ردم واﺣﺘﻤﺎل اﻟﻬﺒﻮط اﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎوت ﻳﻘﺪم ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
settlement is high, the GDR provides ‫اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎت ﻋﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻟﻬﺒﻮط‬
instructions on how to achieve uniform .‫اﻟﻤﺘﺴﺎوي ﻟﻸﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬
foundation settlement.
 Where existing structures are adjacent to new ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻗﺮﻳﺒًﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻹﻧﺸﺎءات‬ ‫وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل وﺟﻮد اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
construction, the GDR provides instruction on ‫اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﻓﺈن ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎت‬
how to mitigate the effects of new construction ‫ﻋﻦ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ آﺛﺎر اﻹﻧﺸﺎءات اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
on the existing structures. .‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬
 When expansive and highly plastic soils are ‫وﻋﻨﺪ وﺟﻮد ﺗﺮﺑﺔ ﺗﻤﺪدﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﺪوﻧﺔ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎدة‬ 
present, special provisions are usually made in ‫اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت واﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬
the foundation design and construction to ‫ وﻓﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه‬.‫ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺿﺪ أي ﺗﻠﻒ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬
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safeguard against damage due to these soils. In ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻻت ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
such cases, the GDR provides design and .‫واﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ اﻟﻈﺮوف واﻷﺣﻮال اﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪة‬
construction criteria to mitigate the prevailing
conditions.
2.6 CONCRETE DESIGN ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬2.6

 Engineering and configuration of concrete ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ وﻓﻘًﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ وإﻋﺪادات اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
structures shall be as provided in the SBC ‫ ووﻓﻘًﺎ ﻷﻛﻮاد‬CC304‫ و‬SBC 2018-304 ‫ﻟﻤﺎ ورد ﻓﻲ‬
2018-304 & 304CC and in the respective .‫ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ‬
material building codes referenced by the MBC.
 The design, construction, maintenance and ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ وﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ واﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ 
selection of materials covered herein shall ‫ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬,SBC 2018-304 ‫اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ‬
comply with the SBC 2018-304, Chapter 3 .‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
2.6.2 MATERIALS ‫ اﻟﻤﻮاد‬2.6.2

 For reinforced concrete structures, Portland ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
Pozzolan Cement concrete (Type I Cement) ‫إﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﺑﻮرﺗﻼﻧﺪ اﻟﺒﻮزوﻻﻧﻲ )اﻟﻨﻮع اﻷول( وﻓﻘًﺎ‬
shall be used in accordance with guideline ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻹرﺷﺎدﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
specifications for structural concrete for the : ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
following types of structures:
o All concrete structures in contact with ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻼﻣﺲ اﻷرض أو‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
the ground or the ground water — up to ‫ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻣﺘﺮ واﺣﺪ ﻓﻮق ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬- ‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬
1 m above finished grade. .‫اﻟﺘﺸﻄﻴﺐ‬
o All waterfront structures in contact with ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
seawater or in a location subject to ‫ﺗﻼﻣﺲ ﻣﺎء اﻟﺒﺤﺮ أو ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻌﺮض ﻟﺮﺷﺎت‬
seawater spray. .‫ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
o All mass-concrete construction (mass ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ إﻧﺸﺎءات اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺼﻤﺎء )ﺗﻌﻨﻲ‬ o

concrete is defined here as ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺼﻤﺎء ﻫﻲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
monolithically poured structural ‫ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﻛﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ إﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﻤﻚ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺷ‬
elements with least dimension over 1m ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ( ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬1
in thickness). Construction of mass ‫ ﻟﺼﺐ وﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ACI ‫اﻟﺼﻤﺎء ﻣﻊ اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬
concrete elements shall comply with ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺼﻤﺎء‬
ACI provisions for casting and curing of ‫اﻟﺼﻤﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬
mass concrete. Where mass concrete ‫وﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎت‬ ‫وﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت‬ ‫أﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت‬
is required in a project, the drawings ‫ وﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺰﻳﺎدة اﻟﺘ ﻔﺔ واﻟﺠﻬﺪ‬.‫اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬
shall include locations, notes, and ‫واﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺼﺐ وﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
construction instructions. Due to the ‫ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬/‫اﻟﺼﻤﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
63
increased cost, effort, and time ‫أو ﻣﻘﺎول اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎت واﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬/‫و‬
associated with the casting and curing ‫واﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻻت ﺑﺬﻟﻚ أﻗﺼﻰ اﻟﺠﻬﻮد ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬
of mass concrete, A/E and/or EPC .‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻛﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺻﻤﺎء‬
Contractor shall make an effort to
avoid proportioning structural
members as mass concrete.
 For reinforced concrete not in contact with the ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﻼﻣﺲ اﻷرض ﻳﺠﺐ‬ 
ground, Type I Cement shall be used in ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام إﻣﺴﻨﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻷول وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬
accordance with the guideline specification for .‫اﻹرﺷﺎدﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
structural concrete.
 For plain concrete blinding, Type V Cement ‫أﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﻤﻠﻴﺲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ 
shall be used in accordance with the guideline ‫إﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻹرﺷﺎدﻳﺔ‬
specification for structural concrete. .‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
 Refer to Subsection 7 for additional ‫( ﻟﻼﻃﻼع ﻋﻠﻰ‬7) ‫ﻳﺮﺟﻰ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬ 
requirements on corrosion protection. . ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺿﺪ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
2.6.3 CONCRETE DURABILITY ‫ ﺗﺤﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬2.6.3

 Concrete Durability shall meet the SBC ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ 
requirements of the SBC 2018-304, Chapter .‫ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ ﻋﺸﺮ‬،2018-304
19.
 Engineering of concrete structures shall be ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
performed with due consideration of the ‫ وﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻘﺘِﺾ‬.‫اﻟﺘﺂ ﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ وﻇﺮوف اﻹﺷﻐﺎل‬
corrosive nature of the local environment and ‫اﻟﻈﺮوف ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬
occupancy conditions. Unless conditions ‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬
warrant durability to be engineered, details for ‫ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻹرﺷﺎدﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت‬،‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
the protection of concrete should meet the .‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬
requirements of the GDMP/ Amana’s, guideline
specifications, and typical construction details
drawings.
2.6.4 CAST-IN PLACE CONCRETE ‫ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬2.6.4

1. Reinforced Concrete
‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ .1
o Reinforcing steel details shall be in
‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻓﻮﻻذ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ وﻓﻘًﺎ‬ o
accordance with the provisions of the
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ،SBC 2018-304 ‫ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬
SBC 2018-304, Chapter 20/ ACI 318-
‫ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‬ACI 318-14 / ‫اﻟﻌﺸﺮون‬
14 Chapter 25. Use of ACI 315 is
‫ ﻓﻲ‬ACI 315 ‫ وُﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬.‫واﻟﻌﺸﺮون‬
allowed where the specific design
64
requirements are not addressed by the ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺿﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻌﺎﻟﺞ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ‬
MBC. .‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬
o Tolerances for fabrication and ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ o

placement of reinforcing steel bars ‫واﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻗﻀﺒﺎن ﻓﻮﻻذ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ وﻓﻘًﺎ‬
shall be in accordance with ACI 117M, ‫ "ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬،ACI 117M ‫ﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬
"Specification for Tolerances for ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻮاد اﻹﻧﺸﺎءات اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎت‬
Concrete Construction Materials and ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أﺧﺬ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﻫﺬه‬."[‫]ﻣﺘﺮي‬
Commentary [Metric]". The effect of .‫ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
these tolerances shall be considered in
the design.
o The minimum yield strength of ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺧﻀﻮع‬ o
reinforcing steel shall be as follows: :‫ﻓﻮﻻذ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
 Reinforcing Steel Bars: 414 MPa ‫ ﻣﻴﺠﺎﺑﺎﺳ ل‬414 :‫ﻗﻀﺒﺎن ﻓﻮﻻذ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬ 
(60 ksi) (ksi 60)
 Welded Wire Fabric: 240 MPa (36 240 :‫ﻧﺴﻴﺞ اﻷﺳﻼك اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻮﻣﺔ‬ 
ksi) ( ksi 36) ‫ﻣﻴﺠﺎﺑﺎﺳ ل‬
o Epoxy coated reinforcing steel shall be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻮﻻذ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻲ‬ o
used for those portions of structures ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
situated below grade and up to 1m ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻓﻮق اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬1 ‫ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى وﺣﺘﻰ‬
above grade, provided that the ‫ﺷﺮط أﻻ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻣﺤﻤﻴًﺎ ﺑﺎﻟ ﺛﻮد‬
reinforcement is not cathodically .(‫)اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء‬
protected.
o The maximum diameter size of ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻘﻄﺮ ﻗﻀﺒﺎن‬ o
reinforcing steel bars to be used shall ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ اﻟﺤﺪ‬32 ‫ﻓﻮﻻذ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬
be 32 mm and the minimum shall be 10 ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻮﻻذ‬.‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬10 ‫اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻋﻦ‬
mm. Larger reinforcing steel sizes shall ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺎت اﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
be used only when technically feasible, ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺠﺪﻳًﺎ ﻓﻨﻴًﺎ وﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ إﻧﺠﺎز اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
design cannot be achieved, and only ‫ﺑﺪوﻧﻪ وﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
upon approval of the GDMP/ Amanat. .‫ اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
o Configuration of structural members ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺠﻨﺐ إﻋﺪادات اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ o

such that they have the maximum code ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷﻗﺼﻰ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﻪ‬
permitted ratio of reinforcing steel area ‫اﻟﻜﻮد ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻓﻮﻻذ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ إﻟﻰ‬
to concrete area shall be avoided. For ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ‬.‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
members that intersect with other ‫ﺗﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ أﺧﺮى ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
members, the preferred maximum ratio ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ‬%75 ‫اﻟﻘﺼﻮى اﻷﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﻲ‬
shall be 75% of the maximum code
65
permitted ratio. Exceptions are ‫ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت‬.‫ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﻮد‬
permissible for isolated cases. .‫اﻟﻤﻌﺰوﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬
o Particular care shall be exercised in the ‫وﻳﺠﺐ ﺑﺬل ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ إﻋﺪاد اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬ o
configuration of joints that have .‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺗﺆﻃﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪة ﺟﻬﺎت‬
members framing from multiple
directions.
 Bar spacing limitations shall apply ‫ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺣﺪود اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻀﺒﺎن‬ 
to all splices and laps in the joint. ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﺮاﻛﺒﻴﺔ‬
.‫وﺗﺮاﻛﺐ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬
 Curvature of bends of bars larger ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻳﻀًﺎ اﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎه ﻟﺘﻘﻮﺳﺎت أﻛﻮاع‬ 

than 12mm shall be considered. .‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬12 ‫اﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
 Positions of offset bends of ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ أﻳﻀًﺎ اﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎه إﻟﻰ اﻷﻛﻮاع‬ 
column bar splices shall be ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺻﻼت اﻟﺘﺮاﻛﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻋﻤﺪة‬
considered. .‫ﻗﻀﺒﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺷ‬
 When multiple beams frame ‫وﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻼﻗﻲ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت أﻓﻘﻴًﺎ ﻓﻲ‬ 
horizontally into a joint, beams ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺗﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة ﺧﻼف‬
other than the primary beam shall ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﻮﻻذ‬
be configured with the top ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ وﺿﻊ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ‬
longitudinal reinforcing steel .‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻮد اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬
positioned successively below the

longitudinal steel of the primary
beam.
 Longitudinal beam reinforcing ‫وﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﻮﻻذ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺔ‬ 
steel cannot be in the same ‫ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﻊ ﻓﻮﻻذ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬
position in space as the ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺣﺠﻢ‬.‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﻄﻮاﻟﻲ‬
longitudinal column steel. Size and ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ واﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮن‬
spacing of members shall be ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ وﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻮﻻذ‬
selected such that reinforcing ‫ وﻻ ُﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬.‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬
steel does not have to be .‫اﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬
reoriented or repositioned at the

joint. Bunching of bars at the joint
shall not be permitted.
 Bottom reinforcing steel that ‫أﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬ 
terminates at a joint shall be ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺗﺸﺒﻴﻜﻪ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
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hooked only if required by ‫ﻄﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل اﻗﺘﻀﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬

‫ﺧ ّﺎ‬
structural analysis or by structural ‫اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ أو اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت اﻟﺘ ﻣﻞ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ‬
integrity provisions. .‫ذﻟﻚ‬
 Concrete Specified Compressive Strength to ‫ﻗﻮة ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
be Used in Building Structures ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
The following shall govern the use of concrete for the ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺨﻀﻊ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
design of reinforced concrete Building Structures: :‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
o Structural Concrete ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ o

The minimum design compressive ASTM ) ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
strength (ASTM C39M) of structural ‫ ﺑﻤﺎ‬،‫ ﻣﻴﺠﺎﺑﺎﺳ ل‬25 ‫( ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬C39M
concrete, including those with minimum ‫ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ أﻗﻞ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻷﻏﺮض‬
reinforcement for shrinkage and .‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻧﻜﻤﺎش ودرﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
temperature control, shall be 25 MPa.
o Pre-cast/Pre-stressed Concrete ‫ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬/‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟّﺼّﺐ‬ o

strength (ASTM C39M) of Pre-cast/Pre- ‫ ﺑﻤﺎ‬،‫ ﻣﻴﺠﺎﺑﺎﺳ ل‬35 ‫( ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬C39M
stressed Concrete, shall be 35 MPa. ‫ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺣﺪًا أدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ‬
.‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﺑﻐﺮض اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻧﻜﻤﺎش ودرﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
o Non-Structural Concrete ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ o

strength (ASTM C39M) of unreinforced ‫ ﺑﻤﺎ‬،‫ ﻣﻴﺠﺎﺑﺎﺳ ل‬20 ‫( ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬C39M
concrete of no significant structural value ‫ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺣﺪًا أدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ‬
such as concrete blinding or lean concrete, .‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﺑﻐﺮض اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻧﻜﻤﺎش ودرﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
and concrete for duct banks shall be 20
MPa.
2. Plain Concrete ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ‬ .2

o Engineering of plain concrete ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ o
structures shall be in accordance with ‫اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ‬
the Structural Plain Concrete chapter ‫أو‬/‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ و‬
of the MBC and/or codes and ‫اﻷﻛﻮاد واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬
standards referenced in the MBC. .‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ‬
o Structural plain concrete basement ‫اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻳﺠ ﺐ‬ o

walls shall be exempt from the .‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﻌﺮض اﻟﺨﺎص‬
requirements for special exposure
conditions.
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o Design and construction of soil- ‫ﻳﺨﻀﻊ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪة‬ o

supported slabs, such as sidewalks ‫ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﻤﺎﺷﻲ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ واﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬،‫إﻟﻰ اﻷرض‬
and slabs-on- ground, shall not be ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ‬ACI 318 ‫ ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬،‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرض‬
governed by ACI 318 unless they ‫ﺗﻨﻘﻞ أﺣﻤﺎًﻻ رأﺳﻴﺔ أو ﻗﻮى ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ أﺟﺎء أﺧﺮى‬
transmit vertical loads or lateral forces .‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
from other parts of the structure to the
soil.
o For special structures, such as arches, ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻷﻗﻮاس‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
underground utility structures, gravity ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻷرض وﺟﺪران اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﻫﻴﺎ‬
walls, and shielding walls, provisions of ‫واﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﻮاﻗﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت ﻫﺬا‬
this subsection shall govern where .‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬
applicable.
o Minimum Concrete compressive ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ o

strength for plain concrete shall be no .‫ ﻣﻴﺠﺎ ﺑﺎﺳ ل‬20 ‫اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ‬
less than 20 MPa.
3. Architectural Concrete ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ‬ .3

o A cast-in-place architectural concrete ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري اﻟﻤﺼﺒﻮب‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﻬﻴ‬ o
structure shall be any structure ‫ُﻣﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ أي ﻫﻴ‬
indicated on the Architectural drawings ‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ وﻻ ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
that does not participate in the ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻛﻌﻨﺼﺮ أو ﻣﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
resistance of loads as an element or a ‫ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻫﺬه‬.‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮًا ﻣﻌﻤﺎرﻳًﺎ ﺟﺎﻫﺰًا‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺸ‬
component of the building structure, ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠًﺔ وﻻ ﺗﻘﺎوم أي أﺣﻤﺎل ﺧﻼف ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
and that is not an off-the-shelf ‫ وﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺗﻠﻚ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺤّﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮًة‬
architectural element. They exist ،‫ اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت‬،‫ اﻟﻜﻨﺐ‬،‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ اﻟﺪرﺟﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
independently and resist no loads ‫ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ‬،‫ اﻟﺸﺒ ت اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺰة‬،‫اﻷﺳﻴﺠﺔ‬
other than those applied directly to ‫وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
them. Examples are concrete steps, ‫ وﻻ ُﺗﺪرج‬.‫أدﻧﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻜﺮر ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﻲ‬
benches, signs, fences, screens, ‫ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ‬
artwork, etc. that are of such nature ‫ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺷﻚ ﻓﻲ وﺟﻮد ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪ أو‬
that only minimal and repetitive grid ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل وﺟﻮد ﺧﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرواح ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻲ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ‬
reinforcement is required. They shall .‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬
not be shown on the structural
drawings unless it is deemed that there
is complexity or potential risk to human
life to warrant more careful detailing.
o Engineering of architectural concrete ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬/‫ﻳﺠﺮي اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬ o

shall be done by the A/E. .‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ‬
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o The finished surfaces of a cast-in- ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﺸﻄﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬ o

place architectural concrete structure ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ أن‬
shall be as specified on the ‫ﺗﻜﻮن وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺤﺪد ﻓﻲ رﺳﻮﻣﺎت‬
architectural design drawings. .‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
4. Concrete Finishing ‫ ﺗﺸﻄﻴﺐ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬.4

o Concrete finishes exposed to view in ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﺸﻄﻴﺐ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ o
the finished structure shall be as ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺘﻤﻠﺔ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
specified in the Architectural ‫ ﻳﺮﺟﻰ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ رﻗﻢ‬.‫اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
construction documents. Refer to ‫)اﻷدﻟﺔ‬ MMR-CAE-KEA-GL-000001
document no. MMR-CAE-KEA-GL- ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري( ﻟﻺﻃﻼع ﻋﻠﻰ‬
000001 (Architectural design ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺸﻄﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﻠﻮن اﻟﺠﻴﺪ ﻟﻠﻮاﺟﻬﺎت‬
guidelines) for fair-face concrete color .‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
finish requirements.
 For all concrete surfaces not exposed ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ‬ 
to view in the finished structure, a ‫ﻣﻜﺘﻤﻞ ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ أي ﻫﻴ‬
rough- formed finish, defined as having ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻄﻴﺐ اﻟﺨﺸﻦ اﻟﻤﺸ ّ ﻣﻘﺒﻮًﻻ وﻫﻮ اﻟﺬي‬
an as-cast concrete texture imparted ‫ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻣﻠﻤﺲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺼﺐ وﺳﺪ‬
by the form facing material, tie holes ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﻂ وإﺻﻼح أي ﻋﻴﻮب وإزاﻟﺔ أي‬
filled, defects repaired, and fins and ‫ أﻣﺎ اﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺸ ﺔ‬.‫ﺗﺤﺪﺑﺎت أو ﻧﺘﻮءات‬
other projections removed, shall be ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺗﻨﻌﻴﻤﻬﺎ إﻻ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﺼﺐ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ‬
acceptable. Unformed surfaces shall ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺠﺐ‬
be struck off smooth, unless additional ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أن‬.‫ﺗﺨﺸﻴﻦ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺧﺼﻴﺼًﺎ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﻐﺮض‬
concrete is to be cast against the ACI ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺔ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬
surface, whereupon the surface shall .318-14
be struck off and intentionally
roughened. Surface roughness shall be
as provided in ACI 318-14.
 The finished surface for cast-in-place ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻮاد اﻟﺘﺸﻄﻴﺐ‬ 
concrete that will have an architectural ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻄﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺨ ﺼ ﻮص‬
finish adhered shall be coordinated ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﺸﻄﻴﺒًﺎ‬
with the supplier of the finish product. .‫ﻣﻌﻤﺎرﻳًﺎ‬
2.6.5 PRECAST/ PRESTRESSED CONCRETE ‫ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬/ ‫ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬2.6.5

 Precast/pre-stressed concrete structures shall ‫ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬/ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺐ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 
be fabricated at an off-site, certified .‫اﻹﺟﻬﺎز ﺧﺎرج اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻓﻖ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬
manufacturing facility.
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 Engineering of Precast/pre-stressed concrete / ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ ﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
structures should be performed by the ‫ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺮد اﻹﺷﺎرة‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
manufacturer, unless noted otherwise. .‫ﻟﺨﻼف ذﻟﻚ‬
 Engineering of Precast/pre-stressed concrete / ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
structures shall be as provided in the SBC SBC 2018-304 ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﺎ ورد ﻓﻲ‬
2018-304 and in the respective material ‫ووﻓﻘًﺎ ﻷﻛﻮاد ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬
building codes referenced by the MBC, and in ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻻﻟﺘﺰام ﺑﺎﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت وﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻛﺘﻴﺐ‬
accordance with the provisions and ‫ اﻟﺼﺎدر ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬MNL 120 ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
recommendations of the PCI Design .(PCI) ‫اﻟﺠﻬﺪ‬
Handbook, MNL 120.
 Fabrication, rebar placement, embedment ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ ووﺿﻊ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ‬ 
placement, and erection tolerances shall be in ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ وﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ اﻷﺳﺎﻓﻴﻦ وﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﻊ‬
accordance with PCI MNL 116. .PCI MNL 116 ‫اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬
2.6.6 PRECAST ARCHITECTURAL CONCRETE ‫ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬2.6.6

Engineering of precast Architectural concrete shall be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ وﻓﻘًﺎ‬
in accordance with the provisions and ‫ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت وﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎت دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬
recommendations of the PCI Architectural Precast .‫ اﻟﺼﺎدر ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ‬MNL-122
Concrete Manual, MNL-122.
2.6.7 PRE-ENGINEERED/ PRE-FABRICATED ‫ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬/ ‫ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬2.6.7

PRECAST BUILDINGS
 Modular building design for utilization of ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ 
precast concrete elements, the following ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺗﺒﺎع اﻹرﺷﺎدات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
directive for designing of reinforced concrete ‫ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﺼﻔﺘﻬﺎ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
buildings shall be adopted as a preferred . ‫اﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬
construction method.
 Whenever feasible and economically viable, ‫وﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 
precast elements shall be utilized in the design. ‫ن ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ وأﻳﻨﻤﺎ‬.‫ن ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻔﻴﺪًا وﻣﺠٍﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳًﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ‬
Whenever feasible, precast elements already ‫ًﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬،‫ﻣﺠﺪﻳ‬
manufactured in the Kingdom shall be utilized, ‫ ﻣﻊ أﺧﺬ وﻓﺮة اﻟﻤﻮاد‬،‫اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة واﻟﻤﺼﻨّﻌﺔ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬
taking into consideration Saudi material ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬.‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ وإﻣ ﻧﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬
availability and manufacturing capability. .‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻼت ﻣﻜﺘﻤًﻼ ﺗﻤﺎﻣًﺎ‬
Design of structural details such as
connections shall be complete.
 A complete single set of structural design ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ إﻋﺪاد ﻧﺴﺨﺔ‬/‫وﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬ 
calculations and contract drawings shall be ‫ﻣﻠﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬
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developed by the A/E such that the ‫ورﺳﻮﻣﺎت ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﺪم ﻣﻘﺎول اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬
construction contractor can submit an ‫ﻋﺮﺿًﺎ ﺑﺪﻳًﻼ ﻟﻸﻧﻈﻤﺔ واﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
alternative proposal for structural systems and ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪات ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺼﺔ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﺑﺄﻗﻞ ﻗﺪر ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬
components, which are shown on the Contract ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻌﺮض‬.‫واﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬
bid package with minimum alterations and ‫ﻧﻈﺎم إﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ إﻣﺎ ﻣﺼﺒﻮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺷ‬
additional calculations. The alternative ‫ وﻟﻼﻟﺘﺰام ﺑﻬﺬا‬.‫وﻣﻌﺪل أو ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬
proposal may consist of either a modified cast- ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻳﺒﺞ أن ﻳﻌﻜﺲ اﻟﺘﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻌﺎم واﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬
in-place or precast concrete structural system. ،"‫اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ وأﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ "اﻟﻤﻔﻬﻮم اﻟﻤﺮن‬
To comply with this requirement, the general ‫ وﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ اﻻﺧﺘﻼف ﻓﻲ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد واﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬
layout, structural details and dimensions of ‫ زﻳﺎدة ﺗﻜﺮار اﻷﺑﻌﺎد واﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬،‫اﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬
structural components shall reflect the .‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
modular concept (i.e., variation of dimensions
and details shall be minimized, and conversely,
repetition of dimensions and utilization of
identical building components shall be
maximized).
2.6.8 POST TENSIONED CONCRETE ‫ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻻﺣﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬2.6.8

Engineering of post-tensioned concrete structures ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻻﺣﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
shall be as provided in the SBC 2018-304 and in the ‫ ووﻓﻘًﺎ ﻷﻛﻮاد ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬SBC 2018-304 ‫ورد ﻓﻲ‬
respective material building codes referenced by the ‫ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻻﻟﺘﺰام ﺑﺎﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت وﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ‬
MBC, and in accordance with the provisions and ،(1) ‫ اﻟﺠﺪول‬،‫اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت وﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎت دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻻﺣﻖ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬
recommendations of the PTI Post-Tensioning Manual, .‫اﻟﺼﺎدر ﻋﻦ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻻﺣﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬
TAB.1.
2.6.9 COMPOSITE CONCRETE ‫ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺮّﻛﺒﺔ‬2.6.9

 Engineering and configuration of composite ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻠﺘﺰم ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وإﻋﺪادات ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 
steel and concrete structures shall be in .SBC 2018-306 ‫واﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬
accordance with the SBC 2018-306.
 Specific products used in the implementation ‫وﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ 
of a composite system that are not in direct ‫اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت أﻛﻮاد‬
compliance with the building codes shall be ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻲ اﻋﺘﻤﺎدﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﺑﺸ‬
certified by the International Code Council (ICC) .(ICC) ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻷﻛﻮاد اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ‬
Evaluation Service. Engineering shall be based ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ واﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ‬
on the values and limitations provided in the ‫ وﻻ‬.‫ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻠﺲ اﻷﻛﻮاد اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ‬
ICC Evaluation Service Report (ESR). ‫ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬.‫ُﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺄي اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت ﺧﺎرج ﻧﻄﺎق ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
Applications outside of the range of testing ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻘﺎرﻳﺮ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات وﻗﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
shall not be permitted. Test reports and design ‫ﺟﻬﺎت اﺧﺘﺒﺎر واﻋﺘﻤﺎد أﺧﺮى ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
values produced by other independent product .‫ اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/ ‫اﻋﺘﻤﺎد اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
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testing and certification organizations may be

used, subject to GDMP/ Amanat’s approval.
2.6.10 SLAB ON GRADE ‫ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬2.6.10

 Design Requirements ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠّﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 
o In general, slabs on grade structures ‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ ﻹﺟﻬﺎد اﻹﻧﺤﻨﺎء‬ ‫ُﺗﺼﻤﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ o
are designed for bending stresses due ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ واﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰة‬
to uniform loads and concentrated ‫وﻟﻺﺟﻬﺎدات اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻧﻜﻤﺎش اﻟﺠﻔﺎف‬
loads and for in-plane stresses due to ‫ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل‬.‫وﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺴﺤﺐ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻷرض‬
drying shrinkage and subgrade drag ‫ﻣﻼءﻣﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ اﻟﺠﺎري‬
resistance. When appropriate for the ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات أﺣﻤﺎل‬
type of facility being designed, slabs ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮدﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻣﻤﺮات وﻧﻘﺎط‬
are designed for the effects of ‫ وﻓﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻻت‬.‫ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ وأرﻓﻒ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
warehouse loadings involving aisles, ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎه إﻟﻰ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﺰم اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻲ‬
posts and racks, etc. In such instances, .‫اﻟﻤﻤﺮات‬
attention shall be given to the design
for negative moment in aisles.
o Proper construction methods, ‫ﺗﺘﻘﻴﺪ ﻃﺮق اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﺔ واﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﻴﺔ‬ o

workmanship, and concrete mix ‫وﻧﺴﺐ ﻣﺰج اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺼﻮرٍة ﻋﺎم ﺑﺈرﺷﺎدات‬
proportioning generally follow the ‫ "إرﺷﺎدات ﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻷرﺿﻴﺎت‬،ACI 302.1R
guidelines of ACI 302.1R, "Guide to ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﺳﻤﻚ‬."‫واﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
Concrete Floor and Slab Construction". (1-2) ‫ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺠﺪول‬.‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬100 ‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ ﻋﻦ‬
Slabs are required to have a minimum ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺳﻤﺎﻛﺔ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
thickness of 100 mm. TABLE 2.1 ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك ﻟﻠﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ‬
provides criteria for selection of slab 2.75 ‫( ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬ks) ‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ارﺗ س‬
thickness based on design live load, for .3‫ﺳﻢ‬/‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﺟﺮام‬
slabs on grade having a reaction
modulus (ks) of at least 2.75 kg/cm3.
 Unless otherwise specified above, the correct ‫وﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺧﻼف ذﻟﻚ ُﻳﺤﺪد اﻟﺴﻤﻚ اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ 
slab thickness shall be determined in ،(PCA) ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻼﻃﺔ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻨﺸﺮات اﺗﺤﺎد إﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﺑﻮرﺗﻼﻧﺪ‬
accordance with the Portland Cement ."‫"ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺳﻤﻚ ﺑﻼﻃﺎت اﻷرﺿﻴﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
Association (PCA) Publication, "Slab Thickness ‫ إﻟﻰ‬،PCA ‫ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬،‫ُﺗﺤﻮل اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻄﺔ‬
Design for Industrial Concrete Floors on ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺰق اﻟﺬي ُﻳﺨﻔﺾ ﺑﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ أﻣﺎن ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
Grade." In the PCA design process compressive ‫ ُﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬.‫اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻼﻧﺤﻨﺎء واﻟﺸﺪ ﻣﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻪ‬
strength is converted to modulus of rupture, ‫ﺣﻴﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻼﻧﺤﻨﺎء واﻟﺸﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻪ‬
which is then reduced by a factor of safety to .‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﻤﻚ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬
obtain the maximum allowable flexural tensile
stress. The maximum allowable flexural tensile
stress is then used to determine the required
slab thickness.
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o When partition walls are situated over ‫ﻧﺖ ﺟﺪران ﺳﺘﻘﻮم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫وإذا‬ o
slab on grade, the slab on grade shall .‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ زﻳﺎدة ﺳﻤﻚ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﺪار‬
be thickened under partition wall.
o Mechanical equipment pads shall be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺰل ﻛﺮاﺳﻲ )ﺳﻨﺎدات( اﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﻤﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ o
isolated from slab on grade. .‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬
TABLE 2.1 SLAB ON GRADE LIVE LOAD ‫ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك ﻟﻠﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬:(1-2) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬
Max. Uniform Design ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك‬

Thickness of Slab ‫ﺳﻤﻚ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ‬
Live Load ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻲ اﻷﻗﺼﻲ‬
100 mm 7 kN/m2 2
‫م‬/‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬7 ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬100
150 mm 12 kN/m2 2
200 mm 20 kN/m2 2
2.6.11 JOINTS ‫ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬2.6.11

1. Slab on Grade Joints ‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬ .1
a) Expansion Joints (EJ) (EJ) ‫( ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬a
 Expansion joints shall be provided to ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد ﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎص ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات‬ 
accommodate the effects of ‫اﻹزاﺣﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻻﻧﻜﻤﺎش ودرﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
displacements caused by shrinkage, .‫واﻟﺰﺣﻒ واﻟﻬﺒﻮط‬
temperature, creep, and settlement.
 Expansion joints shall be located such ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬ 
that they divide the slab on grade into a ‫ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ أﻗﺴﺎم‬
number of approximately equal .‫ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﻳﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒًﺎ‬
individual sections.
 Expansion joints shall be provided at ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬50 ‫وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد ﻋﻨﺪ‬ 
approximately 50 m centres both ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬.‫ﺗﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺸ ٍ ﻃﻮاﻟﻲ وﻣﺴﺘﻌﺮض‬
longitudinally and transversely. For ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻓﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ‬
exposed slabs, expansion joints shall .‫ ﻣﺘﺮًا ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒًﺎ‬25 ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺪد ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت‬
be provided at approximately 25 m
spacing.
 Expansion joints shall be at least 25 mm ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬25 ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻋﺮض ﻓﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬ 
wide. . ‫اﻷ ﻗ ﻞ‬
b) Contraction/Control Joints (CCJ) (CCJ) ‫ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬/‫( ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﺺ‬b
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 Contraction joints shall be provided to ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﺺ ﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎص اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات‬ 
accommodate the effects of .‫اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻻﻧﻜﻤﺎش ودرﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة واﻟﻬﺒﻮط‬
shrinkage, temperature, and ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬
settlement. Contraction joints attempt .‫اﻟﺸﻘﻮق اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺪث ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻘﻠﺺ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ‬
to control the location of cracks that
occur due to contraction of the slab.
 Contraction joints shall be located ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﺺ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ‬ 
such that they divide the slab on grade ‫ﺗﻘّﺴﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺘﺴﺎوي‬
into a number of approximately equal ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒًﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻗﺴﺎم ﺑﻴﻢ اﻟﺤﻮاف وﻓﻮاﺻﻞ‬
individual sections between edges and .‫اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬
expansion joints.
 Contraction joints shall preferably be ‫وﻳﻔﻀﻞ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﺺ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ 

straight, located on or near building ‫ ﺧﻄﻮط ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬،‫ أو ﻗﺮﻳﺒًﺎ ﻣﻦ‬،‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬
grid lines, and at approximately equal .‫وﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
intervals between grid lines.
 The location of contraction joints shall ‫وﺗﺠﺐ اﻹﺷﺎرة ﺑﻮﺿﻮح إﻟﻰ ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ‬ 
be clearly indicated on the plans. .‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﺺ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎت‬
c) Construction Joints (CJ) (CJ) ‫( اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬c

 Construction joints shall be provided to ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ اﻟﺼﺐ‬ 
facilitate separate casting of different .‫اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺼﻞ ﻟﻤﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ‬
sections of a slab. A construction joint ‫وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻛﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬
may be used as a contraction joint .‫ﺗﻘﻠﺺ ﺷﺮط ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﺺ‬
provided that the contraction joint
features are implemented.
 Construction joints shall preferably be ‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وُﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬ 

straight. .‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬
 The location of construction joints shall ‫وﺗﺠﺐ اﻹﺷﺎرة ﺑﻮﺿﻮح إﻟﻰ ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬ 
be clearly indicated on the plans. .‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎت‬
d) All Joints ‫( ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬d

 Where the use of the slab involves the ‫ن ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺮورﻳﺔ‬ ‫إذا‬ 
movement of traffic or heavy ‫أو ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻌﺪات ﺛﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬
equipment across the joint, provisions .‫اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎط ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﻨﻘﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬
shall be made to transfer shear across ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺴﻤﺢ آﻟﻴﺔ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺤﺮة‬
the joint. The shear transfer ‫)اﻟﻔﺘﺢ واﻟﻘﻔﻞ( ﻟﻠﻔﺎﺻﻞ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬
74
mechanism shall permit free .‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬

movement (opening and closing) of the
joint, and, where required, lateral
translation.
 Joints shall preferably be straight and ‫ أو‬،‫وﻳﻔﻀﻞ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ وﻋﻠﻰ‬ 
located on or near building grid lines. .‫ ﺧﻄﻮط ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬،‫ﻗﺮﻳﺒًﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
2. Structure Movement Joints ‫ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻬﻴ‬.2

o Movement joints shall be provided in ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
structures to accommodate the ‫ﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎص ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻹزاﺣﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬
effects of displacements caused by ‫واﻟﺤﺮ ت اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ واﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى‬
wind, seismic, other lateral loads, .‫واﻻﻧﻜﻤﺎش ودرﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة واﻟﺰﺣﻒ واﻟﻬﺒﻮط‬
shrinkage, temperature, creep and ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﺮض اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ إزاﺣﺔ‬
settlement. Joint width shall be ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
determined based on the calculated ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺨﻠﻮص ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬.‫اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬
service displacements of the ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺮد اﻹﺷﺎرة ﻟﺨﻼف‬12 ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺤﺮﻓﺔ‬
structures on both sides of the joint. ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺠﺐ اﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺮض اﻷﻗﺼﻰ‬،‫ذﻟﻚ‬
The minimum clearance between ‫واﻷدﻧﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻟﻠﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﺮﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
deflected structures shall be 12 mm, .‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
unless noted otherwise Expected
maximum and minimum deflected joint
widths shall be indicated on the
structural drawings.
 For reinforced concrete structures, ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
movement joints allowing for at least ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬25 ‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﻤﺠﺎل ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬
25 mm shall be provided at ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺸ ٍ ﻃﻮاﻟﻲ‬50 ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت‬
approximately 50 m centers both .‫وﻣﺴﺘﻌﺮض‬
longitudinally and transversely.
 Movement joints shall be located such ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬ 
that they divide the structure into a .‫إﻟﻰ أﻗﺴﺎم ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
number of individual sections.
 The joints shall pass through the height ‫ﻓ ﻮق‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻤﺮ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﻋﺒﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻬﻴ‬ 
of the structure above ground level in ‫ى واﺣﺪ ﻳﻔﻀﻞ أن‬
ً ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻷرض ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮ‬
one plane preferably straight. Joints ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬.‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤًﺎ‬
must be designed to accommodate all ‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎب ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺤﺮ ت اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
expected movements at the joint. .‫اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬
75
 The structure shall be framed on both .‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺄﻃﻴﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ‬ 
sides of a movement joint.
 Details for accommodating finished ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎب اﻟﻄﻮاﺑﻖ‬ 
floor, internal and external wall, and ‫اﻟﻤﺸﻄﺒﺔ واﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ واﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
other sliding joints per architectural ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻘﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬
requirements shall be provided. .‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ‬
 Movement joints shall be provided ‫ن ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ‬ 
where there is significant change in the .‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺟﻮﻫﺮي ﻓﻲ ﻧﻮع اﻷﺳﺎس‬
type of foundation.
 Movement joints shall be considered ‫وﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﻓﻲ إﻧﺸﺎء ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬ 
where there is significant change in the . ‫ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ن ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻬﻴ‬
height of the structure.
 Joint spacing in exposed parapets ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ ﻓﻲ‬ 
shall be approximately 12 m. .‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬12 ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﻨﺎت اﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻓﺔ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ‬
 The A/E shall coordinate with all ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ‬/‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬ 
disciplines to ensure that all systems ‫ﻣﻊ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎت ﻟﻀﻤﺎ ن إﻋﺪاد ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬
crossing the joints are configured ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮة ﻟﻠﻔﻮاﺻﻞ ﺑﺸ‬
correctly to accommodate the ‫ وﻳﻤﻞ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎب ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬
expected range of movement. This ‫أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ وﻗﻨﻮات وأﺳﻼك اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ؛‬
includes mechanical services pipes, ،‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ؛ اﻟﺘﺸﻄﻴﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ‬
ducts, and wires; electrical services; ‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺰﺟﻴﺞ واﻟﺘﻜﺴﻴﺔ؛ وأي ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ أو أﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬
architectural finish, glazing, and .‫أﺧﺮى ﺗﻌﺒﺮ أو ﺗﻤﺮ ﻗﺮﻳﺒًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬
cladding systems; and any other
elements or systems that cross or are
near a movement joint.
2.7 MASONRY DESIGN ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬2.7

 Engineering and configuration of masonry ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وإﻋﺪادات وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﺎ‬ 
structures shall be as provided in the SBC ‫ ووﻓﻘًﺎ ﻷﻛﻮاد ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﻮاد‬SBC 2018-305 ‫ورد ﻓﻲ‬
2018-305 and in the respective material ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ أي‬.‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ‬
building codes referenced by the MBC. Any ‫ﺗﻀﺎرب ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎت واﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻬﺎت واﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت واﻟﻄﺮق‬
conflicts in definition, notation, terminology, or ‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬/‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ واﻷﻛﻮاد‬
methodology between the MBC and the codes ‫اﻷﺧﺮى اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ واﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ‬
and standards referenced by the MBC shall be .‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬
evaluated and reconciled.
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 This section provides engineering, planning ‫ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ إرﺷﺎدات ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ وﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ 
and design guidelines for masonry structures :‫وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬
including:
o Reinforced Concrete Masonry ‫وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ o

o Non-Reinforced Masonry ‫وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ o
o Load Bearing Masonry ‫وﺣﺪات ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ o
o Non-Load Bearing Masonry ‫وﺣﺪات ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺠﺪران ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ o
o Composite Construction. ‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎءات اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬ o
 Engineering of masonry structures shall be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ اﻟﻼزم ﻋﻠﻰ‬ 
performed with due consideration of the . ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ وﻇﺮوف اﻹﺷﻐﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬
corrosive nature of the local environment. ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن‬،‫وﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻘﺘِﺾ اﻟﻈﺮوف ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎت أﺷﻤﻞ‬
Unless conditions warrant a more aggressive ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻹدارة‬
treatment, details for the protection of exposed ‫ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻹرﺷﺎدﻳﺔ‬،‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
masonry should be in accordance with the .‫و اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬
requirements of the GDMP/ Amanat’s, guideline
specifications, and typical construction details
drawings.
 Specifications and details. ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت واﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬ 
2.7.2 COMPOSITE MASONRY CONSTRUCTION ‫ إﻧﺸﺎءات وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺮّﻛﺒﺔ‬2.7.2

 Composite masonry wall systems are ‫ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺟﺪران وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺮّﻛﺒﺔ ﻋﺪد ﻣﻦ‬ 
comprised of multiple masonry wall units set ‫ﺟﺪران وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺟﻨﺒًﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺟﻨﺐ واﻟﻤﺮﺑﻮﻃﺔ‬
side by side and tied together utilizing metal .‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أرﺑﻄﺔ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬
ties.
 Metal ties transfer shear stress allowing ‫وﺗﻨﻘﻞ اﻷرﺑﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ إﺟﻬﺎد ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ‬ 
interaction between masonry wall units or brick ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﺪران وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء أو ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻄﻮب ووﺣﺪات‬
and masonry units. .‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬
 Composite masonry is usually constructed with ‫ُﺗﻨﺸﺄ وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎدة ﺑﻠﺐ ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﻗﺪ‬ 
reinforced cores which may be partially or fully ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺰودًا ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻼط ﺑﺎﻟ ﻣﻞ أو ﺟﺰﺋﻴًﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
grouted depending on the required wall .‫واﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺪار‬
geometry and loading.
 Refer to the National Concrete Masonry ‫ﻳﺮﺟﻰ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎت اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺗﺤﺎد اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ‬ 
(NCMA) TEK Notes and SBC 2018-305 for SBC 2018-305‫( و‬NCMA) ‫ﻟﻮﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
general design guidance. .‫ﻟﻼﻃﻼع ﻋﻠﻰ إرﺷﺎدات ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
77
2.7.3 AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE (AAC) (AAC) ‫ وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﻔﻴﻔﺔ‬2.7.3
MASONRY
 AAC masonry units are ultra-light concrete ‫وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺑﻠﻮ ت ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ 
blocks with a unique cellular structure which ‫ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﺟﺪًا ذات ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﺧﻠﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﺘﻤﻴﺰة ﺗﻌﺰز ﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
provide increased energy efficiency, fire .‫وﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ وﺗﺤﺴﻦ اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ‬
resistance and acoustical properties.
 Structural Properties ‫اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ 
 AAC masonry units may be used in low-rise ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ 
load-bearing buildings as shear walls, partition ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ذات اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻛﺠﺪران ﻗﺺ‬
walls, and infill walls. See TABLE 2.2 for AAC ‫( ﻟﻼﻃﻼع ﻋﻠﻰ‬2-2) ‫ اﻧﻈﺮ اﻟﺠﺪول‬.‫وﻗﻮاﻃﻊ وﺟﺪران ﺗﻌﺒﺌﺔ‬
Physical Properties. .‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﻔﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫ وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﻔﻴﻔﺔ‬- 2.2 ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬

TABLE 2.2 - AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS
ASTM C1693 - ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺎدﻳﺔ‬

ASTM C1693 — PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS
‫ﻓﺌﺔ اﻟﻘﻮة‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻀﺎﻏﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺪود اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻧﻜﻤﺎش‬
3
Strength Class (‫)ﻣﻴﺠﺎﺑﺎﺳ ل‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ اﻻﺳﻤﻴﺔ‬ ( ‫م‬/‫)ﻛﺠﻢ‬ % ‫اﻟﺠﻔﺎف‬
3
Compressive ( ‫م‬/‫)ﻛﺠﻢ‬ Density Limits Average Drying
Strength (MPa) Nominal Dry Bulk (kg/m3 ) Shrinkage %
Density
(kg/m3 )
AAC-2 2.0 400 350-450 50
500 450-550 50
AAC-4 4.0 500 450-550 50
600 550-650 50
700 650-750 50
800 750-850 50
AAC-6 6.0 600 550-650 50
700 650-750 50
800 750-850 50
78
 Mortar ‫اﻟﻤﻼط‬ 
o The first course of AAC units may be ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻤﺪﻣﺎك اﻷول ﻣﻦ وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ o
placed on a thin mortar set consistent ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ رﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
with ASTM C270. .ASTM C270 ‫اﻟﻤﻼط ﻣﻌﺪة وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬
o The remaining courses are set on thin ‫أﻣﺎ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺪاﻣﻴﻚ ﻓﺘﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ رﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ o
bed mortar fabricated from Portland ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻼط اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻮع ﻣﺎدة ﻻﺻﻘﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
cement-based adhesives consistent ASTM ‫إﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﺑﻮرﺗﻼﻧﺪ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬
with ASTM C1660. .C1660
o Moisture ‫اﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ‬ o
 AAC Unit moisture content is in the range of ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺤﺘﻮى رﻃﻮﺑﺔ وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﻔﻴﻔﺔ‬ 
25% to 30% at fabrication and reduces to 4% ‫ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ وﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ إﻟﻰ‬%30 ‫ إﻟﻰ‬%25 ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪود‬
to 6% within four years. The linear shrinkage is ‫ أﻣﺎ اﻻﻧﻜﻤﺎش اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻲ‬.‫ ﺧﻼل أرﺑﻊ ﺳﻨﻮات‬%6 ‫ إﻟﻰ‬%4
0.02%. %0.02 ‫ﻓﻴﺴﺎوي‬
 It is recommended that a breathable coating be ‫وﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﺴﻦ وﺿﻊ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺣﺪات‬ 
applied to the AAC Units to facilitate moisture .‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ‬
dissipation.
2.7.4 APPROVAL FOR SPECIAL DESIGN/ ‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎءات اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬/‫ اﻟﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎت‬2.7.4
CONSTRUCTION
 Comply with the SBC 2018-305 Section 1.3. .(3-1) ‫ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬SBC 2018-305 ‫اﻻﻟﺘﺰام ﺑﺎﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬ 
 Design Load ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻲ‬ 
o Design loads shall be determined and ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ وﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻬﺎ وﻓﻘًﺎ‬ o
established in accordance with .(3-2) ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬
Subsection 2.3.
 Basic Design References ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 

o SBC 2018-305 and/or The Building SBC 2018-305 ‫ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬ o
Code Requirements for Masonry ‫وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫أو ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬/‫و‬
Structures (ACI 530/ASCE 5/TMS 402), ‫ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬،(ACI 530/ASCE 5/TMS 402)
Specification for Masonry Structures ACI 530.1/ASCE ) ‫وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬
(ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602) shall be ‫( اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬6/TMS 602
the basic references for design of .‫وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬
masonry structures.
2.7.5 DESIGN BASIS ‫ أﺳﺎس اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬2.7.5

 General ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ 
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o Masonry walls used as a part of the ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﺟﺪران وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ o
structural system shall be reinforced. .‫ﻛﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ‬
o Un-reinforced masonry walls shall be ‫وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﺪران وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻏﻴﺮ‬ o
used for non-structural applications, ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ‬
but such walls shall be designed to .‫ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬
sustain lateral loads.
o Structures of masonry construction

shall be designed such that the ‫وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ o
masonry is not in contact with the soil. .‫ﺗﺘﻼﻣﺲ وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬
 Control Joints ‫وﺻﻼت اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ 

o Cracking of walls constructed of ‫ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﺗﺸﻘﻖ ﺟﺪران وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻋﻦ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ‬ o
concrete masonry units is caused by ‫إﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﺸّﺪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺠﺪار ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز‬
the development of tensile stresses ‫اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﻮة‬
within the wall assembly which exceed ‫ وﺑﺼﻮرٍة ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﺤﺪث اﻟﺘﺸﻘﻘﺎت‬.‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
the tensile strength of the materials ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺣﺎﻻت إﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﺸّﺪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻊ‬
comprising the assembly. Generally, it ‫ﺣﺮ ت اﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺣﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
is due to tensile stresses which ‫واﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ أﺧﺮى أو ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
develop when wall movements ‫وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﺪًا ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺸ‬
accompanying temperature and ‫ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻓﻘﺪان اﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة‬
moisture change as restrained by other ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻت اﻧﻜﻤﺎش وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء وﺣﺎﻻت‬
elements, or when concrete masonry ‫اﻟﺠﻔﺎف ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء واﻟﺘﻲ ُﻳﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬
places restraint on the movements of ‫ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻄﺮق‬."‫ﺑﺎﺳﻢ "اﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬
adjoining elements. Moisture loss ‫وﺣﺪات‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺸﻘﻖ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
depends on the shrinkage potential of :‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
the masonry units and the drying
conditions at the building site,
expressed in terms of relative humidity.
Major methods employed to control
cracking in masonry structures are:
 Materials specifications to limit the ‫ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻮاد ﻟﻠﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻت اﻟﺠﻔﺎف‬ 

drying-shrinkage potential, .‫واﻻﻧﻜﻤﺎش‬
 Reinforcement to increase crack .‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻘﻖ‬ 

resistance, and
 Control joints to accommodate .‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎب اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ 

movement.
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o Any crack control measure taken shall ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ o
be compatible with the structural ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺸﻘﻘﺎت ﻣﺘﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
design for lateral forces. Control joints ‫ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬.‫اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ ﻟﻠﻘﻮى اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬
provide a complete separation of the ‫ ﻓﺈن ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬،‫ وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ‬.‫ﻓﺼًﻼ ﺗﺎﻣًﺎ ﻟﻮﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬
masonry. Hence, location of control ‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺤﺪد ﻃﻮل أﻟﻮاح اﻟﺠﺪار‬
joints fixes the length of wall panels ‫وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻗﺴﺎوة اﻟﺠﺪران وﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬
and, in turn, the rigidity of the walls, the ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺴﻤﺎح‬،‫ وﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬.‫وﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻹﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ‬
distribution of lateral forces and the ‫ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ أو إزاﻟﺔ أو ﻧﻘﻞ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﻤﺠﺮد‬
resulting stresses. Therefore, adding, .‫اﻛﺘﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ‬
eliminating or relocating control joints
shall not be permitted once the
structural design is completed.
o Control joints shall never be assumed ‫وﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺪم اﻓﺘﺮاض أن ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن‬ o
to transfer bending moments or ‫أو اﻟﺸﺪ اﻟُﻘﻄﺮي ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﺰم اﻻْﻧِﺤﻨﺎء‬
diagonal tension across the joint. Joint ‫وﻳﺠﺐ إﻧﻬﺎء ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬ .‫اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬
reinforcement and bars in non- ‫واﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
structural bond beams shall be ‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ؛ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن‬
terminated at control joints; deformed ‫ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﺮﺑﻂ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
bars in structural bond beams shall be ‫ وﻋﻨﺪ‬.‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮًة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮل ﺣﺎﺟﺰ اﻟﺘﻘﻮﻳﺔ‬
made continuous for length of the ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام وﺣﺪات ﺑﻨﺎء ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻀﺒﻮﻃﺔ‬
diaphragm. Using quality-controlled ‫اﻟﺠﻮدة واﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﻘﻮى‬
concrete-masonry-units and the ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺘﺸﻘﻖ ﻻ ﻳﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﺸ ًﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
prescribed minimum reinforcement for ‫اﻟﻌﺎدة ﻣﻊ ﺣﺪ أﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬
lateral forces, cracking is not normally ‫ أﺿﻌﺎف اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع‬4 ‫ﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪود‬
a problem when maximum horizontal ،‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬30 ‫ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﺟﺰ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺔ إﻟﻰ آﺧﺮ أو‬
spacing of control joints is limited to 4 .‫أﻳﻬﻤﺎ أﻗﻞ‬
times the diaphragm-to-diaphragm
height or 30 m on center, whichever is
less.
 Connection to other Elements ‫اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ أﺧﺮى‬ 

o Connections between vertical resisting ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ o
elements (shear wall-panels) and ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ )أﻟﻮاح ﺟﺪران اﻟﻘﺺ( واﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬
horizontal resisting elements (floor and (‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ )اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ وﺣﻮاﺟﺰ اﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬
roof diaphragms) shall be designed to .‫ﻟﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﺠﺪران ﺟﺰًء ﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺰأ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ‬
make the walls integral parts of the ‫وﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻃﺮق إﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
structural system. Positive means shall ‫ﻣﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺰ اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ إﻟﻰ أﻟﻮاح ﺟﺪران‬
be provided for transferring shear from .‫اﻟﻘﺺ‬
the plane of the diaphragm into the
shear wall-panels.
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o In designing connections or ties, it is ‫وﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ o
necessary to carry out the forces and ‫اﻟﻘﻮى وﻣﺴﺎرات اﻹﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ وﺟﻌﻞ‬
their stress paths, and to make ‫ﻣﺴﺎر ﻣﺘﺴﻘًﺎ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮل‬
connections along each path ‫اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﺎت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﺮف وﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻘﻮى‬
consistent with the basic assumptions ‫ ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ‬.‫وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﻘﺴﺎوة اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬
of behaviour and distribution of forces ‫وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻚ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
according to relative rigidities. .‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ وﺗﺼﻨﻴﻌﻬﺎ وﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺸ ٍ ﺟﻴﺪ‬
Connections contribute to integrity of ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ووﺿﻊ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ‬
the structure, and therefore they shall ‫ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻮى اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﻟﺔ‬
be properly designed, fabricated and ،‫ﺿﻐﻂ‬/‫ ﺷﺪ‬،‫دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ )ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬
installed. Design and detailing of .(‫إﻟﺦ‬
connections shall be based on the
actual nature of forces transmitted
through the connection
(static/dynamic, tensile/compressive,
etc..).
o Connections Design ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ‬ o

 Forces to be considered in the design ‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺠﺐ دراﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 
of joints and connections are gravity ‫اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ واﻟﺮواﺑﻂ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ؛ أﺣﻤﺎل‬
loads; temporary erection loads; ‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ؛ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
horizontal loads normal to wall; ‫اﻟﺠﺪران؛ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻮازﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺪران؛ اﻟﺰﺣﻒ‬
horizontal forces parallel to wall; and ‫واﻻﻧﻜﻤﺎش واﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ وﻳﺠﺐ دراﺳﺔ ﻫﺬ‬
creep, shrinkage, and thermal forces — .‫اﻟﻘﻮى ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠًﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬
separately or combined, as applicable.
 Bond beams acting as flange (chord) ‫وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻛﻔﻠﻨﺠﺎت‬ 
for horizontal diaphragms shall be ‫)أوﺗﺎر( ﻟﻠﺤﻮاﺟﺰ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮن‬
reinforced at dummy control joints to ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﺎط ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ وﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬
resist chord stresses induced by ‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ إﺟﻬﺎد اﻷوﺗﺎر اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎرﺿﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺰ‬
diaphragm-beam action. .‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ‬
 Maximum spacing of anchor dowels or ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﺗﺘﺠﺎوز اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﻘﺼﻮى ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ‬ 

bolts used in connections shall not ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ‬1.2 ‫واﻟﺨﻮاﺑﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﺑﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
exceed 1.2 m, and connections shall be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬
designed based on rational analysis in ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﻲ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎدئ اﻟﻤﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎرف‬
accordance with well-established ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺧﻮاﺑﻴﺮ أو ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ‬.‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
principles of mechanics. Anchor ‫اﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ‬
dowels or bolts shall not be used in .‫ﺗﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺸﺪ‬
structural applications where they are
subjected to tensile forces.
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 Strength of connections, as a general ‫ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﻮى اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ‬،‫ ﻛﻘﺎﻋﺪة ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬،‫وﻳﺠﺐ‬ 

rule, shall be sufficient to develop ‫ﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺔ ﻹﻧﺘﺎج ﻗﻮة‬
useful strength of connected structural ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺻﻼت‬.‫اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬
elements. Joints and connections for ‫ورواﺑﻂ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻘﻮى ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻻ‬
elements resisting lateral forces shall ‫ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺿﻌﻔﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮب ﻋﻨﺪ‬
be designed for at least 2 times the ‫ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء‬،‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة‬
calculated shear when using the ‫أن اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ ﻻ ﺗﻘﺘﻀﻲ إﻋﺪاد ﻗﻮى أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
prescribed lateral loads, except that .‫اﻟﻘﺪرة اﻟﻘﻮى ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ‬
the connection need not be required to
develop forces greater than the
ultimate capacity of the connected
elements
 Cautionary Notes for Designers and Detailers ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﺗﻨﺒﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺼﻤﻤﻴﻦ وﻣﻌﺪي اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬ 
Avoid connection and joint details which could result in ‫ﺗﺠﻨﺐ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ واﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺆدي إﻟﻰ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬
stress concentrations that might cause spalling or .‫اﻹﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﺬي ﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺸﻈﻲ أو اﻧﻔﻼق اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﻼﻣﺴﺔ‬
splitting at contact surfaces. Liberal chamfers, ‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰات اﻹﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﺤﻮاف‬
adequate reinforcement, and cushioning materials are ‫ ﺗﺠﻨﺐ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺸﻄﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﺮة واﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟ ﻓﻲ وﻣﻮاد اﻟﺘﺒﻄﻴﻦ‬
a few means by which adverse effects of stress ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰة ﻋﻠﻰ وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬
concentrations may be reduced. Avoid direct bearing ‫ ﺗﺠﻨﺐ ﻟﺤﺎم أي ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺪﻣﺠﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻠﻒ‬.‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
of heavy concentrated loads on concrete masonry ‫ﻓﻲ وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺘﺸﻈﻲ وﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻪ اﻟﺨﺼﻮص‬
units. Avoid welding to any embedded metal items .‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﺗﻤﺪد اﻟﻤﻌﺪن اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ‬
which might cause damage to the adjacent masonry by ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ واﻟﺨﻮاﺑﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺪﻣﺠﺔ ﻓﻲ وﺟﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬
spalling, in particular where the expansion of the ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻼط ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎر‬25 ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻼط ﺑﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬
heated metal is restrained by masonry. All bolts and ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫ ﻳﺠﺐ إﻋﺪاد اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬.‫أو اﻟﺨﺎﺑﻮر وﺑﻴﻦ وﺣﺪة اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬
dowels which are embedded in masonry shall be ‫ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ‬،‫رؤوس اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ واﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬
grouted solidly in place with not less than 25 mm of .‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬
grout between bolt or dowel and the masonry. At tops
of piers and columns, vertical bolts shall be set inside
the horizontal ties.
 Reinforcements around Openings ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎت‬ 

o Since the area around wall openings is ‫ﺣﻴﺚ أن اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎت ﺗﻜﻮن‬ o
vulnerable to failure, at least two (2) 12 ‫ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﻬﻴﺎر ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻗﻀﺒﺎن ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻻ‬
mm diameter reinforcing bars shall be ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﺣﻮل‬12 ‫ وﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﺳﻤﻜﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ‬2 ‫ﺗﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬
provided around the perimeter of .‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ‬
openings.
o The lintel bars above the opening may ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻗﻀﺒﺎن اﻟﻌﺘﺒﺎت اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﻮق‬ o
serve as the top horizontal reinforcing .‫اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ ﻛﻘﻀﺒﺎن ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ أﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬
bars.
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2.8 STEEL DESIGN ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬2.8

 Engineering of steel structures shall be as ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﺎ ورد‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
provided in the SBC 2018-306 and in the ‫ ووﻓﻘًﺎ ﻷﻛﻮاد ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﺸﺎر‬SBC 2018-306 ‫ﻓﻲ‬
respective material building codes referenced ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ أي ﺗﻀﺎرب‬.‫إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ‬
by the model building code. Any conflicts in ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎت واﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻬﺎت واﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت واﻟﻄﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ‬
definition, notation, terminology, or ‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻷﺧﺮى‬/‫ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ واﻷﻛﻮاد‬
methodology between the MBC and the codes .‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ واﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬
and standards referenced in the MBC shall be
evaluated and reconciled with the model
building code.
 Either the Allowable Stress Design (ASD) or the ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام إﻣﺎ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻪ‬ 
Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) ‫( أو ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ واﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ASD)
method may be used for design of steel ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺘﻢ اﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ‬ ‫( ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬LRFD)
structures, unless noted otherwise. The entire ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻞ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ﺧﻼف ذﻟﻚ‬
structural system shall be designed based on .‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﺮى اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻫﺎ‬
the selected method.
 Engineering of steel structures shall be ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ اﻟﻼزم‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
performed with due consideration of the ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ وﻇﺮوف اﻹﺷﻐﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺒﺒﺔ‬
corrosive nature of the local environment. ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن‬،‫ وﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻘﺘِﺾ اﻟﻈﺮوف ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎت أﺷﻤﻞ‬. ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬
Unless conditions warrant a more aggressive ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت أو ﺣﺴﺎب‬
treatment, details for the protection of steel . ‫( ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺂ‬7) ‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬
shall be in accordance with the specifications, ‫وﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ أي اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
or as noted in Subsection 7, Corrosion / ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
Protection. Any deviations from the specified .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬
corrosion protection methods shall require
GDMP/ Amanat’s approval.
 Guidance related to engineering, planning, and ‫ﺗﻘﺪم اﻷﻗﺴﺎم اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻹرﺷﺎدات اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ 
design of structural steel frames and elements, ‫وﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ وﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ وإﻃﺎرات اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻤﺎ‬
including structural steel, steel joists, steel ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ واﻟﻌﻮارض اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ واﻷﺳﻄﺢ‬
decks, composite construction, cold formed ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ واﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ واﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﺸ‬
steel, and pre-engineered buildings is provided .‫اﻟﺒﺎرد واﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة‬
in the next sections.
2.8.2 STRUCTURAL STEEL ‫ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬2.8.2

 Engineering and configuration of steel ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ وﻓﻘًﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وإﻋﺪادات اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
structures shall be as provided in the SBC ‫ وﺣﺴﺐ أﻛﻮاد ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﻮاد‬SBC 2018-306 ‫ﻟﻤﺎ ورد ﻓﻲ‬
2018-306 and in the respective material ‫ ُﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬.‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ‬
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building codes referenced by the MBC. Shape .‫اﻟﻤﺘﺮي ﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ اﻷﺷ ل‬

designations shall be based on the metric
system.
 All structural steel exposed to the weather shall ‫ﺗﺠﺐ ﺟﻠﻔﻨﺔ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﻌﻮاﻣﻞ‬ 
be galvanized or coated per the corrosion ‫( ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬6-2-5) ‫اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ أو ﻃﻼؤه وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬
protection subsection of this manual (5.2.6). ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ أرﺑﻄﺔ وﺻﻮاﻣﻴﻞ‬.‫ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
Exposed anchor rods/bolts shall be provided ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ )أي اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬2 ‫ﻳﺒﻠﻎ‬ ُ‫ﻣﻜﺸﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺠﺎل ﺗﺂ‬
with an allowance for corrosion of 2 mm (i.e., ‫ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﺴﻤﺎر أو ﺻﺎﻣﻮﻟﺔ‬d ‫ ﺣﻴﺚ‬d+4 ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬
required d + 4 mm, where "d" is diameter of the ‫( ﻟﻼﻃﻼع ﻋﻠﻰ‬7) ‫ ﻳﺮﺟﻰ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬.(‫اﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬
anchor rod/bolt). Refer to Section 7 for . ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﺨﺼﻮص اﻟﺘﺂ‬
additional requirements on corrosion.
 Steel structures shall be designed such that the ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻼﻣﺲ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
steel is not in contact with soil. .‫ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬
 Hot-rolled structural steel shape elements ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ أﺷ ل اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻤﺪﻟﻔﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ 
(such as webs, flanges, legs) shall have a ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ )ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺸﺒ ت واﻟﻔﻠﻨﺠﺎت واﻟﻘﻮاﺋﻢ( ﻓﻴﺠﺐ أﻻ‬
minimum thickness of 4 mm for use in bolted ‫ ﻣﻠﻤﺘﺮات ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺻﻼت‬4 ‫ﻳﻘﻞ ﺳﻤﻜﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ‬
connections. .‫اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ‬
2.8.3 STEEL JOISTS ‫ اﻟﻌﻮارض اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬2.8.3

 Engineering and configuration of steel joists ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وإﻋﺪادات اﻟﻌﻮارض اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ وﻓﻘًﺎ‬ 
shall be as provided in the SBC 2018-306 and ‫ وﺣﺴﺐ أﻛﻮاد ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﻮاد‬SBC 2018-306 ‫ﻟﻤﺎ ورد ﻓﻲ‬
in the respective material building codes .‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ‬
referenced by the MBC.
 Joists used in floor systems shall be sized to ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻌﻮارض اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ 
minimize perceptible vibration. .‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ ﺑﺤﺠﻢ ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻫﺘﺰاز‬
o K-Series joists are lower capacity joists (K) ‫وﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﻟﻌﻮارض اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ o
ideally suited for roof systems. .‫ﺧﺎص‬ ‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻷﺳﻘﻒ ﺑﺸ‬
o LH and DLH are joists with higher (LH) ‫أﻣﺎ اﻟﻌﻮارض اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﻮاع‬ o
capacity suitable for longer spans or ‫( ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﻮاع ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻔﺎءة‬DLH)‫و‬
for shorter spans and heavier loads. ‫ا ﻷ ﻗ ﺼﺮ‬ ‫واﻷﻣﺘﺪادات‬ ‫اﻷﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻣﺘﺪادات‬
.‫واﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻷﺛﻘﻞ‬
 Joist Girders are designed to carry reaction ‫ُﺗﺼﻤﻢ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬ 
loads from joists or other members. Open web .‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ أو ﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬
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system of construction is considered cost ‫وﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﺣًﻼ ﻓﻌﺎًﻻ ﻣﻦ‬
effective solution. .‫ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﺘ ﻔﺔ‬
 Refer to Standard Specifications from the Steel ‫ﻳﺮﺟﻰ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﻌﻮارض‬ 
Joist Institute for design guidance such as: :‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻟﻼﻃﻼع ﻋﻠﻰ إرﺷﺎدات اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
o Standard Specifications for Open Web ‫اﻟﻌﻮارض‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬ o

Steel Joists, K-Series. .‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬
o Standard Specifications for Open Web ‫اﻟﻌﻮارض‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬ o
Steel Joists, LH-Series. .‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬
o Standard Specifications for Joist ‫اﻟﻌﻮارض‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬ o
Girders. .‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬
2.8.4 COLD FORMED STEEL ‫ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﺸ ّ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺎرد‬2.8.4

 Cold formed steel shall be engineered in ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺎرد وﻓﻘًﺎ‬ ّ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﺸ‬ 
accordance with AISI S-100 and D-100. It shall ‫ ﺗﺠﺪر اﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ أن‬.D-100‫ و‬AISI S-100 ‫ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬
not be engineered in accordance with AISC. ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﺸ ّ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺎرد ﻻ ﻳﺼﻤﻢ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬
.AISC
 Cold formed steel sections are economical for ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺎرد اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ‬ ّ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﺸ‬ 
the purpose of constructing lightly loaded ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ أن‬.‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺔ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻷﻏﺮاض إﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
structures. The cold form steel wall and roof ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺎرد ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺪران وأﻧﻈﻤﺔ أﺳﻘﻒ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﺸ‬
systems are non-combustible and require ‫ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬.‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﺷﺘﻌﺎل وﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻌﺪات أﺧﻒ ﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎ‬
lighter equipment to install. Cold formed steel :‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﺸ ّ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺎرد ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
systems include the following:
o Light-loadbearing Wall Framing: ‫ وﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬:‫ﺗﺄﻃﻴﺮ اﻟﺠﺪران ذات اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺨﻔﻴﻔﺔ‬ o

System is capable of carrying ‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻗﺎدرًا ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ أﺣﻤﺎل‬
horizontal and vertical load systems .‫أﻓﻘﻴﺔ ورأﺳﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻜﺘﻴﻔﻪ ﺑﺸ ٍ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬
when properly braced.
o Exterior Non-Loadbearing Wall :‫ﺗﺄﻃﻴﺮ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬ o

Framing: Able to carry wind and seismic ‫اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻗﻮى اﻟﺮﻳﺎح واﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ‬
horizontal forces when utilized as ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻛﻨﻈﺎم ﺗﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬
exterior cladding system with brick, ‫ﻣﻊ اﻟﻄﻮب ووﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء أو ﻣﻮاد إﺳﻤﻨﺘﻴﺔ‬
masonry or other cementations .‫أﺧﺮى‬
material.
 Cold formed steel members may be used to ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺎرد‬ ّ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﺸ‬ 
construct steel roof trusses for various spans. .‫ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﺟﻤﻠﻮﻧﺎت اﻷﺳﻘﻒ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻷﻏﺮاض ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة‬
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 Cold formed steel stud members shall meet the ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﺪارﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬ 
requirements of the "Steel Stud Manufacturers ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺎرد ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﺗﺤﺎد ﻣﺼّﻨﻌﻲ اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت‬ ّ ‫اﻟﻤﺸ‬
Association (SSMA)." .(SSMA) ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬
2.8.5 PRE-ENGINEERED / PRE-FABRICATED ‫ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬2.8.5

METAL BUILDING
 Engineering and configuration of pre- ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وإﻋﺪادات اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬ 
engineered metal buildings shall be as provided ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت أﻗﺴﺎم اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬
in the Structural Steel sections of the SBC ‫ ﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﺪﻟﻔﻦ‬SBC 2018-306 ‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ‬
2018-306 for hot-rolled steel members and ّ ‫ ﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﺸ‬AISI S-100‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ و‬
AISI S-100 for Cold Formed Steel members, ‫رﻣﻮز وﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﻮاد‬/‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺎرد وﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ أﻛﻮاد‬
and in the respective material building codes .‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ‬
and standards referenced by the MBC.
 Additional design information and ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎدة ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت وﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 

recommendations available from the Metal ‫اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻦ اﺗﺤﺎد ﻣﺼﻨﻌﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬
Building Manufacturers Association (MBMA) .(MBMA)
may be used.
 Engineering of the PEMB system - steel frame ‫ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟﺼﺎﻧﻌﺔ ﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬ 
structure, girts, purlins, metal deck (roof and ‫ ﻫﻴ‬- ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬
side); all appurtenances, appendages, and ‫ اﻷﺳﻄﺢ‬،‫ اﻟﺮواﻓﺪ‬،‫ اﻷﺣﺰﻣﺔ اﻟﺠﺪارﻳﺔ‬،‫اﻹﻃﺎر اﻟﻔﻮﻻذي‬
accessories attached to the steel frame; the ‫ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ‬،(‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ )اﻟﺴﻘﻒ واﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ‬
connections of all system components; and the ،‫ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻼت ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬:‫ﺑﺎﻹﻃﺎر اﻟﻔﻮﻻذي‬
provision for connections to attach all A/E ‫واﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎت ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬
coordinated building system components (MEP ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ )ﺧﺪﻣﺎت‬/‫اﻟﻤﻨﺴﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
Services) - is the responsibility of the .(MEP
manufacturer of the PEMB system.
 The loading effect of the functioning of all ‫ﺗﺠﺐ دراﺳﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ أﺣﻤﺎل ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ وأﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ 
building components and systems attached to ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬
the PEMB shall be considered for all operating ،‫ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ )اﻷﺑﻮاب ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ وﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ‬
conditions (doors opened or closed, monorail ‫ ﻋﺰم ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ‬،‫اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت أﺣﺎدﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﻀﻴﺐ ﻓﻲ أوﺿﺎع ﺣﺮﺟﺔ‬
at critical locations, motor start-up torque, etc.). .(‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﺮ ت وﺧﻼف ذﻟﻚ‬
 The A/E shall coordinate with all relevant ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻣﻊ‬/‫وﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬ 
internal disciplines and the PEMB Manufacturer ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎت اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ واﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ‬
to ensure that the PEMB is engineered and ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻟﻀﻤﺎن ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
configured to function with all interfacing ‫وإﻋﺪاد ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻊ إﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬
building systems. The PEMB Manufacturer and ‫ وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ‬
his engineer of record, shall indicate on the ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ وﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺠﻞ اﻹﺷﺎرة ﻓﻲ‬
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‫‪drawings the locations and magnitudes of all‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ وﺣﺠﻢ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
‫‪concentrated‬‬ ‫‪loads‬‬ ‫‪agreed‬‬ ‫‪upon‬‬ ‫‪in‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰة اﻟﻤﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻣﻊ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري‬
‫‪coordination with the A/E and as provided in‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‪/‬اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ وﺣﺴﺐ اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت وﺛﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪construction documents.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪The PEMB Manufacturer shall provide to the‬‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟُﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪GDMP/ Amanat and A/E all PEMB reactions as‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺗﺰوﻳﺪ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ‪ /‬اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬
‫‪service loads such that all load combinations‬‬ ‫واﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‪/‬اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺠﻤﻴﻊ ردود أﻓﻌﺎل ﺗﻠﻚ‬
‫‪required by the building codes may be‬‬ ‫أﺣﻤﺎل ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎب‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺷ‬
‫‪calculated. Factored loads may additionally be‬‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻷﻛﻮاد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‪ .‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫‪provided, if available.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺤّﻤﻠﺔ أﻳﻀ‪ً،‬ﺎ إن وﺟﺪت‪.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪The PEMB Manufacturer shall provide to the‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟُﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪GDMP/ Amanat and A/E the required layout of‬‬ ‫ﺗﺰوﻳﺪ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ‪ /‬اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬
‫‪the anchor rods for the PEMB, including the‬‬ ‫واﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‪/‬اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻼزم ﻷرﺑﻄﺔ‬
‫‪required type, sizes, projections, and other‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻷﻧﻮاع واﻷﺣﺠﺎم واﻟﻨﺘﻮءات‬
‫‪anchorage details for the PEMB member base‬‬ ‫وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﺤﻘﺎت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬
‫‪attachments.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪The PEMB Manufacturer shall provide erection‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ رﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻹﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪and shop drawings to GDMP/ Amanat and A/E‬‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ إﻟﻰ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ‪ /‬اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬
‫‪for approval before commencing any physical‬‬ ‫واﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‪/‬اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺒﺪء ﻓﻲ أي‬
‫‪work.‬‬ ‫أﻋﻤﺎل ﻓﻌﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Engineering of substructure elements of a‬‬ ‫وﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﺪى اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪PEMB system is the responsibility of the A/E's‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‪/‬اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
‫‪structural engineer. Provision shall be made to‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪resist all reactions from the PEMB structural‬‬ ‫وﻳﺠﺐ اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎط ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ردود أﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬
‫‪system and to transfer these reactions to the‬‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ وﻟﻨﻘﻞ ردود‬
‫‪ground. Where tension ties are used in the slab-‬‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﻫﺬه إﻟﻰ اﻷرض‪ .‬وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أرﺑﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‬
‫‪on-ground or structural slab, A/E shall consider‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ أو اﻷﻟﻮاح اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪the presence of trenches or building MEPS‬‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‪/‬اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ دراﺳﺔ وﺟﻮد ﺧﻨﺎدق أو‬
‫‪services in the design. Engineering and‬‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻓﻲ‬
‫‪configuration of the anchor rods below the‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺗﻘﻊ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وإﻋﺪاد أرﺑﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬
‫‪base plate of the PEMB members shall be the‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ اﻷﻟﻮاح اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة‬
‫‪responsibility of the A/E. Engineering and‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‪ /‬اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﻊ‬
‫‪configuration of the attachment of the base‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وإﻋﺪاد ﻣﻠﺤﻘﺎت اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ‬
‫‪member of the side deck to the supporting‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس‬
‫‪base shall be the responsibility of the A/E and‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‪/‬اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺘﺴﻘًﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬
‫‪shall be consistent with the PEMB system‬‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‪.‬‬
‫‪details.‬‬
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 Features of a PEMB System: :‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬ 

o The PEMB superstructure steel is ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﻮﻻذ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
approximately 30% lighter than ‫ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧًﺔ‬%30 ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ أﺧﻒ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
conventional construction due to the ‫ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺸﺎءات اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻠﻌﻮب‬
tapered fabrication of structural steel, ‫ﻟﻠﻔﻮﻻذ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ واﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺎرد‬
cold form steel for purlins and girts, and ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ واﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ‬
the use of light gage members in roof ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ إﻧﺸﺎء اﻷﺳﻘﻒ‬
and wall construction. .‫واﻟﺠﺪران‬
o Delivery and installation time is ‫ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن وﻗﺖ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ واﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻳﻘﻞ‬ o
reduced significantly for PEMB ‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮًا ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة‬
construction versus conventional .‫ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﻹﻧﺸﺎءات اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬
construction.
o PEMB structures are approximately ‫أﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﺘ ﻔﺔ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬ o
20% less expensive to construct than %20 ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ أﻗﻞ ﺗ ﻔًﺔ ﺑﺤﻮاﻟﻲ‬
conventional construction for the ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧًﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺸﺎءات اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ وﻳﻌﺰى ذﻟﻚ‬
following reasons: :‫ﻟﻸﺳﺒﺎب اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
 Installers are preapproved to construct ‫وﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ إﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﺮاﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬ 
PEMB facilities, and they are usually ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎدة ذوي‬
well experienced in this type of .‫ﺧﺒﺮة ﺟﻴﺪة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻹﻧﺸﺎءات‬
construction.
 Installation details are typical and .‫ﻛﻤﺎ أن ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﺘﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ وﻣﻮﺣﺪة‬ 
standardized.
o Products used in the construction of ‫وﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ إﻧﺸﺎء‬ o

PEMB such as doors, windows, roofing ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
and siding are the least expensive ‫اﻷﺑﻮاب واﻟﻨﻮاﻓﺬ واﻷﺳﻘﻒ واﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ ﻫﻲ‬
products available for the proposed ‫اﻷﻗﻞ ﺗ ﻔًﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮة ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
facility use. .‫اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح‬
o PEMB Manufacturer is generally ‫ﺗﻬﺘﻢ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟُﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬ o

concerned with the design of the ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎدة ﺑﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
superstructure, as design of the ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻳﻘﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻗﻲ ﺣﻴﺚ أن ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
substructure is the responsibility of the ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬
A/E. However, success of any PEMB ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ وﻋﻠﻰ ٍ ﻓﺈن ﻧﺠﺎح أي‬/‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
project requires close coordination ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺟﺎﻫﺰ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ‬
between the two parties during both ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴﻦ أﺛﻨﺎء ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺘﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
design and construction stages. .‫واﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬
89
o PEMB facilities may be a good fit for ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة‬ o
simple structures such as warehouses, ‫اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺧﻴﺎرًا ﺟﻴﺪًا ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬
industrial centers, and trucking ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮدﻋﺎت واﻟﻤﺮاﻛﺰ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ وﻣﺤﻄﺎت‬
stations. .‫اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻨﺎت‬
o PEMB structures may not be applicable ‫وﻻ ﺗﺼﻠﺢ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬ o
to more complex facilities where ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﻘﺪة ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺤﺪد اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬
architectural features drive the facility ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻗﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻓﻖ ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
superstructure layout such as schools, ‫اﻟﻤﺪارس أو دور اﻟﻘﻀﺎء أو اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺒﻴﺔ أو‬
courthouses, office buildings, or .‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻔﻴﺎت‬
hospitals.
o The use of other, more architecturally ‫وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻧﻈﻤﺔ واﺟﻬﺎت أﺧﺮى وﻣﺮاﻓﻖ‬ o
appealing facade systems and other ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ أﺟﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮاﻓﻖ‬
building amenities may be utilized in ٍ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ وﻋﻠﻰ‬
PEMB facilities, however cost savings ‫ﻓﺈن ﻣﺮاﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬
usually associated with PEMB facilities ‫ﺗﺮﻛﺰ داﺋﻤًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻟﺘ ﻟﻴﻒ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺼﻌﺐ‬
may not always be realized. .‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬
2.9 WOOD DESIGN ‫ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺨﺸﺒﻲ‬2.9

 Engineering of wood structures shall be in ‫اﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
accordance with the Wood Chapter of the IBC .IBC 2009 ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎت اﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
2009.
 All connection hardware shall be galvanized or ‫ﻗﻄﻊ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﻣﺠﻠﻔﻨﺔ أو ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن‬ 
stainless steel. .‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ اﻟﺬي ﻻ ﻳﺼﺪأ‬
 All lumber exposed to the weather and not ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺠﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﺧﺸﺎب اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟ ﻌﻮاﻣﻞ‬ 
within the closed airspace of a building ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻘﺲ أو ﺧﺎرج اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻤﻐﻠﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻴ‬
structure, shall be treated with preservatives AASHTO-M133 ‫ﺑﻤﺎدة ﺣﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺗﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﻣﻦ اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬
consistent with AASHTO-M133 for .‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد اﻟﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ وﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
preservatives and pressure treatment
processes.
3.0 HIGH RISE BUILDING STRUCTURES .‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﻫﻘﺔ‬ ‫ ﻫﻴﺎ‬3.0

This section includes the basic principles and ‫ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﺒﺎدئ واﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
guidelines for design and construction of high rise ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﻫﻘﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وإﻧﺸﺎء ﻫﻴﺎ‬
building structures, and provides the minimum ‫أو‬/‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ و‬/‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
90
technical requirements to be adopted by the A/E ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻟﻲ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎت واﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﺘﻘﻴﺪ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬
and/or EPC Contractors to enable safety, quality, and ‫اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ واﻟﺠﻮدة وأﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﻫﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ‬
cost effectiveness in the design and construction of .‫ اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/ ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت وﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎت اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
high rise building structures and high rise building ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬ ‫ُﺗﻌﺮف اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﻫﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻬﺎ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
systems that meet the needs and expectations of the ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻓﻮق‬23 ‫ﻃﻮاﺑﻖ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻟﺔ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
GDMP/ Amanat. High-rise buildings are defined as ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﻹﻃﻔﺎء )وﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري‬
structures with an occupied floor located more than 23 ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ واﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬/‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
m above the lowest level of fire department vehicle .(‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ‬
access (this specific criterion shall be verified by A/E
and appropriate GDMP/ Amanat).
3.1.2 SCOPE ‫ ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬3.1.2

The scope of this subsection is to provide guidance on ‫ﻳﻐﻄﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎت ﺑﺨﺼﻮص ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
design and construction of high-rise building ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﻫﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄة ﻣﻦ اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫وإﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
structures constructed of concrete and steel ‫ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻮاردة ﻫﻨﺎ أو اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬.‫واﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬
materials. The design requirements provided herein, or .‫( وﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬MBC) ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻮد اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺔ‬
cited by reference, are based on an MBC and industry
standards.

The principles, guidelines, and requirements included ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﻫﻘﺔ ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻀﻊ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
in this subsection shall govern all high-rise building ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎدئ واﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
structures, as defined in the introduction herein. .‫اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺤﺪد ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ‬

 Engineering of high-rise buildings shall be as ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﻫﻘﺔ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﺎ ورد‬ 
provided in the structural design chapter of the ‫ﻓﻲ ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ‬
MBC and in the respective material building ‫وﻓﻲ أﻛﻮاد ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﻮاد واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮد‬
codes and standards referenced by the MBC. .‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ‬
 Complete description of the lateral force ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ أﺳﺎس اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺻﻔًﺎ ﻣًﻼ ﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ 
resisting systems and of any special ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ وأي آﻟﻴﺎت ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
mechanisms used for the dampening or control ‫ﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ أو اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ رد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
of lateral response in high rise building ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ وﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﻫﻘﺔ‬
structure shall be provided in the design basis ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ‬
report. The systems shall be analysed and ‫وﻗﻴﻮدﻫﺎ اﻟﻤﻀّﻤﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
detailed in the calculations, and their important .‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
structural design parameters and limitations
included in the general notes section of the
drawings.
91

High-rise buildings shall be designed based on the .ASCE 7-16 ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﻫﻘﺔ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
ASCE 7-16. Design and construction of all high-rise ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻫﻴﺎ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﻫﻘﺔ‬
building structures shall be based upon the .‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ وﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬
requirements of this subsection and industry buildings ‫ واﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ASCE 7 ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺘﻘﻴﺪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬
standards. These shall follow the provisions of the ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ‬
ASCE 7-16 and the special requirements specified in
the MBC.
3.2 STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND DESIGN ‫ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ واﻋﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬3.2

CONSIDERATION
3.2.1 STRUCTURAL DESIGN ‫ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ‬3.2.1
 Engineering of high-rise buildings shall be as ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﻫﻘﺔ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﺎ ورد‬ 
provided in the Structural Design chapter of the ‫ﻓﻲ ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ‬
MBC and in the respective material building ‫وﻓﻲ أﻛﻮاد ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﻮاد واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮد‬
codes and standards referenced by the MBC. .‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ‬
 Complete description of the lateral force ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ أﺳﺎس اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ واﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬ 
resisting systems and of any special ‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ واﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت‬
mechanisms used for the dampening or control ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ وﺻﻔًﺎ ﻣًﻼ ﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻘﻮى‬
of lateral response shall be provided in the ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ وأي آﻟﻴﺎت ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ أو اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
design basis report, in the calculations, and in .‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﻫﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ رد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
the structural general notes on the
construction drawings.
3.2.2 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ‫ اﻋﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬3.2.2

 High-rise buildings shall be designed as ‫ﺗﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷداء‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﻫﻘﺔ ﻛﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
performance-based structures as outlined in .ASCE 7-16 ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺼﻮل اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
various chapters of ASCE 7-16.
 Linear seismic response spectra analysis shall ‫ﻳﺠﺐ إﺟﺮاء ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ أﻃﻴﺎف اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔ‬ 
be conducted using three-dimensional .‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد‬
structural modelling.
 Nonlinear dynamic behaviour of structure is ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺘﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﺴﻠﻮك اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺨﻄﻲ ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬ 
required when the response spectra analysis ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﺗﺠﺎوز ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ أﻃﻴﺎف اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ‬
exceeds demand to capacity ratio outlined in AISC ، ASCE 7-16 ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻻت اﻟﺴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
the ASCE 7-16, AISC 341, and AISC 360. .AISC 360‫ و‬،341
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 Site specific response spectrum to be used in ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻷﻃﻴﺎف اﻟﺬي ﺳُﻴﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ‬ 
structural design shall be as recommended in ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
the GDR. .‫اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ‬
 Spectrum used in seismic design shall conform ‫أﻣﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻷﻃﻴﺎف اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻲ‬ 
to the requirements of the ASCE 7-16. .ASCE 7-16 ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬
 Non-Linear dynamic shaking motion is

required, using the Maximum Considered ‫وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻻﻫﺘﺰازﻳﺔ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔ‬ 
Earthquake shaking motion with a 5% damped ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻬﺰات اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ‬
acceleration. .%5 ‫ﺗﺴﺎرع ﻣﺨﻔﻒ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
 Determine required wind speeds and ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﺮﻋﺎت اﻟﺮﻳﺎح اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ واﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻬﺎ‬ 
associated pressures per the base wind ‫وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﺴﺮﻋﺎت اﻟﺮﻳﺎح اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا‬
speeds specified in this section. .‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
 Consider wind tunnel studies that accurately ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ دراﺳﺎت ﻧﻔﻖ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح اﻟﺬي ﻳﻤﺜﻞ‬ 
model dynamic behaviour. .‫اﻟﺴﻠﻮك اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ‬
 Slab-Wall Connections ‫رﺑﻂ ﺟﺪران اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬ 

o Concrete core walls provide ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺟﺪران اﻟﻠﺐ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ دﻋﻤًﺎ ﻛﺒﻴﺮًا ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ o
substantial building support making .‫ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ رﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﻮر ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ اﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬
connections an important
consideration.
o Tower sway induces lateral ‫ﻳﺆدي ﺗﺄرﺟﺢ اﻟﺒﺮج إﻟﻰ اﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺘﺴﺒﺒًﺎ‬ o
deformation creating shear and .‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﻮى ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ أﺣﻤﺎل ودوران ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ‬
rotation forces in these connections.
 Story Drift shall not exceed 0.5% of story height ‫ ﻣﻦ ارﺗﻔﺎع أي ﻃﺎﺑﻖ‬%0.5 ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز اﻧﺰﻳﺎح اﻟﻄﻮاﺑﻖ‬ 
of any story for service level shaking. .‫ﻻﻫﺘﺰاز ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
3.2.3 HIGHRISE BUILDING LIMITS ‫ ﻗﻴﻮد اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﻫﻘﺔ‬3.2.3

 Concrete Structures ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
o Concrete rigid frame buildings are the ‫ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻹﻃﺎرات اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﻫﻲ‬ o
preferred system for up to 20 stories. 20 ‫اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎرﺗﻔﺎع ﺣﺘﻰ‬
.‫ﻃﺎﺑﻘًﺎ‬
o Concrete shear wall structures are the ‫ﺟﺪران اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ o
preferred system from 21 to 35 stories. 35 ‫ إﻟﻰ‬21 ‫اﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎرﺗﻔﺎع‬
.‫ﻃﺎﺑﻘًﺎ‬
93
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪Combination‬‬ ‫‪frame-shear‬‬ ‫‪wall‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪران اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬ ‫وﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴٍﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻓﺈن ﻫﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪structures are the preferred system‬‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﻣﺠﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫‪from 36 to 50 stories.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎرﺗﻔﺎع ‪ 36‬إﻟﻰ ‪ 50‬ﻃﺎﺑﻘًﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪Perimeter Concrete formed tube or‬‬ ‫أﻣﺎ أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸ ّ ﺔ أو‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪bundled tube construction is the‬‬ ‫إﻧﺸﺎءات اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﺤﺰوﻣﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ اﻷﻓﻀﻞ‬
‫‪preferred system from 50 stories to 75‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎرﺗﻔﺎع ‪ 50‬إﻟﻰ ‪ 75‬ﻃﺎﺑﻘًﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪stories.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Steel Structures‬‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪Steel Staggered truss is the preferred‬‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﺪّرﺟﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪system for up to 20 stories.‬‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎرﺗﻔﺎع ﺣﺘﻰ ‪ 20‬ﻃﺎﺑﻘًﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪Steel Rigid frame is the preferred‬‬ ‫اﻹﻃﺎرات اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻷﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪system from 21 to 30 stories.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎرﺗﻔﺎع ‪ 21‬إﻟﻰ ‪ 30‬ﻃﺎﺑﻘًﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪Steel Rigid frame combined with‬‬ ‫اﻹﻃﺎرات اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪concrete shear wall is the preferred‬‬ ‫ﻫﻲ اﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎرﺗﻔﺎع ‪ 31‬إﻟﻰ‬
‫‪system from 31 to 40 stories.‬‬ ‫‪ 40‬ﻃﺎﺑﻘًﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪Steel belt truss is the preferred system‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻠﻮﻧﺎت ذات اﻷﺣﺰﻣﺔ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪from 41 to 60 stories.‬‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎرﺗﻔﺎع ‪ 41‬إﻟﻰ ‪60‬‬
‫ﻃﺎﺑﻘًﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪Steel framed tube and bundled tube‬‬ ‫اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﺆﻃﺮة ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻮﻻذ ﻫﻲ اﻷﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪arrangements‬‬ ‫‪are‬‬ ‫‪the‬‬ ‫‪preferred‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎرﺗﻔﺎع ‪ 61‬إﻟﻰ ‪ 140‬ﻃﺎﺑﻘًﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪system from 61 stories to 140 stories.‬‬
‫‪3.3 DAMPING SYSTEM‬‬ ‫‪ 3.3‬ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺪ اﻻرﺗﺠﺎﺟﺎت‬

‫‪Dampers assist in the dissipation of energy generated‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﻣﺨﻤﺪات اﻻرﺗﺠﺎج ﻓﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻻﻫﺘﺰاز‬
‫‪by seismic shaking and wind gust frequency.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻲ وﺗﻜﺮار ﻋﺼﻒ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‪.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Types of dampers are as follows:‬‬ ‫وﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ أﻧﻮاع ﻣﺨﻤﺪات اﻻرﺗﺠﺎج‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫)‪a‬‬ ‫‪Passive Dampers are uncontrolled and‬‬ ‫‪ (a‬ﻣﺨﻤﺪات اﻻرﺗﺠﺎج اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺨﻀﻊ ﻷي ﺗﺤﻜﻢ‬
‫‪require no power to work.‬‬ ‫وﻻ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪Examples of passive dampers are as‬‬ ‫وﻓﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻟﻤﺨﻤﺪات اﻻرﺗﺠﺎج اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪follows:‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Viscous dampers‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﻤﺪات اﻟﻠﺰﺟﺔ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Friction dampers.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻤﺪات اﻻﺣﺘ ك‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪94‬‬
b) Active Dampers generate forces on a ‫( اﻟﻤﺨﻤﺪات اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮّﻟﺪ ﻗﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴ‬b
structure to counter wind or seismic ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻻﺿﻄﺮاﺑﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻔﺮﺿﻬﺎ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح أو اﻟﺤﺮ ت‬
imposed disturbance. .‫اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ‬
o Examples of active dampers are as :‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻣﺨﻤﺪات اﻻرﺗﺠﺎج اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬ o
follows:
 Tuned mass damper ‫اﻟﻤﺨﻤﺪات اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻀﺒﻮﻃﺔ‬ 
 Tuned liquid damper. ‫اﻟﻤﺨﻤﺪات اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻀﺒﻮﻃﺔ‬ 
4.0 NON-BUILDING STRUCTURES ‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬4.0

This subsection provides structural design criteria for ‫ﺧﻼف‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺪم ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬
structures other than buildings, furnishes design ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ إرﺷﺎدات اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻟﻌﺪة أﻧﻮاع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
guidance for various types of non-building structures, ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ وﻳﺤﺪد ﺑﻌﺾ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻤﻮد ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
and identifies special considerations with regards to .‫ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
certain materials in specific applications
The non-building structures and systems covered ‫واﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻐﻄﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
under this subsection include: :‫اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
 Drainage Structures. .‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 
 Catch Basins and Manholes. .‫أﺣﻮاض اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ وﻏﺮف اﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ‬ 
 Pre-engineered Canopy Structures. .‫اﻟﻤﻈﻼت اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬ 
 Shade Structures. .‫اﻟﻈﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 
 Water and Wastewater Structures. .‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه وﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺼﺮف‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 
 Liquid Retaining Structures. .‫ﺣﻔﻆ اﻟﺴﻮاﺋﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 
 Flow Chambers. .‫ﻏﺮف اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎت‬ 
 Valve Chambers. .‫ﺣﺠﺮات اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬ 
 Thrust Blocks. .‫ﻛﺘﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻧﺪة‬ 
 Mechanical and Process Structures. ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ وﻫﻴﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
 Pipeline Corridor Structures. .‫ﻣﻤﺮات اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 
 Electrical and Communication Structures. .‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء واﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 
 Generator Support Structures. .‫دﻋﻢ ﻣﻮﻟﺪات اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 
 Concrete Duct Banks. ‫ﺣﺰم اﻟﻘﻨﻮات اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ 
 Security Crash Barriers. ‫ﺣﻮاﺟﺰ اﻻﺻﻄﺪام اﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬ 
 Supports for Signs, Luminaires, Traffic Signals. .‫دﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت ووﺣﺪات اﻹﻧﺎرة وإﺷﺎرات اﻟﻤﺮور‬ 

 This subsection mandates the principles, ‫ﻳﻘﺪم ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﻣﺒﺎدئ وأدﻟﺔ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ‬ 
guidelines, and requirements for design and ‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
construction of the non-building structures and ‫ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
95
provides the minimum technical requirements ‫أو ﻣﻘﺎوﻟﻲ اﺳﺘﺸﺎرات‬/‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ و‬/‫اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
to be adopted by the AE and/or AE EPC ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻴﻦ‬/‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎت واﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﻴﻦ‬
Contractors to enable safety, quality, and cost ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ واﻟﺠﻮدة وﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
effectiveness in the design and construction of ‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
non-building structures that meet the needs ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ‬.‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫وﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎت اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
and expectations of the GDMP/ Amanat. This ‫ﻳﻘﺪم ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ‬
subsection provides structural design criteria ‫ﺧﻼف اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ وﻳﻮﻓﺮ إرﺷﺎدات اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺑﺨﺼﻮص‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬
for structures other than buildings and . ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد واﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
furnishes design guidance on materials and
applications for these structures.
 Non-building structures include all self- ‫ذاﺗﻴﺔ اﻹﺳﻨﺎد‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
supporting structures that are not included ‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﻤﻮﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻄﺎق ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ واﻟﺘﻲ‬
under the purview of the MBC, that resist .‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى‬/‫ﺗﻘﺎوم أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ واﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬
gravity loads and environmental and/or other
lateral loads.
 Engineering and configuration of non-building ‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وإﻋﺪادات اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
structures shall be in accordance with the ‫اﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت اﻟﺴﺎرﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ وﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
applicable provisions of the MBC and the ‫اﻟﺠﻬﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬
standards of the various organizations .‫وﻛﻤﺎ ورد ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ‬
referenced in this subsection, and as amended
herein.
 Industrial buildings may be classified as non- ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﺑﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻛﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
building structures in certain situations for the ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت ﺑﻐﺮض ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻲ‬
purposes of determining seismic design ‫وﺣﺪود اﻟﻨﻈﺎم وﺣﺪود اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع وﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬
coefficients and factors, system limitations, ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻹﺷﻐﺎل ﻣﻘﺘﺼﺮًا‬،‫ وﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫ذات اﻟﺼﻠﺔ‬
height limits, and associated detailing ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ واﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﺬه‬
requirements. Therefore, when the occupancy ‫ ﻓﺼﻞ‬،SBC 2018-301 ‫وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
is limited primarily to maintenance and .‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
monitoring operations, these structures may
be designed in accordance with the provisions
of the SBC 2018-301, Chapter for non-building
structures.

The scope of this subsection is to provide guidance on ‫ﻳﻐﻄﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎت ﺑﺨﺼﻮص ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
design and construction of non-building structures, ‫ ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮ‬.‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔاﻟﻤﺸﻴﺪة ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫وإﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
constructed of various materials. This scope is limited ‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ واﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﻫﺬا ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
to non-building type structures and systems defined in ‫ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬.‫اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬
96
the introduction to this subsection. The design ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻮاردة ﻫﻨﺎ أو اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت اﻟﺴﺎرﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
requirements provided herein, or cited by reference, ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ وأﻓﻀﻞ‬،(MBC) ‫ﻛﻮد اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺔ‬
are based on applicable provisions of the MBC, / ‫اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺒﻨﺎﻫﺎ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
industry standards, and best practices embraced by .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬
the GDMP/ Amanat.

The principles, guidelines, and requirements included ‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴ ﺔ وأﻧﻈﻤﺘ ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺨﻀﻊ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
in this subsection shall govern design and ‫اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻨﺎ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه‬
construction of all non- building type structures and .‫اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ‬
systems listed in the introduction to this section and
discussed herein.

 For non-building structures not listed in this ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺪرﺟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
subsection, design requirements, ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ إﻋﺪاد‬/‫اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
specifications, and construction details for ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ واﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت وﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﻟﻬﺎ‬
such structures shall be developed by the A/E, ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫وﺗﻘﺪﻳﻤﻬﺎ ﻟﻺدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
for review and approval by the GDMP/ Amanat. .‫ﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺘﻬﺎ واﻋﺘﻤﺎدﻫﺎ‬
 Although this section covers certain materials ‫ورﻏﻢ أن ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻳﻐﻄﻲ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ واﻋﺘﺒﺎرات‬ 
and special considerations for those materials ،‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻮاد ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ أﻏﺮاض ﻣﺤﺪدة‬
when used in particular applications, the ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻬﺎ "ﻏﻴﺮ ﺑﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ" ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ﻓﺌﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
category of structures classified as "non- ‫ﺗﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮاد ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻨﺎ ﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
buildings" shall not be limited in materials to .‫اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬
those discussed in this subsection.
4.1.5 CODES AND STANDARDS ‫ اﻷﻛﻮاد واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬4.1.5

1. Design and construction of all non-building ‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬.1
structures and systems shall be based upon the ‫وأﻧﻈﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ وﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬
requirements of this section and industry ‫اﻟﺴﺎرﻳﺔ؛ وﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
standards; these shall be from the applicable ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺴﺎرﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻮد اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺔ‬
requirements of the MBC and the codes and .‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز واﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ‬/‫واﻷﻛﻮاد‬
references included herein.
2. Subsection 2.1.4: General Reference. :‫ اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬:(4-1-2) ‫ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬.2
 ACI: American Concrete Institute ‫ اﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬:ACI 

o ACI 554 Specification for Glass Fiber ‫ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮاد اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ACI 554 o
Reinforced Concrete Materials and ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎف اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎت )اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬
Commentary (Metric). .(‫اﻟﻤﺘﺮي‬
97
o ACI 350M Metric Code Requirements ‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﻤﺘﺮي ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬ACI 350M o
for Environmental Engineering .‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎت‬
Concrete Structures and Commentary.
o ACI 350.2R Concrete Structures for ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻻﺣﺘﻮاء اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ACI 350.2R o
Containment of Hazardous Materials. .‫اﻟﺨﻄﺮة‬
o ACI 351.1R Grouting between ‫ اﻟﻤﻼط ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت واﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ACI 351.1R o

Foundations and Bases for Support of .‫ﻟﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات واﻵﻟﻴﺎت‬
Equipment and Machinery.
o ACI 351.2R Foundations for Static .‫ أﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬ACI 351.2R o

Equipment
o ACI 351.3R Foundations for Dynamic .‫ أﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ACI 351.3R o

Equipment
o ACI 371R Guide for the Analysis, ‫ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ وﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬ACI 371R o
Design, and Construction of Elevated -‫ﺻﻬﺎرﻳﺞ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ واﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
Concrete and Composite Steel- .‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ‬
Concrete Water Storage Tanks
o ACI 544.1R Report on Fiber Reinforced ‫ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ACI 544.1R o

Concrete ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎف‬
o ACI 544.2R Measurement of Properties ‫ ﻗﻴﺎس ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ACI 544.2R o

of Fiber Reinforced Concrete ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎف‬
 American Concrete Pipe Association ‫ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬ 

o Concrete Pipe Design Manual ‫دﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ o
 American Railway Engineering and ‫اﺗﺤﺎد ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ وﺻﻴﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ‬ 
Maintenance-of-Way Association
o AREMA: American Railway Engineering ‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﺗﺤﺎد ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﻚ‬ :AREMA o

and Maintenance-of-Way Association .‫اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ وﺻﻴﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ‬
Manual for Railway Engineering.
 ASCE: American Society of Civil Engineers ‫ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﻴﻦ‬: ASCE 
o ASCE 10 Design of Latticed Steel ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ASCE 10 o
Transmission Structures ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺸﺎﺑﻜﺔ‬
98
o ASCE/SEI 48 Design of Steel ‫أﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ASCE/SEI 48 o

Transmission Pole Structures ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬
o ASCE/SEI 74 Guidelines for Electrical ‫ إرﺷﺎدات اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ‬ASCE/SEI 74 o

Transmission Line Structural Loading ‫ﻟﺨﻄﻮط ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء‬
o ASCE Publication Structural Reliability ‫ ﻧﺸﺮة اﻟﻤﻮﺛﻮﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ‬ASCE o

Based Design of Utility Pole Structures ‫أﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
o ASCE Design of Circular Concrete ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻴﺔ‬ASCE o

Tanks
o ASCE Considerations for Rectangular ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺰاﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻋﺘﺒﺎرات‬ ASCE o

Concrete Tanks ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﺔ‬
o ASCE Engineering Practice Report 113 113 ‫ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ASCE o
o ASCE/SEI 49 Wind Tunnel Testing for ‫ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر أﻧﻔﺎق اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬ASCE/SEI 49 o

Buildings and Other Structures ‫وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
o ASCE/SEI 52 Design of Fiberglass- ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻌﺎت اﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‬ASCE/SEI 52 o

Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Stacks ‫اﻟﻤﻘﻮى ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎف اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ‬
 American Water and Waste Water Association ‫اﻻﺗﺤﺎد اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎه وﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬ 
o AWWA M42 Steel Water Storage Tanks ‫ اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬AWWA M42 o
‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬
 NACE RP0193 External Cathodic Protection of ‫ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﺎع‬NACE RP0193 
on Grade Carbon Steel tank bottom ‫ﺧﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬
 ASTM International .‫ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ‬ASTM 

o ASTM A775M Standard Specification ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬ ASTM A775M o
for Epoxy-Coated Steel Reinforcing ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن‬
Bars ‫ﺑﺎﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
o ASTM A934M Standard Specification ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬ ASTM A934M o

for Epoxy- Coated Prefabricated Steel ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن‬
Reinforcing Bars ‫ﺑﺎﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
o ASTM C478M Standard Specification ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬ ASTM C478M o

for Precast Reinforced Concrete ‫ﻷﻗﺴﺎم ﻏﺮف اﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬
Manhole Sections ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬
99
 API: American Petroleum Institute ‫ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﺒﺘﺮول اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬:API 

o API 650 Welded Steel Tanks for Oil ‫ ﺧﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻮم ﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬API 650 o
Storage ‫اﻟﻨﻔﻂ‬
o API 651 Cathodic Protection Systems ‫ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‬API 651 o
o API RP 615 Installation of Underground ‫ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺻﻬﺎرﻳﺞ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬API RP 615 o

Petroleum Storage Tanks and Piping ‫اﻟﻨﻔﻂ وﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻷرض‬
Systems
o API RP 1632 Cathodic Protection of ‫ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬API RP 1632 o

Underground Petroleum Storage ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺻﻬﺎرﻳﺞ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ اﻟﻨﻔﻂ وﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬
Tanks and Piping Systems ‫ﺗﺤﺖ اﻷرض‬
o API STD Venting Atmospheric and ‫ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺲ اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ وذات‬API STD o
Low-Pressure Storage Tanks ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ‬
 AWWA: American Water Works Association ‫ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬:AWWA 

o M11 Steel Pipe: A Guide for Design and ‫ دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬:‫ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬M11 o
Installation ‫واﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬
o M42 Steel Water Storage Tanks ‫ اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬M42 o
 PCA: Portland Cement Association ‫ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ اﻟﺒﻮرﺗﻼﻧﺪي‬:PCA 

o PCA Design of Rectangular Concrete ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﺔ‬PCA o
Tanks
o PCA Design of Circular Concrete Tanks ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻴﺔ‬ASCE o
 AASHTO: American Association of State ‫ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق‬:AASHTO 

Highway and Transportation Officials ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
o AASHTO Standard Specifications for ‫ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬AASHTO LTS-2 o

Structural Supports of Highway Signs, ‫ﻟﻠﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
Luminaries and Traffic Signals .‫ووﺣﺪات اﻹﻧﺎرة وإﺷﺎرات اﻟﻤﺮور‬
o AASHTO Standard Specifications for ‫ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺠﺴﻮر‬AASHTO o

Highway Bridges, American ‫ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ‬،‫اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
Association of State Highway and .‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
Transportation Officials (AASHTO)
100
o AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design ،‫ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر‬AASHTO LRFD o

Specification, American Association of ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق‬
State Highway and Transportation .‫اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
Officials (AASHTO)
o AASHTO Standard Specifications for ‫ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬AASHTO o

Highway Drainage Structures .‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
 PCI: Precast/ Prestressed Concrete Institute ‫ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬/ ‫ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬:PCI 
o PCI MNL-120 PCI Design Handbook ‫ ﻛﺘﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬PCI MNL-120 PCI o
 PIP: Process Industry Practise ‫ ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬:PIP 

 PTI: Post-Tensioning Institute ‫ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﺸﺪ اﻟﻼﺣﻖ‬:PTI 
o PTI TAB 1.0 Post-Tensioning Manual ‫ دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺸﺪ اﻟﻼﺣﻖ‬PTI TAB 1.0 o
 STI: Steel Tank Institute ‫ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﺼﻬﺎرﻳﺞ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬:STI 

 US Government Agencies ‫اﻟﻮ ﻻت اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬ 
o US Department of Defense, UFC-4-022 UFC-4-022 ،‫وزارة اﻟﺪﻓﺎع اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬ o
o US Department of State, SD-STD- SD-STD-02.01 ،‫وزارة اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬ o

02.01
o FEMA 430, Perimeter Security Design ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ أﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ‬,FEMA 430 o
 ANSI/TIA: Telecommunications Industry ‫ اﺗﺤﺎد ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬:ANSI/TIA 

Association
o ANSI/TIA-222G Structural ‫اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬ ANSI/TIA-222G o

Standards for Antenna Supporting ‫ﻟﻸﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻮاﺋﻴﺎت‬
Structures
4.2 PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES ‫ اﻟﻤﺒﺎدئ واﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ‬4.2

4.2.1 CONCRETE ‫ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬4.2.1
 General ‫ﻋﺎم‬ 
o Concrete properties shall be selected ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻟﻤﻼءﻣﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت‬ o
to suit the expected conditions. For ‫ ﻟﻼﻃﻼع ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ اﻋﺘﺒﺎرات‬.‫اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
discussion of considerations in ‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﺔ واﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
selecting appropriate composition and .‫ﻳﺮﺟﻰ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬
properties of concrete, refer to the
specifications.
101
o Portland-Pozzolan cement shall also be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻳﻀًﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام إﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﺑﻮرﺗﻼﻧﺪ اﻟﺒﻮزوﻻن‬ o
used for non-building structures. For ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬.‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬
un-reinforced concrete in contact with ‫اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ‬
the earth, Type V cement shall be used. .‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﻼﻣﺴﺔ ﻟﻸرض‬
o TABLE 4.1.A and Subsection 2.6 shall ‫أ( واﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬-1-4) ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺠﺪول‬ o
be used for selection of minimum ‫( ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻔﺌﺎت اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ‬6-2) ‫اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬
concrete classes. .‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
o Refer to Subsection 7 for additional ‫( ﻟﻼﻃﻼع ﻋﻠﻰ‬7) ‫ﻳﺮﺟﻰ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬ o
guidance and requirements on . ‫إرﺷﺎدات وﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
corrosion protection.
o Concrete reinforcing steel shall be in ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﻮﻻذ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘًﺎ‬ o
accordance with the specifications. ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻲ‬.‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬
Epoxy coated reinforcement shall be ‫ ﺷﺮط أﻻ ﻳﻜﻮن‬،‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬
used for the following structures, ‫ﺛﻮدﻳًﺎ )راﺟﻊ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻣﺤﻤﻲ‬
provided that reinforcement is not :((7)
cathodically protected (Refer to
Subsection 7):
 Portions of structures situated below ‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى وﺣﺘﻰ ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫أﺟﺰاء اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
grade and up to 1 m above finished ‫ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬.‫واﺣﺪ ﻓﻮق اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﺸﻄﺐ‬
grade. Where splices with uncoated ‫وﺻﻼت ﺗﺮاﻛﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻄﻠﻲ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ أن‬
reinforcement occur, splicing shall .‫ﺗﺒﺪأ اﻟﻮﺻﻼت اﻟﺘﺮاﻛﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻮق ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ‬
begin above this location.
 Drainage structures. .‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 

 Bulk structures to contain liquid and ‫اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة ﻻﺣﺘﻮاء اﻟﺴﻮاﺋﻞ واﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
corrosive materials. . ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬
 Water related structures. .‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
 Waterfront structures. .‫اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 
o Concrete cover for protection of ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻐﻄﺎء اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ‬ o
reinforcement shall be in accordance .‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻣﺘﻮاﻓﻘًﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬
with the specifications.
 Fibre Reinforced Concrete: :‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎف‬ 

o Concrete and cementitious mortar may ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ واﻟﻤﻼط اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺘﻲ‬ o
be reinforced with alkali-resistant, ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﻴﺎف‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺮاﺋﺢ‬
chopped-glass fibres, short steel ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻠﻮﻳﺎت أو أﻟﻴﺎف ﻓﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻗﺼﻴﺮة أو أﻟﻴﻒ‬
102
fibres, or various organic plastic fibres ‫ﺑﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
to obtain enhanced strength, ductility, ‫اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻤﻌﺰزة واﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ واﻟﺼﻼﺑﺔ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧًﺔ‬
and toughness when compared to plain ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬.‫ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ واﻟﻤﻼط اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﻴﻦ‬
concrete and mortar. Fibre reinforced ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎف ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ‬
concrete shall be used only if it is .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
approved by the GDMP/ Amanat. ‫ارﺷﺎدات‬/‫ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎت‬SBC 2018-304 ‫ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬
Design guidance and typical material .‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ‬
properties are found in the SBC 2018-
304.
o Requirements and limitations for use of ‫أﻣﺎ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت وﻗﻴﻮد اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ o
Fibre Reinforced Concrete, are ACI ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎف ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ‬
included in the ACI 554. .554
‫ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺌﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﻬﺎ‬: A 4.1 ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬

Table 4.1 A : Minimum Recommended Concrete Classes
.‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﺪﻫﻮر ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ أﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮة‬
C20 Mass concrete not exposed to deteriorating agents where mass rather than strength is the
principal consideration
‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ واﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﻴ ﺎ‬
C25
Drainage and Utility Structures
‫اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻌﺬﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬
C30
Waterfront structures in fresh water
‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﻓﻮق ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺮ واﻟﻤﺮﻓﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﻘﺪر ٍف ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ‬
C30
Reinforced concrete structures over seawater which are sufficiently elevated so that they are
ordinary wetted by sea water
‫اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻌﺮض اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻛﺜﻴﺮًا ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺤﺔ‬ ‫أﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
C30 Reinforced concrete decks of waterfront structures where the underside is frequently wetted
by salt water
4.2.2 STRUCTURAL DESIGN ‫ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ‬4.2.2

 Design Loads ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ 
o Design loads shall be in accordance ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻸدﻟﺔ‬ o
with the guidelines listed in Subsection (3-2) ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬
2.3, and as modified in this subsection. ‫وﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼت اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
.‫اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬
o Loadings not covered by the criteria in ‫أﻣﺎ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺪرﺟﺔ‬ o
this section shall be obtained from ‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
available technical or manufacturer's ‫اﻟﻤﺆﻟﻔﺎت اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ وﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺠﻬﺎت اﻟﻤﺼّﻨﻌﺔ أو‬
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literature or formulated with GDMP/ ‫إﻋﺪادﻫﺎ ﺑﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬

Amanat’s approval. .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
o Particular attention shall be given to ‫ﺧﺎص ﺑﺄﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬ ‫وﻳﺠﺐ اﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﺑﺸ‬ o
wind, seismic, dynamic, and fatigue ‫واﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ واﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ وأﺣﻤﺎل اﻟ ﺎل‬
loads on cable-supported structures ‫اﻟﻤﺪﻋﻮﻣﺔ ﺑ ﺑﻼت وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
and other similar force-oscillating .‫اﻟﻤﺘﺄرﺟﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
structures.
 Design Stresses ‫اﺟﻬﺎدات اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 

o Conform to MBC and referenced codes ‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻛ ﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬ o
and standards. .‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬/‫واﻷﻛﻮاد‬
 Design Requirements ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠّﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 

o Design shall conform to the general ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻠﺘﺰم اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ o
concepts and practices of the proper ‫وﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
design specification cited in this ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﻋﺪم‬.‫اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬
subsection. Where the design of a ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ أو ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻟﻬﻴ‬
particular structure or of a special case ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ واﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬
is not covered, the design approach ‫اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ أو إﻋﺪادﻫﺎ‬
and technical formulae shall be based /‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
on available technical literature or shall ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل‬،‫ وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬.‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬
be formulated, with GDMP/ Amanat ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ أﺳﺎس اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ واﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬،‫إﻋﺪادﻫﺎ‬
approval. If formulated, such .‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ ذات اﻟﺼﻠﺔ‬
formulation shall be included in the
design basis report and related
calculations.
o Wherever possible, standard, readily ‫ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﻮاد واﻟﺤﺪات‬،‫ ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ أﻣﻜﻦ‬،‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ‬ o
available materials, units, and systems ‫ ﺑﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ‬،‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬.‫وأﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮة‬
of construction shall be specified. New ،‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
materials, units, and systems of a ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻮاد واﻟﻮﺣﺪات واﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة‬
sustainable or creative design ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺪاﻣﺔ أو‬
concepts that are economically and ‫إﺑﺪاﻋﻴﺔ وﻣﺠﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮاﺣﻲ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ‬
structurally sound may be used, .‫واﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
subject to GDMP/ Amanat approval.
o Structural systems and materials shall ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻮاد واﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺎًء‬ o
be selected based on safety, quality, ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ واﻟﺠﻮدة وﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
and cost effectiveness. .‫اﻟﺘ ﻔﺔ‬
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o Industrial buildings may be classified as ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻛﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
non-building structures in certain ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت ﺑﻐﺮض ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت‬
situations for the purposes of ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻲ وﺣﺪود اﻟﻨﻈﺎم وﺣﺪود‬
determining seismic design .‫اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع وﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ذات اﻟﺼﻠﺔ‬
coefficients and factors, system ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻹﺷﻐﺎل ﻣﻘﺘﺼﺮًا‬،‫وﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ‬
limitations, height limits, and ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ واﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
associated detailing requirements. SBC 2018- ‫وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬ ‫ﻫﺬه اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
Therefore, when the occupancy is ،‫ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ ﻋﺸﺮ‬ASCE 7-16 ‫ أو‬301
limited primarily to maintenance and .‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
monitoring operations, these
structures may be designed in
accordance with the provisions of the
SBC 2018-301 or ASCE 7-16 Chapter
15, for non-building structures similar
to buildings.
 Stability – the provided criteria shall be verified ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ‬/‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬- ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬ 
by A/E based on applicable codes and ‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬/‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻛﻮاد‬
standards, and/or project specifics .‫أو ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬/‫اﻟﺴﺎرﻳﺔ و‬
o Factor of Safety Against Overturning, ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ أﻣﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﻘﻼب واﻻﻧﺰﻻق واﻟﺪﻓﻊ‬ o

Sliding, and Uplift .‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬
 Unless noted otherwise, stability ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺮد اﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ ﺧﻼف‬،‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬ 

relates to sliding, overturning, and ‫ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺰﻻق واﻻﻧﻘﻼب وﻣﺼﺎدر اﻹزاﺣﺔ اﻟ ﻴﺔ‬،‫ذﻟﻚ‬
other sources of gross displacement .‫اﻷﺧﺮى وﻟﻴﺲ اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﻌﻄﺎف‬
and not to stability as related to ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ أو أٍي ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮه ﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ‬
buckling. Structure or any of its ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﺰﻻق أو‬2.0 ‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ أﻣﺎن‬
elements shall be designed to provide ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻫﺬه‬.‫اﻻﻧﻘﻼب أو اﻟﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬
a minimum safety factor of 2.0 against ‫اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺎﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
failure to sliding, overturning, or uplift. .‫اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ زاﺋﺪًا أي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت إرﺳﺎء داﺋﻤﺔ‬
This required degree of stability shall
be provided solely by dead load plus
any permanent anchorage.
 Stability calculations shall be based on ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺣﻤﺎل‬ 
service loads. .‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
 Soil shall not be considered unless it is ‫وﻻ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ‬ 
directly supported by the foundation ‫ﻣﺪﻋﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮًة ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت وﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﻛﺪ أن‬
and it is certain that the soil cannot be
105
removed. Soil wedges shall not be ‫ ﻻ ﺗﺆﺧﺪ أﺳﺎﻓﻴﻦ أو أوﺗﺎد اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻟﻦ ُﺗﺰال‬
considered. .‫ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر‬
 For tanks, vessels, bins, etc. structures ‫اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت واﻷوﻋﻴﺔ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 
both cases (empty and with content) (‫أﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻴﻬﺎ )ﻓﺎرﻏﺔ وﻣﻠﻴﺌﺔ‬
shall be considered for stability ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬.‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬
analysis. Structural design shall be ‫اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺻﺮاﻣًﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
based on the most stringent load .‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﻴﻦ‬
effects under the two cases.
 Overturning, sliding, and uplift ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﺳﺘﻘﺮار اﻻﻧﻘﻼب‬ 
stabilities shall be evaluated with and ‫واﻻﻧﺰﻻق واﻟﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﻣﻊ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻟﻄﻔﻮ‬
without the effects of buoyancy. .‫وﺑﺪوﻧﻬﺎ‬
o Factor of Safety Against Buoyancy ‫ُﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻷﻣﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻔﻮ‬ o

 The safety factor against buoyancy 1.2 ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻷﻣﺎن ﺿﺪ اﻟﻄﻔﻮ ﻋﻦ‬ 
shall be at least 1.2 against the highest ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺪﻓﻊ‬
anticipated hydrostatic uplift pressure. ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﺾ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬.‫اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬
Where the weights calculated are well ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻷوزان اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﺤﺪدة‬1.1 ‫إﻟﻰ‬
established, this factor may be ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ‬، ‫ وﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻷﻣﺎن‬.‫ﺟﻴﺪًا‬
reduced to 1.1. In determining the ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎط ﻹزاﻟﺔ اﻷوزان ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
safety factors, allowance shall be made .‫ إزاﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬،‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
for future removal of weights, removal
of soil, for example.
4.3 DESIGN STANDARDS AND REQUIREMENTS ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ وﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬4.3

4.3.1 CULVERTS AND DRAINAGE STRUCTURES ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ اﻟﻌّﺒﺎرات وﻫﻴﺎ‬4.3.1
 Culverts convey surface water through a ‫ﺗﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﻄﺮق أو اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
roadway or other structure into a channel. The ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬.‫اﻷﺧﺮى إﻟﻰ ﻗﻨﺎة ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
culvert design should fulfil both structural and .‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة ًﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻻدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ واﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
hydraulic guidelines. When designing a culvert, :‫وﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻌّﺒﺎرة ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
the following shall be considered:
o The most common shapes used are: :‫أﻛﺜﺮ اﻷﺷ ل ﺷﻴﻮﻋًﺎ ﻫﻲ‬ o
 Circular (most common shape) ‫اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ )أﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ ﺷﻴﻮﻋ(ًﺎ‬ 
 Pipe Arch and Elliptical (used where ‫اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﻘﻮﺳﺔ أو اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎوﻳﺔ )ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﻨﺪ‬ 
there is limited cover) (‫ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬
 Box (singular or multiple boxes) (‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة اﻟﺼﻨﺪوﻗﻴﺔ )ﺻﻨﺪوق واﺣﺪ أو أﻛﺜﺮ‬ 
 Three-Sided Arch (used for spanning ‫اﻷﻗﻮاس ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ )ُﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬ 
water with natural bed as the bottom) (‫ﻣﻊ ﻗﺎع ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‬
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o Shape selection shall be based on: :‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر أٍي ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺷ ل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬ o
 Materials may be corrugated steel, ‫ ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬،‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻮاد ﻓﻮﻻذ ﻣﻤﻮج‬ 
precast concrete, or cast-in-place .‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ أو ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺼﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
concrete.
 Corrugated Steel structures may not ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﻤﻮج دون‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 
be utilized without authorization by the ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻹدارة‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ‬
GDMP/ Amanat .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
 Material selection ‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ 
 Upstream elevation ‫اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﻤﺼﺐ‬ 
 Embankment height ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺴﺪ اﻟﺘﺮاﺑﻲ‬ 

 Hydraulic performance ‫اﻷداء اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬ 
o Selection of material for the culvert is :‫وﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻣﻮاد اﻟﻌّﺒﺎرة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬ o
based on the following:
 Structural strength (fill height, loading ،‫ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬،‫اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ )ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺮدم‬ 
condition, foundation condition) (‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬
 Durability (considering water and soil (‫اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻠﻴﺔ )ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه وﺑﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ 
environment)
 Availability of materials ‫وﻓﺮة اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ 
 Roadway or feature profile ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ أو اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬ 
 Channel characteristics ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻗﻨﺎة اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ 
 Construction and Maintenance costs ‫ﺗ ﻟﻴﻒ اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ واﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ 
 Service Life ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻲ‬ 
o Structural design of culverts is ،‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎدة‬،‫ﻳﺴﺒﻖ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎرات‬ o

generally preceded with hydraulic ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺣﻴﺚ ُﺗﺤﺪد ﻣﻮاد اﻟﻌّﺒﺎرة‬
design, where the culvert material, ‫ وﺑﻨﺎًء‬.‫وﺷ ﻬﺎ وﻏﻴﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
shape, and other related design ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ وﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎت ﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺘﺪﻋﻲ‬
parameters are determined. ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﻟﻠﻌّﺒﺎرة اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
Depending on the site and nature of the ‫اﻹﺟﺮاءات ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺿﺪ اﻟﻨﺤﺮ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬
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flow, the culvert hydraulic design may ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺘﺨﺬ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه‬.‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
call for additional measures such as ‫ﺗﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﺻﺨﺮﻳﺔ أو ﻃﺒﻘﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺷ‬
protection against scour due to high .‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ أو ردم ﺣﺠﺮي‬
discharge velocity. Such protection
may be in the form of rip rap, concrete
mats, or stone fill.
 Loading ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬ 
o Drainage and culvert structures shall ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ واﻟﻌّﺒﺎرات‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ o
be designed for the loadings defined in ‫ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
the AASHTO Standard Specification ‫ ووﻓﻘًﺎ‬AASHTO ‫ﻟﺠﺴﻮر اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
for Highway Bridges and in accordance ‫ﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا‬
with the design requirements .((4.2.5) ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ )اﻧﻈﺮ أﻳﻀًﺎ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬
presented herein (See also Subsection
5.2.4).
 Methodology ‫اﻟﻤﻨ ﻬﺠﻴﺔ‬ 

o Design of circular and elliptical culverts ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻌّﺒﺎرات اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ واﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎوﻳﺔ‬ o
are based on the Marson-Spangler ‫ﺳﺒﺎﻧﻐﻠﺮ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺣﺴﺐ‬-‫ﻋﻠﻰ إﺟﺮاء ﻣﺎرﺳﻮن‬
Design procedure, as detailed by the ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬
American Concrete Pipe Association, ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺗﺤﺎد اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻟﻸﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬
Concrete Pipe Design Manual or the .FHWA ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ أو إﺟﺮاءات‬
FHWA procedures.
o This procedure is based on the :‫وﻳﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻫﺬا اﻹﺟﺮء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ o
following criteria:
 culvert backfill ‫اﻟﺮدم اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﻌّﺒﺎرة‬ 

 trench size ‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻷﺧﺪود‬ 
 culvert geometry ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة‬ 
 culvert materials ‫ﻣﻮاد اﻟﻌّﺒﺎرة‬ 
o Design of Concrete Box Culverts ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻨﺪوﻗﻴﺔ‬ o

The principal criteria of design for culverts ‫ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻌّﺒﺎرات وﻫﻴﺎ‬
and drainage structures are as follows: :‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
 Depth of backfill over structure: 0 to 2.5 ‫ م‬2.5 ‫ إﻟﻰ‬0 : ‫ﻋﻤﻖ اﻟﺮدم ﻓﻮق اﻟﻬﻴ‬ 
m.
 The greater the depth, the higher the ‫ﻤﺎ زاد ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ زاد اﻟﻌﻤﻖ‬ 
lateral soil pressure on the walls and .‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺪران وزاد وزن اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻤﺔ اﻟﻌّﺒﺎرة‬
the more soil weight on the culvert top
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 Truck loading is superimposed on the ‫ُﻳﻀﺎف ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬ 
culvert side walls via surcharge and is ‫ﻟﻠﻌّﺒﺎرة ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻎ وُﻳﻮزع ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺮدم إﻟﻰ‬
distributed through the backfill to the .‫أﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌّﺒﺎرة‬
top of the culvert.
 Depth of backfill over structure: ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬2.5 ‫ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ‬: ‫ﻋﻤﻖ اﻟﺮدم ﻓﻮق اﻟﻬﻴ‬ 
Greater than 2.5 m
 Truck live load dissipates and does not ‫ﻳﺘﺸﺘﺖ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك ﻟﻠﺸﺎﺣﻨﺔ وﻻ ﻳﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ‬ 
need to be considered .‫دراﺳﺔ‬
 Soil weight on culvert top and passive ‫ﻳﺘﺤﻜﻢ وزن اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌّﺒﺎرة واﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ 
pressure on side walls governs the .‫اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
design
 Soil pressures shall be considered fully ‫ﺗﺠﺐ دراﺳﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﺸّﺒﻌﺔ‬ 
saturated unless a drainage system is ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣًﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻈﺎم‬
installed with the culvert system. .‫اﻟﻌّﺒﺎرة‬
 Interior culvert water pressure is ‫ﺗﺠﺐ أﻳﻀًﺎ دراﺳﺔ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ‬ 
required to be considered, but rarely ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎرة ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻳﻨﺪر أن ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻌّﺒﺎرات‬
governs the design of culverts and .‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫وﻫﻴﺎ‬
drainage structures.
 Design Considerations ‫اﻋﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 

Applicable loads and load combinations shall be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ وﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
analyzed per AASHTO Standard Specification for .‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬AASHTO
Highway Drainage Structures. Additional design :‫ﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ اﻋﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
considerations include:
o Drainage Structures are also referred ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﻏﺮف‬ ‫ُﻳﺸﺎر إﻟﻰ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ o
to as manholes inlets vaults and valve .‫اﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ واﻟﻤﺪاﺧﻞ واﻷﻗﺒﻴﺔ وﻋﻠﺐ اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬
boxes. Drainage structures shall be ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
designed to resist earth, water, ‫اﻷرض واﻟﻤﺎء ودرﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة واﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻷﺧﺮى‬
temperature, and other loads to which ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻠﺘﺰم اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬.‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻬﺎ‬
they will be subjected. Structural SBC ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬
design of concrete structures shall be ‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬/‫ أو اﻷﻛﻮاد‬2018, ACI 350
in accordance with the SBC 2018, ACI .‫اﻷﺧﺮى اﻟﺴﺎرﻳﺔ‬
350 or other applicable Codes and
Standards.
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o Special consideration shall be given to ‫ﻳﺠﺐ إﻋﻄﺎء اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﺧﺎص ﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎط اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬ o
the effect of proper allowance for ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎوﺗﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻬﺒﻮط واﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬
differential movement due to ‫ وﻏﻴﺮه ﺑﻴﻦ ﻏﺮف اﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ واﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬،‫اﻟﺤﺮاري‬
settlement, thermal expansion, etc., ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺘﺮاﺑﻄﺔ واﻷﻗﺒﻴﺔ‬
between manholes and ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ وﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﻓﻲ إﻧﺸﺎء‬
interconnecting elements and vaults. ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ‬.‫ﻏﺮف اﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬
To the extent practical, precast and ‫وﻓﻘًﺎ‬ ‫ا ﻟ ﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ‬
prefabricated components for .ASTM C478M ‫ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬
manhole construction shall be used.
Precast components shall be furnished
in accordance with ASTM C478M.
o Design of underground precast ‫ﺗﺤﺖ اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o

structures shall include ground :‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ اﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔ اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬
floatation:
 Downward gravity forces including the ‫ﻗﻮى اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻷﺳﻔﻞ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ وزن اﻟﺠﺪران‬ 
weight of walls, slabs, inverts, and soil .‫واﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت واﻟﺮاﺳﻢ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ واﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬
 Weight of earth fill and overburden on ‫وزن اﻟﺮدم اﻟﺘﺮاﺑﻲ واﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻔﺮط ﻋﻠﻰ‬ 
extended base .‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻌﺔ‬
 Frictional resistance of the soil on an ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻﺣﺘ ﻛﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻓﺔ‬ 
extended edge .‫اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻌﺔ‬
 Buoyant forces .‫ﻗﻮى اﻟﻄﻔﻮ‬ 
o The factor of calculated safety will ‫ن‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪد ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻷﻣﺎن اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﺎ إذا‬ o
determine if the structure complies ‫ﻳﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬
with the factor of safety required in ACI .ACI 350M ‫ﻓﻲ‬
350M.
o The factor of safety against buoyancy ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻷﻣﺎن ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﻄﻔﻮ‬ o
may be addressed by increasing ‫ﺑﺰﻳﺎدة ﺳﻤﺎﻛﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ أو زﻳﺎدة اﻟﻌﻤﻖ أو‬
member thickness, deeper placement .‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻧﻘﺎط اﻹرﺳﺎء‬
or by anchors.
4.3.2 CATCH BASIN AND MANHOLES ‫ أﺣﻮاض اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ وﻏﺮف اﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ‬4.3.2

 General: :‫ﻋﺎم‬ 
o Catch basins are vertical flow ‫أﺣﻮاض اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻫﻲ ﻏﺮف اﻧﺴﻴﺎب أﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ o
chambers for routing water to drainage ‫ أﻣﺎ ﻏﺮف‬.‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه إﻟﻰ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
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structures. Manholes are vertical ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻏﺮف وﺻﻮل رأﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﺧﻮل أﻓﺮاد‬
access chambers for maintenance .‫اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬
personnel.
o Structures may be reinforced precast ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
concrete or reinforced cast-in-place ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ أو اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺒﻮﺑﺔ‬
concrete and can be designed as ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﺄﺷ ل داﺋﺮﻳﺔ‬
round or rectangular in shape. .‫أو ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﺔ‬
 Design Requirements: :‫ﻣﺘﻄّﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 

o Catch Basins and Manholes are ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن أﺣﻮاض اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ وﻏﺮف اﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ‬ o
required to be watertight. .‫ُﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺿﺪ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬
o Resist buoyant forces. .‫أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻄﻔﻮ‬ o
o Resist vertical Truck and/or ‫أو‬/‫أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻨﺎت و‬ o

Construction Loading and horizontal ‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ وأﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻎ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
surcharge loads when placed in vehicle .‫وﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺮم ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت‬
right-of-way.
o Design for lifting lugs and associated ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﺾ اﻟﺮﻓﻊ واﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ إذا‬ o
forces if structure is precast .‫ﻣﻦ اﻹﻧﺸﺎءات ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ن اﻟﻬﻴ‬
construction.
o Minimum interior spacing between pipe ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﺘﺤﺎت‬ o
openings shall be 150 mm. .‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬150 ‫اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻋﻦ‬
o Soil investigations are required to ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ دراﺳﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻻزﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬ o
determine the following information: :‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
 Soil and groundwater profile ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ واﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ 

 Strength parameters for natural soils ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮات اﻟﻘﻮة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ وﻣﻮاد اﻟﺮدم‬ 
and engineered fills ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
 Soil density (dry, moist, and saturated) (‫ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ )اﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ واﻟﺮﻃﺒﺔ واﻟﻤﺸّﺒﻌﺔ‬ 
 Coefficients of lateral earth pressure ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬ 
 Design Loads: :‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ 

o Rectangular Structures ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
P= Soil Weight x Active pressure Coefficient x Height × ‫ وزن اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬+ ‫ = وزن اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ × ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻨﺸﻂ × اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع‬P
+ Water Weight x Wall Height ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺠﺪار‬
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o Round Structures ‫اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o

Hoop Stress = Pressure x Diameter / (2 x Wall (‫ ﺳﻤﻚ اﻟﺠﺪار‬x 2) / ‫اﻹﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﺤﻠﻘﻲ = اﻟﻀﻐﻂ × اﻟﻘﻄﺮ‬
Thickness)
o Add Truck Loading surcharges per ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻎ ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻨﺔ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻹرﺷﺎدات‬ o
Ministry of Transportation (MOT) .‫ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬،‫وزارة اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬
guideline, when required.
4.3.3 PRE-ENGINEERED CANOPY STRUCTURES ‫ اﻟﻤﻈﻼت اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬4.3.3

 General: PECS are those that are pre- ‫ ﻣﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﺘﻈﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬:‫ﻋﺎم‬ 
manufactured for assembly on any site. While ‫ وﻓﻲ‬.‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﻨﻊ اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬
some purchase contracts provide for supply ‫ﺣﻴﻦ ﺗﺸﺘﺮط ﺑﻌﺾ ﻋﻘﻮد اﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮات اﻟﺘﻮرﻳﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﺈن‬
only, others provide for supply and installation, ‫ وﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت‬،‫ﻋﻘﻮدًا أﺧﺮى ﺗﺸﺘﺮط اﻟﺘﻮرﻳﺪ واﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬
in the appropriate situation, off-the-shelf ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺳﻬﻠﺔ‬ ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬،‫اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﺔ‬
structures may provide a readily available, cost- .‫وﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﺘ ﻔﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻟﻈﻞ‬
effective method of shade provision.
 References and Standards: :‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬ 

o Saudi Building Code SBC-301 — Loads ‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬- SBC-301 ‫ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬ o
and Force Requirements ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل واﻟﻘﻮة‬
o Saudi Building Code SBC-304 -- ‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬- SBC-304 ‫ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬ o
Concrete Structure Requirements ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
o Saudi Building Code SBC-305 – ‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬- SBC-305 ‫ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬ o
Masonry Structures Requirements ‫وﺣﺪات ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
o Saudi Building Code SBC-306 – Steel ‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬- SBC-306 ‫ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬ o
Structures Requirement ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
o American Society of Civil Engineers — - ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤ ﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﻴﻦ‬ o
ASCE 7 — Minimum Design Loads for ‫ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬- ASCE 7
o Guidelines for Shade Planning and ‫إرﺷﺎدات ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻟﻤﻈﻼت وﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬ o
Design Grounded
 Purpose: :‫اﻟﻐﺮض‬ 
o The purpose of Canopy Structures is to ‫ﺗﻬﺪف اﻟﻤﻈﻼت إﻟﻰ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﺼﻮى‬ o
provide maximum protection of the ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻬﻮر أو اﻟﻤﻌﺪات ﺿﺪ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ ﻓﻮق اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻴﺔ‬
public or equipment from UV rays and ‫ وﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﺘﻈﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة‬.‫واﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ‬
weather. PECS provide cost effective ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺣًﻼ ﻓﻌﺎًﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﺘ ﻔﺔ ﻳﺤﺴﻦ ﺟﺪوﻟﺔ‬
solution, which improves installation .‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ وﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻓّﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﺿﺪ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ‬
schedule, and provides effective
weather protection.
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 The following preliminary steps are ‫ُﻳﺴﺘﺤﺴﻦ اﺗﺒﺎع اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﻤﺒﺪﺋﻴﺔ اﻵﺗﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ إﻋﺪاد‬ 
recommended in developing a Pre-Engineered .‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻈﻼت اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬
Canopy structure design.
o Shade conceptual design ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻨﻈﺮي ﻟﻠﻤﻈﻠﺔ‬ o
o Total Installed Cost (TIC) (TIC) ‫إﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺗ ﻟﻴﻒ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬ o
o Geotechnical Design Report ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ‬ o
o Environmental design parameters and ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ واﻟﻌﻤﺮ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‬ o
design life service ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
o Approval of the GDMP/ Amanat ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻹدارة‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻤﺎد‬ o
‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
o Architectural/Landscape Architecture ‫اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺣﻴ ﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻈﻼت‬ ‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬ o
Layout of Canopy ‫ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻇﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬/‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
 Materials: Canopy materials are to be ‫ ُﺗﺤﺪد ﻣﻮاد اﻟﻤﻈﻼت وُﺗﻌﺮض ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت‬:‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ 

determined and shown on architectural layout .‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
drawings.
 Components of Canopy Structures: All ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮرد اﻟﻤﻈﻼت‬:‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻈﻼت اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬ 
superstructure components of the canopy ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻫﺰة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻔﻮﻗﻴﺔ‬
shall be designed, shipped, and installed by the :‫ﻟﻠﻤﻈﻼت وﺷﺤﻨﻬﺎ وﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻠًﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
Pre-Engineered Canopy supplier including:
o All member sizes and materials ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﺣﺠﺎم وﻣﻮاد اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ o

o Connections ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻼت‬ o
o Decking and Waterproofing ‫اﻟﺴﻘﻒ واﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻲ‬ o
o Engineering ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ o
o Certificates and Warranties ‫اﻟﺸﻬﺎدات واﻟﻀﻤﺎﻧﺎت‬ o
 Design and Construction: :‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ واﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬ 

o The A/E is responsible for supplying ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﺴﺆول ﻋﻦ‬/‫اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬ o
the following information: :‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
 Design Loads per the SBC 301 ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬ 
including with initial tensile forces for ‫ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ ﻗﻮى اﻟﺸﺪ اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬SBC 301
tensile structures and ponding over ‫ ﻓﻲ‬،‫اﻟﺸﺪ وﻣﻈﻼت أﺣﻮاض اﻟﺴﺒﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
canopies, if applicable .‫ﺣﺎل اﻧﻄﺒﺎق ذﻟﻚ‬
 Size, location and materials of .‫ﺣﺠﻢ وﻣﻮﻗﻊ وﻣﻮاد اﻟﻤﻈﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ‬ 

proposed canopy structure.
 Foundation design of proposed .‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ أﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﻈﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ‬ 
canopy structure
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o The A/E is responsible to review and ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬/‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري‬ ‫ﻳﻀﻄﻠﻊ‬ o

approve shop drawings prior to ‫ﺑﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ واﻋﺘﻤﺎد رﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬
construction, verify materials and ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒ ﻞ‬
certifications meet required .‫واﻟﺸﻬﺎدات ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬
parameters.
4.3.4 SHADE STRUCTURES ‫اﻟﺘﻈﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ ﻫﻴﺎ‬4.3.4

Shade structures shall be designed based on the ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ اﻟﺘﻈﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ‬
requirements of the proprietary shade structure ‫اﻟﺘﻈﻠﻴﻞ وﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎﻟﻜﺔ ﻟﻬﻴ‬
manufacturer, the soil parameters recommended in .‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ وﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ وﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬
the GDR, environmental design parameters and the
wind speed.
4.3.5 WATER AND WASTEWATER STRUCTURES ‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه وﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬ ‫ ﻫﻴﺎ‬4.3.5
Water and Wastewater structures are required to have ‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه وﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺘﺴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
the following characteristics: :‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
o Serviceability. ‫اﻟﺼﻼﺣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ o
o Durability. ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺎﻧﺔ‬ o
o Limited deflection ‫ﻣﺤﺪودﻳﺔ اﻹﻧﺤﺮاف‬ o
 References: :‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ‬ 
o ACI 350M, Code Requirements for ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻜﻮد ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬ACI 350M o
Environmental Engineering Concrete .‫ﻟﻠﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎت‬
Structures & Commentary.
o Rectangular Concrete Tanks, Portland ‫ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬ ،‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨّﺰاﻧﺎت‬ o

Cement Association (1994). .(‫م‬1994) ‫اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ اﻟﺒﻮرﺗﻼﻧﺪي‬
o Circular tanks without Pre-stressing, ‫ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬،‫اﻟﺨّﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﺪون إﺟﻬﺎد ﻣﺴﺒﻖ‬ o

Portland Cement Association (1993). .(‫م‬1993) ‫اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ اﻟﺒﻮرﺗﻼﻧﺪي‬
o Moments and Reactions for ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﻌﺰم وردود اﻷﻓﻌﺎل ﻟﻸﻟﻮاح‬ o

Rectangular Plates, US Bureau of ‫ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺐ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻻﺳﺘﺼﻼح‬،‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﺔ‬
Reclamation. .‫اﻷراﺿﻲ‬
 Steel Reinforcement: :‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذي‬ 

o ASTM A775 Epoxy Coated reinforcing ‫ ﻗﻀﺒﺎن اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻴﺔ‬ASTM A775 o
bars ‫ﺑﺎﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
o Minimum Concrete Cover: :‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﻄﺎء اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬ o
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 Concrete Base = 75 mm. ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬75 = ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ 

 Concrete Wall = 50 mm. ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬50 = ‫ﺟﺪار ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬ 
 Stilling Basin = 150 mm. ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬150 = ‫ﺣﻮض ﺗﻬﺪﺋﺔ‬ 
 Flotation Criteria (Flotation Stability Criteria for ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﻄﻔﻮ )ﻣﻌﻴﻴﺮ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار اﻟﻄﻔﻮ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
Concrete Hydraulic Structures, US Army COE). (COE ،‫ اﻟﺠﻴﺶ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻚ‬،‫اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
o Loading Conditions FS FS ‫ﻇﺮوف اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬ o
o Construction 1.3 1.3 ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬ o
o Normal Operation 1.5 1.5 ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﺎدي‬ o
o Extreme (max. pool) 1.1 1.1 ‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷﻗﺼﻰ‬ o
 Crack Reduction: :‫ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ اﻟﺘﺸﻘﻖ‬ 

o Reinforcement Distribution - use ‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﺑﻘﻄﺮ ﺻﻐﻴﺮ‬- ‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬ o
smaller diameter reinforcement and ‫وﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻻ ﺗﺘﺠﺎوز‬
reduce bar spacing not to exceed 300 .‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬300
mm.
o For additional requirements related to ‫أﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ o

crack reduction, refer to following ‫ ﻳﺮﺟﻰ اﻟﺮﺟﻮع إﻟﻰ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺸﻘﻘﺎت‬
standards: :‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
 ACI 207 / ACI 224 / ACI 350.4 / ACI ACI 207 / ACI 224 / ACI 350.4 / ACI 
350M 350M
 Temperature and Shrinkage Reinforcement: :‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة وﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻻْﻧﻜﻤﺎش‬ 

o Refer to ACI 350M for minimum of .‫ ﻟﻠﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬ACI 350M ‫راﺟﻊ‬ o
reinforcement requirement.
 Minimum Thickness: :‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻤﺎﻛﺔ‬ 

o As required by ACI 350M, wall with ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ‬ACI 350M ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ o
height greater than 3 m shall be a ‫ن ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﻪ‬ ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ إذا‬300 ‫ﺳﻤﺎﻛﺔ اﻟﺠﺪار ﻋﻦ‬
minimum of 300 mm thickness and ‫ أﻣﺘﺎر ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺰّود ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬3 ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
shall have reinforcement on both .‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﻦ‬
faces.
o A minimum of 200 mm is required ‫وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻏﻄﺎء ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺴﻤﺎﻛﺔ‬ o
where 50 mm concrete cover is 200 ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﺳﻤﻚ اﻟﺠﺪار ﻋﻦ‬500
desired. .‫ﻣﻠﻢ‬
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4.3.6 LIQUID RETAINING STRUCTURES ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻮاﺋﻞ‬ ‫ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬4.3.6

 General: Liquid retaining structures may :‫اﻟﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻮاﺋﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬:‫ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ 
comprise the following:
o Concrete Tanks ‫اﻟﺨّﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ o

 Buried or below ground ‫اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ أو ﺗﺤﺖ اﻷرض‬ 
 Above ground ‫ﻓﻮق ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض‬ 
o Structural Steel ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬ o
 Buried or below ground ‫اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ أو ﺗﺤﺖ اﻷرض‬ 
 Above ground ‫ﻓﻮق ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض‬ 
 Concrete tanks shall conform to the following: :‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻠﺘﺰم اﻟﺨّﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬ 
o ASCE - Design of Circular Concrete ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻴﺔ‬ASCE o
Tanks
o PCA - Circular Concrete Tanks ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻴﺔ‬PCA o
o ASCE - Considerations for Rectangular ‫ اﻋﺘﺒﺎرات ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ASCE o
Tank Design ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﺔ‬
o PCA - Rectangular Concrete Tanks ‫ اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﺔ‬PCA o
o ACI 350M ACI 350M o
 In addition, the following parameters / ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ واﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬،‫إﺿﺎﻓًﺔ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ‬ 
considerations shall be incorporated into the :‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
design:
o Minimum steel for crack control ‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﺪع‬ o
o Concrete mix design ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﺰﻳﺞ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ o
o Minimize shrinkage effect by pouring ‫اﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻻﻧﻜﻤﺎش ﺑﺼﺐ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﻦ‬ o
the sections of the work between ‫اﻷﻋﻤﺎل ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ‬
construction joints in a sequence such ‫زﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻘﻮل ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺼﺐ‬
that there will be suitable time delays .‫اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎورة‬
between adjacent pours
o Curing methodology ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ o
 Joint Sealing: :‫ﻣﻨﻊ اﻟﺘﺴﺮب ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬ 

o Provide PVC water-stops for all cast- ‫ﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ ﻓﻴﻨﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻌﺎت ﺗﺴﺮب ﻣﻦ‬ o
in-place joint interfaces. Hydrophilic, ‫ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻧﻘﺎط ﺗﻼﻗﻲ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
mastic type, water-stops shall not be ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺎﻧﻌﺎت ﺗﺴﺮب‬.‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
used. ‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع اﻟﻤﻌﺠﻮن اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺬوﺑﺎن ﻓﻲ‬
.‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬
116
o Interfaces between Precast and cast- ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻔّﺼﻞ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ o
in-place to be detailed on the design ‫اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﺟﺰاء ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ واﻷﺟﺰاء‬
drawings. .‫اﻟﻤﺼﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
o Where joint sealing is to include a ‫وﻓﻲ اﺣﺘﻮاء ﻋﺰل اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ o
primary and secondary seal, water ‫ﻋﺰل أوﻟﻲ وﺛﺎﻧﻮي ﻳﺠﺐ إﺟﺮاء اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻟﻌﺪم ﺗﺴﺮب‬
tightness test is to be completed and .‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه واﺟﺘﻴﺎزه ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮي‬
passed prior installation of secondary
seal.
 Concrete Repairs: :‫إﺻﻼﺣﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ 

o Repair all air voids, bolt holes, and ‫إﺻﻼح ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﺎت اﻟﻬﻮاﺋﻴﺔ وﻓﺘﺤﺎت‬ o
honeycombs using a suitable epoxy ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ واﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺸﺸﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
mortar applied strictly in accordance ‫ﻣﻼط اﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻢ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻘﻴﺪ اﻟﺼﺎرم‬
with manufacturer's instructions. .‫ﺑﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎت اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﺼّﻨﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻼط‬
o Repairs by bagging using cement ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺪم إﺟﺮاء أي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت إﺻﻼح ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ o
mortar, etc. shall not be permitted. A ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ‬.‫اﻟﺘﻌﺒﺌﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻼط إﺳﻤﻨﺘﻰ أو ﻏﻴﺮه‬
work method statement should be ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺑﻴﺎن ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻻﻋﻤﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
submitted to the GDMP/ Amanat for ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎده وذﻟﻚ‬/‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
approval 48 hours prior to undertaking .‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ إﺟﺮاء اﻹﺻﻼﺣﺎت‬48 ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
repairs.
o Other repair methodologies may be ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺑﻌﺾ ﻃﺮق اﻹﺻﻼح اﻷﺧﺮى‬ o
acceptable, subject to GDMP/ Amanat ‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬،‫ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ‬
approval, such as injection methods. ‫ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
.‫اﻟﺤﻘﻦ‬
 Water tightness Test: :‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻹﺣ م ﺿﺪ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬ 

o Refer to ACI 350.1 ACI 350.1 ‫راﺟﻊ‬ o
o Determine evaporation during testing ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺒﺨﺮ أﺛﻨﺎء ﻓﺘﺮة اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﺎس‬ o
period by direct measurement of ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻟﻔﺎﻗﺪ اﻟﺘﺒﺨﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪﻫﺎ‬
evaporation losses in a manner .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
approved by the GDMP/ Amanat.
 Steel tanks shall conform to the following: :‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻠﺘﺰم اﻟﺨّﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬ 
o API 650 - Welded Steel Tanks for Oil ‫ ﺧﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻮم ﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬API 650 o
Storage ‫اﻟﻨﻔﻂ‬
o AWWA M42 - Steel Water Storage ‫ اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬AWWA M42 o
Tanks ‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬
117
o Special corrosion resistant materials ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻮاد ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬ o
shall be used to protect steel tanks :‫ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺨّﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ‬
including:
 Cathodic Protection Systems. Per API- NACE RP0193 .‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‬ 
651 or NACE RP0193 External ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﺎع ﺧﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬
Cathodic Protection of on-grade .‫اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬
carbon steel tank bottoms.
 A steel tank that is coated and ‫ﺧﺰان ﻓﻮﻻذي ﻣﻄﻠﻲ وﻣﺤﻤﻲ ﺛﻮدﻳ؛ًﺎ‬ 
cathodically protected;
 A steel tank jacketed or clad with a non- ‫ﺧﺰان ﻓﻮﻻذي ﻣﻐﻠﻒ أو ﻣﻜﺴﻲ ﺑﻤﺎدة ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ 
corrodible material; ‫؛‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬
 A steel tank that is cathodically ‫ﺧﺰان ﻓﻮﻻذي ﻣﺤﻤﻲ ﺛﻮدﻳًﺎ وﻣﺒﻄﻦ؛‬ 

protected and internally-lined.
 Tank Type Descriptions: :‫وﺻﻒ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺨّﺰاﻧﺎت‬ 

o Protected Steel: Steel tank coated at ‫ ﺧﺰان ﻓﻮﻻذي ﻣﻄﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ‬:‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻲ‬ o
the factory and built with sacrificial ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻊ وﻣﺰود ﺑﺄﻗﻄﺎب ﺟﻠﻔﺎﻧﻴﺔ وﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﻓﻲ‬
(galvanic) anodes, and usually ‫اﻟﻌﺎدة ﺑﺠﻠﺐ ﻧﺎﻳﻠﻮن ﻋﺎزﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ‬
equipped with dielectric nylon .‫ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻎ اﻟﺨﺰان‬/‫ﺗﻌﺒﺌﺔ‬
bushings in the bungholes.
o Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic: While ‫ ﻋﻨﺪ‬:‫اﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺢ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎف اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ‬ o

the term Fiberglass-Reinforced Plastic ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ اﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺢ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎف‬
(FRP) is technically correct, these tanks ‫ ُﻳﺸﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎدة‬،‫( ﺑﺸ ٍ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬FRP) ‫اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ‬
are more commonly referred to as ‫إﻟﻰ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺨّﺰاﻧﺎت ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺧﺰاﻧﺎت اﻷﻟﻴﺎف‬
fiberglass tanks. .‫اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ‬
o Polyethylene-Jacketed Steel Tank: :‫اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻐﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ إﻳﺜﻠﻴﻦ‬ o

This is a double-wall tank with a steel ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻫﺬا اﻟﺨﺰان ﺑﺠﺪار ﻣﺰدوج؛ ﻓﻮﻻذي ﻣﻦ‬
inner wall and a plastic outer wall. .‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ وﺑﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺎرج‬
o Fiberglass-Jacketed Steel Tank: This is :‫اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻐﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎف اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ‬ o

a double-wall tank with a steel inner wall ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻫﺬا اﻟﺨﺰان ﺑﺠﺪار ﻣﺰدوج؛ ﻓﻮﻻذي ﻣﻦ‬
and an outer wall made of fiberglass ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ وﺟﺪار ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﺑﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
reinforced plastic material. .‫ﻣﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎف اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ‬
118
o Clad Steel Tank: this is a steel tank that ‫ ﺧﺰاﻧﺎت ﻓﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬:‫اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ o
has a thick layer of non-corrodible ‫ﻣﺰودة ﺑﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻛﺜﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎدة ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬
material such as fiberglass or urethane ‫ﻣﺜﻞ اﻷﻟﻴﺎف اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ أو اﻟﻴﻮرﻳﺜﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺔ‬
that is mechanically bonded to the ‫ﻣﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻴًﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﺰان اﻟﻔﻮﻻذي‬
outer wall of the steel tank which ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻤﻲ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﻔﻮﻻذي ﺿﺪ‬
protects the outer part of the steel wall . ‫اﻟﺘﺂ‬
from corroding.
o Steel with Impressed Current: These ‫ ﻫﺬه‬: ‫اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﺴّﻠﻂ‬ o
tanks are either: :‫اﻟﺨّﺰاﻧﺎت إﻣﺎ‬
 Bare steel tanks that have been ‫ﺧﺰاﻧﺎت ﻓﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻋﺎدﻳﺔ ﻣﺰودة ﺑﻨﻈﺎم ﺗﻴﺎر‬ 
retrofitted with an impressed current ‫ أو‬،‫ﻣﺴّﻠﻂ‬
system, or
 Protected steel tanks that had an ‫ﺧﺰاﻧﺎت ﻓﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻣﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻋﺠﺰ أﻧﻮدي ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ 
anode failure that could not be ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻪ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ أﻧﻮد ﺟﻠﻔﺎﻧﻲ أو أﻛﺜﺮ وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ‬
remedied by addition of one or more . ‫ُﺗﺰود ﺑﺘﻴﺎر ﻣﺴّﻠﻂ‬
galvanic anodes, and consequently
were retrofitted with impressed
current.
 In addition, the following parameters shall be ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ واﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬،‫إﺿﺎﻓًﺔ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ‬ 
incorporated into the wall and floor plate :‫ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﺪران وأﻟﻮاح اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬
design:
o A minimum corrosion allowance of 2 ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬2 ‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻴﺎط ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬ o

mm for all plates. .‫اﻷﻟﻮاح‬
o Design limiting stress for base bending ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺣﺪ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد ﻟﻼﻧﺤﻨﺎءات اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ‬ o
up to 0.5 x Yield Stress is considered .‫ × إﺟﻬﺎد اﻟُﺨُﻀﻮع ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻘﺒﻮًﻻ‬0.5
acceptable.
o The maximum additional horizontal ‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻼﻧﺤﺮاف اﻷﻓﻘﻲ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ o
deflection due to filling shall be the 250/‫اﻟﻤﻞء ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻷﻗﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع‬
lesser of height/250 and 20 mm. .‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬20‫و‬
o Careful handling methodologies or ‫ﻳﺠﺐ وﺿﻊ ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺎت أو إﺟﺮاءات ﻣﻨﺎوﻟﺔ دﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ o

procedures are to be developed and ‫وﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻟﻠﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ إﻟﺘﻮاء أو ﺗﺸﻮه‬
employed on-site to minimize plate .‫اﻷﻟﻮاح‬
buckling / deformation.
119
 Bolted Steel Tanks: :‫اﻟﺨّﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ‬ 

o Bolted steel tanks shall not be ‫ﻻ ُﺗﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﺨّﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ‬ o
accepted except for shorter design life .‫ ﺳﻨﺔ‬15 ‫إﻻ ﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻲ ﻗﺼﻴﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ‬
applications up to 15 years.
4.3.7 FLOW CHAMBERS ‫ ﻏﺮف ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬4.3.7

o Flow chambers route water or ‫ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻏﺮف ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬ o
wastewater. .‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه أو ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬

o Chambers are constructed from ‫ُﺗﺸﻴﺪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻐﺮف ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ o
reinforced concrete — precast .‫اﻟﻤﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ أو اﻟﻤﺼﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
concrete or cast-in-place concrete.
o For size and dimensions of chambers, ‫أﻣﺎ أﺣﺠﺎم وأﺑﻌﺎد ﻫﺬه اﻟﻐﺮف ﻓﻌﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﻤﻢ‬ o
structural designer shall coordinate ‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﺨﺼﺺ اﻟﻤﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
with mechanical discipline and obtain .‫واﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺣﺠﺎم اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬
required sizes.
o Chambers shall be designed in ACI ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻐﺮف وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ o
accordance with the requirements of .350
ACI 350.
o Chambers are required to be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻫﺬه اﻟﻐﺮف ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺿﺪ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬ o

watertight, to prevent leakage of water .‫ﻟﻤﻨﻊ أي ﺗﺴﺮب ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎه أو ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬
or wastewater.
o Access in and out of valve chambers ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺪﺧﻮل إﻟﻰ واﻟﺨﺮوج ﻣﻦ ﻏﺮف‬ o
shall be in accordance with the OSHA 1910.27 ‫اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬
requirements of OSHA 1910.27 using ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺢ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎف‬
FRP ladder and minimum 900 mm 900 ‫اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ وﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬
diameter manhole opening. .‫ﻣﻠﻢ‬
o Most Flow chambers have interior walls ‫ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻏﺮف ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺟﺪران‬ o
routing water to different sections of ‫داﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه إﻟﻰ أﻗﺴﺎم ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
the chamber. .‫اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ‬
o Therefore, Interior Walls are required to ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ُﺗﺼﻤﻢ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬،‫وﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ o

be designed for unbalanced water .‫ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﻣﻴﺎه ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻮازﻧﺔ‬
levels.
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o Exterior walls are to be designed for ‫أﻣﺎ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻓُﺘﺼﻤﻢ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬ o
interior water /wastewater levels. .‫ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬/‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎه‬
o Similar forces to catch basins and ‫وﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻗﻮى أﺣﻮاض اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ وﻏﺮف‬ o
manholes apply to valve chambers. .‫اﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮف اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬
 Soil Surcharge (assume saturated) (‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻷرﺿﻲ )ﺑﺎﻓﺘﺮاض اﻟﺘﺸﺒﻊ‬ 

 Hydrostatic pressure (assume ‫)ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ 
based on finished grade level) ‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﻓﺘﺮاض‬
(‫اﻟﻤﺸﻄﺐ‬
 Buoyancy ‫اﻟﻄﻔﻮ‬ 
 Truck Loading as per MOT ‫ﺣﻤﻮﻟﺔ اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻨﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت وزارة‬ 
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬
4.3.8 VALVE CHAMBERS ‫ ﻏﺮف اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬4.3.8

o Valve Chambers house buried high ‫ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻏﺮف اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت ﺑﻮاﺑﺎت وﺻﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬ o
pressure utility control gates and ‫ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
valves such as water mains or sanitary ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ أو أدوات‬
sewer control housing. .‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬

o Chambers are constructed from ‫ُﺗﺸﻴﺪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻐﺮف ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ o
reinforced cast-in—place concrete or .‫اﻟﻤﺼﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ أو اﻟﻤﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬
precast concrete.
o For size and dimensions of chambers, ‫أﻣﺎ أﺣﺠﺎم وأﺑﻌﺎد ﻫﺬه اﻟﻐﺮف ﻓﻌﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﻤﻢ‬ o
structural designer shall coordinate ‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﺨﺼﺺ اﻟﻤﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬
with mechanical discipline and obtain .‫واﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺣﺠﺎم اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬
required sizes.
o Chambers shall be designed in ACI ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻐﺮف وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ o
accordance with requirements of ACI .350
350.
o Chambers are required to be ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻫﺬه اﻟﻐﺮف ُﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺿﺪ‬ o
watertight. .‫ﺗﺴﺮﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬
o Access in and out of the valve ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺪﺧﻮل إﻟﻰ واﻟﺨﺮوج ﻣﻦ ﻏﺮف‬ o
chambers to be in accordance with the OSHA 1910.27 ‫اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬
requirements of OSHA 1910.27 using ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺳﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺢ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎف‬
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FRP ladder and minimum 900 mm 900 ‫اﻟﺰﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ وﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬
diameter manhole opening. .‫ﻣﻠﻢ‬
o Gate valves and bends in pressure pipe ‫ﺗﺆدي اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﻮاﺑﻴﺔ وأﻛﻮاع أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ o
result in large reaction loads ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ إﻟﻰ أﺣﻤﺎل رد ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺪران‬
superimposed on the chamber walls, ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬.‫ﻴﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ أو أرﺿﻴﺘﻬﺎ أو‬
floor, or both. Pipe supports and ‫دﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ واﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺎت ذات اﻟﺼﻠﺔ‬
associated attachments must be .‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻘﻮى‬
designed to resist these forces.
o Concrete chamber walls, floors, and ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺟﺪران وأرﺿﻴﺎت وﺳﻘﻒ اﻟﻐﺮف‬ o
roof must be designed for pipe thrust .‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ ﻗﻮى دﻓﻊ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬
reaction forces.
o Recommend incoming pressure pipe ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺴﻦ ﺗﺪﻋﻴﻢ أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﺔ‬ o

to be supported on interior of chamber ‫ﺑﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت ﺧﺎرج اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﺪًﻻ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
instead of on perimeter walls to ‫ﺟﺪران ﻣﺤﻴﻂ اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﻌًﺎ دﺧﻮل اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬
prevent chamber water penetration .‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ أو إﺗﻼف اﻟﺠﺪران‬
and wall damage.
o Where environment around chamber is ‫ﻧﺖ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺔ وﻻ‬ ‫إذا‬ o
unknown and surcharge loads cannot ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻎ ﻳﺆﺧﺬ ﺣﺪ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻎ‬
be established, a minimum surcharge ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺟﺪران‬2‫م‬/‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬15 ‫أدﻧﻰ‬
of 15 kN/m2 shall be considered in the .‫اﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ‬
design of chamber walls.
o Similar forces to catch basins and ‫وﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻗﻮى أﺣﻮاض اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ وﻏﺮف‬ o
manholes apply to valve chambers. .‫اﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮف اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬
 Soil Surcharge (assume saturated) (‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻷرﺿﻲ )ﺑﺎﻓﺘﺮاض اﻟﺘﺸﺒﻊ‬ 

 Hydrostatic pressure (assume based ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ )ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻻﻓﺘﺮاض‬ 
on finished grade) (‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﺸﻄﺐ‬
 Buoyancy ‫اﻟﻄﻔﻮ‬ 
 Truck Loading as per MOT ‫ﺣﻤﻮﻟﺔ اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻨﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت وزارة اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ 
 Interior water forces do not apply - ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻈﻞ‬- ‫ﻻ ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻗﻮى اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬ 
Valve Chambers are required to remain .‫ﻏﺮف اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺿﺪ ﺗﺴﺮب اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬
watertight.
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4.3.9 THRUST BLOCKS ‫ ﻛﺘﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻧﺪة‬4.3.9

o When thrust blocks are required at ‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻛﺘﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻧﺪة ﻋﻨﺪ‬ o
tees, elbows, wyes, caps, valves, ‫وﺻﻼت اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻊ واﻷﻛﻮاع واﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻼت اﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ‬
hydrants, reducers, and caps, etc. they ‫واﻷﻏﻄﻴﺔ واﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت واﻟﺼﻨﺎﺑﻴﺮ ووﺻﻼت‬
should be designed and constructed ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻐﻴﺮ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ وإﻧﺸﺎؤﻫﺎ‬
per the requirements of this .‫وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬
subsection.
o Inertial thrust forces act during the :‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻗﻮى اﻟﻘﺼﻮر اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ o
following situations:
 Change in fluid velocity ‫ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬ 

 Change in pipe size ‫ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ اﻷﻧﺒﻮب‬ 
 Change in pipeline direction ‫ﺗﻐﻴﺮ اﺗﺠﺎه ﺧﻂ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ 
 Connection at different pipe types and ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ 
connection diameters. .‫وأﻗﻄﺎر اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻼت‬
FIGURE 4.1.A depicts the net thrust force at various .‫( ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﻗﻮة اﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻹﻋﺪادات‬1-4) ‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺸ‬
configurations. In each case the expression for T can ‫( ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻘﻮى‬T) ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﻼص‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬
be derived by the vector addition of the axial forces. .‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮرﻳﺔ‬

o For pipe diameter larger than 300mm ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ذات اﻟﻘﻄﺮ اﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ o
shall be designed in accordance with ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺪرﺟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه‬300
requirements listed herein. For pipe 300 ‫ أﻣﺎ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺴﺎوي ﻗﻄﺮﻫﺎ‬.‫اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ‬
diameter equal or less than 300mm ‫ﻣﻠﻢ أو ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺣﺠﻢ‬
thrust block size shall be in accordance ‫اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻧﺪة وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
to industry standards. .‫اﻟُﻤﻄّﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬
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o Internal design pressures and test ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﻤﻢ ﺧﻂ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ o
pressure shall be specified by the .‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻲ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ وﺿﻐﻂ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
designer of the pipeline.
o Locate the thrust block such that its ‫ﻳﺠﺐ وﺿﻊ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻧﺪة ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻻ‬ o
passive pressure zone of influence ‫ﻳﺘﻌﺪى ﻧﻄﺎق ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺿﻐﻄﻬﺎ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬
does not affect other utilities or ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺪم وﺿﻊ ﻛﺘﻞ‬.‫اﻷﺧﺮى‬ ‫أو اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
structures. Thrust blocks should not be ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻧﺪة ﻗﺮﻳﺒًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻌًﺎ ﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ‬
placed in close proximity to each other .‫ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬
to prevent overlap of passive pressure
soil zones.
o Provide a minimum soil cover of 600 ‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺗﺮاﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﺘﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻧﺪة ﻻ‬ o
mm over all thrust blocks. For pipelines ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬.‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﻓﻮق اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬600 ‫ﺗﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬
under roadway right-of-way, provide a ‫ﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ أﺣﺮام اﻟﻄﺮق ﻳﺠﺐ‬
minimum 90 mm soil over thrust block. ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﻓﻮق اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬90 ‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬
.‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
o Elevation of groundwater table must be ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ‬ o
below the bottom of the block for ‫ﻗﻌﺮ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﻛﻮاع اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ أو‬
upper vertical bends or the invert of the ‫اﻟﺮاﺳﻢ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻟﻸﻧﺒﻮب ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻜﺘﻞ‬
pipe for all other blocks. If the actual ‫ وإذا ن ﺣﻮض اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ‬.‫اﻷﺧﺮى‬
groundwater table is higher than the ‫أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬
above, then evaluate the standard ‫ﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﻐﻤﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء ﻣﻊ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ أﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن‬
block size for submerged conditions .‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﻣﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬
and note that a special design block
may be required.
o There are two possibilities for design of .‫وﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺧﻴﺎران ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻛﺘﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻧﺪة‬ o
the thrust block. The first design allows ‫ﻳﺴﻤﺢ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷول ﺑﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻃﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬
for small movement of the thrust block ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻻ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
and the second does not allow for such ‫ وﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺼﻤﻢ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺧﻂ‬.‫ﺑﻤﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬
movement. The designer of the ‫اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺨﻴﺎرﻳﻦ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ‬
pipeline system shall decide between ‫اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ ﻛﺘﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
the two possibilities based on the ‫ ﺗﺘﻌﺮض ﻛﺘﻞ‬.‫اﻟﺴﺎﻧﺪة ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬
assumptions made at the thrust block ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻧﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
location in the pipeline analysis. Thrust ‫ ﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻃﻔﻴﻔﺔ‬،‫ ﺑﺼﻮرٍة ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬،‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬
blocks which rely on lateral resistance ‫ وﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴٍﺔ‬.‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﻄﻮر ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬
of the soil will generally undergo small ‫أﺧﺮى ﻓﺈن ﻛﺘﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻧﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬
movement before passive soil ،‫ ﺑﺼﻮرٍة ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬،‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮى اﺣﺘ ك اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺗﻄﻮر‬
resistance is developed. On the other .‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺗﺮﺑﺔ اﺣﺘ ﻛﻴﺔ دون أي اﻧﺰﻻق أو ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬
hand, thrust blocks which rely on soil ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻛﺘﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻧﺪة ﻣﻊ أﺧﺬ‬
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frictional force will generally develop ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ أو اﻻﺣﺘ ﻛﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
frictional soil resistance practically .‫اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر وﻟﻴﺲ ﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻌًﺎ ﺑﺄي ﺣﺎل‬
without any slippage or movement.
Thrust blocks shall be designed
considering either lateral or frictional
soil resistance, and never both of them
together.
o For thrust blocks designed to rely on ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻜﺘﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻧﺪة اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪة‬ o
lateral soil resistance, soil investigation ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
is required to determine the following ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
information: :‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
 Soil and groundwater profile ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ واﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ 

 Strength parameters for natural and ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮات اﻟﻘﻮة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ وﻣﻮاد اﻟﺮدم‬ 
engineered fills ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
 Soil Classification ‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ 
 Soil density (dry, moist and saturated) (‫ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ )اﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ واﻟﺮﻃﺒﺔ واﻟﻤﺸّﺒﻌﺔ‬ 
 Coefficients of lateral pressure ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬ 
 Depending on the lateral soil pressure assumed ‫ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻐﻂ‬،‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬/‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬ 
in the design (full passive or fraction of it), the ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺮض ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ )اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ اﻟ ﻣﻞ أو‬
A/E shall include the displacement associated ‫ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ اﻹﺣﻼل اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬،(‫ﻛﺴﺮ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
with the assumed soil pressure in the analysis .‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺮض ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺧﻂ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬
of the pipeline.
 This design follows the NFPA 24 Code and is ‫ وُﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﺸ ٍ ﻋﺎم‬NFPA 24 ‫ﻳّﺘﺒﻊ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻛﻮد‬ 
commonly used for thrust blocks associated ‫ﻟﻜﺘﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻧﺪة اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﺻﻐﻴﺮة اﻟﻘﻄﺮ‬
with small diameter pipes commonly used in .‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻛﺜﻴﺮًا ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ‬
residential and commercial areas.
o General considerations and earth ‫اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ وﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎت ﺿﻐﻂ اﻷرض اﻟﺘﻲ‬ o
pressure theories to be used when .‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻛﺘﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻧﺪة‬
designing thrust blocks.
 Horizontal bends, reducers, tees, ‫ وﺻﻼت‬،‫ وﺻﻼت اﻟﺘﺼﻐﻴﺮ‬،‫اﻷﻛﻮاع اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ 

TS&V, TA&V, plugs and caps. ،(TS&V - TA&V) ‫ ﺟﻠﺒﺔ ﻣﺄﺧﺬ وﺻﻤﺎم‬،‫اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻊ‬
.‫اﻟﺴﺪادات واﻷﻏﻄﻴﺔ‬
 Design horizontal bends, reducers, ،‫ وﺻﻼت اﻟﺘﺼﻐﻴﺮ‬،‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷﻛﻮاع اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ 

tees, TS&V, TA&V, plugs and caps TS&V - ) ‫ ﺟﻠﺒﺔ ﻣﺄﺧﺬ وﺻﻤﺎم‬،‫وﺻﻼت اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻊ‬
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using the appropriate earth pressure ‫ واﻷﻏﻄﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎت ﺿﻐﻂ‬،(TA&V

theories and state the specific ‫اﻷرض اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ إن‬
references if used in the design .‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
calculations.
 For blocks in cohesive soils, evaluate ‫اﻟﻜﺘﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺎﺳﻜﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬ 
the soil resistance in terms of short and ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﻮى اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻗﺼﻴﺮة‬
long term shear strengths and use the ‫وﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ اﻷﻣﺪ واﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻷﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
lowest resistance between the two for .‫اﻻﺛﻨﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
the design.
 Calculated net soil resistance for the ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ اﻟﺼﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ 
block is to be at least 1.5 times the 1.2‫ ﻣﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮة دﻓﻊ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ و‬1.5 ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ‬
design pressure thrust force and 1.2 .‫ﻣﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮة ﺿﻐﻂ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
for the test pressure force.
 Upper vertical bends: Design the thrust ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻛﺘﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬:‫اﻷﻛﻮاع اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ 
blocks for upper vertical bends such ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻧﺪة ﻟﻸﻛﻮاع اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮن‬
that the sum of the effective weight of ‫إﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻮزن اﻟﻔﻌﺎل ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ واﻷﻛﻮاع‬
the concrete, bend and fluid is equal to ‫واﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﺴﺎوﻳًﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻮة‬
or greater than the vertical component .‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﻧﺪة أو أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
of the design thrust force.
 Lower vertical bends: Design the ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻛﺘﻞ‬:‫اﻷﻛﻮاع اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ 

thrust blocks for lower vertical bends ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻧﺪة ﻟﻸﻛﻮاع اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬
such that the contact pressure at the ‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺘﻤﺎس ﻋﻨﺪ أﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬
bottom of the block is within the .‫ﺿﻤﻦ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻬﺎ‬
allowable soil bearing capacity.
o Earth bearing surface of thrust block ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺻﺐ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻞ إﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﺑﺔ‬ o
shall be cast against either undisturbed .‫ردم‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ أو ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴ‬
soil or structural fill.
o Concrete strength of thrust block 25 ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻗﻮة ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻏﻼف اﻟﻜﺘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬ o
encasement shall be no less than 25 .‫ﻣﻴﺠﺎ ﺑﺎﺳ ل‬
MPa.
o Thrust blocks shall generally be ‫وﺑﺼﻮرٍة ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ إﻋﺪاد ﻛﺘﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ o
configured similar to those shown in ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮرة‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻧﺪة‬
the standard details. A rectangular ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام واﺟﻬﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
shaped front face shall be used for the ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﻞ ﻟﻸﻛﻮاع اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ووﺻﻼت‬
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blocks for horizontal bends, reducers, ‫واﻟﺴﺪادات‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ووﺻﻼت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻐﻴﺮ‬

tees, plugs and caps if possible. The ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻖ‬.‫ ﻣﺎ أﻣﻜﻦ‬،‫واﻷﻏﻄﻴﺔ‬
reasonable range of depth to width ‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﺮض اﻟﻤﻌﻘﻮﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﻮاﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
ratio for the rectangular face shall be .3‫ و‬1
between 1 and 3.
4.3.10 MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT SUPPORT ‫إﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﻤﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﻫﻴﺎ‬4.3.10

STRUCTURES
 General: This section includes design ‫ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻟﻤﺎ‬:‫ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ 
requirements for the following: :‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬
o Static Equipment Support Structure ‫إﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ o
including Foundation ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬
o Dynamic Equipment Support Structure ‫إﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ o
including Foundation ‫ذﻟﻚ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬
o Pipe Supports ‫دﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ o
 References: :‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ‬ 
o ACI 351.1R - Grouting Between ‫ اﻟﻤﻼط ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت واﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ACI 351.1R o
Foundations and Bases for Support of .‫ﻟﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات واﻵﻟﻴﺎت‬
Equipment
o ACI 351.2R - Foundations for Static .‫ أﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬ACI 351.2R o

Equipment
o ACI 351.3R - Foundations for Dynamic .‫ أﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ACI 351.3R o

Equipment
 Static Equipment Foundation: :‫أﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬ 

o Static Equipment Foundations shall be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ أﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ وﻓﻘًﺎ‬ o
designed in accordance with the ‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻛ ﻮد‬ ‫ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬
provisions of the SBC and the following :‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬/‫واﻷﻛﻮاد‬
Codes/Standards:
o ACI 351.2R - Foundations for Static .‫ أﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬ACI 351.2R o

Equipment.
o ASCE-7 ASCE 7 o
 Dynamic Equipment Foundation ‫أﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ 
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o Dynamic Equipment Foundations shall ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ أﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ o

be designed in accordance with the ‫وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬
provisions of the SBC and the following :‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬/‫واﻷﻛﻮاد‬
Codes/Standards:
 ACI 351.3R - Foundations for Dynamic .‫ أﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ACI 351.3R 

Equipment
 ASCE-7 ASCE -7 
o Foundations for vibrating machinery ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺰل أﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻬﺘﺰ ﻣﻦ‬ o
shall be isolated from adjacent ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺗﻤﺪد أو‬
foundations via expansion joints or ‫أي أﻧﻈﻤﺔ أﺧﺮى ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻟ‬
other systems which allow .‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬
independent system movement.
 Pipe Support Systems: :‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ دﻋﻢ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ 

o Pipe support systems shall be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ دﻋﻢ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﺎ‬ o
designed in accordance with the :‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬
following:
 SBC-301 SBC-301 
 ASCE-7 ASCE -7 
o Structural Engineer shall collect ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﻦ‬ o
information from pipe stress analysis ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ إﺟﻬﺎد اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺠﺮﻳﻪ أﻃﺮاف أﺧﺮى‬
performed by others for all pipe ‫ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ دﻋﻢ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ‬
support systems including thermal ‫اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ وﻗﻮى اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ وﻗﻮى ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ‬
forces, gravity forces, and pressure .‫أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
piping forces.
o Pipe supports shall be provided based ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ دﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎس ردود‬ o
on the pipe stress analysis reactions. .‫أﻓﻌﺎل ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ إْﺟَﻬﺎد اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬
o Pipe Support Analysis shall include the ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ دﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ‬ o
following: :‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬
 Guide Pipe Supports ‫دﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ‬ 
 Hanger Pipe Supports ‫دﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ 
 Feed Pipe Supports ‫دﻋﺎﻣﺎت أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ‬ 
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4.3.11 PIPELINE CORRIDOR STRUCTURES ‫ﻣﻤﺮات اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ ‫ ﻫﻴﺎ‬4.3.11

o Introduction ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ o
 This section establishes minimum ‫ﻳﺤﺪد ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ 
safety requirements for existing and ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ ‫دﻋﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬
new pipeline support structures for the ‫واﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﻟﻤﻤﺮات اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻺدارة‬
pipeline corridors under the jurisdiction .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
of the GDMP/ Amanat.
 Review of submittals for design and ‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎت ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬ 
installation of pipeline support ‫دﻋﻢ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻤﺮات اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬
structures in the pipeline corridors ‫اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى‬
requires coordination with other ‫ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬،‫)وﺑﺸ ٍ رﺋﻴﺴﻲ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬
disciplines' designs (mainly, Civil, .(‫اﻟﻤﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ واﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
Mechanical, and Electrical design).
 Applicability ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ 

o This section is applicable to the :‫ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ o
following area of jurisdiction:
 Pipeline assets operated by Industries ‫أﺻﻮل اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻐﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎت ﻓﻲ‬ 
in the pipeline corridors. .‫ﻣﻤﺮات اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬
 Pipeline systems that transport ‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﻘﻞ ﺳﻮاﺋﻞ‬ 
hazardous liquids, petrochemicals and .‫ﺧﻄﺮة وﺑﺘﺮوﻛﻴﻤﺎوﻳﺎت وﻏﺎزات‬
gases.
o This section does not apply to the ‫ﻻ ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮاﻓﻖ ﺧﻄﻮط‬ o
following pipeline facilities: :‫اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
 In-plant piping systems as defined in ‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻧﻊ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻣﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ‬ 
the Pipeline Corridors (PLC) and Utility ‫( وﻣﻤﺮات‬PLC) ‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻣﻤﺮات ﺧﻄﻮط اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬
Corridors (UC) Regulations .(UC) ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬
 Pipelines outside the limits of the ‫ﺧﻄﻮط اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﺧﺎرج ﺣﺪود ﻣﻤﺮات‬ 
Pipelines and Utility Corridors .‫اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ واﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬
 Pipelines that have been exempted by ‫ﺧﻄﻮط اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺜﻨﻴﻬﺎ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ 
the GDMP/ Amanat .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
 Pipeline Support Structures ‫دﻋﻢ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 

o Structural Supports .‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ o
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 A/E shall always remain responsible for ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﺴﺆوًﻻ‬/‫ﻳﻈﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬ 
ensuring that their designs and ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪوام ﻋﻦ اﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎء ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎﺗﻪ وإﻧﺸﺎءاﺗﻪ‬
construction conform to their ‫ﻻﻟﺘﺰاﻣﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻗﺪﻳﺔ واﻟﺘﻘﻴﺪ ﺑﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬
contractual obligations and all ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن‬.‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺴﺎرﻳﺔ‬/‫واﻷﻛﻮاد‬
applicable regulations, Codes, and ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ دﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ وﺣﻮاﻣﻞ‬
Standards. The design of pipe ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬ ‫اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ وﻋﺎرﺿﺎت اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ وﻫﻴﺎ‬
supports, pipe racks, pipe sleepers, ‫دﻋﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ وﺣﻠﻘﺎت اﻟﺘﻤﺪد وﻫﻴﺎ‬
cross access structures, expansion ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻌﺎت وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻣﻼت اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت‬
loops, intersection support structures, ‫وﻧﻘﺎط اﻹرﺳﺎء واﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻮاﻓﻘًﺎ‬
foundations, and other related .‫ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎرف ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺠﺎل‬
supports carrying, anchoring, and
guiding pipes shall be made to
acceptable industry Standards.
 Horizontal expansion loops may be ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺣﻠﻘﺎت اﻟﺘﻤﺪد اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ 
used in the areas where such loops ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﻠﻘﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه ﻓﻲ‬
currently exist and where there is ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺮاﻫﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
sufficient space in accordance with the ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻤﺎح‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎرﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬ ‫وﻓﻘًﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴ ﺔ‬
applicable standards to allow their use ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻤﺪدات‬ ‫اﻹﺿﺮار‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ‬
without harming future expansion; ‫ وإﻻ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻧﻈﺎم ﺣﻠﻘﺎت‬،‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬
otherwise, vertical expansion loop ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺪد اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ ﻓﻲ‬
systems shall be adopted by all .‫ﻣﻤﺮات ﺧﻄﻮط اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ وﻣﻤﺮات اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬
projects throughout Pipeline Corridors
and Utility Corridors.
 The piping manufacturer is responsible ‫اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟُﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ ﻟﻸﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ‬ 

for providing its own anchors that are ‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻧﻘﺎط اﻹرﺳﺎء اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ‬
required based on their own analysis of ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟُﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ ﻟﻈﺮوف اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ‬
load conditions on the pipeline. ‫ ﻻ ُﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ أي ﻧﻘﺎط إرﺳﺎء ﻷي‬.‫اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬
Anchors are not allowed to be added to ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻺدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬
any existing GDMP/ Amanat structure. .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
 All Pipe Supports shall be designed and ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺑﻨﺎء ﺟﻤﻴﻊ دﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ 
constructed to resist stresses ‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻀﻐﻮط اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬
produced by load combinations in ‫ وﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬SBC 2007 ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل وﻓًﻘﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
accordance with the SBC 2007 and the .‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
requirements of this section.
 Any new structure or extension of an ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ أو اﻣﺘﺪاد ﻟﻬﻴ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ أي ﻫﻴ‬ 
existing structure (except for a ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻢ )ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن‬
cantilevered member that can
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accommodate only one pipe) must be ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻋﺐ أﻧﺒﻮب واﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ( ﻟ ل ﺣﻤﻞ اﻷﻧﺒﻮب‬
designed for full pipe load of 5 kN/m2. .2‫م‬/‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬5 ‫اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺎوي‬
 Design Loads and Load Combinations ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ وﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬ 
Symbols and Notations ‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز واﻹﺷﺎرات‬

D = Dead load, including load of empty piping and ‫ = اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ ﺷﺎﻣًﻼ ﺣﻤﻞ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺎرﻏﺔ واﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬D
equipment
E = Seismic load effect, which shall include both Eh ‫ و‬Eh ‫ واﻟﺬي ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ًﺎ ﻣﻦ‬، ‫ = ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻲ‬E
and Ev with Ev
p = 1.0 for SDC = B TBD SDC = B TBD ‫ ﻟـ‬1.0 ‫= ﻣﻊ‬P

F = Load due to fluids in piping and equipment at ‫ = اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺴﻮاﺋﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ واﻟﻤﻌﺪات ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬F
hydro-test conditions ‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻲ‬
H = Load due to lateral earth and groundwater ‫ = اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻟﻸرض واﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬H
pressures
L = Live load due to occupancy; uniform, ‫ = اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻹﺷﻐﺎل ؛ ﻣﻮﺣﺪ وﻣﺮّﻛﺰ وﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬L
concentrated, impact and vibratory ‫واﻫﺘﺰازي‬
T = Self-restraining force; thermal expansion and ‫ = ﻗﻮة اﻟﻀﺒﻂ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ؛ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد واﻻﻧﻜﻤﺎش اﻟﺤﺮاري‬T
contraction; and friction ‫واﻻﺣﺘ ك‬
W = Wind load ‫ = ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬W

o Load Combinations for Factored Loads ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ o
Using Strength Design ‫اﻟﻘﻮة‬
1.4 (D + F) (D + F) 1.4
1.2 (D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) (D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) 1.2
1.2 (D + F) + 1.6W + 0.5L D + F) + 1.6W + 0.5L) 1.2
(1.2 + 0.2 SDS) (D + F) + 1.0E + .05L SDS) (D + F) + 1.0E + .05L 0.2 + 1.2)
0.9D + 1.6W + 1.6H D + 1.6W + 1.6H0.9
(0.9 - 0.2SDS) D + 1.0E + 1.6H SDS) D + 1.0E + 1.6H0.2 - 0.9)
o Load Combinations for Nominal Loads ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻻﺳﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ o
Using Allowable Stress Design ‫اﻹﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻪ‬
D+F D+F
D+H+F+L+T D+H+F+L+T
D+H+F+W D+H+F+W
(1.0 + 0.14SDS) (D + F) + H + 0.7E SDS) (D + F) + H + 0.7E0.14 + 1.0)
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D + H + F + 0.75W + 0.75L D + H + F + 0.75W + 0.75L

(1.0 + 0.105SDS) (D + F) + H + 0.75 (0.7) SDS) (D + F) + H + 0.75 0.105 + 1.0)
E + 0.75L (0.7) E + 0.75L
0.6D + W + H D + W + H0.6
(0.6 - 0.14SDS) D + 0.7E + H SDS) D + 0.7E + H0.14 - 0.6)
o Exceptions to Factored and Nominal ‫اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎءات ﻣﻦ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻟﺔ‬ o

Load Combinations ‫واﻻﺳﻤﻴﺔ‬
 Where lateral earth pressure provides ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ن ﺿﻐﻂ اﻷرض اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻳﺸ‬ ‫إذا‬ 
resistance to structural actions from ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺮ ت اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻷﺧﺮى ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬
other forces, it shall not be included in ‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ‬H ‫ﻋﺪم ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
H but shall be included in the design ‫ إﻟﻰ‬H ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ إﻋﺎدة ﺿﺒﻂ‬.‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬
resistance. H shall be set to zero if the H ‫ﻧﺖ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺮ إذا‬
structural action due to H counteracts .‫ﺗﻔﻮق اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺎﻻت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻷﺧﺮى‬
that due to the other load cases.
 Effects of one or more loads not acting ‫وﺗﺠﺐ دراﺳﺔ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮات واﺣﺪ أو أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬ 
in whole or in part shall be investigated. ‫ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ذﻟﻚ أﺣﻤﺎل‬.‫ﻴًﺎ أو ﺟﺰﺋﻴًﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
This includes patterning transient ‫اﻷﻧﻤﺎط اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺄﻃﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
loads in continuous and cantilever .‫واﻟ ﺑﻮﻟﻲ‬
framing.
 Increases in allowable stress shall not ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺰﻳﺎدات ﻓﻲ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬ 
be used with the load combinations ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﻣﻊ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة‬
given for Allowable Stress Design. .‫ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻪ‬
 E and W are permitted to be applied ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ‬W ‫ و‬E ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ 
independently in each of two ‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺗﺠﺎﻫﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪﻳﻦ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺠﺎﻫﻞ‬
orthogonal directions and orthogonal .‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ‬
interaction effects are permitted to be
neglected.
 Minus E and minus W directions shall W ‫ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ وﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬E ‫وﺗﺠﺐ دراﺳﺔ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ 
be investigated. .‫اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬
o Stability against Overturning, Uplift, ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﻘﻼب واﻟﺪﻓﻊ واﻻﻧﺰﻻق‬ o

Sliding, and Buoyancy ‫واﻟﻄﻔﻮ‬
 Stability analysis shall demonstrate the ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻗﺪرة اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
ability of the structures to resist ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻﻧﻘﻼب واﻟﺪﻓﻊ واﻻﻧﺰﻻق‬
132
overturning, uplift, sliding, and ‫واﻟﻄﻔﻮ واﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز ﻗﻴﻢ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح‬
buoyancy, and that the allowable soil ‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬.‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬
bearing values are not exceeded. ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻹرﺳﺎءات اﻟﻤﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
Stability shall be provided solely by ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ‬، ‫ وﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻷﻣﺎن‬.‫اﻟﺪاﺋﻤ ﺔ‬
dead load plus permanent mechanical ‫اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎط ﻟﻺزاﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
anchorages. In determining the safety .(‫ وﻣﺎ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ‬، ‫ واﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺔ‬، ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ )ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬
factors, allowance shall be made for
the potential removal of resisting dead
loads (i.e., excavation, erosion, etc.).
 Retaining wall sliding resistance shall ‫ﻳﺠﺐ إﻋﺪاد ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻧﺰﻻق اﻟﺠﺪران اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ‬ 
be developed by friction (and passive (‫ﺑﺎﻻﺣﺘ ك )وﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﻟﺰم‬
soil pressure where necessary) utilizing ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬
particularly detailed shear keys to ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻﺣﺘ ك ﺗﺤﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻋﺰل‬
engage the friction-resistance plane .‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه واﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬
below the plane of the waterproofing
and protection.
o Deflections ‫اﻻﻧﺤﺮاﻓﺎت‬ o
 The maximum allowable vertical ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻼﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺮأﺳﻲ‬ 
deflection of Pipe Supports ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻪ ﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد ﻣﻦ‬
determined from ASD Load ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼت أﺣﻤﺎل ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح‬
Combinations shall be L/400 (where L ‫ ﻫﻲ ﻃﻮل اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺔ( ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء‬L ‫ )ﺣﻴﺚ‬L/400
is the beam length), except L/600 shall ‫ ﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬L/600 ‫أﻧﻪ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
be used for pipe supports for fixed ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ وأﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻌﺮض‬
service equipment and high .‫ﻟﺪرﺟﺎت ﺣﺮارة ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ أو ﺿﻐﻂ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬
temperature or pressure piping.
 Acceptable deflection shall also ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺄﺧﺬ اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮل أﻳﻀًﺎ ﻓﻲ‬ 
consider the parameters used in the ‫اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
design of the piping and the pipe ‫ اﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ‬.‫ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪات اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ودﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬
supports. Coordination between the ‫وﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪات اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
structure design and piping design is .‫ﺑﺎﻟﻎ اﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬
critical.
‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ o
o Materials
 All materials shall conform to the ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻮاد ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬ 
specifications and material .‫وﺗﺴﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ‬
designations as listed herein.
 All steel materials shall be new. .‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‬ 
133
 AE should follow Saudi Arabian ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ اﻟﺘﻘﻴﺪ‬/‫وﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬ 

Standards Organization (SASO), as ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
applicable. .‫ ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ‬،‫واﻟﻤﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ‬
 Design calculations shall conform to ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 

the GDMP/ Amanat’s requirements ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻹدارة‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬
stipulated in this manual, without ‫ دون أي‬،‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
exceptions. .‫اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء‬
o Concrete Design ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ o

 All concrete Pipe Support elements ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ‬ 
shall be designed in accordance with ‫ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ‬ACI 318 ‫اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
ACI 318 with load factors and ‫وﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬
combinations given in this guideline. .‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻲ‬
 Concrete formwork, constituents, ‫واﻟﻨﺴﺐ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻟﺐ‬ 

proportions, and maximum water- ‫وأﻗﺼﻰ ﻧﺴﺐ ﻟﻠﻤﺎء واﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن‬
cement ratios shall be in accordance .‫وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬
with the specifications.
 Reinforcing steel shall be fusion ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻴًﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻓ ﻮﻻذ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻳﺠ ﺐ‬ 
bonded epoxy-coated (FBEC) in ASTM ‫( وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬FBEC) ‫ﺑﺎﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
accordance with ASTM A775M and .‫ واﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬A775M
specifications.
 The concrete cover for reinforcing bars ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺒﻌﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬ 
shall be 75 mm. .‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬75 ‫ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
 The height of pipe support foundations ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ارﺗﻔﺎع أﺳﺎس دﻋﺎﻣﺎت‬ 
above adjacent, finished grade shall be 300 ‫اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻓﻮق اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﺠﺎور اﻟﻤﺸﻄﺐ‬
300 mm minimum. .‫ﻣﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ‬
 Pipe support drawings shall explicitly ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻷﺳﺎس اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻮﺿﺢ‬ 
show and specify the foundation ‫وﺗﺤﺪد‬ ،‫ ﺻﺮاﺣًﺔ‬،‫رﺳﻮﻣﺎت دﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬
waterproofing and protection, blinding ،‫ﻣﺎﻧﻊ اﻟﺘﺴﺮب واﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ واﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻮاﻗﻴﺔ‬
slab, sand-cement screed, chamfers, ،‫ اﻟﻠﻮﻳﺤﺎت‬،‫ اﻟﺤﻮاف اﻟﻤﺸﻄﻮﻓﺔ‬،‫اﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔ‬
fillets, reglets, counterflashing, coal tar ‫ اﻟﻄﻼء‬،‫ اﻟﺘﺼﻔﻴﺢ اﻟُﻤﻨﺎﻇﺮ‬،‫اﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬
epoxy coating, concrete class, ،‫ ﻓﺌﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬،‫ﺑﺈﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﺮان اﻟﻔﺤﻤﻲ‬
concrete mix design, cementitious ‫ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺘﻴﺔ‬،‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
material, and FBEC reinforcing .‫وﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
requirements.
134
Material designations for steel material in the pipeline ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻤﺮ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ وﻓﻘًﺎ‬
corridor shall be as shown in Table 4.1. B .(‫ب‬-1-4) ‫ﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺿﺤﻪ اﻟﺠﺪول‬
‫ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪات اﻟﻤﻮاد‬.B 4.1 ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬

TABLE 4.1. B MATERIAL DESIGNATIONS
A992 ‫ أو‬ASTM A36 ‫ اﻷﻟﻮاح واﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن واﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت‬،‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ ‫أﺷ ل اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
ASTM A36 or A992 Structural Steel Shapes, Plates Bars, and Fittings
B ‫ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬ASTM A500 ‫اﻷﺷ ل اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﻮﻓﺎء اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻌﺔ واﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﺔ واﻟﻤﺴﺘﺪﻳﺮة‬
ASTM A500 Grade B Hollow structural shapes (HSS) square, rectangular,
and round
B ‫ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬,E ‫ اﻟﻨﻮع‬ASTM A53 ‫اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬
ASTM A53 Type E, Grade B Pipes
; DH ‫ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬,ASTM A563 - ‫; اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ‬1 ‫ اﻟﻨﻮع‬,ASTM A325 ‫ ﺻﻮاﻣﻴﻞ وﺣﻠﻘﺎت ﺑﺮاﻏﻲ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻼت‬،‫ﺑﺮاﻏﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﻮة‬
‫; ﻣﺠﻠﻔﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻤﺮ اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ‬1 ‫ اﻟﻨﻮع‬,ASTM F436 - ‫ﺣﻠﻘﺎت ﺑﺮاﻏﻲ‬ High-strength Bolts, Nuts, and Washers for Joints
ASTM A325, Type 1; Nuts - ASTM A563, Grade DH;
Washers - ASTM F436, Type 1; all hot-dip galvanized
ASTM- ‫; ﺻﻮاﻣﻴﻞ ﻣﺰدوﺟﺔ‬36 ‫ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬F1554 ‫ أو‬ASTM A36 ‫ﻗﻀﺒﺎن ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ )ﻧﻮع ﺑﺮأس أو ﺑﺼﻮاﻣﻴﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺻﺎﻣﻮﻟ ﺔ ﻣﺰدوﺟﺔ‬
‫ ﺟﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ‬،ASTM A3 6 - ‫ ﺣﻠﻘﺎت ﺑﺮاﻏﻲ ﻟﻮﺣﻴﺔ‬:DH ‫ َدَرَﺟﺔ‬,A563 (‫وﺣﻠﻘﺎت ﺻﻔﻴﺤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻤﺮ اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ‬ Anchor Rods (headed-type or threaded/nutted with
ASTM A36 or F1554 Grade 36; Double nuts -ASTM double nuts and plate washers)
A563, Grade DH: Plate washers - ASTM A3 6; all hot-
dip galvanized
‫ أﻗﻄﺎب ﺗﺄرﻳﺾ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺟﻴﻦ‬.D1.6 ‫ و‬,AWS D1.1, D1.4 ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﻠﺤﺎم وأﻗﻄﺎب اﻟﺘﺄرﻳﺾ‬
e.g., "E7018" for ) ‫ ﻣﻴﺠﺎﺑﺎﺳ ل‬480 ‫ﺑﺤﺪ أدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮة اﻟﺸﺪ‬ Welding Processes and Electrodes
(SMAW
AWS D1.1, D1.4, and D1.6. Low hydrogen electrodes
with a minimum tensile strength of 480 MPa, (e.g.,
"E7018" for SMAW)
‫ و‬, C989 ,ASTM C618 ;‫ إﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬V ‫ و‬I ‫ اﻟﻨﻮع‬ASTM C150 ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺘﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﺑﺪاﺋﻞ اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ اﻟﺒﻮزوﻻﻧﻲ‬C1240 Cementitious Materials
ASTM C150 Type I and V Cements; ASTM C618,
C989, and C1240 Pozzolanic replacements
‫ ﺑﻘﻮة اﻧﻀﻐﺎط ﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ أﻳﺎم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻗﻮة‬ASTM 1107 ‫اﻟﻤﻼط ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﻜﻤﺶ وﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ‬ Non-Shrink, Non-Metallic Grout
ASTM 1107 with minimum 7 day compressive
strength at least twice the base concrete strength
ASTM A775M ;(‫ ﻣﻴﺠﺎﺑﺎﺳ ل‬414) 60 ‫ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬,ASTM A615 ‫ﻓﻮﻻذ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬
(FBECR) ‫ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻣﻄﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ وﻣﻠﺤﻮم ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺼﻬﺎر‬ Reinforcing Steel
ASTM A615, Grade 60 (414 MPa); ASTM A775M
Fusion bonded epoxy-coated reinforcing (FBECR)
135
‫ﻻﺻﻘﺎت إﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻓﻮﻻذ ﻣﺠﻠﻔﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻤﺮ اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ أو ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬ ‫اﻹرﺳﺎءات ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ أو ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺎدﻟﻬﺎ‬Hilti Corp ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﻮة ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﺘﺠﻪ‬ Chemical Anchors
Epoxy adhesives with hot-dip galvanized or stainless
steel high-strength bolt assemblies as manufacturer
by Hilti Corp. or approved equivalent
4.3.12 ELECTRICAL AND COMMUNICATION ‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء واﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬ ‫ ﻫﻴﺎ‬4.3.12

STRUCTURES
 Substation electrical and communication ‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء واﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت ﻟﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ُﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 
structures are used to support above-grade ‫واﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻓﻮق اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﻣﺜﻞ ﻧﺎﻗﻼت‬
components and electrical equipment such as ،‫ ﻣﻮﺻﻼت اﻟﻨﺎﻗﻼت اﻟﻤﺮﻧﺔ‬،‫ اﻟ ﺑﻼت اﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‬،‫اﻟ ﺑﻼت‬
cable bus, rigid bus, and strain bus ‫ اﻟﻌﺎزﻻت وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ‬،‫ﺑﺤﺎت زﻳﺎدة اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬ ،‫اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ‬
conductors; switches; surge arresters; ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺎت اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﻫﻴﺎ‬.‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬
insulators; and other equipment. Substation ‫وﺳﺎﺣﺎت اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﻦ زواﻳﺎ ﺷﺒﻜﻴﺔ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ أوﺗﺎرًا وﺟﻤﻠﻮﻧﺎت‬
and switchyard structures may be fabricated ،(‫ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﺔ وﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﺔ‬،‫وﻓﻠﻨﺠﺎت واﺳﻌﺔ وأﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ )داﺋﺮﻳﺔ‬
from latticed angles that form chords and ‫أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ وأﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻣﻀﻠﻌﺔ )ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺔ أو ﻣﺪﺑﺒﺔ( أﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﻮاد‬
trusses, wide flanges, tubes (round, square, ‫واﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺸﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ‬
and rectangular), pipes and polygonal tubes .‫واﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮم واﻟﺨﺸﺐ‬
(straight or tapered). Common materials used
are concrete, steel, aluminum, and wood.
 References and Standards: :‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬ 

o Saudi Building Code SBC-301 — ‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬- SBC-301 ‫ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬ o
Loads and Force Requirements ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل واﻟﻘﻮة‬
o Saudi Building Code SBC-304 — ‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬- SBC-304 ‫ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬ o

Concrete Structures Requirements ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
o Saudi Building Code SBC-306 — Steel ‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬- SBC-306 ‫ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬ o
Structures Requirements ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
o American Society of Civil Engineers — - ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﻴﻦ‬ o

ASCE-7 — Minimum Design Loads for ‫ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬- ASCE 7
o ASCE Engineering Practice Report 113 ‫ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ASCE o
113
o ASCE 48 - Design of Steel ‫أﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ASCE 48 o

136
o ASCE Report No. 74 - Guidelines for ‫ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬ASCE/SEI 74 o

Electrical Transmission Line ‫ اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ ﻟﺨﻄﻮط ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء‬
Structural Loading (74) ‫رﻗﻢ‬
o ASCE Publication - Guide to Improved ‫ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻟﻸداء‬- ASCE ‫ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎت‬ o

Earthquake Performance of Electric ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻦ ﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺰﻻزل‬
Power Systems
o ASCE Publication - Structural ‫ ﻧﺸﺮة اﻟﻤﻮﺛﻮﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ‬ASCE o

Reliability Based Design of Utility Pole ‫أﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
Structures
o ASCE 10- Design of Latticed Steel ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ASCE 10 o

Transmission Structures ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺸﺎﺑﻜﺔ‬
o ASCE/SEI 48 - Design of Steel ‫أﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ASCE/SEI 48 o

 Materials of Electrical and Communication :‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء واﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 

Structures:
o Steel Structures ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
 ASCE 10 is recommended for design ‫ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ASCE 10 ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺴﻦ اﺗﺒﺎع ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬ 
of lattice structures using steel .‫اﻟﻤﺘﺸﺎﺑﻜﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
angles.
 AISC is recommended for design of ‫ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ASCE ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺴﻦ اﺗﺒﺎع ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬ 

structures using standard structural .‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﺷ ل اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
shapes.
 ASCE/SEI 48 is recommended for ‫ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ASCE/SEI 48 ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺴﻦ اﺗﺒﺎع ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬ 

design of structures using hollow ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﺷ ل اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻷﻧﺒﻮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
tubular member shapes. .‫اﻟﺠﻮﻓﺎء‬
o Concrete Structures: :‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o

 Concrete Structures are designed to ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻻﺣﺘﻮاء ﺣﺎﻻت‬ ‫ُﺗﺼﻤﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
accommodate cracking behavior. In a ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ وﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺄ‬.‫اﻟﺘﺼﺪع‬
corrosive environment, water may be ‫ﻳﺠﺨﻞ اﻟﻤﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﺪﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ وﻳﺆدي‬
absorbed into the open cracks and ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬.‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ ﺗﺄ‬
corrode the reinforcing steel. Typical ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻄﺎت اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬
substation concrete structures shall ‫ أﻣﺎ‬.‫ﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
provide enough concrete cover to ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﺗﺴﺒﺐ‬
137
protect the reinforcing steel. For ‫ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ‬،‫اﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬،‫اﻹﻧﺤﻨﺎء‬

structural members subjected to ‫اﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﻋﺪم اﻟﺴﻤﺎح ﺑﻮﺟﻮد ﻗﻮة ﺷﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
sustain flexural loading, such as dead- ‫ﻃﻮل اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻇﺮوف‬
end structures, it may be desirable to ‫ وإذا ن اﻟﺸﺪ ﺻﻔﺮًا ﻓﻠﻦ ﺗﻤﻨﻊ‬.‫اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻲ‬
allow no tensile stress along the ‫اﻟﺼﺪوع ﻓﻲ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬
member cross section under . ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
everyday loading conditions. If zero-
tension, no cracks under normal
situations will preclude the reinforcing
steel from corroding.
 Reinforced Concrete Structures - ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬- ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 

Reinforced concrete structures shall ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ وإﻋﺪادﻫﺎ وﻓﻘًﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
be engineered and configured in .ACI 318 ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
accordance with ACI 318.
 Pre-stressed Concrete Structures - ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ‬- ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 

Pre-stressed concrete structures ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
shall be engineered and configured in .PCI MNL-120 ‫وإﻋﺪادﻫﺎ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
accordance with PCI MNL-120. This ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻫﺬا اﻟﻜﺘﻴﺐ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
handbook uses the ultimate strength ‫ﻣﻊ أﺣﻤﺎل ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺪﻟﺔ واﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔ‬
method with factored deign loads, ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ‬.‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد وﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
linear material properties, and ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﺗﺨﻔﻴﺾ ﻗﺪرة اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ‬
second-order elastic analysis. .PCI MNL-120 ‫ﻫﻮ ﻣﺤﺪد ﻓﻲ‬
Member capacity reduction factors
shall be used as specified in PCI MNL-
120.
 Pre-stressed Concrete Poles - The ‫ ﻫﻴﺎ‬- ‫اﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬ 

pre-stressed concrete pole type ‫ ذات‬،‫أﻧﻮاع اﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬
structures, either static cast or spun ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ‬،‫اﻟﺼﺐ اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ أو اﻟﻤﺼﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪوران‬
cast, should be engineered and .PCI ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ وإﻋﺪادﻫﺎ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
configured in accordance with PCI. ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻫﺬه اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
This guideline uses the ultimate ‫اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ وﺗﺘﻘﻴﺪ ﺑﺼﻮرٍة ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎت‬
strength design method and, in .PCI‫ و‬ACI
general, follows all ACI and PCI
recommendations.
‫اﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮم‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ o
o Aluminium Structures:
138
 The United States Aluminum ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ‬ 

Association's design criteria for ‫ﺑﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮم‬
aluminum structures are .‫اﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮم‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
recommended in this guideline.
 Aluminum with Dissimilar Materials - ‫ ﻳﺘﺂ‬- ‫اﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮم ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻮاد ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ‬ 

Aluminum corrodes when in contact ‫اﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮم ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻤﺎس ﻣﻊ‬
with dissimilar materials such as steel, ‫ﻣﻮاد ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ واﻟﺨﺸﺐ‬
wood, or concrete. These dissimilar ‫ ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻷس اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺟﻴﻨﻲ ﻟﻬﺬه‬.‫واﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
materials have a different pH than that ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻷس اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺟﻴﻨﻲ‬
of aluminum. Aluminum functions best ‫ وﻳﻜﻮن أداء اﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮم ﻓﻲ أﻓﻀﻞ‬.‫ﻟﻸﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮم‬
when in contact with material having a ‫ﺣﺎﻻﺗﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻤﺎس ﻣﻊ ﻣﻮاد‬
pH range of 5 to 9. .9 ‫ إﻟﻰ‬5 ‫ﻳﺘﺮاوح أﺳﻬﺎ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺟﻴﻨﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
 Steel - Aluminum surfaces to be ‫اﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮم‬ ‫أﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻃﻼء‬ ‫ﻳﺠ ﺐ‬ :‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬ 

placed in contact with steel should be ‫اﻟﻤﻼﻣﺴﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﻮﻻذ ﺑﻄﺒﻘﺔ أوﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺮوﻣﺎت‬
given one coat of a zinc chromate ‫اﻟﺰﻧﻚ أو ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺎدﻟﻬﺎ أو ﻃﺒﻘﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬
primer or the equivalent, or one coat ‫اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺐ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﺰل اﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
of a suitable non-hardening joint .‫اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ أﺛﻨﺎء ﻓﺘﺮات اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ‬
compound that may exclude moisture
from the joint during
 prolonged service. Additional ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ‬ 

protection may be obtained by ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺐ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬
applying the joint
 compound in addition to the zinc ‫وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺮك‬. ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺮوﻣﺎت اﻟﺰﻧﻚ‬ 
chromate primer. The zinc chromate .‫ﻃﻼء ﻛﺮوﻣﺎت اﻟﺰﻧﻚ ﻟﻴﺠﻒ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﺟﺰاء‬
paint should be allowed to dry before ‫وﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﻄﻼء أﺳﻄﺢ اﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮم‬
the parts are assembled. Aluminum ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة ﻟﻠﻔﻮﻻذ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺼﺪأ أو اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻲ‬
surfaces to be placed in contact with ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮم أو اﻟﻤﺠﻠﻔﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻤﺮ اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ أو‬
stainless, aluminized, hot-dip .‫اﻟﻤﺠﻠﻔﻦ ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴًﺎ‬
galvanized, or electro-galvanized
steel need not be painted.
 Wood - Aluminum surfaces to be ‫اﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮم‬ ‫أﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻃﻼء‬ ‫ﻳﺠ ﺐ‬ :‫اﻟﺨﺸﺐ‬ 
placed in contact with wood should be ‫ ﺑﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬،‫ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎ‬،‫اﻟﻤﻼﻣﺴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺸﺐ‬
given a heavy coat of an alkali- .‫ﺳﻤﻴﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻼء اﻟﺒﺘﻴﻮﻣﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوم ﻟﻠﻘﻠﻮﻳﺎت‬
resistant bituminous paint before ‫وﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻄﻼء ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺊ ﺑﻬﺎ‬
installation. The paint should be ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟُﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ دون إﺿﺎﻓﺔ أي ﻣﻮاد‬
applied in the condition in which it is .‫ﻣﺨﻔﻔﺔ‬
received from the manufacturer
139
without the addition of any thinner.
 Concrete - Aluminum should not ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﻼﻣﺲ اﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮم أي‬:‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ 

come into contact with wet concrete. ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮم‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ .‫رﻃﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
Aluminum reacts with the alkaline ‫اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻘﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻺﺳﻤﻨﺖ وﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
constituents of the cement and ‫ وﻳﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺟﻴﻦ ﺗﻤﺪد‬.‫ﻏﺎز اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺟﻴﻦ‬
generates hydrogen gas. They .‫اﻟﻤﻼط وﻳﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮة اﻧﻀﻐﺎط اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
hydrogen gas will cause expansion of
the mortar and reduce the concrete's
compressive strength.
o Wood Structures: :‫اﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o

 Ultimate Strength Design - Wood ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬- ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻘﺼﻮى‬ 
structures and poles shall be ‫واﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ وإﻋﺪادﻫﺎ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
engineered and configured in IEEE 751 ‫ وﺗﺼﻒ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬.NESC‫ و‬IEEE 751
accordance with IEEE 751 and NESC. ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ وﺣﺘﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
IEEE 751 describes a probabilistic ANSI-05.1 ‫اﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
and a deterministic method for ‫ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ إﺟﻬﺎد اﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ‬c05.1‫و‬
designing wood structures. ANSI-05.1 ‫ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬.NESC 0.65 ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻘﻮة ﻣﻦ‬
and 05.1c may be used for wood pole ‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬
stresses with the NESC 0.65 strength .(NDS) ‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻼﺣﺔ‬
factor. Additional design information
may be found in Navigation Data
Standards (NDS).
 Design Loading: :‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ 
 All structures shall be designed in ‫وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
accordance with the requirements of .‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺴﺎرﻳﺔ‬/‫اﻷﻛﻮاد‬
applicable codes and standards.
 The following loads described in ‫وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬ 

ASCE Engineering Practice Report :(113) ‫ ﻟﻠﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻗﻢ‬ASCE
113 shall be included:
 Wire Tension Loads ‫أﺣﻤﺎل ﺷﺪ اﻷﺳﻼك‬ 
 Terminal Connection Loads ‫أﺣﻤﺎل ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴﺎت‬ 
 Concentrated Loads on Strain Bus ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰة ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟ ﺑﻼت‬ 
Systems ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
 Substation Dead-End Structure ‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻄﺎت‬ ‫ﻗﻮى ﻫﻴ‬ 
Forces ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴﺔ‬
140
4.3.13 GENERATOR SUPPORT STRUCTURES ‫دﻋﻢ ﻣﻮﻟﺪات اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء‬ ‫ ﻫﻴﺎ‬4.3.13

 The generator shall be supported by ‫ﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ وزن‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ دﻋﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﺄﺳﺎﺳﺎت ووﺳﺎﺋﺪ‬ 
foundation and housekeeping pad sufficient ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﺤﺮك اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ وﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬.‫اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ‬
to support the weight of the equipment. This .‫اﻟﻮﻗﻮد واﻟﺒﻄﺎرﻳﺎت و ﺗﻢ ﺻﻮت اﻟﻌﺎدم وﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬
shall include the engine-generator, fuel
storage, batteries, and engine exhaust
silencer and piping.
 Vibration isolation shall be provided to avoid ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻋﺰل ﻟﻼﻫﺘﺰاز ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ ﻧﻘﻞ اﻻﻫﺘﺰازات إﻟﻰ‬ 
the transmission of vibration to the ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻌﺎﻟﺞ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻋﺰل اﻻﻫﺘﺰاز أي‬.‫اﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة‬
surrounding occupancies. The selection of the ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت زﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ وﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬
vibration isolation shall address any applicable .‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة‬
seismic requirements and the sensitivities of
the adjacent facilities.
 Rotating and vibrating loads shall be ‫ًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺠﺐ دراﺳﺔ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺪوارة واﻻﻫﺘﺰازﻳﺔ‬ 
individually considered and, where feasible, .‫ٍف ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ن ذﻟﻚ ﻣﺠﺪﻳًﺎ‬ ٍ ‫ﺣﺪة ودﻋﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﺸ‬
shall be independently supported.
 Natural Frequency ‫ذﺑﺬﺑﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬ 

o Structural supports of rotating and ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﺪوارة‬ o
vibrating equipment shall be designed to ‫واﻻﻫﺘﺰازﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ اﻻﻫﺘﺰاز اﻟﺼﻮﺗﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺪة‬
avoid resonant vibration with the .‫واﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻧﺘﺸﺎره إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ‬
equipment and limit amplitude to
acceptable values.
o Acceptable values shall be verified with ‫وﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻮرد‬ o
suppliers of individual equipment such as .‫ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﺮ ت وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
motors, drives, etc.
o Appropriate models considering mass, ‫إﺿﺎﻓًﺔ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﺔ‬ o
stiffness, and damping shall be used. The .‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ واﻟﻘﺴﺎوة واﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ‬
equipment operation shall be examined to . ‫وﻳﺠﺐ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات ﻟﻘﻬﻢ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
understand the acting forces.
o If the design considers only the ‫ن اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت‬ ‫وإذا‬ o
supporting beams, they shall be designed ‫اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺬﺑﺬﺑﺔ‬
with a ratio between the natural frequency ‫( اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺎوي أو‬fe) ‫( وذﺑﺬﺑﺔ اﻟﻤ ﻌﺪة‬fn) ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
(fn) and the equipment frequency (fe) fe /fn .‫ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة أدﻧﺎه‬
equal to or larger than the values given
below. fe /fn
141
o Otherwise a complete 3D model is ‫ﻣﻞ‬ ‫وﺑﺨﻼف ذﻟﻚ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻧﻤﺬ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد‬ o
required for the supporting structure and ‫اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ واﻻﻫﺘﺰازات اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎء‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬
corresponding vibrations need to satisfy ‫ وﻓﻲ‬.‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻬﺎ ﻟﻼﻫﺘﺰازات‬
the vendor allowable criteria for ‫ﺣﺎل ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎر ﻓﻴﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎء‬
vibrations. If this criterion is not available, ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ رﻳﺘﺸﺎرد اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺢ‬
the Richard Chart presented below needs .‫أدﻧﺎه‬
to be satisfied.
o When detailed evaluation is warranted, the ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﻢ‬ o
Designer shall ensure the separation of ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﺬﺑﺬﺑﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬
the fundamental mode structural ‫ وﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﻌﻴﺎر‬.‫ذﺑﺬﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات واﻵﻟﻴﺎت‬
frequency from the machine frequency. :‫اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﻪ‬
The recommended criterion is as follows:
 Structure frequency < 1/2 of machine .‫ ﻣﻦ ذﺑﺬﺑﺔ اﻵﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬2/1 > ‫ذﺑﺬﺑﺔ اﻟﻬﻴ‬ 
operating frequency
 Structure frequency > 1.5 times ‫ ﻣﺮة ﻣﻦ ذﺑﺬﺑﺔ اﻵﻟﺔ‬1.5 < ‫ذﺑﺬﺑﺔ اﻟﻬﻴ‬ 
machine operating frequency .‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
o Structures that shall be verified are those ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻬﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
that support equipment that may induce ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻫﺘﺰاز ﻣﻔﺮط ﻋﻠﻰ‬
excessive vibration to the supporting ‫اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﺮاوح واﻟﻤﻀﺨﺎت وأﺟﻬﺰة‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
structure, as for example: fans, pumps, .‫اﻟﻨﻔﺦ واﻟﻀﺎﻏﻄﺎت وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﻤﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ‬
blowers, compressors and other similar
equipment.
o The global sway modes of the entire ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺣﺴﺎب أﻧﻤﺎط اﻟﺘﺄرﺟﺢ اﻟﻌﺎم ﻟ‬ o
structure shall be calculated by means of ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج اﻟ ﻬﻴ ﻲ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻜﺘﻞ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
a structural model with concentrated ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻜﺘﻞ وﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬.‫ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟُﻌﻘﺪ‬
masses on node points. Masses and ‫اﻟﻘﺴﺎوة اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ‬
stiffness used for modelling shall be those ‫اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮ ﻟﻌﻠﻰ ذﺑﺬﺑﺎت ﺗﻤﺜﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ‬
needed for obtaining representative ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر أﺛﻨﺎء‬.‫اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
frequencies of the dynamic response. ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ واﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻘﻮى ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﻧﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ‬
Unbalanced forces, generated as a result ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ اﻟﻤﻮاد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻜﺮات واﻧﺤﺮاف‬
of operations, such as material build up on .‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﺎوي‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻴﻮر ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺎراﺗﻬﺎ واﻟﺘﺂ‬
pulleys, belt misalignment, uneven wear,
shall be considered in analysis and design.
o The soil/structure interaction shall be ‫أﺛﻨﺎء ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ واﻟﻬﻴ‬ o
evaluated in the determination of . ‫اﻟﺬﺑﺬﺑﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
structural natural frequency
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 Allowable Equipment Vibration ‫اﻫﺘﺰاز ﻗﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻪ‬ 

o The below Richart Chart (FIGURE 4.2.B) ‫ب( اﻷدﻟﺔ‬-2-4) ‫ﻳﺤﺪد ﻣﺨﻄﻂ رﻳﺸﺎرت أدﻧﺎه )اﻟﺸ‬ o
sets general guidelines for vibration ‫ ﺗﺠﺐ‬، ٍ ‫ وﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻻﻫﺘﺰاز‬
amplitude. However, equipment and its ‫دراﺳﺔ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات وﻧﺸﺎﻃﻬﺎ اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ‬
functional activity must be carefully ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﻼﻫﺘﺰاز ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
considered in setting design amplitude to ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ‬.‫اﻷداء اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﺔ وراﺣﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬
assure proper functioning and personnel ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪود اﻻﻫﺘﺰاز اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮرد‬
comfort in its operation. Vibration limits .‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪات واﻻﻟﺘﺰام ﺑﻬﺎ‬
set by equipment suppliers shall be
verified and complied with.
4.3.14 CONCRETE DUCT BANKS ‫ ﺣﺰم اﻟﻘﻨﻮات اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬4.3.14

Concrete encased duct banks are a group of conduit ‫ﺣﺰم اﻟﻘﻨﻮات اﻟﻤﻐﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﺎري‬
or pipes that are fully encased in concrete. The ‫ وﻳﻬﺪف اﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻒ‬.‫اﻟ ﺑﻼت أو اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻣﻐﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺎﻟ ﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
purpose of the encasement is to protect the utility ‫إﻟﻰ ﺣﻤﺎﻳ ﺔ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻔﺮﻃﺔ ﻟﻸرض وﻣﻦ ﺛﻘﺒﻬﺎ‬
lines from superimposed ground loading and from .‫ﺑﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
being pierced by future excavation equipment.
143

o Concrete strength of duct bank ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻗﻮة ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻏﻼف ﺣﺰم اﻟﻘﻨﻮات‬ o
encasement shall be no less than 20 .‫ ﻣﻴﺠﺎ ﺑﺎﺳ ل‬20 ‫ﻋﻦ‬
MPa.
o All concrete duct banks shall be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺣﺰم اﻟﻘﻨﻮات اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ o
reinforced with minimum temperature ‫ﻣﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟﺤﺮاري وﻓﻘًﺎ‬
reinforcement in accordance with ACI .ACI 350 ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
350.
o All reinforcement shall be epoxy ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻣﻄﻠﻴًﺎ ﺑﺎﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬ o
coated. .‫ﺑﺎﻟ ﻣﻞ‬
o Minimum ratio of horizontal ‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻷﻓﻘﻲ‬ o
reinforcement area to gross concrete ‫إﻟﻰ إﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﻮل ﺑﻴﻦ‬
area shall be based on the length ‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
between movement joints, and shall ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ‬.(12-7) ‫ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬،ACI 350
conform to ACI 350 Section 7.12. ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬450 ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻀﺒﺎن اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻋﻦ‬
Maximum spacing of reinforcement ‫ﻣﻊ وﺟﻮد ﻗﻀﻴﺐ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ واﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ ﻓﻲ‬
bars shall be 450 mm; minimum of one .‫زاوﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺰﻣﺔ اﻟﻘﻨﻮات‬
bar in each corner of duct bank.
o Provide steel tie bars in the transverse ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻗﻀﺒﺎن رﺑﻂ ﻓﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺗﺠﺎه‬ o
direction enclosing the longitudinal ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﺮض اﻟﺬي ﻳﻀﻢ اﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ‬
bars minimum size of 10 mm bars. ‫ وﻋﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎول ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬.‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬10 ‫ﻳﻘﻞ ﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ‬
Contractor is to determine the ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪﻋﻢ‬
minimum spacing of bars based on ‫ أﻣﺎ اﻟﺤﺪ‬.‫اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻢ ﻟﻠﻘﻨﻮات أﺛﻨﺎء وﺿﻊ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
proper support of ducts during ‫اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﻐﻄﺎء اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻮق ﻓﻮﻻذ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬
placement of concrete minimum clear ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ اﻟﺘﻲ‬75 ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬
concrete cover over reinforcement .‫ُﺗﺼﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮًة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرض‬
steel shall be 75 mm where concrete
is cast directly against earth.
o Special consideration requires where ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺧﺎص ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﺣﺰﻣﺔ‬ o
duct bank enters rigid underground ‫ وﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ﺗﺤﺖ أرﺿﻴﺔ ﺻﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻨﻮات إﻟﻰ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
structures. Structural engineer shall ‫اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺗﺤﺪد‬
provide details indicating method ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﻬﺒﻮط اﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎوت‬
employed to prevent differential .‫ﻣﻦ اﻹﺿﺮار ﺑﺤﺰم اﻟﻘﻨﻮات‬
settlement from damaging duct bank.
o Top surface of duct bank shall be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ُﻳﺼﺒﻎ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﻟﺤﺰﻣﺔ اﻟﻘﻨﻮات‬ o
dyed red. .‫ﺑﺼﺒٍﻎ أﺣﻤﺮ‬
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o Ducts shall be installed with duct ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺣﺰم اﻟﻘﻨﻮات ﺑﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺗﺒﺎﻋﺪ‬ o
separators with no less than 5 3 ‫ ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﻓﻲ‬5 ‫ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻨﻮات ﺑﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬
separators in 3 m. .‫أﻣﺘﺎر‬
 Secure separators to earth to prevent ‫وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرض ﻟﻤﻨﻊ‬ 
uplift during concrete installation. .‫ﺗﺤﺮﻛﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺻﺐ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
 Tie assembly together using fabric ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أرﺑﻄﺔ أﻟﻴﺎف‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ رﺑﻂ‬ 
straps - metal ties are not to be used ‫وﻻ ُﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷرﺑﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻌًﺎ‬
to prevent conductive loops. .‫ﻟﺨﻠﻖ دارات ﻣﻮﺻﻠﺔ‬
 Minimum duct spacing in banks 30 ‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻨﻮات ﻓﻲ‬ 
mm. .‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬30 ‫اﻟﺤﺰﻣﺔ‬
 Ducts should be placed no less than ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻘﻨﻮات ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﻋﻦ‬ 
500 mm below grade. .‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬500
4.3.15 SECURITY CRASH BARRIERS ‫ ﺣﻮاﺟﺰ اﻻﺻﻄﺪام اﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬4.3.15

Security crash barriers are designed to protect ‫ُﺗﺼﻤﻢ ﺣﻮاﺟﺰ اﻻﺻﻄﺪام اﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﻦ واﻟﺰوار ووﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬
employees, visitors, and building functions from .‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻣﻦ اﻗﺘﺮاب اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﺮح ﺑﻪ‬
unauthorized vehicle approach.

o Security crash barriers are designed ‫ُﺗﺼﻤﻢ ﺣﻮاﺟﺰ اﻻﺻﻄﺪام اﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎء‬ o
to meet crash test standards based ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻻﺻﻄﺪام ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻮﻋﺎت‬
on the following publications: :‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
 ASTM F 2656/2656M, Standard Test ‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬،ASTM F 2656/2656M 

Method for Crash Testing of Vehicle .‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻮاﺟﺰ اﻻﺻﻄﺪام اﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬
Security Barriers
 United States Department of State, SD-STD-02.01 ،‫وزارة اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬ 
SD-STD-02.01 Ballistic Standards ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻴﺔ‬
 USA Department of Defense, UFC — UFC - 4-022 ،‫وزارة اﻟﺪﻓﺎع اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬ 

4-022 Security Engineering: Entry / ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﺮاﻓﻖ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل‬
Control Facilities / Access Control ‫ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬
Points
 FEMA 430, Perimeter Security Design ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ أﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ‬,FEMA 430 
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o Security crash barriers are designed ‫ُﺗﺼﻤﻢ ﺣﻮاﺟﺰ اﻻﺻﻄﺪام اﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻔﺎت‬ o
for the following load classification: :‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
 K12: 6803 kg Truck traveling 80 Kph 80 ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﺟﺮام ﺳﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬6803 :K12 

‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬/‫ﻴﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬
 K8: 6803 kg Truck traveling 65 Kph 65 ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﺟﺮام ﺳﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬6803 :K8 

 K4: 6803 Kg Truck traveling 48 Kph 48 ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﺟﺮام ﺳﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬6803 :K4 

o Project specifications dictate the ‫ﺗﻔﺮض ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬ o

required load level of design. .‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎت‬
o Barrier Materials ‫ﻣﻮاد اﻟﺤﻮاﺟﺰ‬ o

 Steel or cast iron is the most effective ‫ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ أو اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺼﺒﻮب أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻮاد‬ 
barrier material and the most easily ‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺟﺰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ وأﺳﻬﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒًﺎ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻳﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ‬
installed but requires regular .‫ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‬
maintenance.
 Reinforced Concrete barrier systems ‫أﻣﺎ ﺣﻮاﺟﺰ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺗ ﻔﺔ‬ 
are more expensive and require more ‫وﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ‬
time to install but are maintenance .‫ﺗﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬
free.
 Types of Barriers :‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺤﻮاﺟﺰ‬ 

o Passive Barriers ‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺟﺰ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬ o
 Fixed in Place Barriers preventing ‫ﺣﻮاﺟﺰ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل‬ 
vehicle access.
 Walls, Berms, Fixed bollards, ‫وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﺠﺪران واﻟﺤﻮاﺟﺰ اﻟﺘﺮاﺑﻴﺔ وأﻋﻤﺪة‬ 
Engineered Planters, Fences. .‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺟﺰ وأﺣﻮاض اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت واﻷﺳﻴﺠﺔ‬
o Active Barriers ‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺟﺰ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ o

 Used at vehicle access and control .‫ُﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪاﺧﻞ اﻟﺴﻴﺎرات وﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ 
points
 Retractable bollards ‫أﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺤﻮاﺟﺰ اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﺤﺐ‬ 
 Crash Gates ‫ﺑﻮاﺑﺎت اﻻﺻﻄﺪام‬ 
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 Rotating Wedge Systems ‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺨﻮاﺑﻴﺮ اﻟﺪوارة‬ 
4.3.16 SUPPORTS FOR SIGNS, LUMINARIES AND ‫اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ‬ ‫ دﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت ووﺣﺪات اﻹﻧﺎرة واﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬4.3.16
TRAFFIC STRUCTURES
 General: This provision applicable to structural ‫ ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺸﺮط ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت‬:‫ﻋﺎم‬ 
support for Highway Signs, Luminaries and .‫اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ووﺣﺪات اﻹﻧﺎرة واﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ‬
traffic signals.
 Type of Supports: :‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت‬ 

o Sign Supports: :‫دﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت‬ o
 Overhead Signs: :‫اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬ 
Refer to FIGURE 4.3.A or types of ‫اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ‬ ‫أ( أو أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬-3-4) ‫راﺟﻊ اﻟﺸ‬
overhead sign support structures. .‫ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﻗﻴﺔ‬
 Roadside Signs: :‫ﻟﻮﺣﺎت ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ اﻟﻄﺮق‬ 

Refer to FIGURE 4.3.B for types of ‫اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ب( أو أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬-3-4) ‫راﺟﻊ اﻟﺸ‬
roadside sign support structures. .‫ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ اﻟﻄﺮق‬
o Luminaire: :‫وﺣﺪات اﻹﻧﺎرة‬ o

Luminaires are complete lighting units ‫وﺣﺪات اﻹﻧﺎرة ﻫﻲ وﺣﺪات ﻣﻠﺔ ﻹﻧﺎرة اﻟﻄﺮق‬
to illuminate highways, bridges, ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ واﻟﺠﺴﻮر واﻟﺸﻮارع واﻟﻤﺘﻨﺰﻫﺎت‬
streets, parks, playgrounds, etc. (‫ج‬-3-4) ‫ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺸ‬.‫واﻟﻤﻼﻋﺐ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
Types of street lightings are shown on .‫أﻧﻮاع إﻧﺎرات اﻟﺸﻮارع‬
FIGURE 4.3.C.
o Traffic Signals: :‫اﻹﺷﺎرات اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ‬ o

Refer to FIGURE 4.3.D for types of ‫اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ‬ ‫د( أو أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬-3-4) ‫راﺟﻊ اﻟﺸ‬
traffic signals support structures. .‫ﻟﻺﺷﺎرات اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ‬
147
‫‪148‬‬

o The Support Structures for signs, ‫اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت ووﺣﺪات‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ دﻋﺎﻣﺎت ﻫﻴﺎ‬ o
luminaires and traffic lights to be ‫اﻹﻧﺎرة واﻹﺷﺎرات اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬
designed in accordance with the ‫ ﻟﻠﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت اﻟﻄﺮق‬LRFD
LRFD Specifications for Structural ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ووﺣﺪات اﻹﻧﺎرة واﻹﺷﺎرات اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ‬
Supports for Highway Signs, .(‫ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺎت ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻴﺔ‬،‫)اﻹﺻﺪار اﻷول‬
Luminaires, and Traffic Signals (1st
Edition , Interim Revisions ).
o Wind speed based on 3-second gust. .‫ ﺛﻮاﻧﻲ‬3 ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ زﺧﺎت ﻟﻤﺪة‬ o
o The Design Life/Recurrence Interval 50 ‫ﻓﺘﺮات اﻟﺘﻜﺮار‬/‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ o

shall be 50-years. .‫ﺳﻨﺔ‬
o For overhead sign structures, cat walk ‫اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﻗﻴﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
to be added for future maintenance ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺎرة‬ ‫وﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺼﺎت‬
and lighting fixture installation. ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‬
Structural engineer shall design cat ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﻣﻦ‬2 ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺼﺎت ﻟﺘﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬
walk for min of 2 kN live load over 750 × ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬750 ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
mm x 750 mm area. .‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬750
o Hot-dipped galvanized or protected ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﻔﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻤﺮ اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ‬ o

steel and hardware shall be used for ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫أو اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ واﻟﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
support structures. For corrosion ‫اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬ .‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت‬
149
protection for steel support ‫ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻨﺎ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
structures, refer to Subsection 7. .(7) ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬
o Luminaire structures may be Standard ‫وﺣﺪات اﻹﻧﺎرة ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
Aluminum Light Poles, Standard High ‫أﻋﻤﺪة اﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮم اﻟﺨﻔﻴﻒ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ واﻹﻧﺎرة‬
Mast Lighting, or custom design. In ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮاري اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ أو أي ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﺨﺼﺺ‬
any case, structural engineer shall ‫وﻓﻲ ﺣﻞ اﻷﺣﻮال ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬ o
provide full analysis and design ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺸﺎﻣﻞ واﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬
calculation for GDMP/ Amanat’s ‫ اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫إﻟﻰ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
approval. .‫ﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎدﻫﺎ‬
o Fluted pole luminaires support are ‫ُﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟُﻤﺤﺰزة ﻟﺪﻋﻢ‬ o
only allowed on vertical posts that ‫وﺣﺪات اﻹﻧﺎرة ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬
have a single luminaire load at the top. .‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺑﻬﺎ وﺣﺪة إﻧﺎرة واﺣﺪة ﻓﻲ ﻗﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬
No fluted vertical poles are allowed on ‫وﻻ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻟُﻤﺤﺰزة‬
the Highways with luminaire arms that ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺮﻗﺎت اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ ذراع ﻳﺤﻤﻞ وﺣﺪة‬
produce torsion in the vertical shaft. ‫اﻹﻧﺎرة ﻣﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺒﺐ إﻟﺘﻮاء اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
.‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬
o A fluted shell cover that fits around ‫ﻗﺸﺮة‬ ‫وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻏﻼف ﻣﺤﺰز ﻓﻲ ﺷ‬ o
the standard round pole can be used. ‫ وﻳﻜﻮن‬.‫ُﻳﺮّﻛﺐ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﺪاﺋﺮي اﻟﻌﺎدي‬
The fluted shell has a different drag ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺸﺮة اﻟﻤﺤﺰزة ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺤﺐ أﻗﻞ وﺗﻜﻮن‬
coefficient and calculations are ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻹﺟﺮاء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻮد‬
required for the pole and foundation. .‫واﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬
o Structural engineer shall consider ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ أن ﻳﻀﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر‬ o

future addition, galloping, wind drag, ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺎت‬
truck induced gust and fatigue in the ‫واﻟﺮﻛﺾ وﺳﺤﺐ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح وزﺧﺎت اﻟﻬﻮاء ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬
design. .‫اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻨﺎت وإﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
o Full geotechnical investigation and ‫ﻣﻠﺔ وﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ دراﺳﺔ ﺟﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ o
geotechnical report are required for .‫اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ أﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
foundation design of support
structures.
o Foundation design of support ‫اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ وﻓﻘًﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ أﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o

structures shall be designed in ‫( ﻣﻦ‬6-13) ‫( واﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬6) ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬
accordance with Subsection 6 and ‫م ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬2001 ‫اﻹﺻﺪار اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬
Section 13.6 of the 4th Edition 2001 .‫ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
AASHTO.
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o Any foundation to be designed for ‫داﻋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ أي أﺳﺎس ﻣﺨﺼﺺ ﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
support structures height higher than ‫ أﻣﺘﺎر دون ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻐﻂ‬10 ‫أﻃﻮل ﻣﻦ‬
10 m shall be designed without .‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ‬
contribution of passive soil pressure.
o AASHTO Specifications require ‫ وﺟﻮد أﺟﻬﺰة‬AASHTO ‫ﺗﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬ O

damping or energy absorbing devices ‫اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺪ أو اﻣﺘﺼﺎص ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
on aluminum overhead sign support ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت اﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮم اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ اﻻﻫﺘﺰازات‬
structures to prevent vibrations from .‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺼﻮر اﻹﺟﻬﺎدي‬
causing fatigue failures.
5.0 TRANSPORTATION STRUCTURES ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ ﻫﻴﺎ‬5.0

This subsection mandates the principles, guidelines, ‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﺎدئ واﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ وﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬
and requirements for design and construction of the ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻠﺔ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺮق‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وإﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
structures carrying highway and/or rail traffic loads, :‫أو اﻟﺴﻜﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ وﻳﻮﻓﺮ‬/‫اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ و‬
and provides:
 Guidance on preliminary planning, selection, ‫إرﺷﺎدات اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻟﻤﺒﺪﺋﻲ واﺧﺘﻴﺎر وﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وإﻧﺸﺎء‬ 
design, and construction of these structures. . ‫ﻫﺬه اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
 Minimum technical requirements to be ‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري‬ 
adopted by A/E Conultant to enable safety, ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ اﺗﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ واﻟﺠﻮدة‬/‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
quality, and cost effectiveness in the design ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫وﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وإﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
and construction of structures that meet the ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت وﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎت اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬
needs and expectations of the GDMP/ .‫ اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
Amanat.

The principles and requirements included in this ‫ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ اﻟﻤﺒﺎدئ واﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
section shall govern structures on regular truck route .‫أو أﺟﺰاء ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻨﺎت ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎم‬
sections of the highway network. This excludes ‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﺴﺎرات اﻟﻨﻤﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫وُﻳﺴﺘﺜﻨﻰ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
structures on the Module Path sections of the .‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
network.

 Technical requirements for the transportation ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻻ ﺗﺴﺘﺜﻨﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
structures shall not preclude highway traffic ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎدل ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺮق‬
.‫اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬
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interoperability within the Kingdom of Saudi

Arabia.
 The following requirements shall be reflected ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أن ُﺗﻌﻜﺲ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬ 
in the design and construction of the :‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﻤﻮﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬
transportation structures covered under this
subsection:
o Structures shall have adequate ‫إﻋﺪادات ﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
configurations acceptable to the ‫ﻟﻺدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ وأن ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ‬
GDMP/ Amanat and shall meet .‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ واﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوع‬
aesthetic and functional requirements ‫ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬
of the project. Minimum aesthetic .‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬
design requirements are included in
this section.
o Structures configurations shall ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ إﻋﺪادات اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o

include features such as simplicity, ‫واﻟﻮﻓﺮة‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻤﺎﺳﻚ‬ ‫واﻻﻧﺘﻈﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ‬
regularity, integrity, redundancy, and .‫وﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ اﻟﻔﺤﺺ واﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ واﻹﺻﻼح‬
ease of inspection, maintenance, and
repair.
o Structures shall demonstrate the high ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
standards for safety, durability, and ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻼﻣﺔ وﻗﻮة اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ وﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻔﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ‬
cost effectiveness as required by the / ‫ﻃﻠﺐ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
GDMP/ Amanat. .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬

Design and construction of all transportation ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وإﻧﺸﺎء ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
structures shall be based upon the requirements of ‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ وﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﺎرﻳﺔ؛ وﻳﺠﻞ‬
this subsection and existing highway standards; ‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ وزارة اﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎن‬
these shall be from Saudi Ministry of Transportation ‫ واﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬،‫إﻣ ﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎدل‬
(MOT) to ensure interoperability, American ‫واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ أو ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ ذات اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻠﻚ‬
Association of State Highway and Transportation ‫ﻣﺜﻞ أراﻣﻜﻮ واﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻄﻮط اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ وﻓﻘًﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
Officials (AASHTO), or those of the authority having ‫ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﺗﻀﺎرﺑﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ‬.‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﻼﺋﻢ‬
jurisdiction over the structure such as ARAMCO and ‫ﺗﺸﺘﺮﻃﻬﺎ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ أﺷﺪﻫﺎ ﺻﺮاﻣًﺔ إﻻ إذا ﺗﻤﺖ‬
SAR, as most appropriate to the individual application. ‫اﻹﺷﺎرة ﻫﻨﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺧﻼف ذﻟﻚ وﺑﺸﺮط اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد اﻹدارة‬
Where the requirements stipulated by these ‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز‬/‫ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ اﻷﻛﻮاد‬.‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
standards are in conflict, the most stringent shall :‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
govern unless otherwise noted herein and shall
require the GDMP/ Amanat approval. A listing of the
152
adopted codes follows.

 Volume 3 - Structural Design Specifications, ‫ دﻟﻴﻞ‬،‫ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬- ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ 
Highway Design Manual, Ministry of ‫ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬،‫ وزارة اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬،‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
Transportation (MOT), the Kingdom of Saudi .‫م‬1992 ،‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬
Arabia, 1992.
 AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway ،‫اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬ 
Bridges, 17th Edition. American Association of ‫ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺠﺴﻮر اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
State Highway and Transportation Officials .‫م‬2002 ،‫اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
(AASHTO), 2002.
 AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specification, ‫ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر‬AASHTO LRFD 
American Association of State Highway and .‫اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 8th edition,
 AASHTO Manual for Condition Evaluation and ،‫اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬ 
Load and Resistance Factor Rating (LRFR) of ‫دﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وأﺣﻤﺎل وﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
Highway Bridges. American Association of ‫ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬.‫( ﻟﺠﺴﻮر اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬LRFR)
State Highway, Federal Highway Association ‫ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﻲ‬،‫ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), with ‫ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺎت‬،‫اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ واﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻔﻴﺪراﻟﻴﺔ‬
current interim revisions .‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
 AASHTO Manual for Bridge Evaluation, 2nd ،‫اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬ 
Edition, with 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015, and ‫ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺎت‬،‫ اﻹﺻﺪار اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬،‫دﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر‬
2016 Interim Revisions. ‫م‬2015 ،‫م‬2014 ،‫م‬2013 ،‫م‬2011 ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻋﻮام‬
.‫م‬2016‫و‬
 AASHTO Steel Guide Specifications for ،‫اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬ 
Horizontally Curved Steel Girder Highway ‫ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺎت اﻟﺸﻮارع ﻟﺠﺴﻮر اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
Bridges. American Association of State ‫ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬.‫واﻟﺸﻮارع ذات اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻤﻘﻮﺳﺔ أﻓﻘﻴًﺎ‬
Highway and Transportation Officials .‫اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
(AASHTO).
 LRFD Guide Specifications for the Design of ،‫ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺟﺴﻮر اﻟﻤﺸﺎة‬LRFD 
Pedestrian Bridges, 2nd Edition, 2015 Interim .‫م‬2015 ‫ اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﺎم‬،‫اﻹﺻﺪار اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
Revisions.
 FHWA publication - FHWA - NH1-10-034 FHWA - NH1-10- - ‫إدارة اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ اﻟﻔﻴﺪراﻟﻴﺔ‬ 
Technical Manual for Design and Construction .‫ اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ وإﻧﺸﺎء أﻧﻔﺎق اﻟﻄﺮق‬034
of Road Tunnels.
153
 Manual for Railway Engineering, the American ‫ اﺗﺤﺎد ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬،‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﺗﺤﺎد ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﺴﻜﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ‬ 
Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way ‫ إﺻﺪار‬،(AREMA) ‫اﻟﺴﻜﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ وﺻﻴﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ‬
Association (AREMA), 2016 Edition. .‫م‬2016
 American Association of State Highway and ‫واﻟﻄﺮق‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬ 
Transportation Officials (AASHTO)/National ،(NSBA) ‫اﻻﺗﺤﺎد اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻮر اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬/‫اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
Steel Bridge Alliance (NSBA) Steel Bridge ."AASHTO/NSBA" ،‫وﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬
Collaboration documents for steel bridges
"AASHTO/NSBA".
 AASHTO Policy on Geometric Design of ،‫اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬ 
Highways and Structures. . ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ واﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
 Federal Highway Association FHWA Office of ‫ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت‬،‫اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﻴﺪراﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬ 
Bridge Technology Report No. FHNA-1F-02- .FHNA-1F-02-034 ‫ اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ رﻗﻢ‬،‫اﻟﺠﺴﻮر‬
034.
 Manual of Standard Practice, Concrete ‫ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬،‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ 
Reinforcing Steel Institute (CRSI). .(CRSI)
 PCI Bridge Design Manual, First Release, PCI, ،‫ دﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر‬،‫ﻣﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ‬ 
November 2011. .‫م‬2011 ‫ ﻧﻮﻓﻤﺒﺮ‬،‫اﻹﺻﺪار اﻷول‬
 Royal Commission for Saudi Arabia, ‫ اﻷدﻟﺔ‬،‫ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬،‫اﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ 
Guidelines for Aesthetics Design of ،‫ اﻹﺻﺪار اﻷول‬،‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
Transportation Structures,1st edition, 2016. .‫م‬2016
 Standard Specifications for Construction of ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻹﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻄﺮق واﻟﺠﺴﻮر و‬ 

Roads and Bridges of Federal Highway ‫ اﻹﺻﺪار‬،FP- 03 ،‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ اﻟﻔﻴﺪراﻟﻴﺔ‬
Projects, FP- 03, Publication No. Federal FHWA) A-FLH-) ،‫ إدارة اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ اﻟﻔﻴﺪراﻟﻴﺔ‬،‫رﻗﻢ‬
Highway Administration (FHWA) A-FLH-03- .03-002
002.
5.2 STRUCTURE GROUPS ‫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬5.2

The principles, guidelines, and requirements ‫ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ اﻟﻤﺒﺎدئ واﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا‬
specified under this subsection shall apply to the ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت ﻫﻴﺎ‬
transportation structures groups defined in TABLE ‫ وﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎت اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻷﻧﻮاع‬.(‫أ‬-1-5) ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬
5.1.A. The table provides concept designs for the ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻓﻮق ﻃﺮق ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ أو‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
types of structures that would be required to carry ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬.‫ﺳﻜﻚ ﺣﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ أو ﺗﻀﺎرﻳﺲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬
highways over existing roadways/railways and terrain. ‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺟﺴﻮر اﻟﻤﺸﺎة وﻫﻴﺎ‬
Additional structures also covered under this .‫اﻧﻔﺎق اﻟﻘﻄﻊ واﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﻫﻴﺎ‬
154
subsection include pedestrian bridges, earth

retaining structures and cut and cover tunnel
structures.
‫اﻟﺴﺎرﻳﺔ‬ ‫ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬A.5.1 ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬

Table 5.1.A Applicable Structures
‫ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﻬﻴ‬ ‫اﻹﻋﺪادات‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE TYPE CONFIGURATION GROUP
DESIGNATION
‫ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎرة ﺻﻨﺪوﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬/‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬/‫ﻗﻮﺳﻴﺔ‬/‫ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ‬
‫ﺧﺮﺳﻨﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬/‫ﻋّﺒﺎرة ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻮق ﻋّﺒﺎرة‬
PRECAST BOX/THREE-SIDED/ARCH/ DRAINAGE/UTILITY 1
ROADWAY OVER CULVERT
REINFORCED CONCRETE CULVERT
/UNREINFORCED CONCRETE
CULVERT STRUCTURES
‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬/‫ﻗﻮﺳﻴﺔ‬/‫ﻋﺒﺎرات ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻮق ﺧﻂ أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﺴﺮ ﻓﻮق ﺧﻂ أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬
ROADWAY OVER BRIDGE OVER 2
THREE-SIDED/ARCH REINFORCED
PIPELINES PIPELINES
CONCRETE CULVERT STRUCTURES
‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ‬/‫ﻣﺴﻠﺢ‬/‫ﻣﺴﺒﻖ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬ ‫ﻫﻴ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﺎرﻳﺲ‬/‫ﺟﺴﺮ ﻓﻮق ﻗﻨﺎة‬
‫ﺗﻀﺎرﻳﺲ‬/‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻮق ﻗﻨﺎة ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﻗﻮﺳﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
ROADWAY OVER
PRESTRESSED/REINFORCED/THREE- BRIDGE OVER 3
DRAINAGE CHANNEL/
SIDED/ARCH REINFORCED DRAINAGE
TERRAIN
CONCRETE STRUCTURE CHANNEL/TERRAIN
‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬/‫ﻣﺴﺒﻖ اﻹْﺟﻬﺎد‬ ‫ﻫﻴ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻮق ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺟﺴﺮ ﻓﻮق ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
PRESTRESSED/REINFORCED ROADWAY OVER BRIDGE OVER 4
CONCRETE STRUCTURE ROADWAY ROADWAY
‫ﻫﻴ‬/‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ‬/‫ﻣﺴﺒﻖ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬ ‫ﻫﻴ‬
‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬/‫ﻗﻮﺳﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻮق ﻣﺴﺎر ﺳﻜﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺟﺴﺮ ﻓﻮق ﺳﻜﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬
PRESTRESSED/THREE-SIDED/ARCH ROADWAY OVER RAILWAY 5
BRIDGE OVER RAIL
REINFORCED CONCRETE TRACK
STRUCTURE/REINFORCED
CONCRETE STRUCTURE
155
5.3 PRELIMINARY DESIGN AND PLANNING ‫ اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ واﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺒﺪﺋﻲ‬5.3

5.3.1 SCOPING ‫ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬5.3.1
 During scoping/early planning phase of the ‫اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ‬/‫أﺛﻨﺎء ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬ 
project the A/E shall establish genuine ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ‬/‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوع ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
consensus about the nature of the proposed ‫ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﻋﺎم ﺑﺨﺼﻮص ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح وﻣﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ‬
project and what is to be accomplished :‫إﻧﺠﺎزه ﺑﺨﺼﻮص‬
regarding:
 Project Objectives ‫أﻫﺪاف اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬ 
 Design Criteria ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟّﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 
 Feasible Alternates, and Reasonable Cost ٍ ‫اﻟﺒﺪاﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﺪﻳﺔ وﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮات اﻟﺘ ﻟﻴﻒ اﻟﻤﻌﻘﻮﻟﺔ ﻟ‬ 
Estimate(s) for each.
5.3.2 STRUCTURE GEOMETRY ‫ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻬﻴ‬5.3.2

 Alignment and Layout ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎذاة واﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ‬ 
o Alignment and layout of structures ‫ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﺎذاة وﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
shall be established based on the ‫اﻟﻨﻮاﺣﻲ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺤﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬
geometry of the feature the structure ‫وﻳﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ وﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬
carries and crosses, and the .‫ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
structure's aesthetics design criteria
of the project.
o Structure's horizontal alignment for ‫ﻳﺠﺐ إﻋﺪاد اﻟﻤﺤﺎذاة اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻂ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي‬ o
centreline and foundation setting out ‫وﻧﻘﺎط إﻋﺪاد اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﺤﺎذاة‬
points, shall be established in . ‫وﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
accordance with the structure's
alignment and layout.
o Vertical alignment for Groups 3, 4, and ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺤﺎذاة اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
5 structures shall be established in ‫اﻟﻔﺌﺎت اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ واﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ واﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬
accordance with the profile of the ‫ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻠﻬﺎ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
roadways they carry and shall meet ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﺧﻠﻮص اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﺮأﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﺘﻲ‬
controlling vertical clearance . ‫ﺗﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
requirements for the features the
structures cross.
o Vertical alignment and profile for ‫أﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﺤﺎذاة اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ وﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻔﺌﺎت اﻷوﻟﻰ‬ o
Groups 1 and 2 structures, profile and ‫ﻓﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
vertical clearance requirements shall ‫أو ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬/‫واﻟﺨﻠﻮص ﻟﻨﻮع اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام و‬
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be governed by the type of . ‫اﻟﺠﻬﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬

application and/or those of the
authorities having jurisdiction over the
structures.
o Horizontal and vertical alignments for ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺎذاة اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ واﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬ o
all structures shall meet the horizontal ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺨﻠﻮص اﻟﺮأﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
and vertical clearance requirements ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬ ‫واﻷﻓﻘﻲ‬
of the geometric design criteria of the .‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوع‬
project.
o Structure's length shall be determined ‫ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎر‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﻮل اﻟﻬﻴ‬ o
based on the roadway alignment, ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ وﻋﺮض اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ وﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
width of the feature crossed, ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ واﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎرات اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ و‬
geotechnical site conditions, .‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوع‬
economy, and aesthetic requirements
of the project.
o Structure's width shall be determined ‫ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴٍﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﺮض اﻟﻬﻴ ﺑﻨﺎًء‬ o
based on the width of the roadway the ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺮض اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺤﻤﻠﻪ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
structure carries and the specific ‫واﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ اﻟﻤﺪرﺟﺔ ﻓﻲ أﻫﺪاف‬
requirements in the project .‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
objectives.
o Structures area shall be calculated ‫ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
based on abutment centerline to ‫اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﻟﻠﻜﺘﻒ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﻟﻠﻄﻮل‬
centerline length and structure's . ‫وﻋﺮض اﻟﻬﻴ‬
width.
 Vertical Clearance ‫اﻟُﺨُﻠﻮص اﻟﺮأﺳﻲ‬ 

o Vertical clearance to sign supports ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺨﻠﻮص اﻟﺮأﺳﻲ ﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت‬ o
and pedestrian overpasses shall be ‫اﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت وﻣﻌﺎﺑﺮ اﻟﻤﺸﺎة اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ أﻛﺒﺮ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬
500 mm greater than highway ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻮص ﻫﻴ‬500
structure clearance and vertical ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ اﻟﺨﻠﻮص اﻟﺮأﺳﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬
clearance from the roadway to ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮة‬ ‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻒ اﻟﺮأﺳﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎرض ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬
overhead cross bracing of through .‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬5.5 ‫ﻟﺠﻤﻠﻮن ﻋﻦ‬
truss structures shall not be less than
5.5 m.
o Structures over navigable waters shall ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ اﻟﺨﻠﻮص اﻟﺮأﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
have a minimum vertical clearance of ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬6.5 ‫ﻓﻮق ﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﻼﺣﺔ ﻋﻦ‬
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6.5 m above maximum navigable pool ‫ﻓﻮق اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع اﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻼﺣﺔ‬
elevation or as determined based on ‫أو ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ُﻳﺤﺪد ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ‬
the design vessel. Specified minimum ‫ ﻳﺠﺮي ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
clearance is estimated based on ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻮص اﻷدﻧﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬
clearance requirements for common (‫اﻟﺨﻠﻮص ﻟﻠﻘﻮارب اﻟﻤﺴﻄﺤﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ )اﻟﺒﺎرﺟﺎت‬
barges with tug boats, sailing boats, ‫ﻄﺮ واﻟﻴﺨﻮت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﺤﺮ ﻓﻲ‬
ْ ‫ﻣﻊ ﻗﻮارب اﻟﻘ‬
and yachts navigating similar ‫ﻣﺴﺎرات ﻣﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻌﺒﺮﻫﺎ‬
waterways to those crossed by the ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬4.5 ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻤﻖ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻋﻦ‬. ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬
structures. Water depth shall be no ‫ﻣﻦ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻲ أو‬
less than 4.5 m from normal pool ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ُﻳﺤﺪد ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
elevation or as determined based on ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ دراﺳﺔ اﻟُﺨُﻠﻮص اﻟﺮأﺳﻲ ﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬.‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻲ‬
investigation of the specific site. ‫ دون‬،‫ﻓﻮق ﻣﻤﺮ ﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﻼﺣﺔ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ‬
Actual vertical clearance for a bridge ‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﺨﻠﻮص اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ وﺑﻌﺪ‬،‫ﺣﺼﺮ‬
over navigable waterway may be ‫اﻟﺠﺴﺮ وﻧﻮع وﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﺴﻔﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻤﺮ‬
investigated based on, but not limited ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺤﺪد اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻲ‬
to, existing, upstream and ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﺨﺼﻮص زﻳﺎدة اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
downstream clearances, and type and ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻠﻮص اﻟﺮأﺳﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
size of vessels utilizing the waterway. ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻌﺎدي‬.‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬
The GDMP/ Amanat shall make ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻤﺪ أو‬
determination on increasing the ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻤﺪ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
specified minimum vertical ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ‬.‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟُﺨُﻠﻮص اﻟﺮأﺳﻲ‬
clearances based on the outcome of ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻤﻖ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻣﻦ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻌﺎدي‬
the investigation. Ordinary high-water ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻤﺪ أو ﻣﻦ‬
elevation for non-tidal or mean high .‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻤﺪ‬
water for tidal areas shall be used
when determining minimum vertical
clearance. Water depth shall be
determined from normal pool
elevation in non-tidal waters or mean
sea level in tidal areas.
o Navigational clearances, both ‫ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﺧﻠﻮص اﻟﻤﻼﺣﺔ‬ o

horizontal and vertical, shall be ‫اﻟﺴﻮاﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺮس‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎون‬ ،‫واﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬
established in cooperation with the ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ وﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى‬
Kingdom Coast Guard and .‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ داﺋﺮة اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻘﻊ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
coordinated with other agencies
having jurisdiction over the structure.
o Reduction in vertical clearance due to ‫وﻳﺠﺐ اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎط إﻟﻰ اﻧﺨﻔﺎض اﻟُﺨُﻠﻮص اﻟﺮأﺳﻲ‬ o
support settlement shall be ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻫﺒﻮط اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت ﻓﻲ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎت اﻟُﺨُﻠﻮص‬
accounted for in the vertical
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clearance calculations, if such 25 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻬﺒﻮط‬،‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻲ‬

settlement exceeds 25 mm. .‫ﻣﻠﻢ‬
 Hydraulic Clearance ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻮص اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬ 

o Hydraulic structures falling under ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
Group 1 shall be designed such that ‫ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﻔﺌﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ‬
adequate opening is provided for a .‫ ﻋﺎم ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻮل وﻟﻤﺮور أي أﻧﻘﺎض‬100 ‫ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
100-years design flood and for the ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﻟﻌﺎﺋﻢ اﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ‬300 ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أﺧﺬ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
passage of debris. A minimum ‫ﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫ ﻋﺎم ﻛﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬100 ‫ﻟﺴﻴﻮل‬
freeboard of 300 mm for the 100- ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻮص‬
years flood shall be considered as ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬750 ‫ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ زﻳﺎدة اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻢ إﻟﻰ‬.‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬
satisfying normal hydraulic clearance ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺳﺪ اﻷﻧﻘﺎض‬
requirements for Saudi Arabia. The ‫ وﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺔ‬. ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
freeboard may be increased to 750 ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎرف ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪة اﻟﺘﻲ‬
mm for sites where the risk of debris ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ وﺗﺴﻤﺢ‬600 ‫ﺗﻔﻀﻞ ﻋﺎﺋﻢ ﺳﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﻳﺴﺎوي‬
clogging the structure is high. This ‫اﻷﻧﻘﺎض اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺮاﻛﻢ‬/‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﻟﻠﺮﻣﺎل‬150 ‫ﺑﺰﻳﺎدة‬
requirement follows common .‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎع اﻟﻌّﺒﺎرة‬
practice in the US which calls for a
minimum of 600 mm of freeboard and
allowing for an additional 150 mm for
sand/debris depositing in the bottom
of the culvert.
o The minimum freeboard may be ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ زﻳﺎدة اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻟﻌﺎﺋﻢ اﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﻨﺎًء‬ o
increased, based on additional ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﻷﻧﻘﺎض ﻓﻲ‬
investigation at the site's history of ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ واﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮات ﻓﻲ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ‬
debris, changes in water surface ‫وﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ اﻷﻧﻘﺎض واﻷﺿﺮار اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ودرﺟﺔ‬
elevations, consequence of debris .‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻹﺻﻼﺣﺎت اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ‬
clogging, potential damage, and the
degree of difficulty of performing
necessary repairs.
 Structure Roadbed ‫أرﺿﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﻴ‬ 

o Width ‫اﻟﻌﺮض‬ o
The full road cross section is to be carried over bridge .‫اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻲ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻮق ﻫﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬
structures. Concrete bridge railing shall be installed ‫وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻗﻀﺒﺎن اﻟﺠﺴﺮ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻨﺎرﻳﻮﻫﺎت‬
under the following scenarios: :‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
 At outer edges. .‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺤﻮاف اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬ 

 On all roads in the Industrial area and ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﻀﺒﺎن اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺘﺮ واﺣﺪ‬ 
on freeways in the community area, ‫ﺧﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﻤﺸﻰ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻄﺮﻗﺎت‬
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where the median is at least 8 m wide, ‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ وﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
bridge railing shall be placed 1 m ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﺮض اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮة‬
behind the side walk. This 1 m shall be ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ إﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬.‫ أﻣﺘﺎر‬8 ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ‬
constructed as a raised sidewalk, ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺮ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﻫﺬه ﻛﻤﻤﺸﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻋﺒﺮ‬
locally across the structure only, in ‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻤﺮﻳﺮ ﻗﻨﻮات‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬
which utility ducts/troughs may be ‫وﻣﺴﺎرات اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﻹﻧﺎرة اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬
provided for street lighting and .‫وﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻼت ﻫﺎﺗﻒ اﻟﻄﻮارئ‬
emergency telephone cables.
 On community roads, other than ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ وﺿﻊ ﻗﻀﺒﺎن اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﺧﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﻤﺸﻰ‬ 
freeways, the bridge railing may be ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺮق‬1 ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ اﻟﻌﺎدي اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ‬
located behind the normal 1 m .‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﺧﻼف اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
sidewalk.
o Median Edge ‫ﺣﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮة اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻴﺔ‬ o

 On freeway bridges, railing shall be ‫ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن ﻓﻲ ﺟﺴﻮر اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺧﻠﻒ‬ 
located immediately behind the 1 m .‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬1 ‫اﻟﻜﺘﻒ اﻟﻤﺮﺻﻮف اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ‬
paved shoulder.
 On expressways, where the normal ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻠﻤﻘﻄﻊ‬ 
cross section has a raised median ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻲ اﻟﻌﺎدي ﺟﺰﻳﺮة وﺳﻄﻴﺔ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﺑﺪون‬
with no hard shoulder, the median ‫أﻛﺘﺎف ﺻﻠﺒﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ رﻓﻊ ﺑﺮدور اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮة اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻴﺔ‬
curb shall be carried over the ‫ﻣﻊ وﺿﻊ ﻗﻀﺒﺎن اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق اﻟﻬﻴ‬
structure with the bridge railing .‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺘﺮ واﺣﺪ ﺧﻠﻒ واﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﺒﺮدور‬
located 1 m behind the face of the
curb.
 In case of collector roads or other ‫وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻌﻴﺔ أو أي ﺣﺎﻟﺔ أﺧﺮى‬ 
situations with narrow medians, the ‫ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮة اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻴﺔ ﺿﻴﻘﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺰوﻳﺪ‬
median shall be decked unless ‫اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮة اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﻄﺢ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﻹدارة‬
directed otherwise by the GDMP/ .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﺨﻼف ذﻟﻚ‬/‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
Amanat.
o Alignment at Structures ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎذاة ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o

 Super-elevation transitions almost ‫ﺗﺆدي ﺗﻐﻴﺮات اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻔﺎﺋﻖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ إﻟﻰ‬ 
always result in an unsightly .‫ﻣﻈﻬﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﺒﻮل ﻟﻠﺠﺴﺮ وﻗﻀﺒﺎن اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
appearance of the bridge and the ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺒﺪأ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎت‬،‫ إن أﻣﻜﻦ‬،‫وﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
bridge railing. Therefore, if possible, ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ وﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
horizontal curves should begin and ‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﻤﺘﺪ أي ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻔﺎﺋﻖ إﻟﻰ‬
end a sufficient distance from the .‫داﺧﻞ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
bridge so that no part of the super-
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elevation transition extends onto the

bridge.
 If the super-elevation transition is ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﻋﺪم ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺗﻐﻴﺮات اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع‬ 
unavoidable because of alignment ،‫أو اﻋﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬/‫اﻟﻔﺎﺋﻖ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻤﺤﺎذاة و‬
and/or safety considerations, the AE ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ أو ﻣﻘﺎول‬/‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
and or EPC Contractor shall prepare ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎت واﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ إﻋﺪاد ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
special rendering of the structure with ‫ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺎص ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
proposed treatment to reduce the ‫أﺛﺮ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻔﺎﺋﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻮاﺣﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
super-elevation impact on the . ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
structures' aesthetics.
o Depressed grade line under ‫ﺧﻂ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻬﻴ‬ o

structures
 It frequently simplifies bridge design if ‫ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت‬ 

the low point in the grade line is set a ‫أﺳﻬﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل وﺿﻊ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
sufficient distance from the ‫ﺧﻂ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬
intersection of the centrelines of the ‫واﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
structure and the highway so that ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻎ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
drainage structures clear the . ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻬﻴ‬
structure footings.
o Grade line on bridge decks ‫ﺧﻂ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ أرﺿﻴﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ o

 Vertical curves on bridge decks shall ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎت اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أرﺿﻴﺎت‬ 
provide a minimum fall of 70 mm per 100 ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﻓﻲ‬70 ‫اﻟﺠﺴﺮ اﻧﺨﻔﺎض ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬
100 m. The flattest allowable tangent ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺘﻤﺎس اﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬.‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
grade shall be 0.12%, but on long ‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر‬%0.12 ‫ﺗﺴﻄﺤًﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻪ‬
bridges where drainage is confined to ‫اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻨﺤﺼﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
the bridge deck, this shall be .%0.25 ‫اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﺗﺠﺐ زﻳﺎدة ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ إﻟﻰ‬
increased to 0.25%.
 Structures Over Existing Roads ‫ﻓﻮق اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 

o Every effort shall be made to phase ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺑﺬل أﻗﺼﻰ اﻟﺠﻬﻮد ﻟﺘﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ o
work in such a way that traffic may be ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬
re-routed away from bridges which ‫اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻴﺠﺮي اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
have to be constructed over existing ،‫ وﺑﺪًﻻ ﻋﻦ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫إﻧﺸﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻓﻮق اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬
roads. Alternatively, and subject to ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺸﺎري‬،‫ووﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﺤﻖ اﻟﻤﺮور اﻟﻤﺘﺎح‬
available right of way (ROW), the A/E ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬/‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
may include temporary details in the ‫ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ إﻧﺸﺎء‬،‫ وﻛﺤﻞ أﺧﻴﺮ‬.‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ‬
Contract. As a last resort, where
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falsework has to be erected over ‫ﺳﻘﺎﻻت ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ ﻓﻮق اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ أﺛﻨﺎء‬
traffic during construction, the :‫اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺘﻘﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
following criteria shall be followed:
o The minimum width of traffic opening ‫ب( أﻗﻞ ﻋﺮض ﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎت‬-1-5) ‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺠﺪول‬ o
through falsework for various lane and ‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺴﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬
shoulder requirements is shown in .‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎرات واﻷﻛﺘﺎف‬
Table 5.1.B
o When metal beam guardrail is used to ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل اﺳﺘﺨﺪام دراﺑﺰﻳﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت‬ o
protect the false work, space must be ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺴﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ‬
provided for its bending/deformation ‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻹﻧﺤﻨﺎءاﺗﻬﺎ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
as per the Kingdom - Highway Design ‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮق‬
Manual. .‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬
o In special cases, where existing ‫ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻌﺬر ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬،‫وﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬ o
restraints make it impractical to ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻘﻴﻮد اﻻﻟﺘﺰام ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻟﻌﺮض‬
comply with the minimum widths of ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺎت اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺪول‬
traffic openings set forth in TABLE ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﺮض أﻗﻞ ﺷﺮط‬،(‫ب‬-1-5)
5.1.B, a lesser width may be used if /‫ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
approved by the GDMP/ Amanat. .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬
o The minimum temporary vertical 4.5 ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ اﻟُﺨُﻠﻮص اﻟﺮأﺳﻲ اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ ﻋﻦ‬ o
clearance shall be 4.5 m. .‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
o The use of temporary vertical ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ o
clearances less than 4.5 m shall ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺧﻠﻮص‬/‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
require approval by the GDMP/ .‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬4.5 ‫رأﺳﻲ ﻣﺆﻗﺖ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
Amanat.
o To establish the grade of a structure ‫اﻟﻤﺰﻣﻊ إﻧﺸﺎؤه‬ ‫وﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻬﻴ‬ o

to be constructed with a falsework ‫ﺑﻔﺘﺤﺎت ﺳﻘﺎﻻت ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎط ﻟﻌﻤﻖ‬
opening, allowance must be made for .‫اﻟﺴﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬
the depth of the falsework.
o Where vertical clearances, either ‫ اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ‬،‫ﻧﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﺨﻠﻮص اﻟﺮأﺳﻲ‬ ‫إذا‬ o

temporary or permanent, are critical, ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ اﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ‬،‫أو اﻟﺪاﺋﻢ‬
close coordination shall be required ‫ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺣﻴﺚ‬
during the early design stage when ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ وأﻋﻤﺎق‬
the preliminary grades, structure ‫وأﻋﻤﺎق اﻟﺴﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ دون إﺟﺮاء‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬
depths and falsework depths may be .‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﺟﻮﻫﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
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adjusted without incurring major

design changes.
o Because the width of traffic openings ‫وﺣﻴﺚ أن ﻋﺮض ﻓﺘﺤﺎت اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮرﻳﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ‬ o
through falsework may significantly ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺸ‬
affect costs, special care shall be ‫اﻟﺘ ﻟﻴﻒ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺑﺬل ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﺮض‬
given to determining opening widths. :‫ وﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬.‫ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎت‬
The following shall be considered:
 Staging and traffic handling .‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻻﻧﻄﻼق وﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ‬ 

requirements.
 The width of approach roadbed at the .‫ﻋﺮض ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻻﻗﺘﺮاب ﻓﻲ وﻗﺖ إﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ 
time the bridge is constructed.
 Traffic volumes. .‫ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ‬ 
 Controls in the form of existing ‫ﻣﺮاﻓﻖ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ‬ 

facilities.
 MOT requirements. ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت وزارة اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ 
o Practical problems of falsework ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ إﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﺴﻘﺎﻻت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎ‬ o

construction: :‫اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬
 After establishing the opening ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ إﺟﺮاء‬،‫ﺑﻌﺪ وﺿﻊ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎت‬ 
requirements, a field review of the ‫ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪم‬
bridge site shall be made to ensure ‫ﺗﻀﺎرب اﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻖ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ )اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ واﻟﺠﺴﻮر أو‬
that existing facilities (drainage, other .‫اﻟﻄﺮق اﻷﺧﺮى( ﻣﻊ اﻟﺴﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬
bridges or roadways) are not in
conflict with the falsework.
 Advance warning devices shall be ‫وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ أو ﻋﺮض أﺟﻬﺰة اﻹﻧﺬار اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ ﻓﻲ‬ 
specified or shown on the plans. Such ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺟﻬﺰة‬.‫اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎت‬
devices may consist of flashing lights, ‫اﻷﺿﻮاء اﻟﻮّﻣﺎﺿﺔ واﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ وأﺟﻬﺰة‬
overhead signs, over-height ‫ﻛﺸﻒ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺰاﺋﺪ أو ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه‬
detectors, or a combination of these .‫اﻷﺟﻬﺰة أو ﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
or other devices.
 Placement and removal of falsework ‫وﻳﺤﺘﺎج إﻧﺸﺎء وإزاﻟﺔ اﻟﺴﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ إﻟﻰ‬ 
requires special consideration. During ‫ وﺧﻼل ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت إﻣﺎ أن ُﺗﻮﻗﻒ‬.‫ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬
these operations, traffic shall either ‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻔﺘﺮات ﻗﺼﻴﺮة أو ُﺗﺤﻮل ﺑﻌﻴﺪًا‬
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be stropped for short intervals or ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺠﺮي ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ أو‬
diverted away from the span where .‫إزاﻟﺔ اﻟﺴﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬
placement or removal operations are
being performed.
 Railing ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ اﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن‬ 

o General ‫ﻋﺎم‬ o
o Concrete safety bridge railing shall be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻗﻀﺒﺎن اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻮر‬ o
used on all bridges as per MOT and ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
AASHTO standards. ‫وزارة اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ‬
.(AASHTO) ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
o Approach Railings ‫دراﺑﺰﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ o
 Approach railings shall be provided at ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ دراﺑﺰﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬ 
the ends of bridge railings, exposed to ‫ﻗﻀﺒﺎن اﻟﺠﺴﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻻﻗﺘﺮاب اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬
approach traffic. On divided highways, ‫ وﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺴﻮﻣﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ‬
railings shall be placed to the left and ‫ﻳﺠﺐ وﺿﻊ اﻟﺪراﺑﺰﻳﻦ إﻟﻰ ِﺷﻤﺎل وﻳﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
right of approach traffic. On two way ‫ أﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺮق ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬.‫اﻗﺘﺮاب اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ‬
roadbeds, railings shall be placed on ‫اﻻﺗﺠﺎه ﻓﻴﺠﺐ وﺿﻊ اﻟﺪراﺑﺰﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬
both sides of each end of the . ‫ﻃﺮف ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
structure.
 Metal beam guardrail, with cable ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام دراﺑﺰﻳﻨﺎت اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬ 
anchor breakaway, shall be used for ‫ﻣﻊ إرﺳﺎء ﺑﺎﻟ ﺑﻼت ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﻔﺼﻞ ﻓﻲ دراﺑﺰﻳﻦ‬
bridge approach railing. However, ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬، ٍ ‫ وﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ﻣﺪاﺧﻞ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر‬
concrete "safety shape" rail may be ‫أﺷ ل اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻈﻬﺮ‬
used for better appearance where ‫أو ﻗﻨﻮات ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‬ ‫أﻓﻀﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل وﺟﻮد ﻫﻴﺎ‬
long structures/viaducts are involved, .‫دراﺑﺰﻳﻨﺎت ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
and the structure has concrete bridge
railing.
 When long runs of guardrail (such as ‫وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل وﺟﻮد دراﺑﺰﻳﻨﺎت أﻣﺎن ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ )ﻣﺜﻞ‬ 
embankment guardrail) precede the ‫دراﺑﺰﻳﻨﺎت اﻟﺮدﻣﻴﺎت( ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺘﺼﻞ‬
bridge, the guardrail shall connect to ‫دراﺑﺰﻳﻦ اﻷﻣﺎن ﺑﺪراﺑﺰﻳﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻳﺆدي‬
the bridge railing and thus serve the ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺎت‬.‫ﻣﻬﻤﺔ دراﺑﺰﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﺪاﺧﻞ‬
approach railing function. Approach ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻓﺔ ﻟ ﻘﻀﺒﺎن دراﺑﺰﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﺪاﺧﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺷ‬
railings shall be flared at their exposed .‫ﺑﻮﻗﻲ أو ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﻲ‬
end.
 Physical connection shall be provided ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ رﺑﻂ ﻣﺎدي ﺑﻴﻦ دراﺑﺰﻳﻨﺎت اﻟﻤﺪاﺧﻞ‬ 
between approach rails and bridge ‫ودراﺑﺰﻳﻨﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﺤﺮاف‬
164
rails to prevent vehicles from ‫وﺗﺠﺎوز دراﺑﺰﻳﻨﺎت اﻷﻣﺎن واﻻﺗﺠﺎه إﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﺰء‬
deflecting the guardrail and continue .‫اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺻﻼﺑًﺔ ﻣﻦ دراﺑﺰﻳﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
driving onto the end of the more rigid
bridge railing.
 Drainage ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ 
o Transverse drainage of the bridge ‫ﻳﺠﺐ إﻧﺠﺎز اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌِﺮض ﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ o
roadway shall be accomplished by ‫ﺑﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺗﺤﺪب ﻣﻼﺋﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻲ‬
providing a suitable crown in the .‫ﺣﻴﻦ ُﻳﻨﻔﺬ اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺪب أو اﻟﺘﺪرج‬
roadway surface and longitudinal ‫وﻳﺠﺐ اﻋﺘﺮاض اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻤﺘﺪﻓﻘﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻷﺳﻔﻞ‬
drainage shall be accomplished by ‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻓﺘﺤﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ وﻣﻨﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
camber or gradient. Water flowing .‫اﻟﺠﺮﻳﺎن ﻓﻮق اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
downgrade in a gutter section shall be
intercepted and not permitted to run
onto the bridge.
o Short continuous span bridges, ،‫ ﺧﺼﻮﺻًﺎ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﺑﺮ‬،‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﺠﺴﻮر اﻟﻘﺼﻴﺮة‬ o

particularly overpasses, may be built ‫دون ﻣﺪاﺧﻞ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
without inlets and the water from the ‫إﻟﻰ اﻷﺳﻔﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻗﻨﻮات ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ وﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ‬
bridge roadway carried downslope by ‫ أﻣﺎ اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬.‫اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺒًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻫﻴ‬
open and closed chutes near the end ‫اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻓﻴﺘﻢ ﻓﺘﺤﺎت‬
of the bridge structure. Longitudinal ‫ﻧﺰح أو ﻣﺪاﺧﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻋﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺠﻢ واﻟﻌﺪد‬
drainage on long bridges is ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎب اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻣﻦ ﻓﺘﺤﺎت‬
accomplished by means of scuppers .‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
or inlets, of the required sizes and
numbers to drain the gutters.
o Downspouts, where required, shall be ‫ ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ دﻋﺖ‬،‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻤﺮات اﻻﻧﺴﻴﺎب‬ o

of rigid corrosion-resistant materials ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﺻﻠﺒﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬،‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬
shall be provided with cleanouts. The ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن‬.‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ُﺗﺰود ﺑﻔﺘﺤﺎت ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ‬
details of deck drains shall be such as ‫ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﺘﺤﺎت ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
to prevent the discharge of drainage ‫ﺗﻤﻨﻊ دﻓﻊ ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺎه أي ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ‬
water against any portion of the ‫وﺗﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺪاﺧﻞ ﻣﻤﺮات‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬
structure and to prevent erosion at ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺰوﻳﺪ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ‬.‫اﻻﻧﺴﻴﺎب‬
the outlet of the downspout. ‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﺮ ﺑﻔﺘﺤﺎت ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
Overhanging portions of concrete .‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬100 ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
deck shall be provided with a drip
notch located 100 mm from the edge
of the deck.
165
o The number and size of deck drains ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻋﺪد وﺣﺠﻢ ﻓﺘﺤﺎت ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ o
shall be kept to a minimum and be ‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ وأن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺘﺴﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ‬
consistent with hydraulic design .‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ‬
requirements.
o The minimum internal dimension of ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺎرات اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ o
the downspout shall be not less than .‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬300 ‫ﻋﻦ‬
300 mm.
o Proper drainage details shall be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﺧﻠﻒ‬ o
provided behind abutment wingwalls ‫اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﺘﻒ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻻ ﺗﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬
such that runoff water is not collected .‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﺎرﻳﺔ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺠﺪران‬
at the back of the walls (behind the
walls).
o Proper drainage details shall be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﺧﻠﻒ‬ o
provided behind culvert end walls and ‫اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﺘﻒ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻻ ﺗﺘﺠﻤﻊ‬
wingwalls such that runoff water is not ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ وﺿﻊ‬.‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﺎرﻳﺔ ﺧﻠﻒ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺠﺪران‬
collected at the back of the walls. ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ أو‬500 ‫ﺗﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﺣﺠﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻼط ﺑﻌﺮض‬
Grouted riprap 500 mm wide or ‫ﺧﻨﺪق ﺻﺮف ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻌﺮض ﻟﻬﺬه‬
concrete swale of similar width shall .‫اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ‬
be provided at these locations.
o Additional drainage considerations: :‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻋﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬ o
 Provide a minimum 100 mm ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬100 ‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺑﺮوز ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬ 
projection below the lowest .‫اﻟﻔﻮﻗﻲ‬ ‫اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
superstructure component.
 Location of pipe outlets shall be such ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﺪاﺧﻞ اﻷﻧﺒﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ‬ 
that 45 degrees splash zone will not .‫ درﺟﺔ وﻻ ﻳﺒﻠﻞ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬45 ‫ﻧﻄﺎق رش‬
dampen structural components.
 Use slots in parapets where practical ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﺘﺤﺎت أو ﺷﻘﻮق ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﻨﺎت‬ 

and permissible. .‫ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ن ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻤﻠﻴًﺎ وﻣﺴﻤﻮﺣًﺎ ﺑﻪ‬
 Provide drain clean-outs. .‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻓﺘﺤﺎت ﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﺠﺎري اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬ 
 Provide pipe drain bends no greater ‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ أﻛﻮاع أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻻ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ‬ 
than 45 degrees. .‫ درﺟﺔ‬45 ‫اﻧﺤﻨﺎءاﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
166
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Route bridge drainage runoff in a‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪manner‬‬ ‫‪meeting‬‬ ‫‪safety‬‬ ‫‪and‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ واﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪environmental requirements.‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﺪول ‪ B.5.1‬ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﺴﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ وﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻖ‬

‫‪TABLE 5.1.B: FALSEWORK SPAN AND DEPTH REQUIREMENTS‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺮور‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻖ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫ﻋﺮض‬ ‫اﻟِﻤﺮﻓﻖ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﻌﺎدي ‪2‬‬ ‫)ﻣﺘﺮ(‬
‫ﻟﻠﺴﻘﺎﻻت ‪1‬‬ ‫‪:‬اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻟـ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺘﻪ‬
‫‪RESULTING‬‬ ‫‪MINIMUM WIDTH OF‬‬
‫‪MINIMUM DEPTH‬‬ ‫‪OPENING WIDTH‬‬ ‫‪FACILITY TO BE‬‬
‫‪FALSEWORK‬‬ ‫‪TRAFFIC OPENING‬‬
‫‪REQUIRED FOR‬‬ ‫‪PROVIDED FOR:‬‬ ‫‪SPANNED‬‬
‫‪NORMAL‬‬ ‫)‪(M‬‬
‫‪FALSEWORK1‬‬
‫‪SPAN2‬‬
‫ﻣﻤﺮ واﺣﺪ ‪ 2.4 +‬ﻣﺘﺮ و‬
‫‪ 0.5‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫‪ 9.8‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ أﻛﺘﺎف ‪1.5‬‬
‫‪7.6‬‬
‫‪0.5 M‬‬ ‫‪9.8 M‬‬ ‫& ‪1 LANE + 2.4 M‬‬
‫‪1.5 M SHOULDERS‬‬
‫ﻣﻤﺮ واﺣﺪ ‪ 2.4 +‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫‪ 0.7‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫‪ 13.4‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫و‪ 1.5‬ﻣﺘﺮ أﻛﺘﺎف‬
‫‪11.3‬‬
‫‪0.7 M‬‬ ‫‪13.4 M‬‬ ‫& ‪2 LANE + 2.4 M‬‬
‫‪1.5 M SHOULDERS‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻤﺮ واﺣﺪ ‪ 2.4 +‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫‪FREEWAY‬‬
‫‪14.9‬‬
‫‪0.8 M‬‬ ‫‪17.1 M‬‬ ‫& ‪3 LANE + 2.4 M‬‬
‫‪18.6‬‬
‫‪1.0 M‬‬ ‫‪20.7 M‬‬ ‫& ‪4 LANE + 2.4 M‬‬
‫‪6.1‬‬
‫‪0.5 M‬‬ ‫‪0.5 M‬‬ ‫& ‪1 LANE + 0.6 M‬‬
‫ﻣﻤﺮان ‪ 0.6 +‬ﻣﺘﺮ و‪1.2‬‬
‫‪ 0.7‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫‪ 11.9‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ أﻛﺘﺎف‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎم‬
‫‪9.8‬‬
‫‪0.7 M‬‬ ‫‪11.9 M‬‬ ‫& ‪2 LANE + 0.6 M‬‬ ‫‪NON -FREEWAY‬‬
‫ﻣﻤﺮان ‪ 0.6 +‬ﻣﺘﺮ و‪2.4‬‬
‫‪ 0.8‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫‪ 14.3‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ أﻛﺘﺎف‬
‫‪12.2‬‬
‫‪0.8 M‬‬ ‫‪14.3 M‬‬ ‫& ‪2 LANE + 0.6 M‬‬
‫‪167‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺮور‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻖ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫ﻋﺮض‬ ‫اﻟِﻤﺮﻓﻖ‬
2 ‫اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﻌﺎدي‬ (‫)ﻣﺘﺮ‬
1 ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻘﺎﻻت‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻟـ‬: ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺘﻪ‬
RESULTING MINIMUM WIDTH OF
MINIMUM DEPTH OPENING WIDTH FACILITY TO BE
FALSEWORK TRAFFIC OPENING
REQUIRED FOR PROVIDED FOR: SPANNED
NORMAL (M)
FALSEWORK1
SPAN2
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬0.6 + ‫ ﻣﻤﺮات‬3
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬1.0 ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬18.0 ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ أﻛﺘﺎف‬2.4‫و‬
15.8
1.0 M 18.0 M 3 LANE + 0.6 M &
2.4 M SHOULDERS
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬0.6 + ‫ ﻣﻤﺮات‬4
‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬1.0 ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬21.6 ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ أﻛﺘﺎف‬2.4‫و‬
19.5
1.0 M 21.6 M 4 LANE + 0.6 M &
2.4 M SHOULDERS
5.4 STRUCTURE SELECTION ‫ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻬﻴ‬5.4

5.4.1 MATERIAL ‫ اﻟﻤﺎدة‬5.4.1
 Although concrete is the preferred material for ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ إﻻ أﻧﻪ‬ ‫رﻏﻢ أن اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
the transportation structures, steel may be ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ ﻛﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬
considered as an alternative material for ‫ ﻳﻘﺪم ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ إرﺷﺎدات ﺑﺨﺼﻮص اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬. ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
certain structures. This section provides ‫ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎرات اﻷﺧﺮى‬. ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟ ﻬﻴﺎ‬
guidance on use of steel for these structures. ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ ﻓﻲ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
Other factors related to consideration of steel ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺮوع اﻟ ﻲ واﻟﻨﻮاﺣﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬
for transportation structures include ‫اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻲ وﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻊ وﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ إﻧﺸﺎء ﺗﻠﻚ‬
structure's relationship to the total project, . ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
aesthetics, geographical location, site
accessibility, and constructability.
 Steel structures may be considered for the ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
following situations: :‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
o For curved spans with mid-ordinate ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺤﺎت‬ o
corrections exceeding 300 mm, if ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ إذا أﻣﻜﻦ اﺛﺒﺎت‬300 ‫وﺳﻄﻴﺔ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
their advantages over ‫ﺗﻔﻮق ﻣﻴﺰاﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻴﺰات اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬
prestressed/reinforced concrete .‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬/‫اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬
construction could be established.
o For spans with restricted clearances, ‫اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﺧﻠﻮص ﻣﻘﻴﺪة‬ o
if their smaller depth advantages over ‫إذا ﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﻣﻴﺰات ﻋﻤﻘﻬﺎ اﻷﺻﻐﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
prestressed concrete is .‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬
demonstrated.
168
o For locations where either long piles

or poor bearing capacity is ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ر ﺋﺰ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‬ o
anticipated, if their lighter weight ‫ن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫أو ﻗﺪرة ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ إذا‬
advantages over prestressed ‫إﺛﺒﺎت ﻣﻴﺰة وزﻧﻬﺎ اﻟﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
concrete could be substantiated. .‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬
o For pedestrian skyways between

buildings, pedestrian bridges, and for ‫ﻣﻤﺮات اﻟﻤﺸﺎة وﺟﺴﻮر اﻟﻤﺸﺎة اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ o
carrying utility lines over terrain. ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ وﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻊ ﻓﻮق اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬
.‫اﻟﻮﻋﺮة‬
o For spans on vertical curves, since the
camber can be fabricated and ‫اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻮق اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎت اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ o
controlled with greater accuracy, if ‫ﻃﺎﻟﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ إﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﺘﺤﺪب واﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
advantages over prestressed ‫ﺑﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪﻗﺔ إذا أﻣﻜﻦ إﺛﺒﺎت ﻣﺰاﻳﺎﻫﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬
concrete could be demonstrated. ‫ وﻻ ُﻳﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﺼﻮرة‬.‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬
Accommodating curve correction by ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ إدراج ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎت ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
placing a variable depth deck slab, ‫ﺑﻼﻃﺎت ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻖ ﺣﻴﺚ أﻧﻪ ﻳﺆدي إﻟﻰ‬
generally, is not desired as it results in ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ وﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻖ أﻛﺒﺮ‬
considerable additional dead load and . ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬
hence deeper structures.
5.4.2 CONCRETE SUPERSTRUCTURE

 Precast or cast-in-place concrete units ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬5.4.2
‫وﺣﺪات اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ أو اﻟﻤﺼﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ 
o Four-sided boxes have a maximum .‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
practical single cell span of ‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎدﻳﻖ ذات اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق‬ o
approximately 7.5 m. Their concrete .‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬7.5 ‫اﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺮدة ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ‬
inverts may raise objections in ‫وﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺮاﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ‬
sensitive fishing areas, where a ‫ﻣﺸ ﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘﺸﻄﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ‬
natural stream bed is preferred. ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻃﺮق‬.‫ُﻳﻔﻀﻞ وﺟﻮد ﻗﺎع ﻣﺠﺮى‬
Various methods may be used to ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺼﻨﺎدﻳﻖ ﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت‬
design these boxes which could be ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬30 ‫ أﻣﺘﺎر )ﺧﻠﻴﺔ واﺣﺪة( ﺣﺘﻰ‬3 ‫ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﺑﻴﻦ‬
used for spans ranging from 3 m .(‫)ﺧﻼﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة‬
(single cell) to 30 m (multiple cells).
o Three-sided units, with a frame or arch

corner shape, have a maximum span ‫ﻳﺒﻠﻎ أﻗﺼﻰ ﻧﻄﺎق ﻟﻠﻮﺣﺪات ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ‬ o
of approximately 12 m. These units ‫ ﻳﺘﻢ‬.‫ ﻣﺘﺮًا‬12 ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ إﻃﺎر أو زاوﻳﺔ ﻗﻮﺳﻴﺔ‬
are usually supported on strip ‫ﺗﺪﻋﻴﻢ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻮﺣﺪات ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎدة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ‬
footings founded on rock or piles. A ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬.‫أﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺨﺮ أو ر ﺋﺰ‬
169
precast or cast-in-place full invert ‫أﻳﻀًﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﻼﻃﺎت أو ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ذات راﺳﻢ‬
slab/footing unit may also be used. ‫ﻣﻞ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ أو ﻣﺼﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻠﻲ‬
.‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
o Both of the above units shall be used
with a minimum fill of 600 mm. ‫وﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺣﺪات أﻋﻼه‬ o
.‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬600 ‫ﺑﺮدم ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬
 Precast Arches
o Precast arch units are generally ‫اﻷﻗﻮاس ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬ 
available as proprietary systems of ‫ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ وﺣﺪات اﻷﻗﻮاس ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬ o
standard geometry designed for use ‫ﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ذات ﺳﻤﺎت ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣًﺔ‬
with specified fill properties. Industry ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻊ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ردم‬
standards should be consulted for ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺮﺟﻮع إﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬.‫ﻣﺤﺪدة‬
available arch sizes and limitations on ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻷﺣﺠﺎم اﻷﻗﻮاس اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮة واﻟﻘﻴﻮد‬
customization of those systems. .‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬
o Three-sided and precast arches units

may be used for many of the same ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام وﺣﺪات اﻷﻗﻮاس ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ o
situations identified for large pipes. In ‫اﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت‬
order to obtain the necessary ‫ وﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل‬.‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪة ﻟﻸﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ‬
headroom for some cases, the units ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
may be raised by supporting them on ‫رﻓﻊ اﻟﻮﺣﺪات ﺑﺘﺪﻋﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ر ﺋﺰ أو ﺟﺪران‬
pedestals or conventional retaining .‫اﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ ﻋﺎدﻳﺔ‬
walls.
o Use of multi-cell units to convey

waterways may not be appropriate ‫وﻗﺪ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮن اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻮﺣﺪات ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة‬ o
when the risk of debris catching and ‫اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ ﻣﻼﺋﻤًﺎ ﻟﻤﺠﺎري اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺧﻄﺮ‬
accumulating at the intermediate ‫ﺣﺒﺲ وﺗﺮاﻛﻢ اﻷﻧﻘﺎض ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ‬
piers is high. .‫اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﻋﺎﻟﻴًﺎ‬
 Spans Between 3 m and 30 m

o Prestressed concrete voided slabs of .‫ ﻣﺘﺮًا‬30 ‫ أﻣﺘﺎر إﻟﻰ‬3 ‫اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﺑﻴﻦ‬ 
standard AASHTO sections may be ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬ o
used to a maximum span of about 17.5 AASHTO ‫اﻹﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﻤﻔﺮﻏﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
m. Prestressed concrete box units, ‫ أﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬.‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬17.5 ‫ﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت ﻻ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
concrete I-beams, bulb-tee sections ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻷﻃﻮل ﻓُﺘﺴﺘﺨﺪم وﺣﺪات اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
are used for longer spans. ‫وﻋﺎرﺿﺎت‬ ،‫اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻨﺪوﻗﻴﺔ‬
.bulb-tee ‫ وﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬I-beams ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
o Prestressed box and voided slab
systems are generally designed with ‫ُﺗﺼﻤﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﺼﻨﺪوﻗﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﻔﺮﻏﺔ ﺑﺼﻮرة‬ o
diaphragms provided within unit ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﺤﻮاﺟﺰ داﺧﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ اﻟﻮﺣﺪات ﻋﻨﺪ‬
170
sections at each support to resist ‫دﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺪوران واﻹزاﺣﺔ واﻟﺘﺸﻮه‬

transverse rotations, displacements ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﻬﺎ ُﺗﺼﻤﻢ ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻋﺰم‬.‫اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻌﻲ‬
and cross sectional distortion. And ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺰق وﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ وﻗﻮى ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
designed to resist torsional moments .‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
and transmit vertical and shear forces
from the superstructure to the
bearings.
o Prestressed box and voided slab

structures must be analysed for ‫اﻟﺼﻨﺪوﻗﻴﺔ وﻫﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
construction loads and forces that ‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻤﻔﺮﻏﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل‬
arise during jacking of the structure ‫واﻟﻘﻮى اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ اﺛﻨﺎء رﻓﻊ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
during bearing maintenance and .‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ واﺳﺘﺒﺪال اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ‬
replacement.
o Intermediate diaphragms are required

for box and voided slab structures. ‫وﺗﻜﻮن ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﺤﻮاﺟﺰ اﻟﺘﻘﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻴﺔ‬ o
Diaphragm requirements and layout ‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬ ‫وﻫﻴﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻨﺪوﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬
are described in this manual. ‫ وﻗﺪ ﺗﻌﺮض ﻫﺬا اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬.‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮﻏﺔ‬
.‫ﺣﻮاﺟﺰ اﻟﺘﻘﻮﻳﺔ وﺗﺨﻄﻴﻄﻬﺎ‬
o Modified prestressed concrete box .‫ ﻣﺘﺮًا‬60 ‫ ﻣﺘﺮًا إﻟﻰ‬31 ‫اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﺑﻴﻦ‬ 
beams (modified shapes of standard ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬ o
AASHTO sections) up to 1.4 m deep ‫اﻟﺼﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻟﺔ )أﺷ ل ﻣﻌﺪﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬
may be used for spans up to 30 m. ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻟﻠﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ‬1.4 ‫( ﺑﻌﻤﻖ‬AASHTO
Modified prestressed concrete box ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬.‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬30 ‫ﻳﺼﻞ ﻃﻮﻟﻬﺎ ﺣﺘﻰ‬
beams up to 2 m deep may be used for ‫اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻟﺔ‬
continuous arrangements for spans ‫ﺑﻌﻤﻖ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻣﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻟﻠﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺼﻞ ﻃﻮﻟﻬﺎ‬
up to 45 m. Prestressed concrete I- ‫ أﻣﺎ ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬.‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬45 ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬
beams and bulb-tee beams ranging ‫ اﻟﺘﻲ‬bulb-tee‫ و‬I-beams ‫اﻟﺼﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع‬
from 1.4 m to 2.0 m in depth may be ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ‬2.0 ‫ إﻟﻰ‬1.4 ‫ﻳﺘﺮاوح ﻋﻤﻘﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
used for spans up to approximately 46 ‫ ﻣﺘﺮًا‬46 ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺣﺘﻰ‬
m. Composite steel plate girder ‫ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻐﻄﻲ ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت اﻷﻟﻮاح‬.‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒًﺎ‬
systems can easily and economically ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬
span this range. Once the single span ‫ وﺑﻤﺠﺮد أن ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز‬.‫اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت ﺑﺼﻮرٍة اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ‬
exceeds 50 m, alternate multiple span ‫ ﻣﺘﺮًا ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬50 ‫ﻧﻄﺎق ﻣﻔﺮد‬
arrangements shall be considered. ‫ وﺗﺠﺐ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬.‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎت اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة‬
The cost of additional substructures ‫اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘ ﻟﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺗ ﻔﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
must be compared to the greater .‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
superstructure cost.
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o Precast concrete beams are not

recommended for spans over 50 m. ‫وﻻ ُﻳﺴﺘﺤﺴﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ o
50 ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ ﻟﻠﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬
 Multiple Span Arrangements
o For multiple span bridges, a ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎت اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة‬ 
continuous design shall be adopted ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻮر ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت ﻳﺠﺐ‬ o
whenever possible to eliminate deck ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﺎ أﻣﻜﻦ ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ‬
joints. In the case of multiple simple ‫ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر‬.‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
span prestressed bridge, the deck ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت ﻳﺠﺐ أن‬
slab shall be made continuous for live ‫ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﻼﻃﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬
load over the intermediate supports. .‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻴﺔ‬
o If aesthetically acceptable,
arrangements ranging from equal ،‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ن اﻟﻤﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻘﺒﻮًﻻ‬،‫وﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ o
span viaduct type structures to ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎت ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
proportionally increasing span ratios ‫اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت ﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﻧﺴﺐ‬
shall be evaluated during preliminary ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ أﺛﻨﺎء‬،‫اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
design. .‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ‬
o Required beam depth for multiple

span, prestressed box and voided ‫اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت‬ ‫وﻳﻜﻮن ﻋﻤﻖ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺔ ﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
slab structures is the same as for a ‫اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻨﺎدﻳﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة‬
single span with the identical span ‫واﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻤﻔﺮﻏﺔ ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﻳًﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ‬
length. .‫ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﻃﻮل اﻟﻨﻄﺎق‬
 Spans Over 90 m
o Multiple span arrangements in this .‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬90 ‫اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ 
range generally involve balancing ‫ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎت اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا‬ o
superstructure and substructure ‫ﻋﺎم ﻣﻮازﻧﺔ ﺗ ﻟﻴﻒ اﻟﻬﻴ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺑﺸ‬
costs to achieve an optimum design. ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي واﻟﻬﻴ‬
Site restrictions often hamper ‫ ﺗﻌﻮق ﻗﻴﻮد اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ وﺿﻊ‬.‫اﻷﻣﺜﻞ‬
efficient substructure placement. .‫ﺑﻜﻔﺎءة‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
o Long multiple span structures can

utilize a variety of construction types ‫ذات اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
and materials. ‫اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة أﻧﻮاﻋًﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬
.‫واﻟﻤﻮاد‬
o Segmental box designs consisting of
precast match cast or cast-In-place.
172
‫اﻟﺼﻨﺪوﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎت‬ o

o Cable-stayed trapezoidal boxes. ‫ﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ أو ﻣﺼﺒﻮﺑﺔ‬
.‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
o Deck arches.
.‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎدﻳﻖ ﺷﺒﻪ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﺮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﺑ ﺑﻼت‬ o
o Segmental viaduct and variable depth
units. ‫أﻗﻮاس اﻷﺳﻄﺢ‬ o
5.4.3 STEEL SUPERSTRUCTURE ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪات اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ وﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ o

 Spans less than 12 m .‫اﻷﻋﻤﺎق‬
o Prestressed concrete voided slab
units and concrete decks with steel ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ ‫ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬5.4.3
girders cover this entire span range. ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬12 ‫اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻷﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ 
Conventional reinforced concrete ‫ﺗﻐﻄﻲ ﺑﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬ o
slabs, however, are inefficient for ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮﻏﺔ واﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت‬
spans greater than 7.5 m due to their ‫ وﻋﻠﻰ ٍ ﻓﺈن‬.‫ﻓﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻄﺎق ﺑﺎﻟ ﻣﻞ‬
excessive depth and heavy ‫ﺑﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ‬
reinforcement. ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬7.5 ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
.‫ﻋﻤﻘﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﻔﺮط وﺗﺴﻠﻴﺤﻬﺎ اﻟﺜﻘﻴﻞ‬
o Conventional composite design
systems utilizing concrete decks and
steel stringers may be used for the .‫ ﻣﺘﺮًا‬60 ‫ ﻣﺘﺮًا إﻟﻰ‬12 ‫اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﺑﻴﻦ‬ 
entire span range. At the lower end of ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬ o
the span range, rolled beam sections ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
are typically used. Fabricated, welded ‫ وﻋﻨﺪ‬.‫اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻟ‬
plate girders are more likely be used at ‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ ﻟﻤﺪى اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت ُﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ‬
the upper end. .‫اﻟﻌﺎدة ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻤﻠﻔﻮﻓﺔ‬
‫وُﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻷﻏﻠﺐ ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت ﻣﺼﻨﻌﺔ‬
o Special prefabricated bridge panels .‫وﻣﻠﺤﻮﻣﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
with composite concrete decks and
steel beams may reach spans
approaching 30 m. They have the ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺼﻞ أﻟﻮاح اﻟﺠﺴﺮ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬ o
advantage of reduced field ‫اﻟﺼﻨﻊ ﻣﻊ أﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ وﻋﺎرﺿﺎت‬
construction time. .‫ ﻣﺘﺮًا‬30 ‫ﻓﻮﻻذﻳﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻧﻄﺎﻗﺎت ﺗﻘﺘﺮب ﻣﻦ‬
‫وﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺼﺎر وﻗﺖ اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬
 Span Between 61 m and 90 m .‫اﻟﻤﻴﺪاﻧﻲ‬
Single span bridges in this range have few options.
For the majority of the cases only a thru or deck truss
shall be considered. Plate girders may be used at the .‫ ﻣﺘﺮًا‬90 ‫ ﻣﺘﺮًا إﻟﻰ‬61 ‫اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺮاوح ﺑﻴﻦ‬ 
lower end of this span range. Special designs utilizing
173
‫‪arches, slant leg rigid frames, and concrete or steel‬‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻮر ذات اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺪى ﺧﻴﺎرات ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪box girders are also viable options. These types of‬‬ ‫وﻓﻲ أﻏﻠﺐ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻓﻘﻂ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﻤﺎﻟﻮن ﻋﺎﺑﺮ‬
‫‪special structures are used to address limited‬‬ ‫أو ﺳﻄﺤﻲ‪ .‬وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت ﻟﻮﺣﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ‬
‫‪member depths, aesthetics and compatibility with‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪى اﻟﻨﻄﺎق ﻫﺬا‪ .‬وﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﺨﻴﺎرات اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ أﻳﻀًﺎ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎت‬
‫‪site conditions. The GDMP/ Amanat will have a greater‬‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻷﻗﻮاس وﻋﺎرﺿﺎت اﻹﻃﺎرات اﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬
‫‪input into these larger structures. Constructability‬‬ ‫أو اﻟﺼﻨﺎدﻳﻖ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ أو اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‪ُ .‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻫﺬه اﻷﻧﻮاع ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪concerns‬‬ ‫‪and‬‬ ‫‪possible‬‬ ‫‪alternatives‬‬ ‫‪shall‬‬ ‫‪be‬‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻷﻋﻤﺎق اﻟﻤﺤﺪودة ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ واﻟﻨﻮاﺣﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
‫‪discussed, in detail, with the GDMP/ Amanat for‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ واﻻﻧﺴﺠﺎم ﻣﻊ ﻇﺮوف اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‪ .‬ﺳﺘﺴﺎﻫﻢ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫‪structures in this span range.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‪ /‬اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﻘﺪر ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻼت ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ واﻟﺒﺪاﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ‬ ‫‪ .‬ﺗﺠﺐ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻣﺸﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Multiple Span Arrangements‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‪/‬اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫‪Continuous design using steel rolled beams or built-‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻄﺎق‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬
‫‪up plate girders takes into account the continuity over‬‬
‫‪the interior support points. Based on the span‬‬
‫‪arrangements and the span ratios, the largest span of‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎت اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪a continuous layout may be equated to a smaller‬‬ ‫ﻳﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﻮف أو‬
‫‪equivalent simple span. This reduces the required‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة اﻟﻠﻮﺣﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮارﻳﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻧﻘﺎط‬
‫‪beam depth for the span. Poor continuous span ratios‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺪﻋﻴﻢ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻲ‪ .‬وﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎت اﻟﻨﻄﺎق وﻧﺴﺐ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫‪may result in uplift. Tie-down system and anchored‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎواة أﻛﺒﺮ ﻧﻄﺎق ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺑﺄﺻﻐﺮ ﻧﻄﺎق ﻣ ﻓﺊ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ‪.‬‬
‫‪end spans are two means of addressing uplift. Refer‬‬ ‫وﻳﺆدي ذﻟﻚ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﺾ ﻋﻤﻖ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺔ اﻟﻼزم ﻟﻠﻨﻄﺎق‪ .‬وﻗﺪ ﺗﺆدي‬
‫‪to TABLE 5.1.C.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺐ اﻟﻀﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ إﻟﻰ ﺣﺪوث دﻓﻊ ﻟﻸﻋﻠﻰ‪.‬‬
‫وﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﺎن ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺪﻓﻊ إﻟﻰ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ وﻫﻤﺎ ﻧﻄﺎﻗﺎت‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Spans Over 90 m‬‬ ‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﺪ وﻧﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺜّﺒﺘﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﺮﺟﻰ اﻟﺮﺟﻮع إﻟﻰ‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪Multiple span arrangements in this‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪول )‪-1-5‬ج(‪.‬‬
‫‪span‬‬ ‫‪range‬‬ ‫‪generally‬‬ ‫‪involves‬‬
‫‪balancing‬‬ ‫‪superstructure‬‬ ‫‪and‬‬
‫‪substructure costs to achieve an‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 90‬ﻣﺘﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪optimum design. Site restrictions will‬‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎت اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪often hamper efficient substructure‬‬ ‫ﻋﺎم ﻣﻮازﻧﺔ ﺗ ﻟﻴﻒ اﻟﻬﻴ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﺑﺸ‬
‫‪placement.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي واﻟﻬﻴ‬
‫اﻷﻣﺜﻞ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﻮق ﻗﻴﻮد اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ وﺿﻊ‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪Long multiple span structures may‬‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻔﺎءة‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
‫‪utilize a variety of construction types‬‬
‫‪and materials.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Thru or deck trusses with girder‬‬ ‫ذات اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪approach spans‬‬ ‫اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة أﻧﻮاﻋًﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Trapezoidal box beams‬‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻮاد‪.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Variable depth girders ("I" shaped‬‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻮﻧﺎت اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮة ﻣﻊ ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت ﻛﺒﻴﺮة‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫)‪beams and box girders‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت‬
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‫اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﺼﻨﺪوﻗﻴﺔ ﺷﺒﻪ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﺮﻓﺔ‬ 

 Cable-stayed girders or box beams
I" shaped ") ‫اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻳﻨﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻖ‬ 
(beams and box girders
 Deck or thru arches
‫اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﺑ ﺑﻼت أو اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت‬ 
 Suspension bridges. ‫اﻟﺼﻨﺪوﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻷﻗﻮاس اﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ أو اﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮة‬ 
‫اﻟﺠﺴﻮر اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ 
‫ اﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت‬:‫ج‬-1-5 ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬

TABLE 5.1.C. MULTIPLE SPAN ARRANGEMENTS
‫ﻣ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺐ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﻖ‬
‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت‬
1 ‫اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ SPAN TO DEPTH RATIOS
NUMBER OF RATIO OF
EQUIVALENT ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬ 2 ‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷﻗﺼﻲ‬
SPANS SPANS
SIMPLE SPAN 1 DESIRED MAX 2
2 1.0 : 1.0 0.9 X 1.0 SPAN 27.5 30
3 0.745 : 1.0 : 0.75 0.85 X 1.0 SPAN 27.5 30
4 0.8 : 1.0: 1.0: 0.8 0.75 X 1.0 SPAN 27.5 30

0.6: 0.8: 1.0: 0.8:
5 0.6 X 1.0 SPAN 27.5 30
0.6
1. for span arrangements with less efficient ratios, ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎت اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت ذات اﻟﻨﺴﺐ اﻷﻗﻞ ﻛﻔﺎءًة ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬.1
the equivalent factor may be adjusted ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤ ﻓﺊ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ إﻟﻰ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ )ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ‬
proportionally upward (i.e., 0.85 up to 0.90, 0.75 up . 0.75 ‫ ﺣﺘﻰ‬0.60 ‫ و‬0.85 ‫ ﺣﺘﻰ‬0.90, 0.75 ‫ ﺣﺘﻰ‬0.85
to 0.85 and 0.60 up to 0.75)
2. Ratios greater than 30 may be used as long as the ‫ ﺷﺮط ﻋﺪم ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻣﻌﻴﺎر‬30 ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻨﺴﺐ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ‬.2
live load deflection criteria is not exceeded .‫اﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
5.4.4 ABUTMENTS ‫ أﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬5.4.4

Abutments serve two principal functions. They ‫ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ أﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬.‫ﺗﺆدي أﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ وﻇﻴﻔﺘﻴﻦ رﺋﻴﺴﻴﺘﻴﻦ‬
support the bridge superstructure and retain earth of .‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﻟﻠﺠﺴﺮ وﺗﺤﻔﻆ ﺗﺮﺑﺔ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل اﻟﻤﻼﺻﻖ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬
the roadway approach immediately adjacent to the
175
bridge. Therefore, a bridge abutment combines the ‫وﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺈن ﻛﺘﻒ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻳﺪﻣﺞ ﺑﻴﻦ وﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ‬
functions of a pier and a retaining wall. .‫واﻟﺠﺪار اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدي‬
 Cantilevered Abutment
o Cantilevered abutments consist of a ‫اﻟﻜﺘﻒ اﻟ ﺑﻮﻟﻲ‬ 
central stem supporting the bridge ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻜﺘﻒ اﻟ ﺑﻮﻟﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻮد ﻣﺮﻛﺰي ﻳﺪﻋﻢ‬ o
seat backwall and pedestals. A ‫ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬.‫اﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ور ﺋﺰه‬
backwall on top of the stem and ‫اﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻮد واﻟﺠﺪران‬
wingwalls on either side of the stem ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أٍي ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻮد ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻔﻆ‬
retains the fill behind the abutment. ‫ ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺪ اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬.‫اﻟﺮدم اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﺧﻠﻒ ﻛﺘﻒ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
The stem and wingwalls rest upon a ‫واﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
continuous footing that may be either ‫ ُﻳﺼﻤﻢ ﻓﻮﻻذ‬.‫أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺗﺮاﺑﻴﺔ أو ﻣﺪﻋﻤﺔ ﺑﺮ ﺋﺰ‬
soil or pile supported. The structural ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺘﻒ اﻟ ﺑﻮﻟﻲ ﻟﻴﺘﺤﻤﻞ‬
reinforcing steel in a cantilevered ‫ﻗﻮى اﻻﻧﻘﻼب اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺸﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺰء‬
abutment is designed to withstand the ‫ ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬.‫اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻮد واﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ‬
overturning forces that cause tension ‫ذﻟﻚ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬
in the back of the stem and backwall. .‫وﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻮع اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎرة‬
Also, design of footing reinforcement
is required and depends on the type of
foundation selected.
o Cantilevered abutments have no limit

on the skew angle; however, bridges ،‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻟﻸﻛﺘﺎف اﻟ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﺣﺪود ﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﺎﻧﻒ‬ o
with less skew perform significantly ‫ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺠﺴﻮر ذات اﻟﺘﺠﺎﻧﻒ اﻷﻗﻞ‬، ٍ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬
better than highly skewed bridges. ‫ﻳﻜﻮن أداؤﻫﺎ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻛﺜﻴﺮًا ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر ذات‬
.‫اﻟﺘﺠﺎﻧﻒ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬
o There is no limit on span for
superstructure used with cantilevered ‫وﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﻗﻴﻮد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
abutments. The abutment shall be .‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷﻛﺘﺎف اﻟ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬
designed to support all applied ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷﻛﺘﺎف ﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﺣﻤﺎل‬
superstructure loads. Thermal ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎط‬.‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
expansion of the superstructure shall ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻤﺪد اﻟﺤﺮاري ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ ﺗﻤﺪد أو‬
be accounted for by the use of an .‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﺧﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬
expansion joint or appropriate
jointless details.
o There are three different forms of the

cantilevered abutment: :‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﻧﻮاع ﻣﻦ اﻷﻛﺘﺎف اﻟ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬ o
 When the abutment is placed so that

the abutment has as little reveal above
176
the ground surface as allowed, it is ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل وﺿﻊ اﻷﻛﺘﺎف ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﺒﺮز ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺟﺰء ﻗﻠﻴﻞ‬ 
called a stub cantilevered abutment. ‫ﻓﻮق ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪر اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﻓﺘﺴﻤﻰ‬
.‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ أﻛﺘﺎف ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﺒﺘﻮرة‬
 When the abutment has the largest
possible reveal with respect to the
clearances required for the feature ‫أﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ وﺟﻮد ﺟﺰء ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻜﺸﻮف‬ 
crossed, it is called a cantilevered high ‫وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻮص اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻢ اﻟُﻤﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬
abutment. .‫ﻓﺘﺴﻤﻰ أﻛﺘﺎف ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
 An abutment that falls between these

two extremes is called a cantilevered
semi-high abutment. ‫ى وﺳﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
ً ‫أﻣﺎ اﻷﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮ‬ 
‫ﻫﺬﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﻴﻦ ﻓﺘﺴﻤﻰ أﻛﺘﺎف ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﺷﺒﻪ‬
 Isolated Pedestal Stub Abutment .‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
o Isolated pedestal stub abutments
have tall pedestals that rest directly ‫أﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﻤﺒﺘﻮرة اﻟﻤﻌﺰوﻟﺔ‬ 
on the footing and have no bridge ‫ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﻫﺬه اﻷﻛﺘﺎف ﺑﺮ ﺋﺰ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﺗﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮًة‬ o
seat. They have a backwall between .‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة دون أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻋﺪ ﺟﺴﺮ‬
the pedestals and wingwalls on each ‫وﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻬﺬه اﻷﻛﺘﺎف ﺟﺪار ﺧﻠﻔﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬
side to retain the fill. The footing may .‫ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻹﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﺮدم‬ ‫واﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
be either soil or pile supported. ‫وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺮاب أو ﻣﺪﻋﻮﻣﺔ‬
.‫ﺑﺮﻛﻴﺰة‬
 Spill Through Abutment
Spill through, or open, abutment consists of two or
more vertical columns carrying a beam that supports ‫اﻷﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ 
the bridge seat and pedestals. The fill extends on its ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻜﺘﻒ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮح ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻮدﻳﻦ رأﺳﻴﻴﻦ أو أﻛﺜﺮ ﻳﺤﻤﻼن ﻋﺎرﺿﺔ‬
natural slope from the bottom of the beam through ‫ ﻳﻤﺘﺪ اﻟﺮدم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﻦ‬.‫ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﻣﻘﻌﺪ ور ﺋﺰ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
the openings in the columns. In an extreme form the ‫ وﻓﻲ اﻷﺣﻮال اﻟﻘﺼﻮى‬.‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬
spill through abutment is no more than a row of ‫ﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﺪى اﻟﻜﺘﻒ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮح أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺻﻒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬
vertical piles driven through the fill and supporting a ‫ ُﻳﺰود اﻻﻣﺘﺪاد‬.‫اﻟﻤﺪﻗﻮﻗﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺮدم وﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﻣﻘﻌﺪ ور ﺋﺰ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
bridge seat and pedestals. The stem is usually ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎدة ﺑﺠﺪران ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﺻﻐﻴﺮة ﻟﺤﻔﻆ ﻣﻘﻌﺪ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﺧﺎﻟﻴًﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
provided with small wingwalls to keep the bridge seat ،‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻷﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ إﻻ أﻧﻬﺎ‬.‫اﻟﺘﺮاب‬
free of soil. Spill through abutments are economical, ‫واﻟﻤﺪاﺧﻞ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺟﻴﺪة ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
however, they require proper drainage details be .‫اﺧﺘﺮاق وﺟﺮف ﺗﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺮدم‬
provided for the structure and approaches, to prevent
water penetration and washout of the fill soil.
5.4.5 WINGWALLS
 General
177
o Wingwalls are retaining walls placed ‫ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬5.4.5

adjacent to the abutment stem to ‫ﻋﺎم‬ 
retain the fill behind the abutment. The ‫اﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻫﻮ ﺟﺪار اﺳﺘﻨﺎدي ﻣﺠﺎور‬ o
orientation of the wall in relation to the .‫ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة ﻛﺘﻒ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻹﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﺮدم ﺧﻠﻒ اﻟﻜﺘﻒ‬
centerline of bearings or centerline of ‫أﻣﺎ ﻧﻮع اﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻓﻴﺤﺪده اﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﺠﺪار‬
the roadway determines the wingwall ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ أو اﻟﺨﻂ‬
type. .‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬
o When the wingwalls are parallel to the

roadway, they are called U-wingwalls.
U-wingwalls are used primarily in fill ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻮازﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬ o
situations where there are .‫ﺣﺪوة‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺟﺪران ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺸ‬
obstructions or limited right of way on ‫اﻟﺤﺪوة ﺑﺼﻮرٍة‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺸ‬
either side of the roadway to build a ‫أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﺮدم اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
wide embankment. The length of the ‫ﻋﻮاﺋﻖ أو ﺣﻖ ﻣﺮور ﻣﺤﺪود ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻣﻦ‬
U-wingwall is determined by equating ‫ ُﻳﺤﺪد ﻃﻮل اﻟﺠﺪار‬.‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﺒﻨﺎء ردﻣﻴﺔ واﺳﻌﺔ‬
the point where the embankment ‫ﺣﺪوة ﺑﻤﻮازﻧﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻼﻗﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺸ‬
slope meets the shoulder break ‫ﻣﻴﻼن اﻟﺮدﻣﻴﺔ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺗﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻜﺘﻒ )ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬
(where the roadway shoulder changes .‫ﻣﻴﻼن ﻛﺘﻒ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺮدﻣﻴﺔ( ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬
slope at the embankment) elevation ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
from the roadway. The intersection ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ إﻋﺪاد ارﺗﻔﺎع‬.‫أﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬
shall occur at the inside corner of the ‫ﺣﺪوة ﻋﻨﺪ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﺸ‬
top of the wingwall. The elevation of .‫اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ وإﻳﺮاده ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎت‬
the end of the U-wingwall shall be set
at this intersection and stated on the
plans.
o When the wingwalls are parallel to the

centerline of bearings they are called
in-line wingwalls. These wingwalls are ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻮازﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻂ‬ o
used when the abutment is relatively ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺟﺪران ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬
short and there are no obstructions or ‫ ُﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻫﺬه اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬.‫ﻣﺪﻣﺠﺔ‬
right of way limitations on either side ‫ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻜﺘﻒ ﻗﺼﻴﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﻴًﺎ وﻻ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻮاﺋﻖ أو‬
of the highway. The end of an in-line ‫ﻗﻴﻮد ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻖ اﻟﻤﺮور ﻋﻠﻰ أٍي ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬
wingwall is located where the slope ‫ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ اﻟﻤﺪﻣﺞ‬.‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬
from the shoulder break meets the ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻼﻗﻲ اﻟﻤﻴﻼن ﻣﻦ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻒ ﻣﻴﻼن‬
under-bridge embankment slope. The ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬.‫اﻟﺮدﻣﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
intersection shall occur at the rear ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ‬.‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺪار اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬
corner of the wingwall. Elevation of the 200 ‫أن ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻗﻤﺔ اﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬
top of the wingwall shall be 200 mm ‫ﻣﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ واﻟﺬي ﻳﺠﺐ إﻳﺮاده ﻓﻲ‬
.‫اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎت‬
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higher than this intersection and

stated on the plans.
o When the wingwalls are turned back

towards the retained fill but not ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل اﺳﺘﺪارة اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﻠﻒ‬ o
parallel to the roadway, they are called ‫ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﺮدم اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدي دون اﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬
flared wingwalls. These wingwalls are ‫ ُﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬.‫ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ُﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺟﺪران ﺑﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﻴﺔ‬
used when the abutment fill would spill ‫اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﻗﻊ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﺮدم‬
out too far for in-line wingwalls, but ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﻟﻠﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ دون وﺟﻮد‬
there are not enough restrictions to ‫ﻗﻴﻮد ﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺒﺮﻳﺮ وﺟﻮد اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺸ‬
justify U-wingwalls. The end of a flared ‫ ﺗﻘﻊ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺒﻮﻗﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺪار اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ‬.‫ﺣﺪوة‬
wingwall is located where the ‫ﺗﻼﻗﻲ اﻧﻜﺴﺎر اﻟﻜﺘﻒ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻴﻼن‬
shoulder break from the roadway ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺘﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬.‫اﻟﺮدﻣﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
meets the under-bridge embankment .‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺪار اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬
slope. The intersection shall occur at
the rear corner of the wingwall.
o Curved wingwalls shall be avoided

whenever possible. If it is absolutely ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺠﻨﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴﺔ‬ o
necessary to provide a curved ‫ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﺿﺮورة اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﺪار‬.‫ﻣﺎ أﻣﻜﻦ ذﻟﻚ‬
wingwall, it is best to place a widened ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻓﻀﻞ وﺿﻊ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬
footing on a chord and only curve the ‫ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺗﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
top portion of the wall. Curved ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﺪران‬.‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺪار‬
wingwalls should never be battered ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﺎﺋﻠﺔ إﻃﻼﻗًﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺳﻴﻜﻮن ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬
since the forming is extremely .‫ﺑﺎﻟﻎ اﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬
difficult.
5.4.6 PIERS
'Pier' is used here to refer to an intermediate support ‫ اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‬5.4.6
for a bridge superstructure, between the abutments, ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﻟﻺﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ دﻋﺎﻣﺔ وﺳﻄﻰ‬
extending from below the ground surface to the ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﻟﻠﺠﺴﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﻛﺘﺎف وﺗﻤﺘﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
bottom of the superstructure. .‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬ ‫إﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻬﻴ‬
Piers may be required because of long spans, beam

depth restrictions, or both. The pier may be a support ‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﺸﺄ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت‬
point along a continuous superstructure, or it may be ‫ وﻗﺪ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ‬.‫اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ أو اﻟﻘﻴﻮد ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻖ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت أو اﻻﺛﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻌًﺎ‬
at the end of one simple span and the beginning of ‫ﻋﻠﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ دﻋﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮل ﻫﻴ‬
another. In either case, the pier must be designed to ‫ وﻓﻲ‬.‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ أو ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ ﻧﻄﺎق واﺣﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ وﺑﺪاﻳﺔ آﺧﺮ‬
safely resist the dead, live, seismic and other loads ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬،‫أٍي ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت‬
introduced from the superstructure while resisting ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ واﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ واﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻔﺮﺿﻬﺎ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ أي أﺣﻤﺎل ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
179
any loads acting on the pier from flood water, wind, .‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺴﻴﻮل أو اﻟﺮﻳﺎح أو اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت أو اﻟﺴﻔﻦ‬
and vehicular or ship impact.
 Pier Types ‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ‬ 
o Solid Piers ‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻤﺘﺔ‬ o
A solid pier (pier wall) consists of a ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻤﺘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
solid mass of reinforced concrete, ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ دون أي أﺟﺰاء ﻣﻌﻠﻘﺔ وﺗﻜﻮن‬
without overhangs, that is usually ‫ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ‬. ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﺔ اﻟﺸ‬
rectangular in plan. Solid piers are ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻤﺘﺔ ﻓﻮق اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﺴﻤﺔ ذات‬
used primarily for river or stream ‫اﻟﺠﺰاﺋﺮ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﻀﻴﻘﺔ وﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮاﺿﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ‬
crossings, low clearance bridges, ‫ﺗﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻘﺼﻴﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر‬
bridges over divided highways with ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬.‫اﻟﻮاﺳﻌﺔ إﺟﻬﺎدًا ﻛﺒﻴﺮًا ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻻﻧﻜﻤﺎش‬
narrow medians, and where short ‫أﻳﻀًﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻤﺘﺔ‬
columns on wide bridges would have ‫ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎء ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺻﻄﺪام‬
high stress due to shrinkage. Solid .‫ﻗﺮﻳﺒًﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻜﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ‬
Piers may also be used to meet crash
protection requirements adjacent to
railroads.
o Hammerhead Pier ‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺮﻗﻴﺔ‬ o

With increasing pier height and narrow ‫ﻣﻊ زﻳﺎدة ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ وﺿﻴﻖ‬
superstructures, the hammerhead ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
pier becomes more economical by ‫اﻟﻤﻄﺮﻗﻴﺔ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳًﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﺾ‬
reducing the required amounts of ‫ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن‬.‫اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎت اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاد واﻟﻘﻮاﻟﺐ‬
material and formwork. Hammerhead ‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻮد واﺣﺪ‬
piers consist of a single large column ‫ﺿﺨﻢ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺎرﺿﺔ ﻋﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺣﺪ‬
with a cap beam overhanging on ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻮد واﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺎت‬ ٌ ‫ وﺗﺪﻋﻢ‬.‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﻦ‬
either side. Both the column and ‫اﻟ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺎرﺿﺔ اﻟﻔﻮﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت‬
cantilevered ends of the cap beam ‫ وﻗﺪ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت‬.‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬
support the superstructure beams. ‫اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل وﺟﻮدﻫﺎ‬
When located in a waterway, pier .‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺮى ﻣﻴﺎه‬
protection may be required.
o Multiple Columns ‫اﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة‬ o

When piers need to be tall and wide, a ‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﻷن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ‬
multiple column pier is usually the ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ وﻋﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت‬
best choice. This pier type consists of ‫ ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻫﺬا‬.‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺨﻴﺎر اﻷﻣﺜﻞ‬
two or more columns that may be ‫اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻮدﻳﻦ أو أﻛﺜﺮ‬
either rectangular or circular. The ‫ ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬.‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﺔ أو داﺋﺮﻳﺔ‬
columns are usually connected by a ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎدة ﺑﻌﺎرﺿﺔ ﻓﻮﻗﻴﺔ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
cap beam that supports the ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬
superstructure at points between the ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر ذات اﻟﺘﺠﺎﻧﻒ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻊ‬
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columns. For some highly skewed ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ‬
bridges with large beam spacing, it ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺮوري وﺿﻊ أﻋﻤﺪة ﻣﻔﺮدة ﺗﺤﺖ‬
may be necessary to place individual ‫ورﺑﻂ رؤوس اﻷﻋﻤﺪة ﻣﻊ اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺮاﺑﻄﺔ‬
columns under each bearing and to ‫ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل وﺟﻮد ﻋﻤﻮدﻳﻦ ﻓﻘﻂ‬.‫اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬
connect the top of the columns with a ‫ﺑﻨﺘﻮءات ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﺪﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﺎي‬
simple tie strut. When there are only ‫ وﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ أﻗﻞ ﺟﺎذﺑﻴًﺔ ﻣﻦ‬.(pie)
two columns with overhangs, this pier ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧًﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﺔ‬
is called a pi pier. Circular piers are ‫ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺴﻨﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻲ‬
aesthetically less attractive than .‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺴﻜﻨﻴﺔ‬
rectangular piers, and are not
recommended for use in residential
areas.
o Free Standing Columns ‫اﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬ o
This type of pier consists of free ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
standing individual columns usually ‫أﻋﻤﺪة ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﺬاﺗﻬﺎ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎدة ﻫﻴ‬
supporting a voided slab or box type .‫ﻋﻠﻮي ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻤﻔﺮﻏﺔ أو ﺻﻨﺪوﻗﻲ‬
continuous superstructure. Unlike ‫وﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺲ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة ﻻ ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬
multiple columns, free standing ‫اﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺎرﺿﺔ ﻋﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﺗﻨﻘﻞ أﺣﻤﺎل‬
columns are not connected with a cap ‫ وﺑﺪًﻻ ﻋﻦ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي إﻟﻰ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬
beam which transmits superstructure ‫ُﺗﻨﻘﻞ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻬﻴ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي إﻟﻰ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة ﻋﺒﺮ‬
loads to the columns. Instead, ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺟﺰ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺔ داﺧﻠﻲ ﻣﺪﻣﺞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
superstructure loads are transmitted .‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬
to the columns through an interior
diaphragm embedded in the
superstructure.
5.4.7 CAP BEAMS ‫ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬5.4.7

 A feature of most multi-column piers is the ‫ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ وﺟﻮد اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﺳﻤًﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬ 
presence of the cap beam. This cap beam is ‫ ﺗﺨﻀﻊ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬.‫دﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة‬
subject to many design considerations that ‫ﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎرات ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﺜﻴﺮة ﻻ ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﻧﻮع آﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
are not applicable to any other type of pier. ‫ وﻳﺨﻀﻊ ﻋﺮض اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ‬
The width of the cap beam is governed by the ‫ﻓﻴ ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺮض اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻣﺤﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬
necessary width to support the bridge .‫ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ وﻃﻮل اﻟﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻟﻠﻌﺎرﺿﺎت‬
bearings with sufficient cover for the anchor ‫وﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﻨﺎد اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﻋﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ دﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬
bolts and the required support length for the ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ‬.‫ﻓﺈن اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺪد ﻃﻮل اﻟﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬
beams. When the simply supported end of a ‫ﻗﻴﺎس ﻃﻮل اﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
beam rests on a pier, seismic criteria dictates ‫ أﻣﺎ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺗﺠﺎه‬.‫اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻤﻞ‬
the support length required. Support length in ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﺮض ﻓﻴﻘﺎس ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي‬
the longitudinal direction shall be measured ‫ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻋﺮض اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺔ‬.‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎرﺿﺔ‬
perpendicular to the centerline of bearings. ‫اﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻮد ﻓﻲ‬
181
Support length in the transverse direction .‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬50

shall be measured perpendicular to the
centerline of the beam. Round columns
require that the cap beam be a least 50 mm
wider than the columns on all sides.
 For cap beam cantilever ends where the fascia ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻬﺎﻳﺎت اﻟ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻘﻊ‬ 
beam loads fall within a distance "d" form the ‫" ﻣﻦ واﺟﻬﺔ‬d" ‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻷﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
column face, the actual behavior of the ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد ﻓﻘﺪ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺳﻠﻮك اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻮاﻓﻘًﺎ‬
cantilever end may not be compatible with ‫ﻣﻊ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت وﺗﺠﺐ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺘﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬
beam theory and must be checked against the ،‫اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
requirements of AASHTO, Special Provisions ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺮق‬.‫اﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻮاﻣﻞ واﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺌﺔ‬
for Brackets and Corbels. An alternative ‫اﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺎت اﻟ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ‬
method to analyze such cantilever ends is the ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺮاﻓﺪة اﻻﻧﻀﻐﺎﻃﻴﺔ واﻟﺮواﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻮﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
strut and tie method described in the AASHTO ‫اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬ ،‫اﻟﺠﺴﻮر‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬
LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. Both the .(AASHTO LRFD) ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
Bracket and Corbel and the Strut and Tie ‫ﺗﺤﺪد ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺤﻮاﻣﻞ واﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺌﺔ وﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺮواﻓﺪ‬
methods recognize that direct shear is the ‫اﻻﻧﻀﻐﺎﻃﻴﺔ واﻟﺮواﺑﻂ أن ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻫﻮ ﻧﻤﻂ‬
primary behavioral mode instead of flexure ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻮك اﻷوﻟﻲ ﻟﻼﻧﺜﻨﺎء وﻳﻘﺎوﻣﻪ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟﺸﺪ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ‬
and is resisted by tension reinforcement ‫ وﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻄﺮق ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬.‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
across the shear plane. As a result of these ‫ﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻤﺔ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻖ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن‬
methods, more reinforcement may be .‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑًﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﺎرﺿﺔ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﺎدﻳﺔ‬
required in the top of the overhang than could
be required if a normal cantilevered beam is
assumed.
5.4.8 FOUNDATIONS ‫ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬5.4.8

 Substructure Location ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻬﻴ‬ 
When deciding where to locate the substructures, the ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري‬ ‫ﻻﺗﺨﺎذ ﻗﺮار ﺑﺨﺼﻮص ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
AE shall identify all appropriate horizontal offsets, ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼت اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬/‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
standards and requirements. Utilizing these ‫ وﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻫﺬه اﻟﻘﻴﻮد وﻃﻮل ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬.‫واﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬
constraints and the shoulder break length, the ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻮل إﻟﻰ ﻗﺮار ﺑﺨﺼﻮص اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻧﺴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎت ﻧﻄﺎق‬
determination of whether a single or multiple span ‫ ُﻳﻌﺪل اﻟﻌﻤﻖ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻟﻌﻤﻖ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺔ‬.‫واﺣﺪ أو ﻧﻄﺎﻗﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة‬
arrangement is the most appropriate shall be made. :‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
The available beam depth is factored in along with any
special concerns such as:
o Sheeting requirements for staging ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﺗﺼﻔﻴﺢ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
and substructure construction. ‫ ﺗ ﻟﻴﻒ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﺼﻔﻴﺢ اﻟ ﺑﻮﻟﻲ‬.‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬
Cantilever sheeting design vs. tied- ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﺘﺼﻔﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻮط ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﻠﻒ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬
back sheeting vs. pile and lagging wall .‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت واﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ‬
costs.
182
o Deep water cofferdam construction ‫ﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﺴﺪود اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬ o

vs. shallower depths or causeway .‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﻣﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻀﺤﻠﺔ واﻟﺠﺴﻮر‬
construction.
o Treatments such as high abutments ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ اﻷﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت‬ o

with large reveal heights for masonry .‫ﺑﺎرزة ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء أو اﻟﻄﻮب‬
or brick treatments.
o Wetland or corridor encroachments - ‫ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬- ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺪي ﻓﻲ اﻷراﺿﻲ اﻟﺮﻃﺒﺔ واﻟﻤﻤﺮات‬ o

Longer spans would require additional .‫اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻷﻃﻮل ﻋﺮض أﻛﺜﺮ ﻟﻠﻌﺎرﺿﺎت‬
beam depth.
o This might raise a profile and move the ‫وﻗﺪ ﻳﺆدي ذﻟﻚ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع وﻳﺤﺮك‬ o
toe of slope out or require a retaining ‫ﺣﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﺎرج أو ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ إﻧﺸﺎء‬
wall. Shorter spans may require more ‫ وﻗﺪ ﺗﺆدي اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﻘﺼﻴﺮة‬.‫ﺟﺪار اﺳﺘﻨﺎدي‬
disturbance of the area, and also ‫إﻟﻰ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺿﻄﺮاب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ‬
require retaining walls at the toe. .‫ﺗﺤﺘﺎج أﻳﻀًﺎ إﻟﻰ ﺟﺪران اﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﻞ‬
o Staging problems - includes ‫ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ‬- ‫ﻣﺸ ﺎت اﻟﻤﺮاﺣﻞ‬ o

interference between the existing and ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ واﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
new features, such as substructures, ‫واﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت ورؤس اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ إﺿﺎﻓًﺔ‬
beams and pier caps, as well as .‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﻨﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬
utilities that must remain in service.
o Utility Conflicts - The avoidance of ‫ ﺗﻔﺎدي اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗ ﻒ‬- ‫ﺗﻀﺎرب اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ o
utilities that would require costly ‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮًا ﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻔﺮض اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻮد‬
relocations may further restrict the ‫ وﻗﺪ ﺗﻔﺮض‬.‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
location of substructures. Pile driving ‫اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻼت اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ أو ﺗﺤﺖ اﻷرض ﻗﻴﻮدًا ﻋﻠﻰ‬
and sheeting placement may be .‫دﻓﻊ أو ﺗﺼﻔﻴﺢ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬
limited by overhead or underground
interference.
 Foundation Assessment ‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ 
The substructure design shall be based on available ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺠﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎري‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
borehole logs for the bridge and earthworks. .‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻟﻠﺠﺴﺮ واﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬
These logs shall be evaluated with regards to: :‫وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺴﺠﻼت ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
o Their location with respect to the ‫ﻣﻮاﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح وﻳﺠﺐ‬ o
proposed bridge and shall be ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻤﻬﺎ‬
assessed by the A/E to confirm there ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬/‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
is sufficient information to develop .‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ ﻓﻴﺔ ﻹﻋﺪاد ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
the substructure design.
183
o Where necessary the AE and/or the ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ أو ﻣﻘﺎول‬/‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬ o

EPC Contractor shall specify ،‫ ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﻟﺰم‬،‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎت واﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬
additional exploratory holes to ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرﻳﺔ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻹﻋﺪد‬
develop and/or validate the .‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫أو اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬/‫و‬
substructure design.
o The A/E shall review the borehole and ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ‬/‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬ o
supporting laboratory test data to ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺤﻔﺮ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرﻳﺔ وﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات‬
confirm soil and rock profiles to ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬
develop the design ground model. .‫واﻟﺼﺨﺮ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج اﻷرﺿﻲ‬
o The ground shall be assessed to ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻷرض ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻮع اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ o
determine the appropriate foundation .‫اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻢ وإﻣ ﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ واﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬
type, constructability and temporary
works.
 Foundation Selection ‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ 

Water Crossings - The following criteria shall be ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬- ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺑﺮ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬
applied to all structures crossing water: :‫اﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮة ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎه‬
o Unless founded on rock, all structures ‫ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ‬،‫اﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮة ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎه‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺪﻋﻴﻢ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
crossing water shall be supported on ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ر ﺋﺰ أو ﺗﻜﻮن ﻟﻬﺎ‬،‫ﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺨﺮ‬
piles or have other positive protection ‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺬي‬
to maintain the elevation at which the .‫ُأﻧﺸﺄت اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﻬﻴ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﺪه‬
bottom of the substructure unit is ‫أﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻨﻮات اﻟﻤﺒﻄﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ واﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ‬
founded. In concrete lined channels ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻧﺤﺮ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻫﺬا اﻟﺸﺮط‬
where there is no scour risk, this ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻹدارة‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
requirement may be waived with .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
approval of the GDMP/ Amanat.
o The minimum pile length to pile ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺮﻛﻴﺰة‬ o
diameter shall be > 12. .12 > ‫إﻟﻰ ﻗﻄﺮﻫﺎ‬
o Piles shall be socketed into rock if a ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ ﻣﻌّﺸﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺨﺮ إذا ن‬ o
stilt effect is possible due to scour. .‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﺗﺄﺛﺮ اﻟﺮﻛﻴﺰة ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻨﺤﺮ‬
o Cofferdams shall be evaluated with ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻟﺴﺪود اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬ o
regard to need, type, size, ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ واﻟﻨﻮع واﻟﺤﺠﻢ وﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬
constructability and cost. Alternative ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪاﺋﻞ أﺧﺮى‬.‫واﻟﺘ ﻟﻴﻒ‬
types of construction such as ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر وﻣﻘﺼﻮرات اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
causeways, caissons or drilled shafts ‫)اﻟﻘﻴﺴﻮﻧﺎت( أو اﻟﻤﻬﺎوي وﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺘ ﻟﻴﻒ‬
shall be considered and compared to .‫اﻟﺴﺪود اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬
conventional cofferdam costs.
184
o The estimated maximum depth of ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻌﻤﻖ اﻟﻨﺤﺮ‬ o
scour shall be used to determine the . ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار اﻟﻌﺎم ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
overall structure stability.
 Grade Separations ‫ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬ 

o Use of continuous structures will ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎدة‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
normally require unyielding ‫ وﻻ ُﻳﻘﺒﻞ وﺟﻮد ﻫﺒﻮط ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت‬.‫أﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬
foundations. Differential settlement is ‫ﺣﻴﺚ أﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆدي إﻟﻰ إﺟﻬﺎد ﺛﺎﻧﻮي ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن‬
not acceptable since it may result in . ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻎ اﻟﻀﺮر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
secondary stresses that may be
detrimental to the structure.
o In cases where the abutment or ‫وﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻜﺘﻒ أو‬ o
wingwall heights exceed 9 m, ‫ أﻣﺘﺎر ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬9 ‫اﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬
alternate system other than ‫ﻧﻈﺎم آﺧﺮ ﺧﻼف اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺒﻮﺑﺔ‬
cantilevered, cast-in-place concrete ‫ وﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ ذﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺧﺺ ﻓﻲ‬.‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
wall systems shall be considered. This ‫ ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة‬.‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺮدم‬
is especially true in fill areas. Several ‫واﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
modular wall systems are available .‫ﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
which may provide a more economical
system.
 Orientation, Configuration, and Details ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ واﻹﻋﺪادات واﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬ 

o Skew ‫اﻟﺘﺠﺎﻧﻒ‬ o
 The orientation of the substructure ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﺑﺪرﺟٍﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﺗﺠﺎه وﺣﺪات اﻟﻬﻴ‬ 
units is greatly dependent upon the . ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮٍة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻮع اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻘﺎﻃﻌﻪ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
type of feature crossed. Whenever ‫ن ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻤﻜﻨًﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ‬
possible, the skew of the structure .‫ درﺟﺔ أو أﻗﻞ‬30 ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎﻧﻒ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
shall be kept at 30° or less.
 Skews in excess of 30° may cause ‫ درﺟﺔ ﻣﺸﺎ‬30 ‫ﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﺘﺠﺎﻧﻒ اﻟﺰاﺋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ 
uplift problems, cracking of the ‫اﻟﺪﻓﻊ إﻟﻰ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ وﺗﺸﻘﻖ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬
concrete deck in the acute corners, ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ اﻟﺤﺮﺟﺔ وﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻘﺎﻋﺪ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﺮ‬
and require larger bridge seats and .‫وﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ر ﺋﺰ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬
pedestal bearing areas.
 Sharp acute corners shall be avoided, ‫وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻔﺎدي اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ اﻟﺤﺮﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺎدة وﻳﻔﻀﻞ‬ 
and radial supports are preferred for ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
curved structures. If possible, skews ‫ اﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ أي‬،‫ًﺎ ﻣﺎ أﻣﻜﻦ‬،‫ ﺗﺠﺐ أﻳﻀ‬.‫اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴﺔ‬
of 10° or less should be eliminated, ‫ درﺟﺎت ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺆّد إﻟﻰ‬10 ‫ﺗﺠﺎﻧﻒ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬
unless it creates problems of ‫ﻣﺸﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﺎذاة ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻢ اﻟﺬي‬
misalignment with the feature . ‫ﻳﻌﺒﺮه اﻟﻬﻴ‬
crossed.
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‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪Water Crossings‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻌﺎت اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬ ‫‪o‬‬

‫‪Whenever possible piers should be aligned with the‬‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺐ ﻣﺤﺎذاة اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ أﻣﻜﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ اﺗﺠﺎه‬
‫‪stream flow to avoid the creation of eddies and‬‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﺗﺠﻨﺒًﺎ ﻟﻨﺸﻮء دواﻣﺎت واﺿﻄﺮاب ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆدي إل اﻟﻨﺤﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪turbulence which could result in scour. The placement‬‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻻ ﻳﺆدي ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﻷﻛﺘﺎف أو اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‬
‫‪of abutments or piers should not result in pockets‬‬ ‫إﻟﻰ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺟﻴﻮب ﻳﺆدي اﺿﻄﺮاب اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻓﻴﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ زﻳﺎدة ﻣﻌﺪﻻت‬
‫‪where water turbulence could increase the potential‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺤﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪for scour.‬‬
‫‪The following guidelines for substructures need to be‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫وﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻹرﺷﺎدات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﺨﺼﻮص اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
‫‪considered:‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Two piers close to each shore line‬‬ ‫واﺣﺪة‬ ‫وﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن إﻧﺸﺎء دﻋﺎﻣﺘﻴﻦ ﺟﺴﺮﻳﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪may be more hydraulically efficient‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﻳﺒًﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴًﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬
‫‪and economical to build than one‬‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ واﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺪﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫‪deep water pier.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺴﺮﻳﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪The pier shall be made solid to a‬‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ ﺻﻠﺒﺔ وﺑﺎرﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪height of 1 m above the maximum‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ واﺣﺪ ﻓﻮق ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻤﻼﺣﺔ اﻷﻗﺼﻰ أو ‪600‬‬
‫‪navigable elevation or 600 mm above‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻢ ﻓﻮق ﺳﻴﻮل ﻓﺘﺮة ﺗﻜﺮارﻳﺔ ‪ 100‬ﻋﺎم أو‬
‫‪the 100-year flood or the flood of‬‬ ‫ن‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﺼﻮى ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻮل أﻳﻬﺎ أﻋﻠﻰ‪ .‬وإذا‬
‫‪record, whichever is higher. If the‬‬ ‫اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻤﺘﺒﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻮق‬
‫‪remaining height of pier above the‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺬع اﻟﺼﻠﺐ ﻳﺴﺎوي ‪ 5‬أﻣﺘﺎر أو أﻗﻞ ﻳﺠﺐ أن‬
‫‪solid stem is 5 m or less, the pier shall‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ ﺻﻠﺒﺔ ﺑﺎﻟ ﻣﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪be made completely solid.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪The upstream face of piers shall be‬‬ ‫أﻣﺎ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻻﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﻤﺼﺐ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪rounded, or V shaped to improve‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺴﺘﺪﻳﺮة أو‬
‫‪hydraulics and debris problems.‬‬ ‫‪ V‬ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ اﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ اﻟﻬﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺷ‬
‫وﻣﺸ ﺔ اﻷﻧﻘﺎض‪.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪In cases where the wingwalls of an‬‬ ‫وﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪abutment are at or near the water's‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺘﻒ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎء أو ﻗﺮﻳﺒًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻳﺠﺐ أن‬
‫‪edge, the wingwalls shall be flared to‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺠﺪران ﻗﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺎت ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ‬
‫‪improve‬‬ ‫‪the‬‬ ‫‪hydraulic‬‬ ‫‪entrance‬‬ ‫وﺿﻊ اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ‪ .‬ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن‬
‫‪condition. If possible, the elevation at‬‬ ‫اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ أﻣﻜﻦ‪،‬‬
‫‪the end of the wingwall should be‬‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ أو ﻛﺤﺪ‬
‫‪higher than design high water or as a‬‬ ‫أدﻧﻰ‪ ،‬اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪minimum, the ordinary high water.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪The wingwalls on the upstream side‬‬ ‫أﻣﺎ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺒﻊ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ أن‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪should be aligned to direct the flow‬‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻢ ﻣﺤﺎذاﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ‬
‫‪through the bridge opening. For the‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‪ .‬وﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن‬
‫‪186‬‬
ease of construction, the downstream ‫اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺷ‬

wingwalls may be made mirror ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺿﺪ اﻟﻨﺤﺮ‬.‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻌﻜﻮس‬
images. Scour protection should be ‫ﺗﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﺻﺨﺮﻳﺔ ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺷ‬
provided in the form of rip-rap .‫ﻧﺤﺮ‬
wherever risk of scour is identified.
o General Details ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ o

 U-wingwalls may be used when there ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺷ‬ 
is interference between the existing ‫ﺣﺪوة ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ رﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
and the proposed structure or some ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح أو أي ﻗﻴﻮد أﺧﺮى ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ واﻟﻬﻴ‬
other site restriction. They may also ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل‬.‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
be used when a certain aesthetic ‫ وﺑﺼﻮرٍة ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﺈن‬.‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ أﺛﺮ ﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ‬
effect is requested. Flared or in-line ‫اﻟﺠﺪران ذات اﻷﻃﺮاف اﻟﻘﻤﻌﻴﺔ أو اﻟﻤﺘﻮازﻳﺔ‬
wingwalls are generally more cost ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴًﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ اﻟﺘ ﻔﺔ وﺑﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
effective. Corrosion environment for ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻔﻴﺢ وﻗﻮة ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻮاد ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ‬
sheeting. Durability for precast.
 When the length of a wingwall ‫ أﻣﺘﺎر ﺗﺠﺐ‬8 ‫إذا ﺗﺠﺎوز ﻃﻮل اﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬ 
exceeds 8 m, use of an alternate type ‫دراﺳﺔ ﺧﻴﺎر اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻧﻈﺎم ﺑﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻦ أﻧﻮاع‬
of wingwall system shall be ‫ وﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬
investigated. MSE walls or other ‫ﻣﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻴًﺎ أو أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺟﺪران اﻟﻮﺣﺪات اﻟﻤﺼّﻨﻌﺔ‬
modular wall systems may prove to be ‫اﻷﺧﺮى أﺟﺪى اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳًﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟ ﺑﻮﻟﻲ‬
more economical than a cast-in-place ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺪم‬ ‫ وﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺼﺒﻮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
cantilever design. However, MSE walls ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﺪران اﻟﻮﺣﺪات اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ ﻗﺮﻳﺒًﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
shall never be used in proximity to a .‫ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺧﻄﺮ ﻧﺤﺮ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬
hydraulic environment where there is ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺟﺪران اﻟﻮﺣﺪات‬
risk of scour or underpinning. ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ذات اﻟﻤﺎر ت اﻟﺘﺠﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ‬
Commercially available proprietary ‫ﺧﺼﻴﺼًﺎ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ وذﻟﻚ‬
MSE wall systems specifically ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻹدارة‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
developed for use in marine .‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎت‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
environments may be used with
GDMP/ Amanat approval.
 Special details such as below ground ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻮﺣﺪات‬ 
cast-in-place or masonry block sills ‫ﺗﺤﺖ اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ أو اﻟﺒﻠﻮك‬
may be used to support architectural ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﺤﺠﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري أو واﺟﻬﺎت‬
stone or brick facings. If form inserts ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺤﺸﻮات اﻟﻤﻘﻮﻟﺒﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻄﻮب‬
are used to obtain an aesthetic ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﺗﺠﺐ زﻳﺎدة‬
appearance, wall thickness must be .‫ﺳﻤﻚ اﻟﺠﺪار ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﺴﺎوﻳﺔ ﻟﺒﺮوز اﻟﺤﺸﻮات‬
increased by an amount equal to the
relief of the insert.
187
 Narrow roadway medians will ‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﻄﺮق ذات اﻟﺠﺰر اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﻀﻴﻘﺔ‬ 
generally require the alignment of a ‫ﺑﺼﻮرٍة ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺤﺎذاة دﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮة اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻴﺔ‬
median pier to approximate the skew ‫ أﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺰر‬.‫ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﻧﻒ اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬
of the roadway. In wider medians, 18 ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﻮاﺳﻌﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺗﺠﺎﻧﻒ‬
m or more, pier skews may be ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺰر اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻴﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﺮﻳﺔ‬
modified. In narrow highway medians ‫اﻟﻀﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﻮن‬
where a pier will be subject to road ‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻮﺛﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻄﺎﻳﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬
spray, a solid pier shall be considered. .‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام دﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺻﻠﺒﺔ‬
5.4.9 BEARINGS ‫ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ‬5.4.9

Bearings allow controlled bridge movement, and thus ‫ﺗﺴﻤﺢ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﺮ وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﺗﻘﻠﻞ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬
reducing the stresses induced on the bridge .‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ واﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
superstructure and substructure.
 Design references for the design of bridge :‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻣﺼﺎدر ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﺤﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬ 
bearings are:
o Bearing Design, Publication No. FHWA-IF-12- ‫ اﻹﺻﺪار رﻗﻢ‬،‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ‬ o

FHWA-IF-12-052-Vol. 15 052-Vol. 15
o AASHTO Bridge Design ‫ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻮر‬ o
Specifications. .‫ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
 Types of Bearings ‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ‬ 

o Elastomeric Bearings ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﻄﺎﻃﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻧﺔ‬ o
 Plain elastomeric pads rely on friction ‫ﺳﻨﺎدات ﻣﻄﺎﻃﻴﺔ ﻣﺮﻧﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺣﺘ ك‬ 
at contact surface to prevent bulging. ‫ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻫﺬه‬.‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺘﻼﻣﺲ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ اﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎج‬
Pads are thin to prevent slip of pads ‫اﻟﺴﻨﺎدات رﻓﻴﻌﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ اﻧﺰﻻﻗﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ وﻣﻦ‬
under strain and therefore may .‫ﺛﻢ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ إﻧﺰﻳﺎﺣًﺎ أﻓﻘﻴًﺎ ﻗﻠﻴًﻼ‬
accommodate small horizontal
translation.
 Steel Reinforced elastomeric ‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﻄﺎﻃﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ 

bearings rely on steel reinforcing pads ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻮﻻذ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻨﺎدات ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻓﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬
and contact surface friction to .‫واﺣﺘ ك ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺘﻼﻣﺲ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ اﻟﺘﺰﺣﺰح‬
prevent budging. Steel reinforced ‫ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻄﺎط اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻮﻻذ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬
elastomer may carry larger strains ‫ﺗﻮﺗﺮ ودوران أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺎدات اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ‬
and rotations than unreinforced .‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬
bearing pads.
o Multi-Rotational Bearings ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﺪوران‬ o
188
 Pot bearings provide a contained ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻮﻋﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻗﺮص ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻄﺎط ﺗﺤﺖ‬ 
elastomer disc to high loading ‫ﺿﻐﻂ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﻘﺮص ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬
pressures, causing the disc to behave ‫ ُﺗﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﻘﺮص‬.‫و ﻧﻪ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬
as a fluid. Vertical force is transmitted ‫ أﻣﺎ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬.‫اﻟﻤﻄﺎﻃﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻛّﺒﺎس‬
through elastomeric disc via a piston. ‫اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻓُﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﺑﺘﻼﻣﺲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﺎس ﻣﻊ‬
Horizontal loads are transmitted by .‫ﺟﺪار اﻟﻮﻋﺎء‬
contact of the piston face against the
pot wall.
 Disc bearings are stiff to compression ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻘﺮﺻﻴﺔ ﺻﻠﺒﺔ ﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ 
and rotation forces but are free to ‫ ُﺗﻮزع‬.‫وﻗﻮى اﻟﺪوران ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺳﻬﻠﺔ اﻻﻧﺒﻌﺎج‬
bulge. Horizontal forces are ‫اﻟﻘﻮى اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻮح اﻷﺣﻤﺎل إﻟﻰ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬
distributed from a load plate to a .‫ﻣﺴﻤﺎر ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل أو اﻟﺤﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﻘِﻴﺪة‬
center shear pin or restricting ring.
o Mechanical Bearings ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ o

 Mechanical bearings distribute ‫ُﺗﻮزع اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬ 
vertical and horizontal forces through .‫واﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺘﻼﻣﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺪن إﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﺪن‬
metal to metal contact. Most ‫وﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﻤﺎر أو‬
mechanical bearings provide a pin or ‫ ﻣﻦ‬.‫ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﻟﻠﺴﻤﺎح ﺑﺎﻟﺪوران ﻣﻊ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﺪ اﻹﻧﺰﻳﺎح‬
knuckle to allow for rotation while ‫اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ‬
restricting translation. Rockers, rollers ‫ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺰﻳﺎح اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻬّﺰازة‬
or sliding type bearings are common .‫واﻟﺪوارة واﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻘﺔ‬
types of bearings allowing required
translation.
5.4.10 EXPANSION JOINTS ‫ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬5.4.10

Bridge expansion joints are designed to allow for ‫ُﺗﺼﻤﻢ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﺑﻐﺮض اﻟﺴﻤﺎح ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ‬
continuous traffic between structures ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻋﺐ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ واﻻﻧﻜﻤﺎش وﺗﺒﺎﻳﻨﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
accommodating movement, shrinkage, temperature ‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ وﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ واﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت‬
variations on reinforced and prestressed concrete, ‫ وﺗﻤﻨﻊ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﺜﻨﺎء ﺧﺎرج‬.‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
composite and steel structures. They stop the bridge ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﻘﺼﻮى وﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ اﻟ ﻓﻴﺔ‬
from bending out of place in extreme conditions and ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻤﺎح ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺒﺪال اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ دون اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ‬
allow enough vertical movement to permit bearing .‫اﻟﺘﻤﺪد ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
replacement without the need to dismantle the bridge
expansion joint.
5.4.10.1 TYPES OF JOINTS ‫ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬5.4.10.1

 Small movement Joints: :‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮة‬ 
o Compression Seals ‫ﻋﺎزﻻت اﻟَﻀْﻐﻂ‬ o
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Compression seals are continuous ‫ﻋﺎزﻻت اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻃﻴﺔ ﻣﺼﻨﻌﺔ‬

manufactured elastomeric elements ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ُﺗﺮﻛﺐ داﺧﻞ ﻓﺠﻮة ﻓﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد ﻟﻌﺰل‬
installed within an expansion joint gap .‫اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﺮب اﻟﻤﺎء وأي ﻣﺨﻠﻔﺎت أﺧﺮى‬
to seal the joint against water and ‫ُﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد ﻓﻲ أﻣﺎﻛﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
debris infiltration. Compression joints .‫اﻻﺣﺘ ك اﻟﺠﺪاري ﻟﻸﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬
are held in place by utilizing wall
friction of vertical surfaces
o Silicone Sealants ‫ﻋﺎزﻻت اﻟﺴﻴﻠﻴﻜﻮن‬ o

Silicone sealants are durable ‫ﻋﺎزﻻت اﻟﺴﻴﻠﻴﻜﻮن ﻫﻲ ﻋﺎزﻻت ﻟﻠﻤﺎء ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‬
watertight sealants that are efficient ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮ وﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻔﺎءة ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ إﻋﺎدة‬
for rehabilitation and repair projects. ‫ ﻳﺘﺴﻢ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﺑﻘﺼﺮ‬.‫اﻟﺘﺄﻫﻴﻞ أو اﻹﺻﻼح‬
System has less service life than ‫ﻋﻤﺮه اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧًﺔ ﺑﻌﺎزﻻت اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻟﻜﻨﻪ‬
compression seals but is easier to .‫ﺳﻬﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ واﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬
install and maintain.
 Medium Movement Joints: :‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ 

o Sliding Plate Joints ‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻷﻟﻮاح اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻘﺔ‬ o
Two overlapping plates attached to ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻟﻮﺣﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺮاﻛﺒﻴﻦ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
the superstructure on each side of the ‫ ﻻ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ‬.‫ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻮح‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﻓﻲ‬
plate. Joints do not provide an ‫اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ ﺣﺎﺟﺰًا ﻓﻌﺎًﻻ ﺿﺪ ﺗﺴﺮب اﻟﻤﻴﺎه وﻋﻠﻰ‬
effective barrier against water ‫ ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺳﻄﺤًﺎ ﺳﻠﺴًﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎدة ﻋﻠﻰ‬، ٍ
infiltration; however, they provide a ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أﺧﺬ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺿﺪ اﻟﺘﺂ‬.‫اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬
smooth driving surface across joints. ‫وﺗﺨﻔﻴﻔﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ‬
Corrosion protection/mitigation shall ‫اﻷﻟﻮاح اﻟﻤﻨﺰﻟﻘﺔ وﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
be considered when using sliding ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻹدارة‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ‬
plate joints and shall be used only with .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
the approval of the GDMP/ Amanat.
o Strip Seal Joints ‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﻌﺎزﻻت اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻄﻴﺔ‬ o
Elastomeric strip seal system ‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻌﺎزل اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻄﻲ اﻟﻤﻄﺎﻃﻲ ﻣﻦ‬
consists of preformed gland ‫ﻋﻘﺪ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻴًﺎ ﻣﺤﺎﻃﺔ ﺑﺰواﻳﺎ‬
mechanically locked into steel angles ‫أو أﻏﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻣﺪﻣﺠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
or members embedded in slab or ‫ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻫﺬه‬.‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت أو ﻛﺘﻒ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
abutment concrete. 180 mm block- ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﻛﺤﺎﺟﺰ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬180 ‫اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ‬
out in concrete is required for .‫ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬
installation.
 Large Movement Joints ‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة‬ 

o Steel Finger Joints ‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ o
190
Are the most common type of joints ‫ﻫﻲ أﻛﺜﺮ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ ﺷﻴﻮﻋًﺎ وُﺗﺮﻛﺐ ﻓﻲ‬
and are installed in cantilever ‫ ُﺗﺼﻤﻢ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ‬.‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺿﻊ اﻟ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر‬
situations on bridges. Steel finger ‫اﻷﺻﺎﺑﻊ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬
joints are designed to carry ‫ ﻓﺈن ﻫﺬه‬، ٍ ‫ وﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺪاﺧﻠﺔ‬
superimposed traffic loads. However, ‫اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ ﻻ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻋﺰًﻻ ﻓﻌﺎًﻻ ﺿﺪ ﺗﺸﺮب اﻟﻤﺎء‬
they do not provide an effective seal ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ‬.‫واﻷﻧﻘﺎض‬
against water and debris infiltration. ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
This type of joint shall only be used .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
with GDMP/ Amanat approval.
o Modular Expansion Joints ‫ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﻴﺔ‬ o

Comprise a series of steel or concrete ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬
center beams oriented parallel to the ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ أو اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﻬﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮازي ﻣﻊ‬
expansion joint axis. Elastomeric strip ‫ ﺗﺘﺼﻞ ﻋﻮازل اﻷﺷﺮﻃﺔ‬.‫ﻣﺤﻮل ﻓﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬
seals or box-type seals attach to ‫اﻟﻤﻄﺎﻃﻴﺔ أو اﻟﻌﻮازل اﻟﺼﻨﺪوﻗﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت‬
adjacent center beams, preventing ‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺮب‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬
infiltration of water and debris. The ‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺪﻋﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫واﻷﻧﻘﺎض‬
center beams are supported on ‫ﻗﻀﺒﺎن اﻟﺘﺪﻋﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺘﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺗﺠﺎه‬
support bars, which span in the ‫ أﻣﺎ ﻗﻀﺒﺎن‬.‫اﻻﺑﺘﺪاﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
primary direction of anticipated ‫اﻟﺘﺪﻋﻴﻢ ﻓﺘﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻘﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬
movement. The support bars are ‫ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺘﺘﺮاﻓﻠﻮرواﻳﺜﻴﻠﻴﻦ‬.‫داﺧﻞ ﺻﻨﺎدﻳﻖ اﻟﺘﺪﻋﻴﻢ‬
supported on sliding bearing mounted ‫ رﺑﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻮﻻذ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺼﺪأ ﺑﻴﻦ‬- (PTFE)
within support boxes. ‫ﻣﺤﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﺪﻋﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻄﺎﻃﻴﺔ وﻗﻀﺒﺎن اﻟﺘﺪﻋﻴﻢ‬
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) - ‫ﻟﺘﻴﺴﻴﺮ اﻻﻧﺰﻳﺎح اﻟﺴﻬﻞ ﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن اﻟﺘﺪﻋﻴﻢ ﻣﻊ‬
stainless steel interfaces between ‫ ﺗﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﺻﻨﺎدﻳﻖ‬.‫اﻧﻔﺘﺎح واﻧﻐﻼق ﻓﺠﻮة اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬
elastomeric support bearings and ‫اﻟﺘﺪﻋﻴﻢ ﻋﺎدًة إﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺼﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
support bars facilitate the unimpeded ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ أو ﺳﻨﺎدات ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻼط ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
translation of the support bars as the .‫ﺣﻮاﺟﺰ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
expansion gap opens and closes. The
support boxes generally rest on either
cast-in-place concrete or grout pads
installed into a preformed block out.
5.5 PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES ‫ اﻟﻤﺒﺎدئ واﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ‬5.5

The principles and guidelines included in this section ‫ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ اﻟﻤﺒﺎدئ واﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
shall apply to all the structures in TABLE 5.0. Concrete ‫ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻤﺎدة‬.(5.0) ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺪول‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
is the material of choice for transportation structures. ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬،‫ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻼﺋﻢ‬،‫ ﻳﺠﺐ‬.‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
As appropriate, superstructures and substructures ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ واﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ ﻛﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﻠﺤﺔ أو ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬
shall be designed as reinforced or prestressed ‫واﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻐﻄﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬.‫اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬
concrete members. Structures and components ‫اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﺟﺴﻮر اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ؛ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬
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covered under this subsection include reinforced ‫اﻹﺟﻬﺎد وﻻﺣﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد؛ ﻋّﺒﺎرات اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ واﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬
concrete bridges, pre-tensioned and post-tensioned ‫ور ﺋﺰ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ؛ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت؛ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ؛‬
concrete beams, unreinforced and reinforced ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﻤﺘﺪة؛ اﻟﻤﻬﺎوي اﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮرة؛ أﺳﺎﺳﺎت ر ﺋﺰ اﻟﺪق‬
concrete culverts, and reinforced concrete piers, ‫ ورﻏﻢ أن اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻫﻲ‬.‫اﻷﻧﻔﺎق ﺑﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻘﺺ واﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫وﻫﻴﺎ‬
foundations, retaining walls, spread footings, drilled ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ إﻻ أن اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
shafts, driven pile foundations, and cut and cover .‫ﻣﻼءﻣًﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت‬
tunnel structures. Although concrete is the preferred
material for transportation structures, steel material
might be more appropriate in some cases.
5.5.2 DEPTH – SPAN RATIOS ‫ ﻧﺴﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻖ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق‬5.5.2

The depth to span ratio for each structure is ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﻴ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻖ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق ﻟ‬
dependent on many factors. Some of these are span, ،‫ ﻧﻮع اﻹﻧﺸﺎءات‬،‫ وﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق‬.‫اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ‬
type of construction, aesthetics, cost, and false work ‫ اﻟﺘ ﻟﻴﻒ واﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ وﺣﺪود اﻟُﺨُﻠﻮص‬،‫اﻟﻨﻮاﺣﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
and vertical clearance limitations. For purposes of ‫ وﻷﻏﺮاض اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ واﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺒﺪﺋﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬.‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻲ‬
preliminary planning and design, the depth to span ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻖ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ أدﻧﺎه ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺧﻄﻮط‬
ratio listed below may be used in setting grade lines at .‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﻋﻨﺪ ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬
grade separations:
 Highway Bridges: :‫ﺟﺴﻮر اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬ 

o Multiple spans 35 m or less, use 0.06. ‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬،‫ ﻣﺘﺮ أو أﻗﻞ‬35 ‫ﻧﻄﺎﻗﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة‬ o
0.06
o Multiple spans over 35 m, use 0.045. 0.045 ‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬،‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬35 ‫ﻧﻄﺎﻗﺎت ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ o
o Single spans up to 55 m, use 0.045. 0.045 ‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬،‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬55 ‫ﻧﻄﺎﻗﺎت ﻣﻔﺮدة ﺣﺘﻰ‬ o
 Railroad Underpasses (not including the 0.6 m ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬0.6 ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺑﺮ اﻟﺴﻜﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ )ﻻ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟـ‬ 
dimension between the top of bridge deck and :(‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻗﻤﺔ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ وﻗﻤﺔ ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن‬
top of track for ballasted rails):
o Single spans up to 25 m, use 0.08. 0.08 ‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬،‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬25 ‫ﻧﻄﺎﻗﺎت ﻣﻔﺮدة ﺣﺘﻰ‬ o
o Multiple spans 25 m or less, use 0.075. ‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬،‫ ﻣﺘﺮ أو أﻗﻞ‬25 ‫ﻧﻄﺎﻗﺎت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة‬ o
0.075
5.5.3 DESIGN LIFE ‫ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻲ‬5.5.3

All transportation structures covered under this ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺸﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪف ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
section shall have a target minimum life of 75 years. ‫ًﺎ‬.‫ ﻋﺎﻣ‬75 ‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻋﻦ‬
5.5.4 SKEW ‫ اﻟﺘﺠﺎﻧﻒ‬5.5.4

Maximum skew for Groups 3, 4, and 5 structures shall ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ واﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز ﺗﺠﺎﻧﻒ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
not exceed 30 degrees, unless restricted by extreme ‫ درﺟﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺤﺪه ﻇﺮوف ﻣﻔﺮﻃﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬30 ‫واﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬
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conditions at the structure's site. Any skew greater ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬. ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬
than 30 degrees shall require the GDMP/ Amanat’s ‫ وﻗﺪ‬.‫ درﺟﺔ‬30 ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻷي ﺗﺠﺎﻧﻒ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
approval. Severely skewed alignments may cause ‫ﺗﺘﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻤﺤﺎذاة ﻣﻔﺮﻃﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﺎﻧﻒ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﻟﻸﻋﻠﻰ أو ﻣﺸ ﺎت‬
uplift, seismic design issues, and maintenance .‫زﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﻣﺸ ﺎت اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬
problems

Wingwall foundations shall match the abutment ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ أﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻮع أﺳﺎﺳﺎت أﻛﺘﺎف‬
foundation type, and a pile supported abutment shall ‫اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪوام ﺗﺰوﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﺘﻒ اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ر ﺋﺰ‬
always have pile supported wingwalls, except when ‫ﺑﺠﺪران ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ ر ﺋﺰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬
MSE wall is used in combination with a piled abutment. .‫ﻣﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻴًﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻛﺘﻒ ﺟﺴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺋﺰ‬

 Elastomeric bearings shall be considered first, ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ أوًﻻ ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﻄﺎﻃﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻧﺔ‬ 
and other types may be used if their ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻷﺧﺮى ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل إﺛﺒﺎت‬
advantages over elastomeric bearings are ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ‬،‫ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺒﺪﺋﻲ‬،‫ﺗﻔﻮﻗﻬﺎ‬
demonstrated during preliminary design. Pot ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻧﺪ اﻟﻮﻋﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻛﺨﻴﺎر‬. ‫اﻟﻤﻄﺎﻃﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﻧﺔ‬
bearings shall be considered as second best .‫ﺛﺎﻧﻲ أﻓﻀﻞ‬
choice.
 Multiple span substructures shall have fixed ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت ﻣﺤﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
type bearings at only one pier support and ‫اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﻋﻨﺪ دﻋﺎﻣﺔ ر ﺋﺰﻳﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻣﻊ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬
expansion types at all others. The fixed pier ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺮﻛﻴﺰة‬.‫ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﻤﺪد اﻷﺧﺮى‬
shall be centrally located, or close thereof, ‫اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﺮﻛﺰي أو ﻗﺮﻳﺒًﺎ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻲ‬
between the two expansion joints. .‫اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬
 Wide seats shall be provided at expansion ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺎت اﻟﻨﻄﺎق ﻋﻨﺪ أﻛﺘﺎف‬ 
span ends at abutments and piers to allow for ‫اﻟﺠﺴﺮ واﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ ﻟﻼﺣﺘﻴﺎط ﻟﻺزاﺣﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة دون ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ‬
large displacements without unseating the ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ‬.‫اﻟﻨﻄﺎق ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻋﺪﻫﺎ‬
spans. The minimum seat width shall be the ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ أو ﻣﺎ ُﻳﺤﺪد ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬220 ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻘﻌﺪ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
greater of 220 mm or that determined based .‫اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻲ‬
seismic analysis.
5.5.7 ARRANGEMENT ‫ اﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎت‬5.5.7

 For single span bridges, simply supported or ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻮر ذات اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ 
integral abutment structures shall be used. .‫اﻷﻛﺘﺎف ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ اﻟﺪﻋﻢ أو اﻟﻤﺘ ﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬
 Multiple span bridges shall be made ‫أﻣﺎ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت ﻓﻴﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮة‬ 
continuous for live load over interior supports, ‫ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﻮق اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ اﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎء‬
with the maximum span length meeting the ‫اﻟﻄﻮل اﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻠﻨﻄﺎق ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا‬
requirements stipulated in this section and ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫اﻹﻋﺪادات‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺰام‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
configurations meeting aesthetics .‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوع‬
requirements of the project.
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5.5.8 EXPANSION JOINT ‫ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬5.5.8

The distance between any two expansion joints on .‫ ﻣﺘﺮًا‬90 ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﺗﺘﺠﺎوز اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻲ ﺗﻤﺪد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬
the deck shall not exceed 90 m. Modular type joints ‫ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬
are the expansion joints of choice for structures, ‫ﻳﻔﺮض اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺧﻼﻓﻬﺎ أو ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﺰاﻳﺎ ﻧﻈﺎم آﺧﺮ ﻟﻺدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
unless dictated by design or advantages of other .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
systems are demonstrated to GDMP/ Amanat
satisfaction.
5.5.9 DIAPHRAGM ‫ اﻟﺤﻮاﺟﺰ اﻟﻮاﻗﻴﺔ‬5.5.9

All Groups 3, 4, and 5 superstructures shall be ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
designed with two end diaphragms and at least one ‫واﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ واﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﺑﺤﻮاﺟﺰ واﻗﻴﺔ ذات ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺣﺎﺟﺰ واﻗﻲ‬
intermediate diaphragm, depending on the ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬. ‫أوﺳﻂ واﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻃﻮل ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﻬﻴ‬
structure's span length. For spans shorter than 17 m, ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﺎﺟﺰ واﻗﻲ واﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬17 ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻷﻗﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
at least one intermediate diaphragm shall be specified ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺎوي أو ﺗﺰﻳﺪ‬.‫اﻷﻗﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق‬
at the center of the span. For spans 17 m or longer, at ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺟﻮاﺟﺰ واﻗﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﺎط‬17 ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
least 3 intermediate spans shall be provided at span .‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ وأرﺑﺎع اﻟﻨﻄﺎق‬
mid- and quarter points.
5.5.10 PIER ‫ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬5.5.10

 Piers over navigable water shall be placed with ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ ﻓﻮق اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻼﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ 
their longitudinal axes parallel to the principal ‫ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺤﺎورﻫﺎ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻮازﻳﺔ ﻟﻼﺗﺠﺎه‬
direction of water flow. .‫اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬
 The need to protect bridge piers from ship ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ر ﺋﺰ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﺿﺪ اﺻﻄﺪام‬ 
impact shall be determined based on ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻦ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد ﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ وﻗﻮع‬
investigation of the specific site for the .‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺤﺪث‬
probability of occurrence of such event.
5.5.11 RAILINGS ‫ اﻟﺪراﺑﺰﻳﻨﺎت‬5.5.11

 Brush curbs/sidewalks with curbs shall be ‫ُﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺒﺮدورات ذات اﻟﻔﺮﺷﺎة واﻟﻤﻤﺎﺷﻲ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬ 
used directly in front of concrete barriers, ‫اﻟﻤﺰودة ﺑﺒﺮدورات ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮًة أﻣﺎم اﻟﺤﻮاﺟﺰ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
guard fences, or traffic rails on all structures. ‫واﻷﺳﻴﺠﺔ اﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ أو ﻗﻀﺒﺎن اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬
Curb height shall meet or exceed height of ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺒﺮدور أو ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز‬. ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
approach roadway. .‫ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻻﻗﺘﺮاب‬
 Both bridge rails and transition rails on ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ ٌ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻀﺒﺎن اﻟﺠﺴﺮ وﻗﻀﺒﺎن‬ 
structures shall meet crash testing ‫اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻻﺻﻄﺪام اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬
requirements of NCHRP Report 350 or others ‫( أو أي ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت أﺧﺮى ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﻟﺪى‬30) ‫ رﻗﻢ‬NCHRP
acceptable to the GDMP/ Amanat. .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
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5.5.12 APPROACH SLAB ‫ ﺑﻼﻃﺎت اﻻﻗﺘﺮاب‬5.5.12

 Approach slabs behind abutments shall be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺑﻼﻃﺎت اﻗﺘﺮاب ﺧﻠﻒ أﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬ 
provided to guard against susceptibility of ‫ﺿﺪ اﻟﻬﺒﻮط اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﻟﻤﻮاد ﺗﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺮدم ﺧﻠﻒ اﻷﻛﺘﺎف‬
backfill soil material to settlement behind .‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮﺻﻴﻒ واﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬ ‫وﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
abutments and smooth the transition from
structure to pavement and vice versa.
5.5.13 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SAFETY ‫ اﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ واﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬5.5.13

 Corrosion Control ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺂ‬ 
o The transportation structures shall be ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺘﺂ ﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ o
designed to endure corrosive or ‫أو اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ او أي ﺗﻌﺮض ﺣﺎد ﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
marine environments or any other ٍ ‫ وﺗﺠﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺸ‬.‫اﻟﻈﺮوف‬
severe exposure conditions. ‫ﻣﻼﺋﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮاد اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ واﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬
Concrete protection shall be suitably ‫أو ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬/‫وﺳﻤﻚ اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ و‬
addressed by controlling concrete . ‫ وﻳﻐﻄﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺿﺪ اﻟﺘﺂ‬.‫أﺧﺮى‬
and steel materials, cover thickness,
and/or providing other protection
methods. Concrete corrosion
protection is included in this manual.
o Exposed reinforcing bars, inserts, and ‫أﻣﺎ ﻗﻀﺒﺎن اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ واﻟﺤﺸﻮات واﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺢ‬ o
plates intended for bonding with ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺳﻌﺎت‬ ‫رﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻷﻏﺮاض‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻓﺔ‬
future extensions shall be protected ‫ﺑﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﺠﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺿﺪ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
from corrosion by concrete or other ‫ﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ أو أي ﻣﺎدة أﺧﺮى ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ‬
adequate covering acceptable to the .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫ﻟﺪى اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
GDMP/ Amanat.
o Anchorages, end fittings, couplers, ‫ﺗﺠﺐ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ واﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت‬ o
and exposed tendons shall also be ‫اﻟﻄﺮﻓﻴﺔ ووﺻﻼت اﻟﺮﺑﻂ واﻷوﺗﺎر اﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻓﺔ‬
protected from corrosion by ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮق اﻟ ﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﻟﺪى اﻹدارة‬ ‫ﺿﺪ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
adequate means acceptable to the .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
GDMP/ Amanat.
o Burning or welding operations in ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﺮق واﻟﻠﺤﺎم ﻗﺮﻳﺒًﺎ ﻣﻦ أوﺗﺎر‬ o
vicinity of prestressing tendons shall ‫اﻹﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ ﺑﺤﺮٍص ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻌﺮض‬
be carefully performed, so that ‫اﻷوﺗﺎر ﻟﺪرﺟﺎت ﺣﺮارة ﻣﻔﺮﻃﺔ أو ﺷﺮر اﻟﻠﺤﺎم أو‬
tendons are not subjected to .‫ﻟﻠﺘﻴﺎرات اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬
excessive temperatures, welding
sparks, or ground currents.
195
o Tendon wrapping, sheathing, or ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻒ اﻷوﺗﺎر وﺗﺼﻔﻴﺤﻬﺎ أو‬ o
coating shall be continuous over ‫ﻃﻼؤﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﺼًﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺠﺰء ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻞ‬
entire debonded length,and shall ‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﻨﻊ دﺧﻮل ﻣﻌﺠﻮن اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ أﺛﻨﺎء ﺻﺐ‬
prevent intrusion of cement paste .‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
during concrete placement.
 Elements Control ‫ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ 

o Closed box beam sections shall be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت ﺻﻨﺪوﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ‬ o
provided with bottom vent openings ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﺗﻘﻊ‬25 ‫ﻣﻊ ﻓﺘﺤﺎت ﺗﻬﻮﻳﺔ ﺳﻔﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻘﻄﺮ‬
of 25 mm diameter located at the ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺎت اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت ﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ‬
lowest ends of the beams, to relief air ‫ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻬﻮاء وﻣﻨﻊ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻋﺮﺿًﺎ‬
pressure and prevent accumulation of .‫واﺣﺘﺒﺎﺳﻬﺎ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺼﻨﺪوق‬
water accidentally entrapped inside a
box.
o Structures in arid regions are ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ أن ﺗﺘﺄﺛﺮ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o

expected to be influenced by the ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺜﻼث اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
following three processes associated :‫ﺑﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺒﻮﻏﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬
with wind action on the topography of ‫ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﺘﺬرﻳﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻜﺜﺒﺎن‬ ‫ اﻟﺴﺤﺞ وﺗﺸ‬،‫اﻟﺘﺬرﻳﺔ‬
such regions: deflation, abrasion, and ‫رﻓﻊ أو ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﺑﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﻔﻜﻜﺔ )اﻟﻄﻤﻲ‬
dunes. Deflation is the lifting or rolling ‫ وﻣﻊ‬.‫اﻟﻨﺎﻋﻢ وﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﺮﻣﺎل اﻟﺨﺸﻨﺔ( ﺑﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬
and subsequent removal of loose, dry ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﻄﻤﻲ واﻟﺮﻣﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﻋﻠﻰ‬
sediments (fine silt to coarse sand) by ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺆدي إﻟﻰ أﺛﺮ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
wind action. As the wind-driven silt ‫ أﻣﺎ اﻟﻜﺜﺒﺎن‬.‫ﺳﻔﻊ رﻣﻠﻲ ﻳﻌﺮف ﺑﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﺴﺤﺞ‬
and sand impact an exposed surface ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺘﺸ‬
of the structure it creates a form of ‫ﻟﻠﺮﺳﻮﺑﻴﺎت ﺣﺎﺟﺰًا ﻋﺎﺋﻘًﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻬﺎ‬
natural sandblasting effect called ً‫وﺗﻬﺒﻂ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﺑﻴﺎت ﻧﺘﻴﺠًﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺸ ّ ﺔ‬
abrasion. Dunes are formed when a ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻣﺎل ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻛﺲ‬
wind carrying a load of sediment ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬.‫ﻻﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺰ‬
encounters an obstructing barrier, the ،‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
wind velocity decreases and the ‫ اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت ﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬،‫ﻣﺎ أﻣﻜﻦ‬
sediment is subsequently deposited ‫اﻟﻜﺜﺒﺎن اﻟﺮﻣﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺬرﻳﺔ واﻟﺴﺤﺞ وﺗﺸ‬
in the form of a hill of sand on the lee ‫ وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬.‫ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
side of the barrier. Design and ‫ﻫﺬه اﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت زﻳﺎدة ﻋﻤﻖ اﻟﻌّﺒﺎرة ﺗﺤﻮﻃًﺎ‬
construction of structures in arid .‫ﻟﺘﺮاﻛﻢ اﻟﺮﻣﺎل ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﺧﻠﻬﺎ‬
regions shall incorporate, as
reasonably practicable, provisions to
mitigate the adverse effects of
deflation, abrasion, and dunes on the
structures and their maintenance. An
example of such provisions is
196
increasing culvert depth to account

for sand accumulation on inlet.
 Noise Control ‫ﻣ ﻓﺤﺔ اﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎء‬ 

o The effect of highway noise within ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺿﻮﺿﺎء اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ o
urban areas shall be mitigated by ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺣﻮاﺟﺰ ﺻﻮﺗﻴﺔ‬
providing sound barrier systems, ‫ﻣﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎء ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
designed to meet GDMP/ Amanat’s ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ اﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎء‬/‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
requirements for noise abatement at .‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
the bridge site.
 Safety ‫اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬ 
o Structures over rail shall be designed ‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﻮق اﻟﺴﻜﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
with provisions to protect their ‫اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎت ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺗﻠﻚ‬
substructure elements from being ‫ﻣﻦ أي أﺿﺮار ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﺤﺮاف‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
impacted by a derailed train. Such AREMA ‫ وﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬.‫ﻗﻄﺎر ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎره‬
provisions are included in AREMA. .‫ﻫﺬه اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎت واﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬
o Structures shall be designed to ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
withstand the forces induced in ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠًﺔ ﻟﻼﺻﻄﺪام اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
structural members as a result of ‫ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻫﺬه‬.‫ﻟﺸﺎﺣﻨﺔ‬
accidental truck impact. The ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ آﺛﺎر‬
members covered under these ‫اﻻﺻﻄﺪام اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﻮاﺟﺰ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ؛‬
requirements include deck ‫واﻟﺘﻮاء اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ ذات اﻟﻌﻤﻮدﻳﻦ أو أﻗﻞ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
cantilevers due to accidental impact ‫ أﻣﺘﺎر‬9 ‫ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﻄﺮﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺿﻤﻦ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
on concrete barrier, and pier bents ‫ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻓﺔ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ وﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﻄﺮق أﺧﺮى ﺿﺪ‬
consisting of two columns or less, ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻗﻮة‬.‫أﺻﻄﺪام اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻨﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻲ‬
including hammer heads, laying within ‫اﻻﺻﻄﺪام وﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻟﺤﻮاﺟﺰ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬
less than 9 m from the edge of a .‫اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ‬
roadway and not protected by other
means from accidental truck impact.
The impact force and point of
application on a pier shall be as
specified for traffic barriers.
o Piers in navigable waters shall be ‫أﻣﺎ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻼﺣﺔ‬ o
protected from ship impact whenever ‫ﻓﺘﺠﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﺻﻄﺪام اﻟﺴﻔﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل‬
probability of occurrence of such an .‫ﺛﺒﺖ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل وﻗﻮع ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﻮادث‬
event is established. The reference ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
document on this is the AASHTO ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ وﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺑﺨﺼﻮص‬
Guide Specifications and ،‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻻﺻﻄﺪام اﻟﺴﻔﻦ‬
Commentary for Vessel Collision ،‫ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻴﺔ‬،‫م‬2010 ،‫اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
197
Design of Highway Bridges, 2nd ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق‬

Edition, 2010 Interim. .‫اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
5.6 DESIGN STANDARDS AND REQUIREMENTS ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ وﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬5.6

 Purpose ‫اﻟﻐﺮض‬ 
This section mandates the standards and design ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪد ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ وﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬
requirements for the structures to meet the ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﺑﺨﺼﻮص اﻟﻘﺪرة‬
requirements specified herein for durability, strength, ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ واﻟﻘﻮة واﻟﺼﻼﺑﺔ واﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار وﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎن‬
stiffness, stability, and serviceability to ensure long ‫ﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
and safe operation of highway vehicles on those .‫وآﻣﻨﺔ‬
structures.
 Applicability ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ 

This section shall apply to all transportation ‫ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻫﻴﺎﻟﻚ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﺗﻠﻚ‬
structures, except those excluded in Subsection 5.1.2 .(2-1-5) ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺒﻌﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬
5.6.2 DESIGN STANDARDS ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬5.6.2

 Main Standards ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ 
o Design and construction of all ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ o
applicable transportation structures ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
shall be based upon the requirements ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮد ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺴﺎرﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬
of this section and existing structures ‫ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﺗﻀﺎرﺑﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬.‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
standards; as stated in this section. ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻃﻬﺎ أي ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ‬
Where the requirements stipulated in ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻳﺠﺐ‬
any reference document are in ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ أﺷﺪﻫﺎ ﺻﺮاﻣًﺔ إﻻ إذا ﺗﻤﺖ اﻹﺷﺎرة ﻓﻲ‬
conflict with the requirements of this ‫ﻫﺬه اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺧﻼف ذﻟﻚ وﺑﺸﺮط اﻟﺤﺼﻮل‬
section, the stricter shall govern ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻹدارة‬ ‫اﻋﺘﻤﺎد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
unless otherwise noted herein and ‫ وﺗﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬.‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
shall require the GDMP/ Amanat’s ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق‬
approval. The AASHTO Standard ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ وﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت وزارة اﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
Specifications and MOT are the main .‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
standards for design and
construction of transportation
structures.
 Authorities Standards ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ‬ 
o Design and construction of Groups 1 ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ o
and 2 structures, as applicable, shall ،‫ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ‬،‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻷوﻟﻰ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
be based upon the design standards ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻬﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ‬
of the authority having jurisdiction .‫ﻓﻲ داﺋﺮة اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻊ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
over the structures.
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 Alternative Standards ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔ‬ 

o In the absence of appropriate ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ o
standards, because of ،‫ﺣﺪاﺛﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ أو إدﺧﺎل ﺳﻤﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ‬
unconventional design or introduction ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ‬، ٍ ‫ وﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻗﺘﺮاح ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﺑﺪﻳﻠﺔ‬
of uncommon features, alternative ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪات واﻟﺒﺮاﻫﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﻳﺪة ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
standards may be proposed. ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬ ‫اﻹدارة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ إﻟﻰ‬
However, documents and evidence in .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺘﻬﺎ واﻋﺘﻤﺎدﻫﺎ‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
support of the proposed standards
must be submitted to the GDMP/
Amanat for review and approval.
 No appropriate Standards ‫ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﺔ‬ 

o Where no appropriate standards exist ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﺔ )ﻣﺜًﻼ‬ o
(e.g. due to the introduction of new ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ إدﺧﺎل ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎت أو ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ أو ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت‬
technology, components or a novel ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪة( ﻳﺠﺐ إﺟﺮاء ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ ودﻋﻤﻬﺎ‬
application of such) then risk ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺠﺎرب وﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ذﻟﻚ‬
assessments shall be carried out, ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ أو اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
supported by experimental and .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
development data, before the
component or technique is adopted
for GDMP/ Amanat use.
5.6.3 ANALYSIS METHODS ‫ ﻃﺮق اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬5.6.3

 Member forces, stresses, and deformations ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮى اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ وﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت إﺟﻬﺎده‬ 
under the design loads specified in this ‫وﺗﺸﻮﻫﺎﺗﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا‬
section shall be obtained through recognized ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻃﺮق اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺮن اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎرف ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
elastic analysis methods accepted by the ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻹدارة‬ ‫ﻟﺪى‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ‬
GDMP/ Amanat. .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
 Inelastic analysis methods shall only be used ‫وُﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻃﺮق اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺮن ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮاﺿﻊ‬ 
where noted in this section or ‫اﻟﺘﻲ وردت اﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ أو‬
required/recommended in the design ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬/‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬
standards referred to in the section. .‫ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
 Soil structure interaction shall be considered ‫ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺐ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ واﻟﻬﻴ‬ 
in the design of flexible buried structures, such ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻷﻗﻮاس ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
as proprietary precast arch systems. .‫اﻟﺼﺐ ذات اﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬
5.6.4 DESIGN METHODS ‫ ﻃﺮق اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬5.6.4

Design of transportation structures shall be based on :‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ان ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
the following methods:
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o Reinforced concrete structures - ‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬- ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ o

Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ واﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
Method (LRFD)
o Prestressed concrete structures - ‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬- ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o

Service Load Design Method with ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ اﻟﻘﻮة‬
check for Ultimate Strength ‫اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
o Abutments, cap beams, pile caps, and ‫ رؤوس اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬،‫ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬،‫أﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ o
piers - Load & Resistance Factor ‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬- ‫واﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬
Design Method with check for .‫واﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
Serviceability.
o Foundations - Service Load Design ‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬- ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ o

Method
o Drilled shafts - Service Load Design ‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ أﺣﻤﺎل‬- ‫اﻟﻤﻬﺎوي اﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮرة‬ o
Method ‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
o Driven piles - Service Load Design ‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬- ‫ر ﺋﺰ اﻟﺪق‬ o
Method
o Steel structures - Load and ‫ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬- ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o

Resistance Factor Design Method (LRFD) ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ واﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
 Groups 1 and 3 structures over drainage ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﻴﻦ اﻷوﻟﻰ واﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻓﻮق‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 
channels shall be designed with attention to ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة‬ ‫ﻗﻨﻮات اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎه إﻟﻰ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
neighbouring drainage structures, to prevent .‫ﻟﻤﻨﻊ ﻃﻔﺢ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة وﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﺧﺎرﺟﻬﺎ‬
potential for channel overflow and flooding.
 Groups 1 and 3 structures over drainage ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺘﻴﻦ اﻷوﻟﻰ واﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 
channels shall be sized based on hydraulic ‫ﻓﻮق ﻗﻨﻮات اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
design demand and specified freeboard. ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أﻳﻀًﺎ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬.‫اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ وﻋﺎﺋﻢ اﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد‬
Selection of unreinforced culvert structures ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
sizes shall also be based on hydraulic design, ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ وﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻤﻞء ﻓﻮق ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬
and not on height of the fill above the culvert. .‫اﻟﻌّﺒﺎرة‬
 Cut and cover tunnel structures shall be ‫أﻧﻔﺎق اﻟﻘﺺ واﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ وﻓﻘًﺎ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 
designed in accordance with FHWA ‫ "اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬،FHWA - FHWA - NH1-10-034 ‫ﻟﻨﺸﺮات‬
publication - FHWA - NH1-10-034, "Technical ."‫اﻟﻔﻨﻲ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ أﻧﻔﺎق اﻟﻄﺮق‬
200
Manual for Design and Construction of Road

Tunnels".
5.6.5 STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS ‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻘﻮة‬5.6.5

 Reinforcing Steel ‫ﻓﻮﻻذ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬ 
o Reinforcing steel used for ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﻮﻻذ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ‬ o
constructing transportation ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة‬ ‫إﻧﺸﺎء ﻫﻴﺎ‬
structures substructures shall as per .(5) ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬
the requirements of Subsection 5
o Minimum steel yield strength = 420 ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺧﻀﻮع‬ o
MPa ‫ ﻣﻴﺠﺎﺑﺎﺳ ل‬420 = ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬
 Prestressing Steel - ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬ 
o Prestressing Steel - Prestressing ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﻔﻮﻻد ﻣﺴﺒﻖ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬ o
steel used for constructing ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﺑﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬12.5 ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﻫﻴﺎ‬
transportation structures shall be ‫"ﻓﻮﻻذ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻄﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ أﺳﻼك ﻏﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
12.5 mm diameter "Uncoated Seven- " ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﻣﺴﺤﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺎرد ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ اﻟﺘﺮاﺧﻲ‬
wire high Tensile Cold Drawn Low ASTM A416, ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺤﺪد ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
Relaxation strand for Prestressed .fu' = 1860 MPa ‫ ﺣﻴﺚ‬Grade 270
Concrete" as specified in ASTM A416,

Grade 270 with fu' = 1860 MPa.
o Use of 15.24 mm strands shall be ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬15.24 ‫ُﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﺳﻼك ﻣﻘﺎس‬ o
allowed for cast in place post- ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد واﻟﻤﺼﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
tensioned members only. .‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻓﻘﻂ‬
 Reinforced Concrete: ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ 
Concrete strength used for constructing reinforced ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
concrete transportation structures shall have the ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺪود اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
following minimum specified cylinder strength: :‫اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة أدﻧﺎه‬
o Decks except barriers fc' = 40 MPa fc' = 40 MPa ‫أﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء اﻟﺤﻮاﺟﺰ‬ o
o Abutments fc' = 35 MPa fc' = 40 MPa ‫أﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ o
o Piers except footings fc' = 35 MPa fc' = 35 MPa ‫اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ o
o Drilled shafts fc' = 35 MPa fc' = 35 MPa ‫اﻟﻤﻬﺎوي اﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮرة‬ o
o All others fc' = 27.5 MPa fc' = 27.5 MPa ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻷﺧﺮى‬ o
 Post-Tensioned Concrete Applications: :‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬ 

Concrete strength used for constructing post- ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
tensioned concrete transportation structures shall ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻴﺔ‬
have the following cylinder strength: :‫اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة أدﻧﺎه‬
201
o Min. initial fc' = 28.5 MPa fc' = 28.5 MPa ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻷﺧﺮى‬ o
o Min. final fc' = 35 MPa fc' = 40 MPa ‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬ o
o Max. final fc' = 41 MPa fc' = 40 MPa ‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬ o
 Pre-Tensioned Concrete Applications: :‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺸﺪ‬ 
Concrete strength used for constructing prestressed ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
concrete transportation structures shall have the ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺸﺪ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺪود اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
following minimum cylinder strength: :‫اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة أدﻧﺎه‬
o Min. initial fc' = 28.5 MPa fc' = 28.5 MPa ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻷﺧﺮى‬ o
o Max. initial fc' = 31.4 MPa fc' = 31.4 MPa ‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ اﻟﻤﺒﺪﺋﻲ‬ o
o Min. final fc' = 35.3 MPa fc' = 40 MPa ‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬ o
o Max. final fc' = 41 MPa fc' = 40 MPa ‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬ o
 Use of higher concrete strength than those ‫ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ 
specified in this section shall require approval ‫ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
of the GDMP/ Amanat. .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
5.6.6 CONCRETE COVER REQUIREMENTS ‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻐﻄﺎء اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬5.6.6
The following minimum concrete clear cover shall be :‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻐﻄﺎء اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺼﺎﻓﻲ‬
provided:
 Concrete exposed to salt water & splash zone ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻌّﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺤﺔ وﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ رذاذ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬ 
75 mm .‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬75
 Concrete of all substructure elements in ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻼﻣﺴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
contact with earth soil 75 mm. .‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬75
 Concrete of all substructure elements ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
exposed to weather 75 mm. .‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬75 ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ‬
 Superstructure cast-in-place concrete ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
exposed to weather 50 mm. .‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬50 ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ‬
 Inside faces of post-tensioned concrete 50 ‫اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺼﻨﺎدﻳﻖ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺸﺪ‬ 
boxes 50 mm. .‫ﻣﻠﻢ‬
 Prefabricated superstructure elements, .‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬50 ‫ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬،‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
outside 50 mm
 Prefabricated superstructure elements, inside ‫ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت‬،‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
faces 40 mm. .‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬40 ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
5.6.7 DESIGN LOADS ‫ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬5.6.7

The transportation structures shall be designed for all ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺪرﺟﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
the loads listed under this section. .‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
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5.6.7.1 STANDARD LOADS ‫ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬5.6.7.1

The transportation structures shall be designed for ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺪرﺟﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻫﺬا‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
the applicable of the following loads: .‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
 Dead Load and Superimposed Dead Load (D) (D) ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ واﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺮاﻛﺒﺔ‬ 
 Live Load (L) (L) ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ 
 Impact Load (I) (I) ‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻻﺻﻄﺪام‬ 
 Wind Load on Structure (W) (W) ‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
 Wind Load (WL) (WL) ‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬ 
 Centrifugal Force (CF) (CF) ‫ﻗّﻮة اﻟﻄﺮد اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي‬ 
 Longitudinal Force from Live Load (LF) (LF) ‫اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ 
 Earth Lateral Load (EH) (EH) ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬ 
 Longitudinal Force due to Friction or Shear ‫اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻻﺣﺘ ك أو ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻋﻨﺪ‬ 
Resistance at Expansion Bearings (F) (F) ‫ﻣﺤﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬
 Other Forces (Rib Shortening, Shrinkage, ‫ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬،‫ اﻻﻧﻜﻤﺎش‬،‫اﻟﻘﻮى اﻷﺧﺮى )ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ اﻷﺿﻼع‬ 
Temperature and/or Support Settlement) (OF) (OF) (‫أو ﻫﺒﻮط اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت‬/‫و‬
 Earthquake Forces (EQ) (EQ) ‫ﻗﻮى اﻟّﺰﻻزل‬ 
 Stream Flow Pressure (SF) (SF) ‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻟﻤﺠﺎري اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬ 
 Buoyancy (B) (B) ‫اﻟﻄﻔﻮ‬ 
 Prestressing Forces (PS). (PS) ‫ﻗﻮى اﻹﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ‬ 
Members of the structure shall be designed for the ‫ﻟﻤﺰﻳﺞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل واﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
combination of loads and forces that can occur ‫ﺗﺤﺪث ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰاﻣﻦ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻇﺮوف اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴًﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ‬
simultaneously to produce the most critical design .‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬/‫ﻫﻮ ﻣﺤﺪد ﻓﻲ اﻷﻛﻮاد‬
conditions as specified in the standard codes.
In addition, transportation structures shall also be ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬،‫ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ ذﻟﻚ‬
designed for the non-standard loads specified in this .‫اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
section.
 Dead Load (D) (D) ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ‬ 
o Dead load shall consist of the ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ اﻟﻮزن اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ‬ o
structure's estimated self-weight and ‫واﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﺮاﻛﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮي ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
the superimposed dead load it ‫اﻟﺬي ﻳﺪﻋﻤﻪ ﻣﺜﻞ وزن اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬
supports, such as weigh of concrete .‫واﻟﺤﻮاﺟﺰ اﻟﻮاﻗﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻊ وﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن‬
deck, diaphragms, utilities, and rail ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام وﺣﺪات اﻟﻮزن أدﻧﺎه ﻟﺤﺴﺎب‬
system. The unit weights below shall . ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
be used to calculate dead load on
structures.
 Steel 78 kN/m3 3
‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬/‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬78 ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬ 
 Reinforced Concrete 24 kN/m 3 3
‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬/‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬24 ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ 
 Pre-stressed Concrete 24 kN/m 3 3
‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬/‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬24 ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬ 
203
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Earth-Fill 19 kN/m3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫اﻟﺮدم اﻟﺘﺮاﺑﻲ ‪ 19‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‪/‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Asphalt Concrete 22 kN/m‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻻﺳﻔﻠﺘﻴﺔ ‪ 22‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‪/‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Water 9.81 kN/m‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ‪ 22‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‪/‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪Structures designed with concrete‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪wearing surface for riding surface‬‬ ‫ﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﻮزن‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬
‫‪shall be designed for an additional‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺬي ُﻳﺤﺴﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺂ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪future‬‬ ‫‪wearing‬‬ ‫‪surface‬‬ ‫‪weight‬‬ ‫أﺳﺎس ‪ 7.5‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﺟﺮام‪/‬ﻣﺘﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫‪calculated based on 7.5 kg/m3.‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪Superimposed load due to lighting‬‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺮاﻛﺐ اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻋﻦ أﻋﻤﺪة‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪poles, utility lines, fences, noise‬‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺎرة وﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﻊ واﻷﺳﻴﺠﺔ وﺣﻮاﺟﺰ‬
‫‪barriers, etc. carried on a structure‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎًء‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎء وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
‫‪shall be calculated based on specific‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ أﺣﺠﺎم اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﻌﻴﻨﺔ أوزان اﻟﻮﺣﺪات‪.‬‬
‫‪materials volumes and unit weights.‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪The minimum superimposed dead‬‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪load‬‬ ‫‪due‬‬ ‫‪to‬‬ ‫‪waterproofing‬‬ ‫‪and‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺮاﻛﺐ اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺰل اﻟﻤﻴﺎه واﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬
‫‪protective covering shall be 1 kN/m2.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ ‪ 1‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‪/‬ﻣﺘﺮ‪.2‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪Live Load (L‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك )‪(L‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪Groups 1, 2, and 3 Structures‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻷوﻟﻰ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ واﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪Groups 1, 2, and 3 culvert-type‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
‫‪transportation structures shall be‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻷوﻟﻰ واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ واﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬
‫‪designed using the MOT live load‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻧﻤﻮذج اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫‪models.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮزارة اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪Groups 3, 4, and 4 Structures‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ واﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ واﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪Groups 3, 4, and 5 transportation‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
‫‪structures shall be designed using the‬‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ واﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ واﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻧﻤﺎذج‬
‫‪MOT live load models and the‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻮزارة‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
‫‪standard‬‬ ‫‪AASHTO‬‬ ‫‪bridge‬‬ ‫‪design‬‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪requirements for distribution of live‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق‬
‫‪load.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻟﺘﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك‪.‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪Configuration for the MOT truck is‬‬ ‫أﻣﺎ إﻋﺪادات اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ وزارة اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪similar to that of the HS-20, however,‬‬ ‫ٍ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈن‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﻹﻋﺪادات ‪ ،HS-20‬وﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪total gross weight for the MOT truck is‬‬ ‫إﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ اﻟﻮزن اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﺣﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ وزارة اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬
‫‪much higher than that of the HS-20.‬‬ ‫أﻛﺒﺮ ﻛﺜﻴﺮًا ﻣﻦ وزن ‪.HS-20‬‬
‫‪204‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪All structures laying on a Module Path‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎر‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪shall be designed based on the live‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ وﺣﺪة ﻧﻤﻄﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
‫‪load criteria specified by the GDMP/‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺪدﻫﺎ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬
‫‪Amanat.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‪/‬اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪Railing and Sidewalks Live Load‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك ﻟﻠﻘﻀﺒﺎن واﻟﻤﺴﺎرات اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪The minimum live load on bridge‬‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪sidewalks shall be as specified in the‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎرات اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺤﺪد‬
‫‪AASHTO Standard Specifications.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت وﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪In addition to standard live loads on‬‬ ‫وﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎرات‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪traffic lanes, one lane structures with‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎر واﺣﺪ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
‫‪sidewalks‬‬ ‫‪shall‬‬ ‫‪be‬‬ ‫‪analyzed‬‬ ‫‪for‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎرات اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺷﺎﺣﻨﺔ ﻋﺎدﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪incidental truck traffic on the sidewalk.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Lateral‬‬ ‫‪loading‬‬ ‫‪on‬‬ ‫‪railing‬‬ ‫‪from‬‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪pedestrian traffic shall be 1.5 kN/m‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺸﺎة ‪ 1.5‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‪/‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪applied at the top of the rail.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن‪.‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫)‪Governing Live Load (L‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك )‪(L‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Design live load for Groups 1 to 5 shall‬‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪include various loading scenarios to‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻷوﻟﻰ واﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﺳﻴﻨﺎرﻳﻮﻫﺎت‬
‫‪maximize the load effects on the‬‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺻﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪member to be designed. This shall‬‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ اﻟﺬي ﺳُﻴﺼﻤﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪include, eccentric loading, alternate‬‬ ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ذﻟﻚ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻼﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬
‫‪lane loading, alternate span loading,‬‬ ‫وأﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺎرات اﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎوﺑﺔ وأﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت‬
‫‪and eccentric wind loading.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻨﺎوﺑﺔ وأﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح اﻟﻼﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪For bridges on curves, provision shall‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻮر اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎت ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪be made for the increased proportion‬‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎط ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ‬
‫‪of the load carried by main structural‬‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻻﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺼﺎر اﻟﻬﻴ‬
‫‪members due to eccentricity of the‬‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‪.‬‬
‫‪load.‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪Distribution of Live Load‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫‪o‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪For Groups 1 to 5, live load distribution‬‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪shall be based on AASHTO Standard‬‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻷوﻟﻰ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪Specifications.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
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 In line girder analysis, live load for ‫وﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة اﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ‬ 
Groups 3, 4, and 5 shall be distributed ‫ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬
in accordance with the AASHTO ‫ﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫وﻓﻘًﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‬
Standard Specifications ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬
requirements. .‫ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
 Impact Load (I) (I) ‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻻﺻﻄﺪام‬ 

o Impact load for Groups 1 to 5 ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺣﺴﺎب أﺣﻤﺎل اﻻﺻﻄﺪام ﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت‬ o
structures shall be calculated based ‫ﻣﻦ اﻷوﻟﻰ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
on the AASHTO Standard ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬
Specifications requirements. .‫اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
o The span length L in AASHTO impact ‫( ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬L) ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﻮل اﻟﻨﻄﺎق‬ o
factor equation, defined as the length ‫ اﻟﻤﻌّﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻻﺻﻄﺪام‬AASHTO
of the effective free span between ‫أﻧﻪ ﻃﻮل اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﺤﺮ اﻟﻔﻌﺎل ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬
columns or supports, shall be :‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬،‫واﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت‬
determined as follows:
 For simple structures, as the length of ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻪ ﻃﻮل‬،‫اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
the span analyzed for positive .‫اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﺬي ﺟﺮى ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻪ ﻟﻠﻌﺰم اﻹﻳﺠﺎﺑﻲ‬
moment,
 For continuous structures, as the ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬،‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮة‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬ 

average length of the neighboring ‫ﻃﻮل اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﻤﺠﺎور اﻟﺬي ﺟﺮى ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻪ ﻟﻠﻌﺰم‬
spans analyzed for negative moment. .‫اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ‬
 For continuous structures, the impact ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
value calculated for the shortest span ‫اﻻﺻﻄﺪام اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ ﻷﻗﺼﺮ ﻧﻄﺎق ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ‬
shall be applied for the remaining . ‫اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
spans in the structure.
o Impact load shall not be included in ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻻﺻﻄﺪام ﻓﻲ‬ o
the design of foundations, abutments, ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت وأﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
and other earth retaining structures. .‫إﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬
 Wind Load ‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬ 

The basic wind speed used for determining wind load ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬/‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
on structures and live load shall be provided by the ‫واﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
GDMP/ Amanat based on actual location of project. .‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ وذﻟﻚ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺮوع‬
o Wind Load Background ‫ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬ o
206
 If an increase in the design wind speed ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﻗﺒﻮل اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬ 
is accepted by the GDMP/ Amanat, ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﻓﻲ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﻳﺠﺐ‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
the increased wind speed shall be ‫ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة ﻓﻲ وﺛﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
recorded on the design documents .‫وﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎت‬
and shown on the plans.
 The wind loads in the next sections ‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﻓﻲ اﻷﻗﺴﺎم اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ 
are based on AASHTO, AREMA, and .ACI 358‫ و‬AREMA،AASHTO ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
ACI 358.
 Wind Load on Structure (W) (W) ‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 

o Wind Load on Superstructure (W) ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
Wind pressures on structures shall be ‫ﻛﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
included as part of the W loads as :‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
follows:
 For structures where the bottom of ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
the beams is located at a height (H) not ‫ أﻣﺘﺎر ﻓﻮق‬9.0 ‫( ﻻ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬H) ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎع‬
exceeding 9.0 m above natural ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬،‫اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ أو اﻟﺮدم أو اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬
ground, fill or water level, a uniform 2.36 ‫ﺿﻐﻂ رﻳﺎح ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺮض ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻳﺴﺎوي‬
transverse wind pressure of 2.36 ‫ وﺿﻐﻂ رﻳﺎح ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﻳﺴﺎوي‬2‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬/‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬
kN/m2, and a longitudinal wind ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰاﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴ‬2‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬/‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬0.59
pressure of 0.59 kN/m2 shall be ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬
applied simultaneously on the ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﺑﻨﺎًء‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
superstructure. The pressures shall ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى رأﺳﻲ ﻳﻤﺘﺪ ﻣﻮازﻳًﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻮر‬
be applied at the exposed area of the ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز‬ ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬. ‫اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
superstructure projected upon a ‫ أﻣﺘﺎر ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد أﻋﻼه‬9.0 ‫ﻃﻮﻟﻬﺎ‬
vertical plane running parallel to the :‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
longitudinal axis of the structure. For
taller structures of height exceeding
9.0 m, the above specified pressures
shall be as follows:
 H = 9.0 m to 17.0 m: :‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬17.0 ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ إﻟﻰ‬9.0 = ‫اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع‬ 

2 2
Transverse Wind Pressure 2.65 kN/m ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬/‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬2.65 ‫ﺿﻐﻂ رﻳﺎح ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺮض‬
2
Longitudinal Wind Pressure 0.69 ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬/‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬0.69 ‫ﺿﻐﻂ رﻳﺎح ﻃﻮﻟﻲ‬
2
kN/m
 H = 17.0 m to 25.0 m: :‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬25.0 ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ إﻟﻰ‬17.0 = ‫اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع‬ 

2 2
Transverse Wind Pressure 2.9 kN/ m ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬/‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬2.9 ‫ﺿﻐﻂ رﻳﺎح ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺮض‬
2
Longitudinal Wind Pressure 0.74 kN/ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬/‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬0.74 ‫ﺿﻐﻂ رﻳﺎح ﻃﻮﻟﻲ‬
2
m
207
 For Traffic structures higher than 25.0 ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬25.0 ‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
m, wind pressures shall be ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﻫﻴ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﻟ‬
determined on a structure by .‫وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺘﻀﻴﻪ أﻛﻮاد اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
structure basis, as specified under ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻹدارة‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬
adopted design codes. For special ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ،‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
structures, the GDMP/ Amanat might ‫ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬،‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬
request further investigation of wind ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮة‬ ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
loads using methods other than those ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫رﻣﻮز‬/‫أﻛﻮاد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬
specified under adopted design .‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
codes.
 The resultant of transverse wind ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﻓﺘﺮاض أن ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬ 

pressures shall be assumed to act in ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﺮﺿﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ أي اﺗﺠﺎه‬
any transverse direction, acting ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺮض‬
through the centroid of the exposed . ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻮازﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
area running parallel to the
longitudinal axis of the structure.
 In the design of the substructure, an ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
additional wind load shall be ‫ﺣﻤﻞ رﻳﺎح إﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻛﻘﻮة إﻟﻰ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺷ‬
considered as an upward force in the ‫ﺣﻤﻞ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻳﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟُﺮﺑﻌﻴﺔ ﻻﺗﺠﺎه‬
form of a lineal load applied at the ‫واﻟﻤﻘﺎس ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﻟﻠﻌﺮض اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
windward quarter point of the ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺣﺠﻢ‬.‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﻮاﺟﻪ ﻟﻠﺮﻳﺎح‬
transverse width of the ‫ ﻣﻦ‬2‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬/‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬0.98 ‫ﻫﺬه اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬
superstructure, measured from the . ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮف ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
upwind surface. The magnitude of this
vertical force shall be 0.98 kN/m2 of
the exposed plan area of the
structure.
o Wind Load on Substructure (W) ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o

Wind upon the substructure shall be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
included in load as follows: :‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
 The substructure shall be designed to ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬ ‫وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ‬ 
withstand the preceding loads from ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
the superstructure in addition to live ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺿﻐﻂ رﻳﺎح‬،‫ ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬
load. Further, a uniform and 1.9 ‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬ ‫وﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ‬
perpendicular wind pressure of 1.92 ‫ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ أي اﺗﺠﺎه ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬2‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬/‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬
kN/m2, acting in any direction, shall be ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﻗﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
applied acting at the centroid of the .‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى رأﺳﻲ‬
208
exposed face of the substructure

projected onto a vertical plane.
o Wind Load on Live Load (WL) (WL) ‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ o
 For traffic on structures where the ‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
height (H) does not exceed 9.0 m ‫ أﻣﺘﺎر ﻓﻮق اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى أو اﻷرض‬9.0 ‫اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع ﻋﻠﻰ‬
above grade, natural ground, fill or ‫اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ أو اﻟﺮدم أو اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬
water level the wind on live load (WL) ‫اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﺣﻤﻞ رﻳﺎح‬
shall consist of a transverse wind load ‫ وﺣﻤﻞ‬2‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬/‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬1.45 ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺮض ﻳﺴﺎوي‬
of 1.45 kN/m and a longitudinal wind ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ‬2‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬/‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬0.58 ‫رﻳﺎح ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﻳﺴﺎوي‬
load of 0.58 kN/m. These loads shall ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﻘﻮة‬.‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰاﻣﻦ‬
be applied simultaneously. The ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﺣﻤﺎل ﻣﺮﻛﺰة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
transverse force shall be applied to 1.8 ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺳﻄﺢ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
the superstructure as concentrated ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ‬.‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﻓﻮق اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
loads acting through a plane located ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
1.8 m above the top elevation of the ‫ﺣﻤﺎل ﻣﻮزﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺴﺎوي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬
superstructure. The longitudinal force ‫اﻟﻨﻄﺎق وﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻷﻓﻘﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ‬
shall be applied to the superstructure ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻓﻮق اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬1.8 ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
as a uniformly distributed load along ‫اﻷﻃﻮل ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬.‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
the length of the span, acting within a ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﻴﻢ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﺮﺿﺔ‬9.0
horizontal plane located 1.8 m above :‫واﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
the top elevation of the
superstructure. For structures taller
than 9.0 m, the transverse and
longitudinal values of WL shall be as
follows:
H = 9.0 m to 17.0 m: :‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬17.0 ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ إﻟﻰ‬9.0 = ‫اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع‬
2
Transverse wind pressure 5.31 kN/m ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬/‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬5.31 ‫ﺿﻐﻂ رﻳﺎح ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺮض‬
2
Longitudinal wind pressure 1.33 kN/m ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬/‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬1.33 ‫ﺿﻐﻂ رﻳﺎح ﻃﻮﻟﻲ‬
H = 17.0 m to 25.0 m: :‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬25.0 ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ إﻟﻰ‬17.0 = ‫اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع‬

2
Transverse wind pressure 5.75 kN/m ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬/‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬5.75 ‫ﺿﻐﻂ رﻳﺎح ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺮض‬
2
Longitudinal wind pressure 1.42 kN/m ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬/‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ‬1.42 ‫ﺿﻐﻂ رﻳﺎح ﻃﻮﻟﻲ‬
 For traffic on structures higher than 25.0 ‫اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
25.0 m, wind pressures shall be ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﻴ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﻟ‬
determined on a structure by ‫رﻣﻮز اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬/‫ﺣﺪة وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﺘﻀﻴﻪ أﻛﻮاد‬
structure basis, as specified under .‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
adopted design codes.
209
 For special structures, GDMP/ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻹدارة‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ 

Amanat might request further ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ،‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
investigation of wind loads using ‫ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬،‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬
methods other than those specified ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮة‬ ‫ﻃﺮق‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
under adopted design codes. ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫رﻣﻮز‬/‫أﻛﻮاد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬
.‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
 The above loads shall be considered ‫ﺗﺠﺐ أﺧﺬ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل أﻋﻼه ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻋﻨﺪ‬ 
in the design of substructure ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺪﻋﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
elements that support one single lane .‫ﻣﺴﺎرًا واﺣﺪًا ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ‬
of traffic.
 For the design of substructure ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
elements that support two lanes, the ‫ ﻋﻨﺪ‬%30 ‫ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﻣﺴﺎرﻳﻦ ﻓﺘﺠﺐ زﻳﺎدﺗﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
loads shall be increased by 30 percent .‫ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺎرﻳﻦ‬
when two lanes are loaded.
 Centrifugal Force (CF) (CF) ‫ﻗّﻮة اﻟﻄﺮد اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي‬ 

On curves, structures shall be designed for a ‫ ﻟﻘﻮة ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ أﻓﻘﻴﺔ )ﻗﻮة‬،‫ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎت‬، ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
horizontal radial force (centrifugal force/CF) ،‫ دون اﺻﻄﺪام‬،‫ﻃﺮد ﻣﺮﻛﺰي( ﻛﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬
determined as the percentage of the live load, without ‫ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﺴﺎرات اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻮﺻﻒ اﻟﻮارد أدﻧﺎه‬
impact, in all traffic lanes obtained as described below .(AASHTO)
(AASHTO).
C = 7.865 x 10-3 S2 / R C = 7,865 x 10-3 S2 / R

where: : ‫ﺣﻴ ﺚ‬
C = Centrifugal force in percentage of the live load ‫ = ﻗﻮة اﻟﻄﺮد اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﻛﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮك‬C
R = Radius of curvature (m) ‫ = ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء‬R
S = Permissible speed (km/hr) (‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬/‫ = اﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻬﺎ )ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬S
The centrifugal force obtained using the above ‫ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺮﺟﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬،‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻗﻮة اﻟﻄﺮد اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي‬
percentages shall be applied horizontally through a ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻓﻮق‬1.8 ‫ أﻓﻘﻴًﺎ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬،‫اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ أﻋﻼه‬
point 1.8 m above the top surface of the roadway ‫اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﺎس ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﻊ‬
measured along a line perpendicular to the centerline .‫اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬
of the roadway.
Traffic lanes shall be loaded in accordance with the AASHTO ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺎرات اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬
provisions of AASHTO with one standard truck on ‫ﻣﺴﺎر ﻣﺮوري ﻓﻲ وﺿﻊ ﻳﺆدي‬ ‫ﻣﻊ ﺷﺎﺣﻨﺔ واﺣﺪة ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
each traffic lane placed in position for maximum .‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻟ ﻣﻞ‬
loading.
210
 Longitudinal Force (LF) (LF) ‫اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬ 

o Design of structures shall consider a ‫ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻘﻮة‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
longitudinal force due to acceleration ‫اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺴﺎرع وﺗﺒﺎﻃﺆ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ‬
and deceleration of traffic equal to 5 ‫ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺤﺪد ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻓﻲ‬%5 ‫ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
percent of those determined for live ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺎرات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
load in all lanes carrying traffic and ‫ﻧﻔﺲ اﻻﺗﺠﺎه ﺑﻐﺾ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ اﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﺴﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ‬
headed in the same direction, ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎرات‬
regardless of the direction of travel on ‫ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر زاﺋﺪًا اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺮّﻛﺰ ﻟﻠﻌﺰم اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻖ دون‬
the lanes. Live load shall be based on ‫اﺻﻄﺪام وﻣﻊ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﺾ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎرات ذات اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ‬
lane load plus the concentrated load ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪد ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺤﺪد ﻓﻲ اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬
for applicable moment, without ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﻘﻮة ﻛﻘﻮة ﻃﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻳﻔﺘﺮض‬.AASHTO
impact and with reduction for multiple (‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬1.8) ‫أن ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻷﻓﻘﻲ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد‬
loaded lanes as specified in AASHTO. ‫ﻓﻮق ﺑﻼﻃﺔ اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أن ُﺗﻨﻘﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
The force shall be applied as a ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻫﺬه‬.‫ﻓﺮﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻫﻴ‬
longitudinal force assumed to act ‫اﻟﻘﻮة ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ أي اﺗﺠﺎه ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮل‬
within a horizontal plane located (1.8 . ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬
m) above the floor slab and to be
transmitted to the substructure
through the substructure. The force
shall be considered to act in any
direction along the structure.
o The effective longitudinal force shall ‫ُﺗﻮزع اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ o
be distributed to the various ‫اﻟﺪاﻋﻢ ﻣﻊ أﺧﺬ اﻟﻘﺴﺎوة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
components of the supporting ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ‬.‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر‬
structure, taking into the account their ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺮدم ﺧﻠﻒ أﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
relative stiffness. The resistance of ‫ أﻣﺎ اﻵﻟﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻓﺮة‬.‫ن ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻤﻜﻨًﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ‬
the backfill behind the abutments ‫)اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ وأﺟﻬﺰة ﻧﻘﻞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ( ﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬
shall be utilized where applicable. The ‫اﻟﻘﻮة إﻟﻰ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ أﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
mechanisms (bearings, load transfer .‫اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻟﺘﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬
devices, etc.) available to transfer the
force to the various components shall
also be considered in the analysis to
distribute the longitudinal force.
o In torsional sensitive structures, such ‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﺔ ﻟﻼﻟﺘﻮاء ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
as single column piers, the design ‫ذات اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻓﻲ‬
shall consider the scenario of the ‫اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﺳﻴﻨﺎرﻳﻮ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬
longitudinal force applied .‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰاﻣﻦ ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎﻫﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻛﺴﻴﻦ‬
simultaneously in opposite directions.
211
 Earth Lateral Load (EH) (EH) ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬ 

o The structures, as applicable, shall be ‫ ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬،‫ ﺣﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ‬، ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
designed to resist lateral load due to .‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬
soil pressure. When the retained soil ‫وﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﺸﺒﻊ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬
could become saturated, those forces ‫ ﻣﻊ إﻫﻤﺎل‬،‫ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻘﻮى ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ راﻧﻜﻴﻦ‬
shall be estimated based on Rankine :‫اﺣﺘ ك اﻟﺠﺪران‬
equation, neglecting wall friction:
Pa = 0.5 y H2 Ka Pa = 0.5 y H2 Ka
Where: : ‫ﺣﻴ ﺚ‬
Pa = Active thrust (kg/m) (‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬/‫ = دﻓﻊ ﻓﻌﺎل )ﻛﻴﻠﻮﺟﺮام‬Pa
Y = Unit weight of retained soil fill (kg/m3) ‫ = وزن اﻟﻮﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮدم اﻟﺘﺮاﻧﻲ اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدي‬Y
H = Height upon which earth thrust acts (3‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬/‫)ﻛﻴﻠﻮﺟﺮام‬
(m) (‫ = اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ دﻓﻊ اﻷرض )ﻣﺘﺮ‬H
Ka = Active pressure coefficient ‫ = ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻔﻌﺎل‬Ka
Ka = Ka (β, ϕ) (Ka = Ka (β, ϕ
β = Angle of inclination of slope to ‫= زاوﻳﺔ اﻧﺤﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﻴﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻷﻓﻘﻲ‬ β
horizontal ‫ = زاوﻳﺔ اﻻﺣﺘ ك اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬ϕ
ϕ = Angle of internal friction
o For dry retained soil, wall friction shall ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ‬ o
be included, and the earth pressure ‫اﺣﺘ ك اﻟﺠﺪار ﻣﻊ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻷرض ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ‬
shall be estimated based on Coulomb :‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻛﻮﻟﻮﻣﺐ أدﻧﺎه‬
equation given by:
Pa = 0.5 y H2 Ka Pa = 0.5 y H2 Ka
Where: : ‫ﺣﻴ ﺚ‬
Pa = Active pressure (kg/m) (‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬/‫ = اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻔﻌﺎل )ﻛﻴﻠﻮﺟﺮام‬Ka
y = Unit weight of retained soil fill ‫= وزن اﻟﻮﺣﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮدم اﻟﺘﺮاﻧﻲ اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدي‬ y
3
(kg/m3) ( ‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬/‫)ﻛﻴﻠﻮﺟﺮام‬
H = Height upon which earth pressure acts (‫ = اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ دﻓﻊ اﻷرض )ﻣﺘﺮ‬H
(m)
Ka = Active pressure coefficient ‫ = ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻔﻌﺎل‬Ka
Ka = Ka (α,δ) (Ka = Ka (β, ϕ
α = Angle of inclination of the back ‫= زاوﻳﺔ اﻧﺤﻨﺎء اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺪار‬ β
face of the wall with respect to horizontal ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻷﻓﻘﻲ‬
δ = Wall friction angle ‫= زاوﻳﺔ اﺣﺘ ك اﻟﺠﺪار‬ δ
212
o According to AASHTO Section 3.11.5, ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ (5-11-3) ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ووﻓﻘًﺎ‬ o

the earth pressure coefficients ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ AASHTO
adopted in design are dependent on ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻮع‬
the wall type and degree of ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت‬.‫اﻟﺠﺪار ودرﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬
movement. The earth pressure ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬،‫ إﺿﺎﻓًﺔ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ‬،‫ﺿﻐﻂ اﻷرض‬
coefficients further depend on soil ‫)ﺣﺒﻴﺒﻴﺔ أم ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺴﺔ( وﺗﻤﺎﺳﻜﻬﺎ وﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ وﻏﻴﺮ‬
types (granular or cohesive), ‫ وﻗﺪ ﻻ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ راﻧﻜﻴﻦ ﻣﻼﺋﻤًﺔ ﺑﻨﺎًء‬.‫ذﻟﻚ‬
consolidation state, etc. Rankine .‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ورد أﻋﻼه وﻟﻸرض اﻟﻤﻨﺤﺪرة وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
equation may not be appropriate ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وﻳﺠﺐ‬ ،‫ﻫﺬا‬
depending on the above, sloping ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻗﺎدرًا ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ‬/‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
ground, etc. The A/E shall be able to ‫ﻫﺬه اﻟﻘﻴﻮد ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ راﻧﻜﻴﻦ وأن‬
identify such limitations on Rankine ‫ﻳﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻹدارة‬
equation, and recommend alternative ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎدﻫﺎ‬/‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
methods to GDMP/ Amanat for .‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل وﺟﻮدﻫﺎ‬
approval should they arise.
 Shear Resistance at Expansion Bearings (F) (F) ‫ﻗﻮة ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬ 
Structures shall be designed with provisions to ‫ﻣﻊ اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎط ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎب اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
accommodate forces due to friction or shear .‫اﻻﺣﺘ ك أو ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬
resistance at expansion bearings.
 Other Forces (OF) (OF) ‫ﻗﻮى أﺧﺮى‬ 

The transportation structures shall be designed to ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
resist all applicable forces due to concrete shrinkage ‫( وﻫﺒﻮط اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت وﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ‬S) ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻧﻜﻤﺎش اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
(S)), settlement of supports, rib shortening (R), ‫( واﻹﻧﺸﺎء أو أي أﺣﻤﺎل أﺧﺮى ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ أن ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴ‬R) ‫اﻷوﺗﺎر‬
erection, or any other loads expected to act on the .‫وﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺪرﺟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬
structure and not included in this manual.
 Thermal Forces (T) (T) ‫اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬ 

213
o Forces and deformations resulting ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎط ﻟﻠﻘﻮى واﻟﺘﺸﻮﻫﺎت اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ‬ o
from temperature variations shall be .‫ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻦ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
accounted for.
o The maximum expected temperature ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أﺧﺬ ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻨﺎت درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻘﺼﻮى‬ o
differential and coefficients of thermal ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ وﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻟﺘﻤﺪد اﻟﺤﺮاري ﻓﻲ‬
expansion should be considered as ‫اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ )ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري‬
follows (A/E shall verify project ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬/‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
specific values): :(‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
 Concrete: :‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ 
Temperature Differential 70° C between ‫ درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﻨﻲ‬70 ‫ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻦ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
max. and min. .‫اﻟﻘﺼﻮى واﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬
Expansion Coefficient 1.08x10-5 (x10-5 cm/(cm-oC1.08 ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬
o
cm/(cm- C)
Temperature Rise 40° C ‫ درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬40 ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
Temperature Fall 30° C ‫ درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬30 ‫اﻧﺨﻔﺎض درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
Expansion Coefficient 1.17x10-5 (x10-5 cm/(cm-oC1.17 ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬
o
cm/(cm- C)
o The 40oC increase and 30oC decrease ‫ درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬40 ‫ﺗﻔﺘﺮض اﻟﺰﻳﺎدة ﺑﻤﻌﺪل‬ o
in temperature assumes that the ‫ درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ أن درﺟﺔ‬30 ‫واﻻﻧﺨﻔﺎض ﺑﻤﻌﺪل‬
stress-free temperature (temperature ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﺨﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد )اﻟﺘﻲ ﺟﺮى ﺻﺐ‬
at which the structure is cast) is .‫ درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬30 ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ( ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪود‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬
o
around 30 C.
o Thermal forces in concrete box girder ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺴﻮر‬ o
bridges due to temperature ‫اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﺼﻨﺪوﻗﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻦ‬
differential between the top of the ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة ﺑﻴﻦ أﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ وأدﻧﻰ ﺑﻼﻃﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
deck and bottom slab shall be based .‫ درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬20 ‫ﺗﺪرج ﺣﺮاري ﺑﻤﻌﺪل‬
on a temperature gradient of 20o C.
o Air humidity to be considered in the ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن رﻃﻮﺑﺔ اﻟﻬﻮاء اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ o
design shall be 70 percent. .%70 ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬
 Earthquake Forces (EQ) (EQ) ‫ﻗﻮى اﻟّﺰﻻزل‬ 

o The transportation structures ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺤﻤﻞ أﺣﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ o
carrying highway loads shall be ‫اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎط ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺎًء‬
designed for seismic loads based ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ‬.‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت وزارة اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬
upon the MOT requirements. ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﺑﻬﺬه اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻷداء‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
Structures designed as such shall ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻟﻀﻤﺎن ﺳﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ واﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
satisfy the specified performance
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criteria to ensure safety of the ‫ﺗ ﻟﻴﻒ اﻷﺿﺮار واﻧﻘﻄﺎع اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ‬
traveling public and minimize the .‫اﻟﻬﺰات اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ‬
costs of damage, and loss of use
caused by potential earthquakes.
o The soil supporting the transportation

structures shall be analyzed for ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
liquefaction hazard and, as ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ اﻻﻧﺤﻼل ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ‬
appropriate, mitigation measures .‫واﺗﺨﺎذ إﺟﺮاءات اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ‬
shall be taken.
 Stream Flow Pressure (SF)

All piers and other portions of structures which are (SF) ‫ﺿﻐﻂ ﻣﺠﺎري اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬ 
subject to the force of flowing water or drift shall be ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ واﻷﺟﺰاء اﻷﺧﺮى ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
designed to resist the maximum stresses induced ‫ﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
ّ ‫ﻟﻘﻮة ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه أو اﻻﻧﺠﺮاف ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻤ‬
thereby. .‫أﻗﺼﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻹﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ‬
The effect of flowing water on piers and drift build up,

assuming a second-degree parabolic velocity ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻤﺘﺪﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ وﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻗﻮى اﻻﻧﺠﺮاف‬
distribution and thus a triangular pressure distribution ‫ﺑﺎﻓﺘﺮاض ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ ﺑﻴﻀﺎوي ﻟﻠﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬
shall be computed using the following equation: :‫ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﻀﻐﻂ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
P = KV2
Where: P = KV2
P = Average stream pressure in Pa : ‫ﺣﻴ ﺚ‬
K = A constant, being 725 for all piers subjected to ‫ = ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺠﺎﺑﺎﺳ ل‬P
drift build up and square ended piers, 360 for circular ‫ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﺘﺮاﻛﻢ اﻻﻧﺠﺮاف‬725 ‫ = ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻳﺴﺎوي‬K
piers, and 260 for angle-ended piers where the ‫ ﻟﻠﺮ ﺋﺰ‬260‫ ﻟﻠﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ و‬360 ،‫واﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ ذات اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻌﺔ‬
angle is 30 degrees or less. .‫ درﺟﺔ أو أﻗﻞ‬30 ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻬﻴﺔ ﺑﺰواﻳﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺴﺎوي اﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ‬
V = Average water flow velocity in m/sec.
.‫ = ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺘﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬V
The maximum stream flow pressure P max shall be
computed using the above equation as twice the ‫( ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬P Max) ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺣﺴﺎب ﺿﻐﻂ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﺠﺮى اﻷﻗﺼﻰ‬
average stream flow pressure, Pavg. Stream flow ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ أﻋﻼه ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺎوي ﺿﻌﻒ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﺠﺮى‬
pressure shall be a triangular distribution with P max ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺿﻐﻂ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﺠﺮى ﺗﻮزﻳﻌًﺎ ﺛﻼﺛﻴًﺎ ﻳﺤﺚ ﻳﻘﻊ‬.(Pavg)
located at the top of water elevation and zero ‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﺠﺮى اﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﻤﺔ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻤﻴﺎه وﻳﻘﻊ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬
pressure located at the flow line. .‫اﻟﺼﻔﺮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻂ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬
The stream flow forces shall be calculated as the

product of the stream flow triangular pressure ‫وﻳﺠﺐ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﻮى ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﺠﺮى ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
distribution by the exposed pier area. If the ‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ ﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﺠﺮى ﻣﻘﺴﻮﻣًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
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corresponding top of water elevation is above the low ‫ وإذا ن ارﺗﻔﺎع أﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﻮق ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺮﻛﻴﺰة‬
beam elevation, stream flow loading on the .‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ ﻓﺘﺠﺐ دراﺳﺔ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﺠﺮى ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
superstructure shall be investigated. Then the stream ‫وﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أﺧﺪ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻰ اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
flow pressure acting on the superstructure shall be ‫ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل‬.‫ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ‬Pmax ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺎوي‬
taken as P max with a uniform distribution. When ‫ن ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﺠﺮى ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﺎدي ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﻛﻴﺰة ﻓﺘﺠﺐ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﻮن‬
stream flow is not normal to the pier, directional .‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺠﺎه ﻓﻲ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬
component of the pressure shall be investigated.
When it is anticipated that the flow area under a

structure will be significantly blocked by drift build up, ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﻗﻊ ﺣﺠﺐ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
increases in high water elevations, stream velocities, ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ اﻻﻧﺠﺮاف ﻓﺘﺠﺐ دراﺳﺔ زﻳﺎدات اﻻرﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
stream flow pressures, and the potential increases in ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎه وﺳﺮﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺮى وﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺠﺮى واﻟﺰﻳﺎدات‬
scour depths shall be investigated .‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ أﻋﻤﺎق اﻟﻨﺤﺮ‬
 Buoyancy (B)
Design of foundations is negatively impacted by (B) ‫اﻟﻄﻔﻮ‬ 
buoyancy. The foundation structures shall be ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬.‫ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﺳﻠﺒًﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻔﻮ‬
designed assuming the negative effects of buoyancy, ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﺑﺎﻓﺘﺮاض وﺟﻮد اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﻔﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺠِﺮ إزاﻟﺔ‬
unless water below the foundation level is effectively .‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﺑﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬
removed.
 Prestressing Forces (PS)

Design of transportation structures shall consider the (PS) ‫ﻗﻮى اﻹﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ‬ 
forces created in those structures due to ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
prestressing. Those shall include 1) primary forces ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ‬. ‫اﻹﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ داﺧﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
occurring in any prestressed structure and secondary ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻖ‬ ‫( اﻟﻘﻮى اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺪث ﻓﻲ أي ﻫﻴ‬1) :‫اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎرات‬
forces occurring in prestressed concrete continuous ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﺟﻬﺎد واﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺪث ﻓﻲ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
structures and 2) forces arising during construction ‫( اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻨﺎﺷﺌﺔ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬2) ،‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬
due to temporary restraint of post-tensioned ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أﺧﺬ اﻷﺧﻴﺮة‬.‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺸﺪ‬
members. The latter shall be considered under ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺪم‬،‫ ﻫﺬا‬.‫ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﺿﻤﻦ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻹﻧﺸﺎء أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬
erection loads during construction. Movement due to .‫إﻋﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻻﻧﻜﻤﺎش اﺛﻨﺎء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﻤﺴﺒﻖ‬
shortening during prestressing shall never be
obstructed.
5.6.7.2 NONSTANDARD LOADS

 In addition to the loads defined herein, GDMP/ ‫ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬5.6.7.2
Amanat may request that Groups 3, 4, and 5 ‫ ﻗﺪ‬،‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ‬ 
highway structures be designed for loads ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬/‫ﺗﻄﻠﺐ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
other than those previously defined to assess ‫اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ واﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬
ultimate strength or stability of the structures. ‫واﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﺧﻼف ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬
. ‫اﻟﻘﻮة أو اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
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 Construction Loads : All transportation ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻫﻴﺎ‬: ‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬ 
structures shall be designed to safely and ‫ﺗﻘﺎوم ﺑﺄﻣﺎن وﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ أﻛﻮاد‬
adequately resist construction loads specified .‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
under adopted design codes.
5.6.8 DEFORMATION LIMITS ‫ ﺣﺪود اﻟﺘﺸﻮه‬5.6.8

Flexural members of bridge structures shall be ‫اﻟﺠﺴﻮر ﺑﺤﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﺜﻨﺎء ﻓﻲ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
designed to have adequate stiffness to limit ‫ﺗﻜﻮن ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ اﻟﻘﺴﺎوة اﻟ ﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺸﻮﻫﺎت أو أي ﺗﻐﻴﺮات‬
deflections or any deformations which may adversely ‫أو ﻗﺪرﺗﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﺳﻠﺒًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮة اﻟﻬﻴ‬
affect the strength or serviceability of the structure at ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز اﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬.‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
service load levels. Deflection of main structural L ‫ ﺣﻴﺚ‬L/800 ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﺜﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ أﺣﻤﺎًﻻ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
flexural members carrying live load shall not exceed .‫ﻃﻮل ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬
L/800 where L is the member's span length.
The transportation structures shall be designed for a 25 ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻟﻬﺒﻮط رأﺳﻲ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﻻ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
minimum of 25 mm vertical differential settlement at ‫ وﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬.‫ﻣﻠﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ أﺳﺎس أٍي ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬
any single pier foundation. Based on geological and ‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬ ‫واﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ ﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
geotechnical assessment of the structure's site, .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﻫﺬا اﻟﻬﺒﻮط اﻟﻤﺘﻔﺎوت اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
GDMP/ Amanat may change this differential
settlement requirement.
5.6.9 FATIGUE ‫ اﻟ ﺎل‬5.6.9

Groups 3, 4, and 5 shall be verified to have adequate ‫ﻓﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺎل‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ وﺟﻮد ﻋﻤﺮ‬
fatigue life under highway traffic. The aim of .‫واﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ واﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻇﺮوف اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
performing fatigue- safety verification is to ‫وﻳﻬﺪف أداء اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ اﻟ ﺎل إﻟﻰ إﺛﺒﺎت أن آﺛﺎر اﻟ ﺎل‬
demonstrate that the fatigue effects due to traffic ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻦ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﺟﺴﺮ‬
loads will not impair the safety of the highway bridge ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬.‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ أﺛﻨﺎء ﻋﻤﺮه اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻲ اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻂ‬
during its intended service life. Fatigue requirements ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟ ﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬
specified under AASHTO Standard Specifications ‫اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ اﻟ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻦ‬
may be used for adequate fatigue life verification. .‫ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟ ﺎل‬

 All bridge bearings shall be designed and ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﺤﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ وإﻧﺸﺎؤﻫﺎ وﻓﻘًﺎ‬ 
constructed according to AASHTO and as ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق‬
specified in this manual. Bearings articulation ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ‬.‫اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ وﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺤﺪد ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬
shall be shown on plans and be consistent with ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﺗﻜﻮن‬
the structure's kinematics under applicable ‫ﺿﻤﻦ أﺣﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺴﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺴﻤﺎت اﻟﺤﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
design loads. .‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬
217
 Uplift ‫ﻗﻮة اﻟﺪﻓﻊ‬ 

Design of the transportation structures shall ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃًﺎ ﻟﻠﺮﺑﻂ اﻟ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
include provisions for adequate attachment of ‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻗﻮة‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
superstructure members to the substructure to ‫ ﻣﻦ‬%150 ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻧﻘﺎط اﻹرﺳﺎء أو اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ‬.‫اﻟﺪﻓﻊ‬
resist uplift. Anchorage or tie down elements shall %125‫( و‬I) ‫ﻗﻮى اﻟﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
be designed to provide 150 percent of the uplift ‫ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮى اﻟﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼت أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
forces calculated under Group I loading and 125 ‫اﻷﺧﺮى وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬
percent of that calculated under all other service ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻹرﺳﺎء ﻟﻘﻮة ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬.‫واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
load combinations of the AASHTO. Anchorage ‫( ﺣﻴﺚ‬I) ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ ﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ دﻋﻢ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬100
devices shall be designed for a minimum force of .‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻗﻮة اﻟﺪﻓﻊ‬
100 kN per beam support location for Group I
where uplift is identified.
 Uplift requirements mandated under the ‫ﺗﺴﻮد ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 
seismic design criteria shall govern over those .‫اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
specified in this section.
5.6.11 CONCRETE BOX CULVERTS ‫ اﻟﻌّﺒﺎرات اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻨﺪوﻗﻴﺔ‬5.6.11

 Concrete box culverts shall be fully designed ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻌّﺒﺎرات اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺼﻨﺪوﻗﻴﺔ وإﻧﺸﺎؤﻫﺎ‬ 
and constructed in accordance with AASHTO ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮاﻓﻖ اﻟﺘﺎم ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ‬
and as amended by this manual. ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ وﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼت اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ‬
.‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬
 A culvert shall be defined as any structure, ‫ ﻣﻔﺮد أو ﻣﺘﻌﺪد‬، ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻌّﺒﺎرة ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻬﺎ أي ﻫﻴ‬ 
whether of single or multiple-span ‫ ُﺗﻘﺎس أﻓﻘﻴًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮل‬،‫ ﻣﺘﺮ أو أﻗﻞ‬6.0 ‫ ﺑﻌﺮض‬،‫اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت‬
construction, with an interior width of 6.0 m or ‫اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ واﺟﻬﺔ ﻛﺘﻒ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ أو اﻟﺠﺪار‬
less, measured horizontally along the center ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺮ‬ ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬.‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى‬
line of the roadway from face- to-face of ‫ أﻣﺘﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬6.0 ‫ﻋﺒﺮ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
abutments or sidewalls. Structures spanning ‫ وﺗﻜﻮن ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ‬.‫اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﻓُﺘﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر‬
more than 6.0 m along the centerline of the ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼت ﻫﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻴﺔ وﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪًا ﻟﻠﻌّﺒﺎرات‬
highway shall be considered bridges. More ‫ وﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا‬.‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
complex hydraulic and design analysis is .‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ٍ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات واﻟﻌﺒﺎرات اﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
generally required for bridge-size culverts.
The information in this section shall apply to
both culvert and bridge size culverts.
 Hydraulic analysis of culverts is generally ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎرات ﺑﺼﻮرٍة ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ 
based on the span length, and any ‫ﻃﻮل اﻟﻨﻄﺎق وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﺘﻄﻮر ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬
sophisticated backwater analysis program .‫اﻟﻌّﺒﺎرات‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ وﺷ‬
shall be used to determine the size and shape
of culvert structures.
218
 Hydraulic analysis shall be performed on all ‫ﻳﺠﺐ إﺟﺮاء اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻌﻲ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات‬ 
culverts over drainage or seawater cooling ‫ﻓﻲ ﻗﻨﻮات اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ أو ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ‬
channels, including the standard un- .‫اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬
reinforced culvert structures.
 Four-sided (box), three-sided, and arch types ‫ ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬،(‫ُﺗﻘﺪم اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات رﺑﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ )اﻟﺼﻨﺪوﻗﻴﺔ‬ 
of concrete culverts are often provided as ‫اﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ واﻟﻘﻮﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﻛﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت ﺧﺎﺿﻌﺔ‬
proprietary products with adjustable basic ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺟﻮاﻧﺐ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬
geometries and designed using specialized ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫وﻣﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬
software. A/E proposing such products shall ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻘﺘﺮح ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه‬/‫اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
include in the submittal to GDMP/ Amanat ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت أن ﻳﺪرج ﻓﻲ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎﺗﻪ إﻟﻰ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
design basis report, sample calculations, and ،‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬/‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
foundation reactions for the proposed system. ‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ وردود أﻓﻌﺎل اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬
.‫ﺗﺠﺎه اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ‬
 The maximum clear span (the perpendicular ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻟﺸﺎﻏﺮ )اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ 
distance between the inside face of the ‫اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎرات ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎﻧﻔﺔ‬
sidewalls for non-skewed culverts, or for the ‫أو اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺪران‬
perpendicular distance between the ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎرات اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎﻧﻔﺔ(ﻟﻠﻌﺒﺎرة اﻟﺼﻨﺪوﻗﻴﺔ‬
centrelines of the sidewalls for skewed . ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬7.3 ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻋﻦ‬
culverts) for a cast in place concrete box
culvert shall not exceed 7.3 m.
 Before a final determination is made to use a ‫وﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻘﺮار اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋّﺒﺎرة ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﺗﺠﺐ‬ 
large concrete culvert, the use of a short-span ‫دراﺳﺔ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺟﺴﺮ ﻗﺼﻴﺮ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق ﻣﻊ ﻣﻴﻼﻧﺎت ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺔ‬
bridge with laid-back slopes and integral .‫وأﻛﺘﺎف ﻣﺘ ﻣﻠﺔ‬
abutments shall be investigated.
5.6.12 CONCRETE SUPERSTRUCTURE ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬5.6.12

Design and construction of concrete superstructures ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
shall be based upon the standards and specifications ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬.‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ واﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
included in this section. Concrete superstructures ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﺎوم ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ وﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
shall be designed to resist all applicable standard and ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻷداء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺪدﻫﺎ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬
nonstandard loads at the required performance levels ‫اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ واﻟﻤﻌﺪﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا‬
mandated by AASHTO and amended by this manual. .‫اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬
5.6.13 CONCRETE DECK ‫ أرﺿﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬5.6.13

 For multispan structures, the concrete deck ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
shall be designed to be continuous for live ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ وﻳﺠﺐ‬
load, and the top of the deck shall be ‫ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ أﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ ﺟﻴﺪًا ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
appropriately reinforced to locally resist all .‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ وﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
219
applicable standard and nonstandard loads

specified in this section.
 On skewed decks, main deck reinforcement ‫أﻣﺎ اﻷرﺿﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎﻧﻔﺔ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ وﺿﻊ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬ 
shall be placed normal to the girders/bridge ‫اﻟﺨﻂ‬/‫اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﺮاﺿﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة‬
centerline when the skew angle does not .‫ درﺟﺔ‬30 ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﻟﻠﺠﺴﺮ إذا ﻟﻢ ﺗﺘﺠﺎوز زاوﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺠﺎﻧﻒ‬
exceed 30 degrees.
 For skew angles greater than 30 degrees, ‫ درﺟﺔ‬30 ‫أﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ زواﻳﺎ اﻟﺘﺠﺎﻧﻒ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ 
main deck reinforcement shall be placed ‫ﻓﻴﻮﺿﻊ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ ﻣﻮازﻳًﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﻧﻒ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﺎت ذات‬
parallel to the skew at the obtuse triangles ‫اﻟﺰواﻳﺎ اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺮﺟﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺎت اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ وﻣﻮازﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺎرﺿﺔ‬
formed at the ends of the deck, and parallel to .‫اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي ﻟﻠﺠﺴﺮ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﺎت‬/‫اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة‬
the girders/bridge centerline past the areas of
the triangles.
 Design of expansion joints ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬ 
 Joint design shall be based on: :‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬ 
o Bridge Shrinkage Effects ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻧﻜﻤﺎش اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ o
o Thermal Effects ‫اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬ o
o Bridge Geometry. ‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎت اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﺮ‬ o
5.6.14 DECK DRAINAGE ‫ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ أرﺿﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬5.6.14

Deck drainage shall be based on proper calculations ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ أرﺿﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ‬
of storm water runoff, and can be accomplished by ‫ﻟﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎت ﻣﻴﺎه اﻷﻣﻄﺎر وﻳﻤﻜﻦ إﻧﺠﺎز ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺈﻣﺎﻟﺔ أﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﺻﻴﻒ‬
sloping the top of the pavement transversely by not ‫ ﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺗﺪﻓﻘﺎت اﻟﻤﻴﺎه إﻟﻰ‬%1.0 ‫ﺑﺸ ٍ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺮض ﺑﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬
less than 1.0 percent to direct the runoff to brush ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺰة ﻟﻸوﺳﺎخ وﺗﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ‬. ‫اﻟﺒﺮدورات‬
curbs and collecting the water at low points located ‫ ﻳﺠ ﺐ‬. ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﻄﺎق ﺿﻤﻦ ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت واﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
close to the lower end of the span within the fascia (‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺟﻴﺪ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺻﻔﺎﻳﺎت )ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻋﺎت‬
beams of the structure. A properly designed ‫وﻣﺰارﻳﺐ )ﻣﻮاﺳﻴﺮ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ( ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺪﻓﻘﺎت اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ‬
collection system, consisting of scuppers and ‫ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﺗﻨﺰل اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻣﻊ أﻗﺮب رﻛﻴﺰة وﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﺑﻌﻴﺪًا ﻋﻦ‬
downspouts shall be used to dispose off the runoff ‫وﺑﺎﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬ ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺻﻔﺎﻳﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬. ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬
water, with the pipes descending down the nearest ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻣﺰارﻳﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮاد‬. ‫واﻟﻌﺪد اﻟ ﻓﻲ ﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
pier and the water discharged away from the ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﻣﻊ وﺟﻮد ﻣﺼﺎﻓﻲ‬100 ‫وأﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ أﺑﻌﺎدﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬
structure. Scuppers or inlets shall be of corrosion ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ أن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻋﻠﻰ أي ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
resistant materials, of size and number that ‫ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﺳﻄﺢ‬
adequately drain the structure, shall be provided. .‫اﻷرض‬
Downspouts also made of corrosion resistant
material, not less than 100 mm in the least dimension,
and having cleanouts, shall be provided to prevent
discharge of water against any portion of the
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structure and detailed to prevent soil erosion at

ground level.
5.6.15 PIERS ‫ ر ﺋﺰ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ‬5.6.15

 Bridge piers shall be designed for expected ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ر ﺋﺰ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴ‬ 
loads from the structure, wind load, stream ‫وأﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح وﺿﻐﻂ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه واﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬
flow pressure, longitudinal forces due to ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ واﻟﺰﻻزل واﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬
traffic, earthquake, thermal forces, torsional ‫ وإﺿﺎﻓًﺔ إﻟﻰ‬.‫وﻗﻮى اﻻﻟﺘﻮاء وأي ﻗﻮى أﺧﺮى ﻗﺪ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
forces, and any additional forces that might ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬،‫ذﻟﻚ‬
act on them. Additionally, piers shall be .‫اﻟﺘﺸﻮﻫﺎت واﻟﻘﺴﺎوة اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬
designed to meet the requirements on
deformations and stiffness specified in this
manual.
 Design of piers shall be based on load factor ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ 
design method and in accordance with the ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ووﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
reinforced concrete design section of the ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق‬
AASHTO and checked for serviceability. .‫اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻣﻊ اﺧﺘﺒﺎره ﻟﻀﻤﺎن ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
 Pier Protection ‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬ 

 In order to limit damage by the redirection and ‫ﻟﺘﻔﺎدي اﻟﻀﺮر اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ إﻋﺎدة ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ واﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ 
deflection of highway traffic and equipment, ‫اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ واﻟﻤﻌﺪات ﺗﺠﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﺘﻲ‬
piers supporting bridges over highways shall ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر ﻓﻮق اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺰ أو ﺟﺪار ﻣﻘﺎوم‬
be protected by a reinforced concrete crash ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬.‫ﻟﻼﺻﻄﺪام ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬
barrier or wall. Protection of piers shall be ‫اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺤﺪد ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ‬
provided as outlined in the Standard Details, ‫ﺗﺒﻨﻲ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺮض اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮة اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻴﺔ‬
which bases protection strategy on median .(‫وﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ وﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ )ﺳﻜﻨﻴﺔ أو ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
width, roadway classification, and area
(residential or industrial).
 In general, crash walls for piers are provided ‫وﺑﺼﻮرٍة ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺟﺪران اﻻﺻﻄﺪام ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ‬ 
unless the pier has a heavy built - have a ‫اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﻴﺔ ﻋﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬
cross- sectional area equal to or greater than ‫ﺗﺴﺎوي أو أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺻﻄﺪام‬
that required for the protective crash wall and .‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب وأن ﻳﻜﻮن أﻛﺒﺮ أﺑﻌﺎدﻫﺎ ﻣﻮازﻳًﺎ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬
the larger of its dimensions is parallel to the
roadway.
o Crash walls for piers generally ‫ُﺗﺤﺪد ﺟﺪران اﻻﺻﻄﺪام ﻟﻠﺮ ﺋﺰ ﺑﺸ ٍ ﻋﺎم ﺑﺤﺪ‬ o
specified of a minimum height above ‫أدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع ﻓﻮق اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬
the top surface of the roadway and .‫وﻋﺮﺿﻪ‬
width.
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o For a pier made of two or more ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﻛﻴﺰة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻮدﻳﻦ أو‬ o
columns, the crash wall usually ‫أﻛﺜﺮ ﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﺟﺪار اﻻﺻﻄﺪام ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎدة اﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬
connects the columns and extends 300 ‫وﻳﻤﺘﺪ ﻣﻮازﻳًﺎ ﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬
parallel to the roadway at least 300 ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ‬150‫ﻣﻠﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ و‬
mm beyond the outermost columns, .‫واﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ‬
and 150mm beyond the face of the
column facing traffic.
o The crash wall could be anchored to ‫ﻳﺠﺐ إرﺳﺎء ﺟﺪار اﻻﺻﻄﺪام إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬ o
the footings and columns, if ‫ ﺑﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬،‫ن ذﻟﻚ ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ إذا‬،‫واﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬
applicable, with adequate reinforcing .‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟ ﻓﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬
steel.
5.6.16 APPROACH SLAB ‫ ﺑﻼﻃﺎت اﻻﻗﺘﺮاب‬5.6.16

Transition approach slabs behind abutments shall be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺑﻼﻃﺎت اﻗﺘﺮاب اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺧﻠﻒ أﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺿﺪ‬
provided to guard against susceptibility of backfill soil ‫اﻟﻬﺒﻮط اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﻟﻤﻮاد ﺗﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺮدم وﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﺤﻮل‬
material to settlement and smooth the transition for ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺴﺎوة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ واﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﻣﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﻳﺤﺪث ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
the ride as it changes from a rigid to a flexible and vice ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ أﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬.‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ واﻟﺮدﻣﻴﺔ‬
versa, such as between a concrete superstructure ‫ﺑﻼﻃﺎت اﻗﺘﺮاب ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ وﺗﺴﻠﻴﺤﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﻤﺎ ت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
and an embankment. In the case of bridge abutments, .‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﻒ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
a subsurface approach slab shall be adequately
designed and reinforced with a varying thickness over
a distance away from the abutment.
5.6.17 FILL MATERIAL ‫ ﻣﺎدة اﻟﺮدم‬5.6.17

The following values shall be used to estimate lateral ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ‬
soil pressure, unless instructed otherwise by the :‫ﻳﻮِص ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ ﺑﺨﻼف ذﻟﻚ‬
Geotechnical Design Report:
 Weight of Fill Material : 1,900 kg/m3 ٣‫م‬/‫ ﻛﻐﻢ‬1,900 : ‫وزن ﻣﺎدة اﻟﺮدم‬ 
 Angle of Internal Friction : 30degree ‫ درﺟﺔ‬30 :‫زاوﻳﺔ اﻻﺣﺘ ك اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬ 
5.6.18 HIGHWAY SURCHARGE ‫ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬5.6.18

Surcharge load on earth retaining structures due to ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرض اﻟﺴﺎﻧﺪة ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬
truck traffic shall be determined based on MOT ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﺸﺎﺣﻨﺎت ﺑﻨﺎءًﻋﻠﻰ أﺣﻤﺎل وزارة اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬
loading, and total surcharge load on the structures ‫ﺗﻠﻚ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫إﺟﻤﺎل اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
shall also include that contributed by adjacent ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت واﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
foundations and structures. Highway surcharge load ‫ﻟﻠﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺮورﻳﺔ ﻛﻤ ﻓﺊ ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل‬
due to traffic shall be calculated as an equivalent .‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬600 ‫اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺸﺒﻊ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬
surcharge load due 600 mm soil overfill.
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 Abutments shall be designed to support loads ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ أﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ‬ 
applied by the bridge superstructure and ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﻟﻠﺠﺴﺮ وﺗﺘﺤﻤﻞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻔﻈﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
sustain those exerted by the retained earth of / ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ ﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻗﺘﺮاب اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ‬
the highway/roadway approach immediately .‫اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻤﻼﺻﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﺮ‬
adjacent to the bridge.
 A/E shall pay special attention to abutment ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ اﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣًﺎ‬/‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻮﻟﻲ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬ 
behavior and design of elements when the ‫ﺧﺎﺻًﺎ ﻟﺴﻠﻮك أﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ وﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬
abutment is analyzed as part of 3-D model ‫اﻷﻛﺘﺎف ﻛﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذج ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﻤﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﺠﺪران‬
including the wingwalls. In such cases, ‫ وﻓﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻻت ﻻ ﺗﺼﻠﺢ ﻃﺮق اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬.‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬
traditional analysis and design methods of the .‫واﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﻛﺘﺎف‬
abutment are no longer valid.
 Design of bridge abutments shall be such that ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ أﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﻘﻊ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬ 
the resultant of all loads acting on the ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺘﻒ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﺜﻠﺚ اﻷوﺳﻂ ﻣﻦ‬
abutment is located within the middle one .‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﻘﺮار اﻟﻜﺘﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺨﺮ أو ر ﺋﺰ‬
third of the footing, when the abutment is not .1.7 ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ أﻣﺎن ﺿﺪ اﻻﻧﻘﻼب ﻳﺴﺎوي‬
resting on rock or piles. A factor of safety ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﻤﺤّﻤﻠﺔ ﺻﺨﺮ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
against overturning of 1.7 shall be used. For ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﻨﺼﻒ اﻟﻸوﺳﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة ﻣﻊ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
abutments bearing on rock, the resultant may .‫ ﻋﻨﺪ أﺳﺎس اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬2.0 ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ أﻣﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﺰﻻق ﻳﺴﺎوي‬
be located within the middle one half of the
footing, and a factor of safety against sliding
of 2.0 at the base of the footing shall then be
used.
 Piled integral abutments shall be supported on .‫دﻋﻢ اﻷﻛﺘﺎف ذات اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻒ واﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬ 
a single row of piles.
 Abutments supporting multiple span ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 
structures shall have the stem and wingwalls ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺳﺎﻗًﺎ وﺟﺪران ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
designed to rest upon a continuous footing ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮة ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن إﻣﺎ ﺗﺮاﺑﻴﺔ أو‬
that can be either soil or pile supported. .‫ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪة إﻟﻰ ر ﺋﺰ‬
 Appropriate provisions for drainage shall be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎت اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻬﺔ‬ 
provided at the back of abutments, for back fill ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ أﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻮاد اﻟﺮدم‬
materials to be analyzed using its dry fill .‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ وﻫﻲ ﺟﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷﻛﺘﺎف‬
properties in the design of the abutment.
 Abutments shall be designed based on load ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷﻛﺘﺎف ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 
factor design method and checked for .‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻣﻊ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
serviceability.
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5.6.20 RETAINING WALLS ‫ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ‬5.6.20

 Design of reinforced concrete retaining walls ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ 
shall be based on the lateral earth pressure ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻷرض اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ واﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬
and surcharge load calculated based on ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ‬
standard methods and shall meet acceptable ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ‬.‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ واﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎرف ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
design and stability requirements. A retaining ‫ﻣﻼﺋﻢ ﻟﻀﻤﺎن ﻋﺪم‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪار اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدي ﺑﺸ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴ‬
wall structure shall be properly designed to ‫ﻓﺸﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﻘﻼب أو اﻻﻧﺰﻻق أو اﻟﻬﺒﻮط اﻟﻤﻔﺮط أو ﺿﻐﻂ‬
ensure that it will not fail by overturning, ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻔﺮط أو ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬
sliding, excessive settlement, excessive ‫اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟ ﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻷرض واﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬
bearing pressures, or overloading of piles, and .‫واﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
shall possess adequate strength to resist
applied earth pressure, live load, and
surcharge load.
 The passive earth pressure of the soil in ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﻧﻊ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻼﻣﺴﺔ ﻣﻊ‬ 
contact with the face of the retaining wall shall ‫واﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﺠﺪار اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدي ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات أﻋﻤﺎل‬
consider the effects of unplanned and ‫اﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺔ وﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت‬
planned excavation works, such as installation ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪة وﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ وذﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺴﺎب‬
of new services and maintenance of existing ‫ وﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬.‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮار اﻟﺠﺪار‬
services when calculating wall stability. Unless ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺠﺎﻫﻞ ﺿﻐﻂ‬،‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼف ذﻟﻚ‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
otherwise approved by GDMP/ Amanat, the ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ‬.‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﻧﻊ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺠﺪار ﻟﻼﻧﺰﻻق‬
passive earth pressure shall be neglected ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺠﺪران اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻻرﺗﻔﺎع ﻻ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‬
when computing the wall resistance against ‫ أﻣﺘﺎر ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ُﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺠﺪران اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ ذات‬9 ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
sliding. Cantilever retaining walls shall be used .‫ أﻣﺘﺎر‬9 ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬
for a maximum height of 9 m, and counterfort
walls shall be used for structures in excess of
9 m in height.
 Use of cantilevered sheet pile retaining walls ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺠﺪران اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ ذات‬ 
shall be limited to temporary construction ‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺤﻴﺔ اﻟ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬
work. These walls are generally efficient for ‫ وﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻓﻌﺎًﻻ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺘﻲ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬
wall height in the range 2-5 m. For temporary ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻷﻋﻤﺎل‬.‫ أﻣﺘﺎر‬5 ‫ إﻟﻰ‬2 ‫ﻳﺘﺮاوح ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
construction when wall heights is in excess of ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺔ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﺗﺠﺎوز ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ‬
5 m, tied back sheet pile and tied back soldier ‫أﻣﺘﺎر ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ واﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬
pile or lagging can be used. .‫اﻟﻤﺪّﻋﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ أو اﻷﻟﻮاح اﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ‬
 Mechanically Stabilized Retaining shall be ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﻤﻌﺰز ﻣﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻴًﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻼﺋﻢ‬ 
used, as appropriate, as alternate systems to .‫ﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺑﺪﻳﻠﺔ ﻟﻸﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺪران اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ‬
traditional retaining walls.
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5.6.21 WINGWALLS ‫ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬5.6.21

 Wingwalls, retaining wall structures adjacent ‫اﻟﺠﺪران اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ‬ ‫ ﻫﻴﺎ‬،‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬ 
or abutting a bridge abutment, shall be ‫ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬،‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺠﺎور أو ﺗﻼﺻﻖ ﻛﺘﻒ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
designed based on the stipulation in the ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻟﻠﺠﺪران اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ وﻟﻸﻧﻮاع واﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬
previous section for retaining walls, and for the ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻘﺘﺼﺮ اﻟﺠﺪران‬.‫اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
types and requirements included in this ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻧﻮاع‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
section. Wingwalls used in the transportation ‫ اﻟﺠﺪران‬،‫ﺣﺪوة‬ ‫ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺷ‬:‫اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
structures shall be limited to the three types: .‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﻣﺠﺔ واﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻷﻃﺮاف‬
U-wing walls, in-line wingwalls, and flared ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻧﻮع اﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﺮوف اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﻤﺎ‬
wingwalls. Selection of a wingwall type is .‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻘﻴﻮد اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻘﺮﺿﻬﺎ اﻟﺨﻠﻮص وﺣﻖ اﻟﻤﺮور‬
dictated by the conditions at the site, including
clearance and right of way constraints.
 Wingwall foundation shall match the abutment ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ أﺳﺎس اﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ 
foundation requirements (pile-supported ‫أﺳﺎس أﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ )اﻷﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ ر ﺋﺰ ﻳﺠﺐ‬
abutments shall have pile-supported wing ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‬،‫أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻟﻬﺎ ﺟﺪران ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ ر ﺋﺰ‬
walls, for example, except when MSE wall is ‫ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﻤﺪّﻋﻤﺔ‬،‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
used in combination with a piled abutment). .(‫ﻣﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻴًﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻛﺘﻒ ﻣﺪﻋﻢ ﺑﺮﻛﻴﺰة‬
 The elevation of the top of the wingwall shall ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬250 ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻗﻤﺔ اﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬ 
be 250 mm higher than the fill level and be .‫ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺮدم ﻣﻊ إﻳﺮاده ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎت‬
shown on the plans.
 For integral abutments, in-line wingwalls ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻷﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ اﻟﻤﻜﻤﻠﺔ ﻳﻔﻀﻞ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎت‬ 
cantilevered from the abutment are the .‫اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﻣﺠﺔ اﻟ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﻒ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
preferred arrangement. Flared wingwalls ‫وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أﻳﻀًﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺴﻌﺔ اﻷﻃﺮاف‬
cantilevered from the abutment may also be ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪة‬ ‫اﻟ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎس‬
used on a case by case basis, especially at ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻًﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻌﺎت ﻣﺠﺎري اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ اﺗﺠﺎه‬
stream crossings where the alignment and .‫وﺳﺮﻋﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻧﺤﺮ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﻤﺪﻣﺠﺔ‬
velocity of the stream increase risk of in-line
walls to scour.
5.6.22 CUT AND COVER TUNNEL STRUCTURES ‫أﻧﻔﺎق اﻟﻘﻄﻊ واﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﻫﻴﺎ‬5.6.22
 The transportation tunnel structures ‫أﻧﻔﺎق اﻟﻘﻄﻊ واﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 
constructed by cut and cover methods shall ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺻﻨﺪوﻗﻴﺔ ﺳﺎﻧﺪة ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻛﻬﻴﺎ‬
be designed as reinforced concrete box-type ‫ إﺿﺎﻓًﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻮزن‬.‫وﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻀﻮع‬
earth-retaining structures which are not free ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﻮزن اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
to yield significantly. In addition to the weight ‫وزن اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺪﻋﻤﻬﺎ اﻟﻬﻴ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟ ﻬﻴﺎ‬
of the basic structure, dead load for these ‫وﺣﻤﻞ ﺟﺎذﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻐﻄﺎء اﻟﺘﺮاﺑﻲ اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴ‬
structures shall include weight of secondary .‫اﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬
elements supported by the structure and the
earth cover gravity load acting on the roof
structure.
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 Cut and cover tunnel structures are generally 12 ‫أﻧﻔﺎق اﻟﻘﻄﻊ واﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﻣًﺎ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 
less than 12 meters deep below grade, and ‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﻋﻤﻘًﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى وُﺗﻨﺸﺄ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎت‬
constructed using open excavation, with ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺗﺪﻋﻴﻢ ﻣﺆﻗﺖ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎت أﺛﻨﺎء‬
temporary support of the excavation during ‫اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﻳﺔ أو اﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ ُﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬.‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬
construction operations. Round or horseshoe ‫ﺣﺪوة ﻏﺎﻟﺒًﺎ ﻟﻜﻔﺎءﺗﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أﻳﻀًﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﺷ‬
shaped structures are often used for .‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻄﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
efficiency, and rectangular configuration may
also be utilized.
 The following loading scenarios for structures ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺐ دراﺳﺔ ﺳﻴﻨﺎرﻳﻮﻫﺎت اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
shall be investigated at working stress levels, ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت إﺟﻬﺎد اﻟّﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ دراﺳﺔ ﺳﻴﻨﺎرﻳﻮﻫﺎت‬
and additional loading scenarios shall be ‫ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻀﺮورة ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻲ‬
investigated as deemed necessary based on ‫ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬:(‫وﻇﺮوف اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ )اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ واﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺪاﺋﻤﺔ‬
the specific site and loading conditions ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ وﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ اﻷﻣﺪ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ؛ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‬
(construction and permanent loads): Vertical ‫اﻷﻣﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ واﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻗﺼﻴﺮة اﻷﺟﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻵﺧﺮ‬
and long-term horizontal loads; vertical long .‫وﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰاﻣﻦ‬
term on one side and short term horizontal
load on the other side applied simultaneously.
 For structures subjected to unequal lateral ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
pressure, analysis for axial, shear, and moment ‫ﻣﺘﺴﺎوي ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻀﻊ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻟﻤﺤﺎور وﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات‬
effects shall consider the top slab as being ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل واﻟﻌﺰم ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻬﺎ‬
both restrained and unrestrained against ‫ﻣﻘﻴﺪة أو ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﻴﺪة ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﻌﺰم اﻷﻓﻘﻲ واﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
horizontal translation; and vertical load and ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ واﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻗﺼﻴﺮة اﻷﻣﺪ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺠﺎﻫﻞ ﺿﻐﻂ‬
short-term horizontal load, neglecting ground ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ أﻧﻔﺎق‬.‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﻦ‬
water pressure on both sides. Cut and cover ‫اﻟﻘﻄﻊ واﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟ ﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬
tunnels shall also be designed for hydrostatic ‫اﻟﻄﻔﻮ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ر ﺋﺰ‬/‫ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬
pressures, including uplift/flotation and .‫ اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬/‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻗﻮى اﻟﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬
provision of piles to resist uplift and/or
drainage measures.
 The analysis shall consider variations in the ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻨﺎت اﻟﻘﺴﺎوة‬ 
stiffness and elastic properties of the ‫ أﻣﺎ ﻗﻮى اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬.‫وﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻣﺮوﻧﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ‬
supporting subgrade soil. Compression ‫ﻓﻼ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻟﻠﺒﻼﻃﺔ‬
forces shall not be considered in the shear .‫اﻟﻔﻮﻗﻴﺔ واﻟﺮاﺳﻢ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬
design of the top slab and invert.
 Ventilation shaft structures shall be designed ‫ﻣﻬﺎوي اﻟﺘﻬﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺻﻮرة ﻫﻴﺎ‬ ‫وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 
similar to cut and cover structures and ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻄﻊ واﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ وﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻃﺮق اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬
installed utilizing similar construction ‫اﻟﻤﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ دﻋﻢ اﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎت ﺑﺮ ﺋﺰ داﻋﻤﺔ أو ر ﺋﺰ‬
methods requiring support of excavation with .‫ﺻﻔﺎﺋﺤﻴﺔ‬
soldier piles or sheet piles.
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5.6.23 RETAINING WALL DRAINAGE ‫ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ‬5.6.23

 The fill material behind abutments, wingwalls, ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺟﻴﺪ ﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺮدم ﺧﻠﻒ أﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ 
and retaining walls shall be effectively drained ‫واﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ واﻟﺠﺪران اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﺘﺤﺎت‬
using weep holes placed at a maximum ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬.‫ أﻣﺘﺎر‬8 ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
spacing of 8 m. The water behind the wall may ‫ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﺧﻠﻒ اﻟﺠﺪار ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﺑﺔ‬
be collected using a filtering system of ‫ﺧﺸﻨﺔ ﻣﺪّرﺟﺔ ﻣﻊ أوﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎه ﺧﻠﻒ اﻟﺠﺪار ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ‬
coarsely-graded soil with water receptors ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻟﻠﺠﺪران اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ ذات‬.‫ﻓﺘﺤﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ‬
behind the wall at the weep hole locations. ‫اﻷﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ واﺣﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ ﻟ‬
Counterfort retaining walls shall have at least ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ ﻓﺘﺤﺎت‬.‫ﺟﻴﺐ ﻳﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺘﻒ ﺧﻠﻔﻲ‬
one weep hole for each pocket formed by the 150 ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺮاﺳﻢ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
counterforts. Location of weep holes shall be ‫ﻣﻠﻢ ﻓﻮق اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﺸﻄﺐ أو اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
established such that their invert is at 150 mm ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻮاد اﻟﺮدم‬.‫ﺟﺴﻮر ﻣﺠﺎري اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬
above finished grade or low water in the case ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ ﺑﺄﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ أو ﻣﺼﺎرف ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺤﺺ أو ﻣﺼﺎرف‬
of stream bridges. Back-fill material may also .‫ﻣﺜﻘﺒﺔ‬
be drained by means of pipe drains or gravel
drains, or by perforated drains.
5.6.24 WATERPROOFING OF STRUCTURES ‫ اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬5.6.24

 Waterproofing of the structures shall be based ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎت اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
on the recommendations of the corrosion . ‫( اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺿﺪ اﻟﺘﺂ‬7) ‫اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ رﻗﻢ‬
protection subsection 7.
 Waterproofing methods, details, and ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺘﻘﻴﺪ ﻃﺮق اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻲ وﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ 
application on structural members shall follow ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬
standard specifications and details. .‫واﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
5.6.25 FOUNDATION ‫ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬5.6.25

 Geological and geotechnical investigation at ‫ﻳﺠﺐ إﺟﺮاء اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺠﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ واﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬ 
the bridge site shall be performed to provide ‫اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ وﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬
the soil parameters and soil stratification ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﻨﺎًء‬.‫ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬
information for foundation design. Soil ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮق اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ واﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻤﻴﺪاﻧﻴﺔ‬
parameters shall be determined based on ‫ ﺗﺠﺐ دراﺳﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ وﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬.‫اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎرف ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
recognized standard laboratory testing ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
methods and field testing. The soil parameters ‫إﻟﻰ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت وﺣﺪود ﺗﺸﻮه اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت وﻗﻴﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬
and stratification information shall be .‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ أﻧﺴﺐ أﻧﻮاع اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
investigated for the expected load effects
transmitted to the foundation from the
structure, foundation deformation limits, and
site restrictions to determine the most
suitable foundation type for the bridge site.
227
 Shallow foundations shall be spread or ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻀﺤﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ 
combined footing type, on treated or ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺸﺮة أو ذات اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ أو‬
untreated soil to improve soil properties. Deep ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن‬.‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬
foundation shall be of driven piles, cast in ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع ر ﺋﺰ اﻟﺪق أو اﻟﻤﻬﺎوي‬
place drill shafts, or any other type of ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮرة اﻟﻤﺼﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ أو أي ﻧﻮع آﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
foundation involving piles. .‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ر ﺋﺰ‬
 Footings and piles shall be designed to keep ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ واﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻗﺼﻰ ﺣﺪ‬ 
maximum soil stresses within allowable limits. ‫ وﻟﻤﻨﻊ‬.‫ﻣﻦ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻬﺎ‬
To prevent uneven settlement, the footings ‫ﺣﺪوث اﻟﻬﺒﻮط ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬
shall be designed such as to maintain uniform ‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﺴﺎوﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
stresses in the soil and on piles. .‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬
 Long-term differential settlement between ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻦ اﻟﻬﺒﻮط ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺪى اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ 
adjacent piers on any transportation ‫ ﻣﻦ إﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬2750/1 ‫ﻧﻘﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎورة ﻓﻲ أي ﻫﻴ‬
structures shall not exceed 1/2750 of the sum ‫أﻃﻮال اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎورة أو أي ﺣﺪود أﺧﺮى ﺗﻀﻌﻬﺎ‬
of the adjacent spans lengths or any other ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬/‫اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
limit set by the GDMP/ Amanat based on the .‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
results of the site geotechnical investigation.
 Design of foundations, including spread ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ 
footings, drilled shafts, and driven piles shall ‫اﻟﻤﻤﺘﺪة واﻟﻤﻬﺎوي اﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮرة ور ﺋﺰ اﻟﺪق ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
be based on service load method. .‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
 Pile shall be used for foundation at any ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ ﻟﻸﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﻓﻲ أي ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 
structures site where scour risk is identified. .‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺧﻄﺮ اﻟﻨﺤﺮ‬
 Pile foundations supporting fixed columns ،‫ﺗﺠﺐ إﻣﺎﻟﺔ أﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬ 
shall be battered, if necessary, to provide ‫ﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻮى اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬،‫إذا ﻟﺰم‬
adequate resistance for longitudinal forces on . ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬
the structure.
5.6.26 LOAD COMBINATIONS ‫ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬5.6.26

 Service Load Design: :‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ 
o The various groups representing all ‫ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬ o
the various combinations of loads and ‫اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
forces to which a structure may be ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬
subjected are included in the AASHTO ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻼت اﻟﻤﺘﺒﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل واﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺘﻲ‬
Standard Specifications. ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬. ‫ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
Components of the structure and ‫واﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻬﻴ‬
foundation shall be proportioned for ‫ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﺞ‬
the applicable loads and group of .‫أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺣﺮﺟًﺎ‬
loads that produce the most critical
design condition.
228
o Service load design shall be based on ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ o
the groups in the AASHTO, and the ‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬
allowable overstress limits shown in ‫اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
the table (allowable percentage of ‫وﺣﺪود اﻹﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﻤﻔﺮط اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬
basic unit stress is referred to as ‫اﻟﺠﺪول )ُﺗﻌﺮف اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺌﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻬﺎ‬
"Allowable overstress"). ‫ﻹﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ "اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬
.("‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮط اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻪ‬
 Load Factor Design: :‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬ 

o The loading group combinations for ‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ‬ o
Load Factor Design are included in the ‫اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
AASHTO Standard Specifications. ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼت ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
The factors are only intended for ‫ ﺗﻬﺪف اﻟُﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﻓﻘﻂ إﻟﻰ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬.‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
designing structural members based ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
on the load factor method. .‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
o When designing for foundations (soil ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺪم زﻳﺎدة اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت‬ o
pressure, pile loads, etc.), the actual ‫اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺪول ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬
loads shall not be increased by the ‫ وﻻ ﺗﻬﺪف‬.(‫)ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ وأﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
factors in the table. The factors are ‫ﻫﺬه اﻟُﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت إﻟﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻨﺪ ﻓﺤﺺ‬
not intended to be used when ‫اﺳﺘﻘﺮار اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت )ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻷﻣﺎن ﻣﻦ‬
checking for foundation stability ‫ وﺗﻤﺜﻞ‬. ‫اﻻﻧﻘﻼب واﻹﻧﺰﻻق وﻏﻴﺮه( ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
(safety factors against overturning, ‫اﻟُﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ‬
sliding, etc.) of a structure. The factors ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﺛﺒﻮت اﺧﺘﻼف ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ‬،‫وﺗﺠﺐ زﻳﺎدﺗﻬﺎ‬
in the code represent usual conditions ‫ﺗﻮﻗﻊ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
and should be increased, if it is judged .‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬
that predictability of loads is different
than that anticipated by the
specifications.
5.6.27 TEMPORARY STRUCTURES ‫اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬ ‫ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬5.6.27

Temporary structures, including false work, and ‫اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ وأﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
shoring systems consisting of cantilevered sheet ‫اﻟﺘﺪﻋﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﺼﻔﺎﺋﺤﻴﺔ اﻟ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺔ واﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت‬
piling, anchored sheet piles, cantilevered and ‫اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ اﻟ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ واﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ واﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬
anchored soldier beams with lagging, braced ‫واﻟﺴﺪود اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪﻫﺎ وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬
excavation, and cofferdams, shall be designed and .‫اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬
constructed in accordance with AASHTO
requirements for temporary structures.
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5.7 AESTHETICS ‫ اﻟﻨﻮاﺣﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬5.7

Bridges have more than just transportation functions. ‫ ﻓﺒﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬.‫ﺗﺆدي اﻟﺠﺴﻮر وﻇﻴﻔًﺔ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬
They also function socially, visually and symbolically ‫ﻣﻬﻤﺘﻬﺎ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺗﺆدي اﻟﺠﺴﻮر ﻣﻬﺎم اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
as significant elements in their communities and ‫وﺑﺼﺮﻳﺔ ورﻣﺰﻳﺔ ﻛﻌﻨﺼﺮ أﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎت واﻟﺒﻴﺌﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ‬
environments. Every project will be different and will ‫ﻣﺸﺮوع‬ ‫ وﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻟ‬.‫ﺗﻘﻮم ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
possess its own unique characteristics. Nevertheless, ‫ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺧﻄﻮات‬،‫ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫ﺳﻤﺎﺗﻪ اﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪة اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻪ‬
there will be some commonality in the steps that ‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻨﻔﺬﻫﺎ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳﻮن ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﻮاﺣﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
engineers may apply in considering aesthetic bridge ‫ وﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ اّﺗﺒﺎع ﻫﺬه اﻟﺨﻄﻮات ﻓﻲ ﺿﻤﺎن‬.‫ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر‬
design. Following these steps will help ensure a ‫ﻧﺠﺎح اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺼﺪر ﻓﺨﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﻟﻚ واﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻘﻮم‬
successful bridge that its owner and community will ‫ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺴﻤﺎت اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬.‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬
be proud of. Basic aesthetic features of bridge .‫اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
elements are included in this section.
5.7.2 INCORPORATION ‫ اﻟﺘﻀﻤﻴﻦ‬5.7.2

Incorporated aesthetics in the design process from ‫اﻟﻨﻮاﺣﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻀﻤﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬
the early preliminary design stages and shall be ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻤﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬
submitted to the GDMP/ Amanat for review and .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ واﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
approval.
5.7.3 AESTHETIC DESIGN ‫ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ‬5.7.3

As detailed on AASHTO BAS-1, the following steps ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺗﺒﺎع‬AASHTO BAS-1 ‫ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ‬
shall be executed in the Aesthetic Design of Bridges: :‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻮر‬
 Site Goals. .‫أﻫﺪاف اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ 
 Develop a Design Vision. .‫رؤﻳﺔ إﻋﺪاد اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 
 Engineering Study. .‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ 
5.7.4 REFERENCES ‫ اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ‬5.7.4

 AASHTO BAS-1 Bridge Aesthetics Source ،‫ اﻟﻜﺘﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﻲ ﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﻮر‬AASHTO BAS-1 
Book, 1st Edition. .‫اﻹﺻﺪار اﻷول‬
 AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. .‫ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر‬AASHTO LRFD 
5.7.5 DESIGN GUIDELINES ‫ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬5.7.5

5.7.5.1 HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL GEOMETRY ‫ اﻟﻨﻮاﺣﻲ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ واﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ‬5.7.5.1
Before there is a concept for a bridge, the roadway ‫ﻗﺒﻞ إﻋﺪاد اﻹﻃﺎر اﻟﻨﻈﺮي ﻟﻠﺠﺴﺮ ُﺗﺤﺪد اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬
geometry creates a ribbon in space that can be either ‫ وﺗﺤﺪد‬.‫ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺟﺎذﺑًﺎ ﻹﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﺠﺴﺮ أو ﻻ‬
attractive or unattractive. The geometry establishes ‫واﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺘﺨﻀﻊ ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮاﺣﻲ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
the basic lines of the structure, to which all else must ‫ وﺗﺴﻌﻰ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﺮﺷﻴﻘﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻧﺠﺎح‬. ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
react. A graceful geometry will go a long way toward ‫اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻘﺪة أو اﻟﻤﻠﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﺻﻌﺒﺔ‬
fostering a successful bridge, while an awkward or .‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬
kinked geometry will be difficult to overcome.
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5.7.5.2 SUPERSTRUCTURE TYPE ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ ﻧﻮع اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬5.7.5.2

 The superstructure type defines the structural ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪد ﻧﻮع اﻟﻬﻴ‬ 
system used to support the bridge self-weight .‫ﻟﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﻮزن اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﺮ واﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
and applied loads. It may be an arch, girder, ‫ﻗﻮس أو ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺷ‬ ‫وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
rigid frame, truss or cable-supported type .‫ﻣﺪﻋﻢ ﺑ ﺑﻼت‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮة أو إﻃﺎر ﺻﻠﺐ أو ﺟﻤﻠﻮن أو ﻫﻴ‬
structure. The most memorable aspect of the ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫وُﻳﺤﺪد أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ أﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
structure is determined when the overall .‫اﻟﻌﺎم ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸ‬
shape of the structural members is
established.
 Multiple girder systems such as steel plate or ‫وﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر‬ 
box girders, prestressed concrete girders and ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪدة ﻣﺜﻞ أﻟﻮاح‬
concrete box girders are common structural ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ أو اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة اﻟﺼﻨﺪوﻗﻴﺔ وﻋﺎرﺿﺎت‬
systems for everyday bridges. ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫وﻋﺎرﺿﺎت‬ ‫اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
.‫اﻟﺼﻨﺪوﻗﻴﺔ‬
 Arches or rigid frames are occasionally used ‫وُﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻷﻗﻮاس أو اﻹﻃﺎرات اﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ أﺣﻴﺎﻧًﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت‬ 
in situations where visual features, atypical ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻜﻮن اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻼءﻣًﺔ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻤﺎت‬
site conditions or project requirements make .‫اﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ وﻇﺮوف اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ أو ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
their use appropriate.
 Cable-supported bridges are often used in ‫أﻣﺎ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر اﻟﻤﺪﻋﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟ ﺑﻼت ﻓُﺘﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ‬ 
special situations where visual impact is ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻت ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻷﺛﺮ اﻟﺒﺼﺮي ﻋﺎﻟﻲ اﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬
important or where site conditions require .‫أو ﺣﻴﻦ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻇﺮوف اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺣﻠﻮل ذات ﻧﻄﺎق ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‬
long span solution.
5.7.5.3 ABUTMENT PLACEMENT AND HEIGHT ‫ وﺿﻊ وارﺗﻔﺎع أﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬5.7.5.3

 Abutment placement and height determine ‫ُﻳﺤﺪد وﺿﻊ وارﺗﻔﺎع ﻛﺘﻒ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ وﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬ 
how a bridge begins and ends and, for shorter . ‫اﻟﺠﺴﺮ وﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻮر اﻷﻗﺼﺮ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺄﻃﻴﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
bridges, how the structure is framed. The ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺔ اﻟﻨﻄﺎق اﻷﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪد وﺿﻊ ﻛﺘﻒ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺷ‬
abutment placement also establishes the ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻬﺎ أﺛﺮ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ رؤﻳﺘﻪ ﺧﻠﻒ‬
shape of the end-span opening, which may ‫ﻣﻊ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت‬ ‫وﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻧﺪﻣﺎج اﻟﻬﻴ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬
have a significant influence on what can be .‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة ﻟﻪ‬
seen beyond the structure and how well the
structure relates to adjoining uses.
 An abutment is where a bridge touches the ‫ُﻳﻌﺮف ﻛﺘﻒ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻪ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺬي ﻳﻼﻣﺲ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ 
ground and the transparency of the structure ‫إﻟﻰ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺠﺪران‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺴﺮ اﻷرض وﺷﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻟﻬﻴ‬
transition to the mass of the surrounding walls ‫ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن‬.‫أو اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔ‬
or topography. Abutments may have an ‫ﻷﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ وﻇﻴﻔﺔ رﻣﺰﻳﺔ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط‬
important symbolic function, as these are the .‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺒﺪأ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ اﻟﻤﺘﻨﻘﻠﻮن رﺣﻠﺘﻬﻢ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ وﻳﻨﻬﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬
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points where travelers begin and end their ‫وﺗﻜﺘﺴﺐ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ أﻫﻤﻴًﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
passage over a bridge. This is particularly true ‫ وﺗﺆﻃﺮ أﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ أو‬.‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎة ﻟﻠﺠﺴﺮ‬
when pedestrian traffic crosses a bridge. ‫ﻣﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﻳﺤﺪد إﻃﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﺮ اﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺧﻠﻒ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻣًﺎ‬
Abutments frame the landscape or cityscape ‫ واﻋﺘﻤﺎدًا ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫اﻟﺼﻮرة ﻣﺸﻬﺪ اﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻀﻤﻬﺎ‬
behind the bridge much like a picture frame ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻮص اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ وﻋﺮض اﻟﻬﻴ‬
defines the view of the picture it encloses. .‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺎت ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﺷﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﻈﻼم ﺣﺘﻰ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻬﺎر‬
Depending on the under clearance and ‫وﻗﺪ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ اﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﻦ أو اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬
superstructure width, spaces under bridges .‫ﻧﻮع أﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
may be very dark even during daytime.
Security or maintenance considerations may
influence abutment type selection.
 Stub-type or flow-through end bent ‫ﺗﻜﻮن اﻻﻛﺘﺎف ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع ذي اﻟﻨﺘﻮءات أو اﻟﻤﻨﺴﺎﺑﺔ ﻧﺤﻮ‬ 
abutments are located at the top of an ‫اﻹﻧﺤﻨﺎءة اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻋﻠﻰ ردﻣﻴﺔ اﻻﻗﺘﺮاب أو اﻟﻤﻴﻞ‬
approach embankment or at the top of a cut ‫ أﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺎت‬.‫اﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮص‬
slope. From a visual perspective, the spaces ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة ﻟﻠﻜﺘﻒ ذي اﻟﻨﺘﻮءات ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺷ‬
adjacent to stub abutments are often slivers ‫ وﻗﺪ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻫﺬا‬.‫ﻗﺸﺮة داﻛﻨﺔ وﺑﻌﻴﺪة ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬
that are dark and distant to the observer. This ‫اﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﺮﻏﻮﺑًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺪ ﻻ ﺗﺤﺒﺬ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬
may not be desirable on bridges where ‫اﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ وﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺗﺮك ﻓﺮاﻏﺎت ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ رؤﻳﺘﻬﺎ‬
security or maintenance considerations may .‫ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟُﺒﻌﺪ‬
discourage the creation of spaces that are not
easily viewed from a distance.
 Mid-height abutments are typically located ‫ﺗﻘﻊ اﻷﻛﺘﺎف ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎدة ﺿﻤﻦ ﺣﺪود‬ 
within the limits of the side slopes and have a ‫اﻟﻤﻴﻼﻧﺎت اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ وﻟﻬﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ رأﺳﻲ ﻳﺸ ّ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬
vertical surface whose height is a significant ‫ وﻗﺪ ﻳﺆﻃﺮ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ‬.‫ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ اﻟ ﻴﺔ‬
percentage of the overall bridge opening. This ‫اﻷﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﻤﻨﻈﺮ ﺧﻠﻒ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﺑﺸ ٍ أﻓﻀﻞ وﻳﻜﻮن أﻛﺜﺮ‬
abutment type may better frame the view ‫ﻣﻼءﻣًﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬
beyond the bridge and be more suitable for .‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر ﻓﻲ ﺷﻮارع اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﻬﻴﺔ‬
use on bridges in close proximity to the public,
such as over recreational trails.
 Full-height abutments extend from the ground ‫ﻣﻠﺔ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﻦ ﺧﻂ اﻷرض وﺣﺘﻰ ﻗﺎع‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺘﺪ اﻷﻛﺘﺎف‬ 
line to the bottom of the superstructure. They ‫ وﺗﻜﻮن ﻫﺬه اﻷﻛﺘﺎف أﺿﺨﻢ ﻣﻦ أﻧﻮاع‬.‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬
are typically more massive than other .‫اﻷﻛﺘﺎف اﻷﺧﺮى وﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪًا واﺿﺤًﺎ ﻷﻃﺮاف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
abutment types and often create a very strong ‫وﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﻼﺋﻤًﺎ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻮر اﻟﺒﻮاﺑﻴﺔ أو‬
definition of the bridge ends. This may be ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﺄﻃﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻈﺮ اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻴﺔ ذا أﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬
desirable for gateway bridges or for locations ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن أﻳﻀًﺎ أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮاﺣﻲ اﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ‬.‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬
where framing the view of the background is .‫ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺤﻀﺮﻳﺔ‬
important. They may also provide for improved
security beneath urban bridges.
232
5.7.5.4 SUPERSTRUCTURE SHAPE (INCLUDING ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي )ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﻨﺎت واﻷﺟﺰاء‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬ ‫ ﺷ‬5.7.5.4
PARAPETS, OVERHANGS AND RAILINGS) (‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻘﺔ واﻟﺪراﺑﺰﻳﻨﺎت‬
 The superstructure shape establishes the ‫ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪد ﺷ‬ 
form of the structural members, including ‫واﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﻨﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﺰاء‬
deck overhangs, parapets and rails. The ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﻬﻴ‬.‫واﻟﺪراﺑﺰﻳﻨﺎت‬
superstructure may be shaped to respond to ‫ﻟﻠﻘﻮى اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺗﺤﺪد أﺷ ل ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬
the forces on it, and the shapes of these . ‫واﻟﻈﻼل اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ اﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﻮﻫﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
elements and the shadows they cast
determine the intrinsic interest of the
structure.
5.7.5.5 PIER SHAPE ‫اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬ ‫ ﺷ‬5.7.5.5

 The pier shape defines the form and details of ‫ وﻣﻦ اﺗﺠﺎﻫﺎت‬.‫اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ ﻧﻤﻂ وﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪد ﺷ‬ 
the piers. From many viewpoints, particularly ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴ‬،‫ ﺧﺼﻮﺻًﺎ ﺑﺰواﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺟﺔ‬،‫رؤﻳﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
at oblique angles to the structure, the shapes ‫ ﺗﻜﻮن‬.‫أﺷ ل اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ ﻋﻨﺼﺮًا رﺋﻴﺴﻴًﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻧﻄﺒﺎع اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ‬
of the piers will be a major influence on the ‫إﻃﺎرات إﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫أﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ ر ﺋﺰ ﺟﺴﻮر اﻟﺤﻤﻮﻻت ﻓﻲ ﺷ‬
impression created. Majority of workhorse ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ أﻋﻤﺪة داﺋﺮﻳﺔ أو ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺎرﺿﺔ ﻓﻮﻗﻴﺔ‬
bridge piers are structural frames consisting ‫ وﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﺼﻮرة‬.‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي‬ ‫وﺗﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
of circular or rectangular columns with a cap ‫ﻓﺈن اﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺑﺮوز ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎرﺿﺔ اﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‬
beam, which supports the superstructure ‫ﻷﺳﺒﺎب ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻔﺎءة اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ وﺗﻜﻮن اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟ ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬
girders. Typically, the exterior columns are ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺔ اﻟﻔﻮﻗﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺪﺑﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﺾ ﻋﻤﻖ‬
inset from the fascia girder for reasons of .‫وﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺎت‬
structural efficiency, and the cantilevered
portions of a cap beam are often tapered to
reduce the depth and mass at the ends.
5.7.5.6 ABUTMENT SHAPE ‫أﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ ‫ ﺷ‬5.7.5.6

 Abutments may become visually massive ‫ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﺑﺼﺮﻳًﺎ أو‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺼﺒﺢ أﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ 
structures or secondary structures, ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬
depending on the nature of the grading at the ‫ وﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ أﺷ ل أﻛﺘﺎف اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬.‫وﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
bridge ends and the bridge layout geometry. ‫ﻫﺎﻣًﺔ ﺟﺪًا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر اﻟﻘﺼﻴﺮة‬
Abutment shapes are typically more visually ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧًﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺴﻮر اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ أن اﻟﻤﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻳﺮى اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬
important on shorter bridges than on longer ‫ أﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺎت‬.‫اﻟﻘﺼﻴﺮ ﻣًﻼ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ‬
bridges, since an observer is more likely to ‫اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺷ وﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻷﻛﺘﺎف‬
view a short bridge in its entirety. From ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺸﺎة‬ ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬.‫ﻣﻬﻤﺔ أﻳﻀًﺎ‬
viewpoints near the ends of longer structures, ‫ﻓﺈن اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﺔ ﻟﻬﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺎت اﻟﺠﺴﺮ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
the shape and detail of the abutment will also .‫أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺬاﻛﺮة‬
be important. For structures involving
pedestrians, the provisions made for them at
the ends of the bridge can be among the most
memorable aspects of the structure.
233
5.7.5.7 COLOR ‫ اﻟﻠﻮن‬5.7.5.7

 Colors have a long history of application on ‫ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ اﻷﻟﻮان ﺑﺘﺎرﻳﺦ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر‬ 
bridges due to their large visual impact with a ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮاﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة ﻣﻊ اﻧﺨﻔﺎض اﻟﺘ ﻔﺔ‬
correspondingly low-cost relative to that .‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧًﺔ ﺑﺘ ﻟﻴﻒ اﻟﺴﻤﺎت واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻮر‬
associated with other bridge features and ‫وﺗﺠﺐ دراﺳﺔ أﻟﻮان اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻴﺔ وﻏﻴﺮ‬
treatments. The colors of uncoated structural ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺛﺮ‬،‫ أو ﻋﺪﻣﻬﺎ‬،‫ وﺗﻮﺛﺮ اﻷﻟﻮان‬.‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣٍﺪ ﺳﻮاء‬
materials as well as coated elements and ‫ وﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻷﻟﻮان وﺳﻴﻠﺔ‬.‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻘﺮارات اﻟﺘﻲ اﺗﺨﺬت ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
details need to be considered. Color, or lack .‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ ﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى إﺿﺎﻓﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﺬب‬
thereof, will influence the effect of all the
decisions that have gone before. It provides an
economical vehicle to add an additional level
of interest.
5.7.5.8 TEXTURE, ORNAMENTATION AND DETAILS ‫ اﻟﻨﻘﺶ واﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﻦ واﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬5.7.5.8

 Texture, ornamentation and details are ‫إن اﻟﻨﻘﺶ واﻟﺘﺰﻳﻴﻦ واﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن‬ 
elements that can add visual interest and ‫ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺆدي اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬.‫ﺗﻀﻴﻒ وﺗﺒﺮز اﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬
emphasis. Structural elements, such as .‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺘﻘﻮﻳﺔ واﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬
stiffeners and bearings, may serve this ،‫ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ‬،‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺑﺪأت اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺰﻳﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
function. Indeed, traditional systems of ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ إﺑﺮاز اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ أﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻧﻘﻞ‬
architectural ornamentation started from a ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎرﺿﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻋﻤﻮد ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺷ‬
desire to visually emphasize points where ‫ وﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى أﻧﻤﺎط اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺤﺸﻮات‬.‫ﺗﺰﻳﻴﻨﻲ‬
force is transferred, such as from beam to .‫وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ‬
column through an ornamental capital.
Patterns of grooves or insets and similar
details are other examples.
5.7.5.9 LIGHTING, SIGNING AND LANDSCAPING ‫ اﻹﻧﺎرة واﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎت وﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻇﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬5.7.5.9
 Though not actually part of the structural ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻬﺬه اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ أﺛﺮ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻧﻄﺒﺎع‬ 
system, these elements may have great ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﺮ رﻏﻢ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺟﺰًء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ‬
influence on the aesthetic impression a bridge .‫أو اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬
makes.
6.0 FOUNDATION AND EARTH RETAINING ‫إﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت وﻫﻴﺎ‬6.0

STRUCTURES
This section mandates the principles, guidelines, and ‫ﻳﻘﺪم ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻤﺒﺎدئ واﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ وﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
requirements for design and construction of the ‫إﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ‬ ‫وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت وﻫﻴﺎ‬
foundation and earth retaining structures and ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬/‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
provides the minimum technical requirements to be ‫ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ واﻟﺠﻮدة وﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘ ﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬
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adopted by the A/E to enable safety, quality, and cost ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت وﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎت اﻹدارة‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬
effectiveness in the design and construction of .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
foundation structures that meet the needs and
expectations of the GDMP/ Amanat.

The scope of this subsection is to provide guidance ‫ﻳﻐﻄﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎت ﺑﺨﺼﻮص ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
on design and construction of foundation and earth ‫إﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت وﻫﻴﺎ‬
retaining structures, constructed of concrete and ‫واﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﻫﺬا ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬.‫واﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬
steel materials. This scope is limited to building and ‫ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻮاردة أو اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ‬.‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
non-building type structures and systems. The ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻮد اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺔ وﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ وأﻓﻀﻞ‬
design requirements provided herein, or cited by / ‫اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺒﻨﺎﻫﺎ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
reference, are based on the MBC, industry standards, .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬
and best GDMP/ Amanat practices.

The principles, guidelines, and requirements included ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ اﻟﻤﻴﺎدئ واﻹرﺷﺎدات واﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
in this subsection shall govern design of and ‫إﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت وﻫﻴﺎ‬
construction of foundations and earth retaining .‫واﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ وﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
structures for all building and non-building structures
and systems.

 Foundations and retaining walls shall be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت واﻟﺠﺪران اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ‬ 
designed based on the allowable soil pressure ‫ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎت اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ‬
recommended in the GDR. .‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ‬
 Foundations shall be designed with due ‫وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﻣﻊ اﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎه اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ أﻧﻪ ﻻ‬ 
consideration of the fact that soil cannot be ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮل وﺟﻮد‬، ٍ ‫ وﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ رﺑﻂ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺪ‬
engaged in tension. However, a region of zero ‫ﻧﻄﺎق ﺑﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﺿﻐﻂ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﻣﻊ‬
pressure in a foundation design is acceptable, .‫ﻋﺪم ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ اﺳﺘﻘﺮار اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬
providing that stability of the footing is
confirmed.
 The highest elevation of the water table shall ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﻟﺤﻮض اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ وﻓﻘًﺎ‬ 
be as provided in the GDR. Soil condition, dry ‫ وﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬا‬.‫ﻟﻤﺎ ورد ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ‬
or saturated and the need to consider ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ أو اﻟﻤﺸّﺒﻌﺔ واﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬
buoyancy in the analysis shall be based on this .‫إﻟﻰ أﺧﺬ اﻟﻄﻔﻮ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر‬
elevation
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6.1.5 CODES ‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز‬/‫ اﻷﻛﻮاد‬6.1.5

Design and construction of all foundation and earth ‫إﺳﻨﺎد‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت وﻫﻴﺎ‬
retaining structures shall be based on the ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺴﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ‬
requirements of this section and existing standards; ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬.‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮد اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺔ‬
these shall be from the MBC. Analysis of these ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﻟﺪى اﻹدارة‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
structures shall be based on standard methods ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت وﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﻗﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﻬﺎ‬/‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
acceptable to GDMP/ Amanat and the soil parameters .‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ ﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
values recommended in the GDR for the specific
structure's site.
6.2 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬6.2

6.2.1 BEARING PRESSURE ‫ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ‬ 6.2.1
 Foundations and retaining walls shall be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت واﻟﺠﺪران اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ 
designed using an allowable soil pressure and ‫ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎت اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ‬
soil parameters recommended GDR. .‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ‬
 Foundations shall be designed with due ‫وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﻣﻊ اﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎه اﻟﻼزم ﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ أﻧﻪ ﻻ‬ 
consideration of the fact that soil cannot be ‫ وﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮل وﺟﻮد ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬.‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ رﺑﻂ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺪ‬
engaged in tension. Regions of zero pressure .‫ﺑﻀﻐﻂ ﻳﺴﺎوي ﺻﻔﺮ ﻣﻊ ﻋﺪم ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬
are acceptable providing that stability is
maintained
6.2.2 WATER TABLE ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ 6.2.2

 The highest elevation of the water table shall ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن أﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﻟﺤﻮض اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ وﻓﻘًﺎ‬ 
be as provided in the GDR. .‫ﻟﻤﺎ ورد ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ‬
 For structural design, water table elevation ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻨﺴﻮب‬ ‫أﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
shall be at the elevation provided in the GDR or ‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﺴﻮب اﻟﻤﺤﺪد ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬
at the finished grade elevation, whichever is ‫ أﻳﻬﻤﺎ‬،‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ أو ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﺸﻄﺐ‬
higher. .‫أﻋﻠﻰ‬
 Structures shall be designed for the most ‫ﻷﻗﺴﻰ ﻇﺮوف اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
severe ground water conditions, including the .‫ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد ﻣﻴﺎه ﺟﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬
condition of no ground water.
 For retaining walls, the ground water on the toe ‫أﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺨﺺ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ ﺗﺠﺎﻫﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬ 
side and the soil on top of the toe shall be ‫اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة واﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻓﻮق ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬
ignored in structural design and in the ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺴﺎب اﻻﻧﻘﻼب‬
overturning, sliding, and buoyancy stability .‫واﻻﻧﺰﻻق واﻟﻄﻔﻮء واﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬
calculations
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6.2.3 BUOYANCY ‫اﻟﻄﻔﻮ‬ 6.2.3

 In the design of foundations, retaining walls, ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت واﻟﺠﺪران اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ واﻷﺣﻮاض‬ 
pits, pipes, and buried structures, the upward ‫اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ أﺧﺬ ﻗﻮة اﻟﻄﻔﻮ‬ ‫واﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ واﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
buoyant force of ground water shall be taken ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺎوﻳﺔ ﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬
as the volume of water displaced by the ‫وﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻣﻀﺮوﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺰﻳﺤﻬﺎ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
structure and air space multiplied by the ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أﺧﺬ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻼت اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻃﻔﻮ‬.‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬
density of water. Interactions of structural .‫اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﺎرﻏﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺠﺪران ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر‬
systems shall be considered, such as empty
pipeline buoyant reactions on walls.
 The dead weight of the structure shall be ‫ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ أﺧﺬ اﻟﻮزن اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻦ ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬ 
considered in the resistance to buoyant force ‫ وﻻ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ‬.‫ﺣﺴﺎب اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺿﺪ ﻗﻮة اﻟﻄﻔﻮ‬
calculations. Soil shall not be considered ‫اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﺪﻋﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮًة ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت وﻣﻦ‬
unless it is directly supported by the ‫ ﻻ ﺗﺆﺧﺪ أﺳﺎﻓﻴﻦ أو أوﺗﺎد اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺆﻛﺪ أن اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻟﻦ ُﺗﺰال‬
foundation and it is certain that the soil would ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﻋﻤﺔ‬.‫ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
not be removed. Soil wedges shall not be ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮًة ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت واﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ إزاﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺒﺪال‬
considered in the design. For soil that is .‫وزن اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﺑﻮزن اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬
directly supported by the foundation and that
could possibly be removed, the weight of
water may be substituted for the weight of the
soil.
 For structures wherein water is expected on ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ أن ﺗﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه إﻟﻰ داﺧﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
the inside of the structure, such water shall be .‫ﻓﺘﻬﻤﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻓﻲ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎت ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻗﻮة اﻟﻄﻔﻮ‬
ignored in the calculation of the resistance to
buoyant force.
6.2.4 HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE ‫ﻲ‬ ُ ‫اﻟﻀْﻐ‬

ّ ‫ﻂ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜ‬ 6.2.4
 For retaining, basement, tank, and pit walls, ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﺧﺬ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻋﻨﺪ‬ 
hydrostatic pressure shall be considered in ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﺪران ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ واﻟﻄﻮاﺑﻖ‬
the design of the wall elements. .‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ واﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت وﺟﺪران اﻷﺣﻮاض‬
 Base slabs of basements, tanks, and pits shall ‫وﺗﺠﺐ دراﺳﺔ ﺑﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻖ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪي واﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت‬ 
be investigated for upward shear and bending ‫واﻷﺣﻮاض ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل واﻻﻟﺘﻮاء اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻋﻦ‬
due to hydrostatic pressure. The hydrostatic ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬.‫اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ‬
pressure shall be based on the water table ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻮض اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ارﺗﻔﺎع‬
being at the finished grade elevation. .‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﺸﻄﺐ‬
 Water-stops shall be provided as specified in ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻌﺎت ﺗﺴﺮب اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺤﺪد‬،‫ﻫﺬا‬ 
the specifications and at the locations shown ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
on the drawings. .‫اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎت‬
237
6.2.5 HYDRODYNAMIC PRESSURE ُ ‫اﻟﻀْﻐ‬

‫ﻂ اﻟﻬﻴﺪرودﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ‬ 6.2.5
If hydrodynamic pressure due to flowing water is ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﺣﺪوث ﺿﻐﻂ ﻫﻴﺪرودﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬
possible, then this pressure shall be considered in the ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺪﻓﻘﺔ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ أﺧﺬه ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬
structural design of impacted elements .‫اﻟﻤﺘﺄﺛﺮة‬
6.2.6 ADJACENT LOADS ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة‬ 6.2.6

Where footings are placed at varying elevations, the ‫ﻋﻨﺪ وﺿﻊ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ أﺧﺬ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
effects of adjacent loads shall be considered in the .‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎورة ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬
foundation design.
6.2.7 EXISTING CONDITIONS ‫اﻷوﺿﺎع اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ 6.2.7

 New footings shall not be placed in locations ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺪم وﺿﻊ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن‬ 
which would increase soil pressure on existing ‫ أﻣﺎ إذا‬.‫ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬
structural elements. Where the situation is ‫ﺗﻌﺬر ذﻟﻚ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻷﺛﺮ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬
unavoidable, the existing foundation shall be ‫اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة وﻳﺠﺐ إﻋﺪاد ﻧﻈﺎم اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﺑﺤﻴﺚ‬
evaluated for the impact of the new ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﻪ أﻗﻞ ﻗﺪر ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬
foundation, and the new foundation system .‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬
shall be configured to have the least negative
effect on the existing foundation.
 The effect on existing structures of ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ أﺧﺬ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ 
surcharges relating to service and ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ وأﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
construction loads shall be considered in the ‫ وﺗﺠﺐ اﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺪود ﻓﻲ‬.‫اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
design. Limits shall be indicated on the ‫رﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺮف اﻟﻨﻄﺎﻗﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻨﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
construction drawings that define the zones in ‫ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﺗﻌﺬر ذﻟﻚ‬.‫ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت واﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ‬
which cranes and heavy equipment may not ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ أو ﻣﻘﺎول اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬/‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
operate. Where the condition is unavoidable, ‫واﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎت واﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ إﻋﺪاد ﺣﻞ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ وﺗﻘﺪﻳﻤﻪ إﻟﻰ‬
the AE and or EPC Contractor shall provide an .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎده‬/‫اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
engineered solution and submit to GDMP/
Amanat for approval.
6.2.8 FOUNDATION DEPTH ‫ﻋﻤﻖ اﻷﺳﺎس‬ 6.2.8

 Unless a deeper depth is established as a ‫ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ُﻳﺤﺪد ﻋﻤﻖ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻧﺘﻴﺠًﺔ ﻟﻠﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﺈن‬ 
result of the geotechnical investigation, the ‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻟﻌﻤﻖ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻀﺤﻠﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬
minimum depth for shallow foundations shall ‫ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ؛ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ اﻟﺤﺪ‬,SBC 303 ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎت‬
be based on the recommendations of the SBC ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻷرض اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬1.2 ‫اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻟﻌﻤﻖ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ ﻋﻦ‬
303, Chapter 5; min footing depth not less ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻐﺮﻳﻨﻴﺔ‬1.5 ،‫ﻷﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻤﺎﺳﻜﺔ‬
than 1.2 m below natural ground for ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻟﻠﺼﺨﻮر ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬1.2 ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ إﻟﻰ‬0.6‫واﻟﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ و‬
cohesionless soils, 1.5 m for silty and clay .‫وﻗﻮة اﻟﺼﺨﺮ‬
soils, and 0.6 to 1.2 m for rocks depending on
quality and strength of rock.
238
 For strip footings supporting walls of light- ‫أﻣﺎ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻄﻴﺔ ذات اﻹﻃﺎرات‬ 
frame construction, foundation width and ‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻴﻜﻮن ﻋﺮض اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت وﻓﻘًﺎ‬
thickness shall be as provided in the MBC. .‫ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ‬
6.2.9 STABILITY ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬ 6.2.9

o Stability calculations shall be based ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺣﻤﺎل‬ o
on service loads. .‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
o Except for retaining walls, soil shall not ‫ ﻻ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ‬،‫وﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ‬ o
be considered unless it is directly ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻣﺪﻋﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮًة‬
supported by the foundation and it is ‫ ﻻ‬.‫ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت وﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺆﻛﺪ أن اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻟﻦ ُﺗﺰال‬
certain that the soil would not be .‫ﺗﺆﺧﺪ أﺳﺎﻓﻴﻦ أو أوﺗﺎد اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر‬
removed. Soil wedges shall not be
considered.
o For tanks, vessels, bins, etc., both ‫أﻣﺎ اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت واﻷوﻋﻴﺔ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ أﺧﺬﻫﺎ‬ o
cases (empty and with content) shall ‫ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻴﻬﺎ )ﻓﺎرﻏﺔ وﻣﻠﻴﺌﺔ( ﻋﻨﺪ‬
be considered for all stability analysis. ‫ﻷﻫﻢ‬ ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ‬.‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮار‬
Structure shall be designed for the .‫اﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮات ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺘﻴﻦ‬
most significant effect from the two
cases.
o Overturning and sliding stabilities ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﺳﺘﻘﺮار اﻻﻧﻘﻼب‬ o
shall be evaluated with and without .‫واﻻﻧﺰﻻق ﻣﻊ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻟﻄﻔﻮ وﺑﺪوﻧﻬﺎ‬
the effects of buoyancy.
 Factor of Safety for Overturning ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻷﻣﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﻘﻼب‬ 

o The factor of safety for overturning ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻷﻣﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﻘﻼب ﻋﻦ‬ o
shall not be less than 1.5. .1.5
o For irregular or special-use structures ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﺧﺬ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ أﻣﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﻘﻼب أﻛﺒﺮ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
where loads other than wind and ‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ أو ذات اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺨﺎص ﺣﻴﺚ‬
seismic contribute significantly to the ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ أﺣﻤﺎل أﺧﺮى ﺧﻼف أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬
overturning effect, a higher factor of ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫واﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﺸ‬
safety shall be considered. .‫اﻻﻧﻘﻼب‬
o Weights of equipment that can be ‫ﻻ ﺗﺆﺧﺬ أوزان اﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ إزاﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ‬ o
removed shall not be considered in .‫اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻﻧﻘﻼب‬
the overturning resistance.
239
 Factor of Safety for Sliding ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻷﻣﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﺰﻻق‬ 

o The factor of safety for sliding shall .1.5 ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻷﻣﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﺰﻻق ﻋﻦ‬ o
not be less than 1.5.
o A value of 0.40 shall be used for the ‫ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬0.40 ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺗﺴﺎوي‬ o
coefficient of friction, unless specified ‫اﻻﺣﺘ ك ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ُﻳﺤﺪد ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ‬
otherwise in the GDR. .‫ﺧﻼف ذﻟﻚ‬
 Factor of Safety for Buoyancy ‫ُﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻷﻣﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻔﻮ‬ 

o The factor of safety for buoyancy shall 1.2 ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻣﻌﺎِﻣﻞ اﻷﻣﺎن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻔﻮ ﻋﻦ‬ o
be at least 1.2 for the highest ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬.‫ﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮات ﻗﻮى اﻟﻄﻔﻮ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻌﺔ‬
anticipated buoyant force effects. ،‫ﺗﻜﻮن اﻷوزان اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺴﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﺤﺪدة ﺟﻴًﺪا‬
Where the dead weights calculated ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ‬،‫ﻣﺜًﻼ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
are well established, such as for .1.1 ‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ إﻟﻰ‬
concrete components, this factor
may be reduced to 1.1.
6.3 FOUNDATION STRUCTURE TYPES AND ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت واﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ أﻧﻮاع ﻫﻴﺎ‬6.3

SELECTION
6.3.1 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS ‫ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻀﺤﻠﺔ‬6.3.1
 Ground supported concrete mat, combined, ‫ﻳﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻃﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ 
isolated, and strip foundations are ‫ اﻟﻤﻌﺰوﻟﺔ واﻟﺸﺮﻳﻄﻴﺔ‬،‫ اﻟﻤﺪﻣﺠﺔ‬،‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرض‬
recommended where the soil at shallow ‫ﻧﺖ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ أﻋﻤﺎق ﺿﺤﻠﺔ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﻘﺪرة ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ‬
depths has sufficient bearing capacity for the .‫ﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
applied structural loads.
 Shallow foundations shall be configured such ‫وﻳﺠﺐ إﻋﺪاد اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻀﺤﻠﺔ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ُﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬ 
that the gravity load bearing pressures for all ‫ﺿﻐﻂ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﻫﺒﻮﻃًﺎ ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﻳًﺎ‬
foundations will produce uniform settlement ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ إﻋﺪاد اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﺪﻣﺠﺔ‬.‫ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ‬
of the structural system. Combined .‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺿﻐﻂ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﻳًﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒًﺎ‬
foundations shall be configured such that the
dead load bearing pressure is approximately
uniform.
 For foundations that support a lateral force ‫أﻣﺎ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ ﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻮى اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬ 
resisting system of a structure, all tensile and ‫ﻓﺘﺠﺐ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻗﻮى اﻟﺸﺪ وﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
shear forces shall be resisted by the ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺳﺎس وﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻷرض ﻋﺒﺮ ﻣﺴﺎر ﻣﺤﺪد‬
foundation and transferred to the ground ‫ ﺗﺠﺐ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ أي ﻗﻮة دﻓﻊ إﻟﻰ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻜﺘﻠﺔ‬.‫ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل‬
through a well-defined load path. Any uplift .‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﺗﻌﺬر اﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬،‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ واﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬
shall be resisted by concrete mass and soil, if
it could not be removed.
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 Shallow foundations shall be reinforced to ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻀﺤﻠﺔ ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬،‫ﻫﺬا‬ 
resist the maximum loads required by design. ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻌﺸﻴﻖ‬.‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻘﺼﻮى اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
Steel reinforcement in shallow foundations ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذي ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻀﺤﻠﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل‬
shall be hooked only if required by analysis. .‫ﺗﻄﻠَﺐ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ذﻟﻚ‬
6.3.2 DEEP FOUNDATIONS ‫ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬6.3.2

 Deep Foundations are recommended when ‫ﻳﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن‬ 
there are large design loads, poor soil at ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ أﺣﻤﺎل ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة أو ﺗﺮﺑﺔ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻖ‬
shallow depth, or site constraints. Piles are ‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ ﺗﺪﻓﻊ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ ﺑﺸ‬.‫ﺿﺤﻞ أو ﻗﻴﻮد ﻳﻔﺮﺿﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
generally driven into the in-situ ground; other ‫ﻓﻲ أرض اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺗﺘﻢ أﻧﻮع اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬
deep foundations are typically installed using ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬.‫اﻷﺧﺮى ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ واﻟﺜﻘﺐ‬
excavation and drilling. Deep foundations may ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ إﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺸﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺞ أو اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ أو‬
be composed of either treated timber, ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻗﻠﻨﺴﻮة رﻛﻴﺰة‬.‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬
reinforced concrete, or pre-stressed concrete. ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﺠﺎوز اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻗﺪرة اﻟﺮﻛﻴﺰة اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻰ‬
A pile cap shall be used when the required ‫ ُﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﻗﻠﻨﺴﻮات اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬.‫ﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ‬
loads exceed single pile capacity ‫واﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﻤﻨﻌﺰﻟﺔ ﻟﻌﺎدة ﺑﻌﺎرﺿﺎت ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬
recommended in the GDR. Pile caps and ‫ ﺗﺪّﻋﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ اﻷﺧﻒ ﻋﺎدًة‬.‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬
isolated piles are typically connected with ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎرﺿﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻷﺛﻘﻞ‬
grade beams to tie the foundation elements .‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮًة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻠﻨﺴﻮة اﻟﺮﻛﻴﺰة‬
together. Lighter structural elements are
usually supported on the grade beams, while
heavier elements bear directly on the pile cap.
 There are different terms used to describe ‫وﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ُﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻮﺻﻒ اﻷﻧﻮاع‬ 
different types of deep foundations as follows: :‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
o Driven Piles ‫ر ﺋﺰ اﻟّﺪق‬ o
o Drilled shafts or caissons ‫اﻟﻤﻬﺎوي اﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮرة أو اﻟﻘﻴﺴﻮﻧﺎت‬ o
o Helical or Screw piles ‫اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ‬ o
 Pile Types are as follows: :‫أﻣﺎ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ 

o Concrete Driven Piles ‫ر ﺋﺰ اﻟﺪق اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ o
 Precast / Pre-stressed concrete ‫ﻣﻬﺎوي داﺋﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬ 
round reinforced shafts ranging in 150 ‫ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد ﻳﺘﺮاوح ﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ‬/ ‫اﻟﺼﺐ‬
size from 150 mm to 600 mm. .‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬600 ‫ﻣﻠﻢ إﻟﻰ‬
 Depths of soil embedment are optimal ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﺪﻣﺠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻳﺔ‬ 
when greater than 5 m and may range ‫ أﻣﺘﺎر وﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﻔﺎوت ﻓﻲ‬5 ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
in depth to over 30 m. .‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬30 ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻖ ﺣﺘﻰ‬
 Concrete piles are typically designed ‫ُﺗﺼﻤﻢ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎدة ﺑﻘﻀﺒﺎن‬ 
with steel reinforcing bars and/or ‫أو أوﺗﺎر إﺟﻬﺎد ﻣﺴﺒﻖ‬/‫ﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻓﻮﻻذﻳﺔ و‬
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prestressing tendons to develop the ‫ﻻﻛﺘﺴﺎب اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ واﻟﺪق‬

strength required for handling and .‫وﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻﻟﺘﻮاء اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬
driving, and to provide required
bending resistance.
 Long piles may be difficult to handle ‫ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﺻﻌﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎوﻟﺔ‬ 
and transport. Pile joints may be used ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬.‫واﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬
to join two or more short piles to form ‫رﻛﻴﺰﺗﻴﻦ ﻗﺼﻴﺮﺗﻴﻦ أو أﻛﺜﺮ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ رﻛﻴﺰة واﺣﺪة‬
one long pile. Pile joints may be used ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ ﻣﻊ‬.‫ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‬
with both precast and pre-stressed ‫اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ وﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬
concrete piles. .‫اﻹﺟﻬﺎد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻮاء‬
o Treated Timber Driven Piles ‫ر ﺋﺰ اﻟﺪق اﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ o

 Timber piles shall not be used unless ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ إﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ 
specific authorization by the GDMP/ ‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﺻﺮﻳﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻹدارة‬
Amanat is provided. .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
o
 Timber piles have significantly less ‫وﺗﺘﺴﻢ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﻘﻮة أﻗﻞ ﻛﺜﻴﺮًا ﻣﻦ‬ 
strength than steel or concrete piles. .‫اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ أو اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
 Timber piles are more durable than ‫وﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴٍﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻓﺈن اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ أﻃﻮل ﻋﻤﺮًا‬ 
steel piles in a corrosive environment. ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺮض‬
. ‫اﻟﺘﺂ‬
o
o Steel Driven Piles ‫ر ﺋﺰ اﻟّﺪق اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ o
 Structural Steel piles are subject to ‫ﺗﺘﻌﺮض اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬ 
severe corrosion and shall be used ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ وﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ‬
only with GDMP/ Amanat .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
authorization.
 Steel piles are most economical for ‫وﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﻬﺎ اﻷﻓﻀﻞ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳًﺎ‬ 
depths greater than 5 m and may ‫ أﻣﺘﺎر وﻗﺪ‬5 ‫ﻟﻸﻋﻤﺎق اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
range in depth to over 30 m. .‫ ﻣﺘﺮًا‬30 ‫ﻳﺼﻞ ﻋﻤﻘﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ‬
 Wide flange and Pipe profiles provide ‫وﺗﺘﻴﺢ اﻟﻔﻠﻨﺠﺎت اﻟﻌﺮﻳﻀﺔ واﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻴﺮ أﻓﻀﻞ‬ 
the most economical sections for use ‫اﻷﻗﺴﺎم ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ‬
as piles. .‫ﻛﺮ ﺋﺰ‬
 See corrosion protection Subsection ‫ﻳﺮﺟﻰ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ 
7 for Corrosion Protection ‫ﻟﻼﻃﻼع ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺂ‬
requirements. . ‫اﻟﺘﺂ‬
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o Drilled Piers/Caissons ‫ اﻟﻘﻴﺴﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮرة‬/ ‫اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬ o

 Drilled piers range in size from 450 ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﺣﺘﻰ‬450 ‫ﻳﺘﺮاوح ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮرة ﻣﻦ‬ 
mm to 2000 mm. Drilled shafts have ‫ ﺗﻤﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻬﺎوي اﻟﻤﺤﻔﻮرة إﻟﻰ إﻧﺘﺎج‬.‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬2000
the ability to generate large passive ‫ﻗﻮى ﺿﻐﻂ ﺳﺎﻟﺐ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻄﺮﻫﺎ وﻋﻤﻖ‬
pressure forces based on their ‫اﻟﺪﻣﺞ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻠﻮﺣﺎت‬
diameter and depth of embedment ‫وﺳﺎرﻳﺎت اﻷﻋﻼم وأﺳﺎﺳﺎت أﻋﻤﺪة اﻹﻧﺎرة‬
and should be considered for sign, ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻘﺪراﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮة ﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
flag pole and high mast lighting .‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬
foundations due to their significant
lateral load capability.
o Soldier Piles ‫اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ‬ o

 Soldier pile systems are utilized ‫ُﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ ﻛﺜﻴﺮًا ﻓﻲ‬ 
extensively in temporary works such ‫اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺘﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﺪﻋﻴﻢ اﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎت أﺛﻨﺎء‬
as support of excavation during .‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
project construction phases.
 Other applications of Soldier Pile ‫وﻻ ُﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺄي اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت أﺧﺮى ﻟﻠﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ‬ 
systems are not allowed and require ‫وﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬
authorization by the GDMP/ Amanat. .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
 Soldier pile systems are constructed ‫ُﺗﻘﺎم أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬ 
of wide flange steel H sections spaced H ‫ﻓﻠﻨﺠﺎت ﻓﻮﻻذﻳﺔ واﺳﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷ‬
about 2 to 3 m apart and are driven ‫ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﺘﺮﻳﻦ إﻟﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أﻣﺘﺎر وﺗﺪق ﻓﻲ‬
prior to excavation. As the excavation ‫ وﻣﻊ اﺳﺘﻤﺮار اﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎت‬.‫اﻷرض ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎت‬
proceeds, horizontal timber sheeting ‫ُﺗﺪﺧﻞ اﻷﻟﻮاح اﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﺧﻠﻒ ﻓﻠﻨﺠﺎت‬
(lagging) is inserted behind the H pile .‫اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﻮاﺳﻌﺔ‬
flanges.
 Horizontal earth pressure is generally ‫ﻳﺘﺮﻛﺰ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻷرض اﻷﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﺼﻮرٍة ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ 
attracted to the soldier pile locations ‫ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻗﺴﺎوﺗﻬﺎ‬
because of their relative rigidity in ‫ وﺗﻠﺼﻖ‬.‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧًﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻮاح اﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ‬
comparison to the lagging. Soil ‫اﻷﻟﻮاح اﻟﺨﺸﺒﻴﺔ ﻷﻗﺼﻰ درﺟﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
movement is minimized by .‫ﺗﺤﺮك اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬
maintaining the lagging in firm contact
with the soil.
o Helical Piles ‫اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ‬ o

 Helical piles are subject to severe ‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ وﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﺮض اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬ 
corrosion and shall be used only with ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
GDMP/ Amanat authorization. .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
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 Helical piles are a steel screw-in piling ‫اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻧﻈﺎم ر ﺋﺰ ﻓﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ 
and ground anchoring system used ‫ﻣﻠﻮﻟﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرض ُﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ‬
for building deep foundations. .‫ﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬
 Helical Piles are manufactured using ‫ُﺗﺼﻨﻊ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﺣﺠﺎم‬ 
varying sizes of tubular hollow ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻃﻊ اﻷﻧﺒﻮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﻮﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺮ ﺋﺰ‬
sections for the pile or anchor shaft. .‫أو دﻋﺎﺋﻢ اﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬
 The pile shaft transfers the structural ‫ﻳﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﺮﻛﻴﺰة اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ إﻟﻰ‬ 
load into the pile. Helical steel plates ‫ ُﺗﻠﺤﻢ اﻷﻟﻮاح اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ‬.‫اﻟﺮﻛﻴﺰة‬
are welded to the pile shaft in ‫ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﺮﻛﻴﺰة وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﺤﺎﻻت ﻧﻘﻞ اﻷرض ﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
accordance with the intended ground ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻷﻟﻮاح‬
transfer the shaft load into the soil. ‫اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﻣﻌﻴﻦ أو ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻨﻬﺎ‬
conditions, and Helices may be press ‫ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﺎﺋﺢ ﻣﺴﻄﺤﺔ ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻣﺔ‬
formed to a specified pitch or simply .‫ﺑﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻤﻮد اﻟﺮﻛﻴﺰة‬
consist of flat plates welded at a
specified pitch to the pile's shaft.
 Helical piles may be installed at ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺘ ﻔﺔ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬ 

reduced cost and time of installation ‫وﻓﻲ زﻣﻦ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧًﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻷﺧﺮى‬
as compared to competing pile . ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎِﻓﺴﺔ‬
systems.
 Helical piles can be installed in low ‫وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻت‬ 
overhead situations where there is ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ اﻟﻀﻴﻘﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ إﻣ ﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل‬
insufficient access for pile driving .‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺪات دق اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬
equipment.
o Auger-Cast Piles ‫ر ﺋﺰ اﻟﺼﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺤّﻔﺎرة‬ o

 Auger-cast piles require specific soil ‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ر ﺋﺰ اﻟﺼﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺤّﻔﺎرة ﺗﺮﺑﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ 
and geotechnical parameters to be ‫وﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﺟﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﻜﻔﺎءة‬
utilized effectively and shall be used ‫ﻟﺬا ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ اﻹدارة‬
only with GDMP/ Amanat .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
authorization.
 Auger-cast piles are formed by drilling ‫ر ﺋﺰ اﻟﺼﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺤّﻔﺎرة ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻔﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻷرض‬ ‫ُﺗﺸ‬ 
into the ground with a hollow ‫ﺑﺤﻔﺎرة ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ذات ذراع ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﻮﺻﻮل ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻖ‬
stemmed continuous flight auger to ‫ وﻻ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬.‫اﻟﻼزم أو درﺟﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬
the required depth or degree of ‫ ُﻳﻀﺦ‬.‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ أي ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻒ‬
resistance. No casing is required. A .‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ ﻣﻼط ﻣﻦ اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﻋﺒﺮ ذراع اﻟﺤﻔﺎرة‬
cement grout mix is then pumped ‫وﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ اﻟﺬي ُﻳﻀﺦ ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﻤﻼط‬
244
down the stem of the auger. While the ‫ ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﺣﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬.‫ُﻳﺴﺤﺐ ذراع اﻟﺤﻔﺎرة ﺗﺪرﻳﺠﻴًﺎ‬
cement grout is pumped, the auger is ‫ﻋﻤﻮد ﻣﻦ ﻣﻼط اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬
slowly withdrawn, conveying the soil .‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﺑﻌﺪ إزاﻟﺔ اﻟﺤﻔﺎرة‬.‫اﻷرض‬
upward along the flights. A shaft of
fluid cement grout is formed to
ground level. Reinforcement may be
installed after removal of the auger.
 Auger-cast piles cause minimal ‫ﺗﺴﺒﺒﺐ ر ﺋﺰ اﻟﺼﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺤّﻔﺎرة اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻣﻦ‬ 
disturbance and are often used for ‫اﻻﺿﻄﺮاب وُﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ‬
noise and environmentally sensitive .‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﺔ ﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎء أو اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﺔ ﺑﻴﺌﻴًﺎ‬
sites.
 Pile Testing ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬ 

 All pile projects shall have load testing ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ 
and inspection per the requirements ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل واﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬
of the MBC. .‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ‬
 Dynamic pile testing shall be required ‫ﻳﺠﺐ إﺟﺮاء اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ ر ﺋﺰ‬ 
for all driven piles. .‫اﻟّﺪق‬
 Load testing shall be performed in ASTM ‫ﻳﺠﺐ إﺟﺮاء اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻷﺣﻤﺎل وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬ 
accordance with ASTM D1143 and ‫ ﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﺤﻔﺮ أو‬ASTM D3689‫ و‬D1143
ASTM D3689 for piles which have .‫اﻟﺜﻘﺐ‬
been augured or drilled.
6.4 EARTH RETAINING STRUCTURE TYPES AND ‫إﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ واﺧﺘﻴﺎرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ أﻧﻮاع ﻫﻴﺎ‬6.4
SELECTION
Earth retaining structures shall be designed based on ‫إﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
the GDR recommendations for the specific type of ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻠﻮ وﻃﺮق اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ ﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﻬﻴ‬
structure and acceptable analysis and design ‫ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬،‫ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬،‫اﻟﻤﺪرﺟﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ اﻟﺴﺎدس‬
methods included in the Engineering Volume 6, ‫ اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻲ‬MMR-CAE-KE0-GL-000009) ،‫اﻟﺤﺎدي ﻋﺸﺮ‬
Chapter 7, Section 11 (MMR-CAE-KE0-GL-000009 .(‫ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ‬
Geotechnical design guideline).
6.5 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS ‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬6.5

6.5.1 FOUNDATIONS ‫ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬6.5.1
The top elevation of pedestals supporting steel bases ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﻟﻠﺪﻋﺎﺋﻢ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬
such as structural columns, pipe supports, and ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ودﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ واﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬
equipment shall be at least 150 mm above finished .‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﻓﻮق اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬150 ‫ﻋﻦ‬
grade level.
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6.5.2 RETAINING WALLS ‫ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ‬6.5.2

‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﺧﻠﻒ اﻟﺠﺪران اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدﻳﺔ ﺑﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ‬ 
 Accumulation of water behind retaining walls ‫ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻓﺘﺤﺎت ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻓﻴﺔ‬
shall be prevented by providing a drainage .‫وﻣﺮﺷﺤﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺤﺺ اﻟﺨﺸﻦ ﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه ﺧﻠﻒ اﻟﺠﺪار‬
system consisting of adequately spaced weep
holes and coarse gravel filter to collect the
water behind the wall.
 The depth of backfill material in front of a ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻤﻖ ﻣﻮاد اﻟﺮدم أﻣﺎم اﻟﺠﺪار اﻻﺳﺘﻨﺎدي ﻋﻦ‬ 
retaining wall shall be at least 600 mm from the ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ‬300 ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎع اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة وﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬600
bottom of the footing and at least 300 mm .‫ﻗﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة‬
from the top of the footing.
7.0 CORROSION PROTECTION ‫ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺂ‬7.0

 Concrete and steel structures in Saudi Arabia ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ واﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻌﺮض اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
and particularly, when located close to sea, are ،‫ ﺧﺼﻮﺻًﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬،‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬
subjected to one of the most severe exposure ‫ﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﻌﺮض ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬
conditions in the world, and therefore, require ‫اﻋﺘﺒﺎرات ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ واﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ واﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬
special considerations in design, detailing, ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ واﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
and construction to achieve the acceptable ‫اﻟﻤﺪى اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺒﻪ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬
standards for protection and long term .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
durability required by the GDMP/ Amanat.
 This subsection covers the corrosion ‫ﻳﻐﻄﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ 
protection guidelines for the GDMP/ Amanat ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫ﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻖ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺂ‬
facilities during design, construction, and ‫أﺛﻨﺎء ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ واﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ واﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ واﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬
operation and maintenance stages, to achieve ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ أﻃﻮل وﻗﺪرة ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ وﺗ ﻟﻴﻒ‬
long service life, durability, and low .‫ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬
maintenance cost.

 The scope of this subsection is to provide the ‫ﻳﻬﺪف ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺒﺎدئ واﻷدﻟﺔ‬ 
principles, guidelines, and requirements for ‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻖ واﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬
corrosion protection of facilities and systems ‫ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻖ‬. ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ واﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
constructed of concrete and steel materials. ‫واﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻐﻄﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
The facilities and systems covered under this ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ واﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
subsection include reinforced concrete and ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ واﻟﺠﺴﻮر واﻟﻌّﺒﺎرات وﺻﻬﺎرﻳﺞ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬
steel structures including buildings, bridges, ‫وﻣﺮاﻓﻖ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺼﺤﻲ وﺧﻄﻮط‬
culverts, water storage tanks, wastewater
246
handling structures, pipelines, pipe supports, ‫اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ودﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ وﺣﻤﺎﻻت اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ وﻗﻨﻮات‬
pipe racks, drainage channels, and others. .‫اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
 The requirements provided herein, or cited by ‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻮاردة أو اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻮد‬ 
reference, are based on the Saudi Building ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي وﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ وأﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت‬
Code, industry standards, and best practices ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﺒﻨﺎﻫﺎ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
adopted by the GDMP/ Amanat for over four ‫ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ أرﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﻘﻮد وﺣﺴﺒﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
decades, as applicable for certain regions of .‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬
the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

The principles, guidelines, and requirements in this ‫ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ اﻟﻤﺒﺎدئ واﻹرﺷﺎدات واﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
subsection shall apply to all facilities and systems ‫اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻖ واﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻄﺎق‬
included in the above scope. For structures and ‫واﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮرة ﺻﺮاﺣًﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ أﻣﺎ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬.‫اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ أﻋﻼه‬
systems not specifically mentioned in the scope, the ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬/‫ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬،‫ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬
A/E shall direct questions on applicability to the ‫اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺑﺨﺼﻮص ﺷﻤﻮﻟﻬﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬
GDMP/ Amanat. .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬

 For non-building structures not listed, ‫ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري‬ ‫ُﻳﻌﺪ‬ 
specifications and construction details shall ‫ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺪرﺟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أن‬ ‫وﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
be generated by the A/E, subject to GDMP/ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻹدارة‬ ‫ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺤ ﺼ ﻞ‬
Amanat’s approval. .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
 Although this subsection covers certain ‫ورﻏﻢ أن ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻳﻐﻄﻲ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ واﻋﺘﺒﺎرات‬ 
materials and special considerations for those ،‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺘﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻮاد ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ أﻏﺮاض ﻣﺤﺪدة‬
materials when used in particular applications, ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻬﺎ "ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ" ﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن ﻓﺌﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
the category of structures "other than .‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﻷي ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ‬
buildings" includes possible applications for
virtually any material type.
7.1.4.1 EXPOSURE CONDITIONS ‫ ﻇﺮوف اﻟﺘﻌﺮض‬7.1.4.1

 Saudi Arabia Industrial Cities ‫اﻟﻤﺪن اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬ 
The exposure conditions for reinforced concrete ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ واﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫إن ﻇﺮوف اﻟﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
and steel structures in Saudi Arabia are severely . ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ ﺷﺪﻳﺪة اﻟﺘﺂ‬
corrosive. The parameters which are relevant to ‫ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺄداء اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
performance of concrete and steel structures are ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺰوﻳﺪ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬.‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ واﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬
listed herein. The GDMP/ Amanat shall be provided ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺮوع ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
the project specific information based on local .‫ﻇﺮوف اﻟﺘﻌﺮض اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ‬
exposure conditions.
247
o According to the Soil Corrosivity ‫ووﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺗﺂ ﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺬي ُأﺟﺮي ﺿﻤﻦ‬ o
Survey Report conducted under ‫م ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ‬1981 ‫ ﻓﻲ‬T20-001 ‫اﻟﻌﻘﺪ رﻗﻢ‬
Contract No. 001-T20 in 1981, the ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻇﺮوف اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪن اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
characteristics of the soil conditions :‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
of Saudi Arabia’s Industrial cities are
as follows:
 About 63% of the area is covered with ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺴﺒﺨﺎت وﻫﻲ‬%63 ‫ﺗﻐﻄﻰ‬ 
sabkha (flat and very saline areas of ‫أرض رﻣﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﻄﺤﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻮﺣﺔ أو ﻃﻤﻲ‬
sand or silt lying just above the water- .(‫ﻳﻘﻮم ﻓﻮق اﻟﺤﻮض اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬
table).
 Chloride content in soil exceeds the ‫وﻳﺘﺠﺎوز ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ 
critical value for corrosion at 21% of .‫ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬%21 ‫وﻫﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮﺟﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬
the area.
 Sulphate content in soil exceeded the ‫أﻣﺎ ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺴﻠﻔﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻓﻴﺘﺠﺎوز اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ 
critical value for sulphate attack for ‫اﻟﺤﺮﺟﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻔﺎت ﻟﻠﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ وﻫﻲ‬
concrete at 52% of the area. .‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬%52
 Soil resistivity at 3 m depth was lower ‫ أﻣﺘﺎر‬3 ‫أﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﻤﻖ‬ 
than 500 ohm-cm at 18% of the area. ‫ ﻣﻦ‬%18 ‫ﺳﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ‬-‫ أوم‬500 ‫ﻓﻬﻲ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
.‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
o According to the Report on ‫ووﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ واﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬ o

Characterization of Soil and (2) ‫اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬
Groundwater Conditions in Saudi ‫ اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬,T03-202 ‫اﻟﺬيُأﺟﺮي ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ رﻗﻢ‬
Arabia 2 conducted under Contract ‫ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪن‬،(10) ‫رﻗﻢ‬
No 202-T03, Task 10, the :‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
characteristics of the soil conditions
of Saudi Arabia industrial cities are as
follows:
 The soil conditions above the ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻓﻮق ﺣﻮض اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﺒﺔ‬ 
groundwater table are very severely .‫ﺑﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﺣﺎد إﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﺘﺪل‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬
to moderately corrosive.
 The soil conditions below the ‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺣﻮض اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬ 
groundwater table are very severely .‫ﺑﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﺣﺎد ﺟﺪًا إﻟﻰ ﺣﺎد‬
to severely corrosive.
248
 Only 6% of the area is covered with .‫ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬%6 ‫ﺗﻐﻄﻲ اﻟﺴﺒﺨﺎت‬ 

sabkha.
 Chloride content in soil exceeded the ‫وﻳﺘﺠﺎوز ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ 
critical value of 0.1% for corrosion of %15 ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮﺟﺔ ﻟﺘﺂ‬
reinforcing steel at 15% of the area. ‫ ﻳﺘﺮاوح ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ اﻟ ﻮرﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ‬.‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
The chloride concentration in soil .%0.6 ‫ إﻟﻰ‬%0.01
varied from 0.01 to 0.6%.
 Sulphate content in soil exceeded the ‫أﻣﺎ ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺴﻠﻔﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻓﻴﺘﺠﺎوز اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬ 
critical value of 0.1% for sulphate ‫ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻔﺎت ﻟﻠﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬%0.1 ‫اﻟﺤﺮﺟﺔ وﻫﻲ‬
attack of concrete at 15% of the area. ‫ ﻳﺘﺮاوح ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬.‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬%15 ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
The sulphate concentration in soil .%0.6 ‫ إﻟﻰ‬%0.01 ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻔﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
varied from 0.01 to 0.6%.
 Soil resistivity at 5 m depth was lower ‫ أﻣﺘﺎر‬5 ‫أﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻋﻤﻖ‬ 
than 1000 ohm-cm at 25% of the area. ‫ ﻣﻦ‬%25 ‫ﺳﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ‬-‫ أوم‬1000 ‫ﻓﻬﻲ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
.‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
 The depth of groundwater table varies ‫ إﻟﻰ‬0.3 ‫ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺣﻮض اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ 
from 0.3 to 5.8 m from the finished ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻷرض اﻟﻤﺸﻄﺒﺔ )ﺑﻌﺪ‬5.8
ground level (after the proposed .(‫اﻟﺮدم اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮح‬
filling).
 Chloride and sulphate contents in ‫أﻣﺎ ﻗﻴﻢ اﻟ ﻮرﻳﺪ واﻟﺴﻠﻔﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬ 

groundwater are more than the critical ‫اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﺤﺮﺟﺔ ﻟﺘﺪﻫﻮر‬
values for concrete deterioration. The ‫ ﻳﺘﺮاوح ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ اﻟ ﻮرﻳﺪ واﻟﺴﻠﻔﺎت ﻓﻲ‬.‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
chloride and sulphate concentrations %0.02‫ و‬%1 ‫ إﻟﻰ‬%0.05 ‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
in groundwater varied from 0.05 to 1% .‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ‬%0.38 ‫إﻟﻰ‬
and 0.02 to 0.38% respectively.
The atmospheric conditions in Saudi Arabia are ‫ﺗﺘﺴﻢ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬
characterized by high day-time temperatures ‫ﺑﺪرﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻨﻬﺎر ﻓﻲ ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﺼﻴﻒ واﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ‬
during summer, high humidity in winter season, ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺘﺎء واﻟﺘﺒﺎﻳﻦ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة ﺑﻴﻦ‬
high temperature difference between summer ‫اﻟﺼﻴﻒ واﻟﺸﺘﺎء واﻟﺘﺬﺑﺬب اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة واﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ‬
and winter seasons, high temperature and ‫ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻨﻬﺎر واﻟﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺼﻞ اﻟﺼﻴﻒ واﻟﺮﻳﺎح واﻟﻌﻮاﺻﻒ‬
humidity fluctuations during day and night in ‫ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ‬.‫اﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪة ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻮﺣﺔ واﻟﻐﺒﺎر اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻮ‬
summer season, high winds and sandstorms, and ‫ درﺟﺔ‬46‫ درﺟﺎت ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ و‬8 ‫درﺟﺎت اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻟﻘﺼﻮى واﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬
atmosphere heavily laden with slat and dust. The .‫ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ‬
average minimum and maximum temperatures are
8°C and 46°C respectively.
249

 Industry Standards ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ 
o Saudi Building Code, Chapter 4. .‫ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬،‫ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي‬ o
o American Concrete Institute, ACI ACI 214R ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ o

214R Evaluation of Strength Test .‫ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﻗﻮة اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
Results of Concrete.
o American Concrete Institute, ACI ACI 224R ،‫اﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ o

224R Control of Cracking in Concrete .‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺸﻘﻖ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
Structures.
o American Concrete Institute, ACI 305 ACI 305 ،‫اﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ o
Hot Weather Concreting. .‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺟﻮاء اﻟﺤﺎرة‬
o American Concrete Institute, ACI ACI 318M ،‫اﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ o

318M Building Code Requirements for ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ‬
Structural Concrete and ‫اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎت‬
Commentary.
o American Society for Testing and ASTM ،‫اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺧﺘﺒﺎرات واﻟﻤﻮاد‬ o
Materials, ASTM C76 Standard ‫ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻨﻮات اﻟﻤﺠﺎري‬C76
Specification for Reinforced Concrete ،‫ وﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻴﺎه اﻷﻣﻄﺎر‬،‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬
Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe. .‫وأﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬
Materials, ASTM C150 Standard ‫ﻟﻺﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬ C150
Specification for Portland Cement. .‫اﻟﺒﻮرﺗﻼﻧﺪي‬
Materials, ASTM C618 Standard ‫ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺮﻣﺎد اﻟﻔﺤﻢ‬C618
Specification for Coal Fly ash and Raw ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﺎﻳﺮ واﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ اﻟﺒﻮزوﻻﻧﻲ اﻟﺨﺎم أو‬
or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for use in .‫اﻟﻤ ﺲ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
Concrete.
Materials, ASTM Standard Test ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠ ﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺬاب ﻓﻲ‬
Method for Water- Soluble Chloride in .‫اﻟﻤﺎء ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻼط واﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
Mortar and Concrete.
250
Materials, ASTM C1240 Standard ‫ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﺧﺎن اﻟﺴﻠﻴ‬C1240
Specification for Silica Fume Used in .‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﻠﻴﻂ اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺘﻲ‬
Cementitious Mixtures.
o American Association of State ‫اﻟﺠﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ واﻟﻄﺮق‬ o

Highway and Transportation Officials, ‫ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬AASHTO T277 ،‫اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬
AASHTO T277 Standard Method of ‫ﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﻟﻨﻔﺎذﻳﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
Test for Rapid Determination of the .‫ﻟﻠ ﻮرﻳﺪ‬
Chloride Permeability of Concrete
o American Water Works Association, AWWA ،‫اﻻﺗﺤﺎد اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬ o

AWWA C105 Polyethylene ‫ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻒ اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ إﻳﺜﻴﻠﻴﻦ ﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬C105
Encasement for Ductile- Iron Pipe .‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﺎﻳﻞ‬
Systems.

AWWA C151 Ductile Iron Pipe, ‫ اﻟﻤﺼﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮد‬،‫ أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﺎﻳﻞ‬C151
Centrifugally Cast. .‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي‬

AWWA C301 Prestressed Concrete ‫ أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬C301
Pressure Pipe, Steel-Cylinder Type. .‫ ﻧﻮع اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬،‫اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬

AWWA C303 Concrete Pressure Pipe, ‫ أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬C303
Bar Wrapped, Steel-Cylinder Type. .‫ ﻧﻮع اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬،‫اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬
o Society for Protective Coatings, SSPC SSPC SP-5 ،‫ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﻄﻼءات اﻟﻮاﻗﻴﺔ‬ o
SP-5 White Metal Blast Cleaning. ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻔﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻲ اﻷﺑﻴﺾ‬
o Society for Protective Coatings, SSPC SSPC SP-10 ،‫ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﻄﻼءات اﻟﻮاﻗﻴﺔ‬ o
SP-10 Near-White Blast Cleaning. ‫اﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻔﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺷﺒﻪ اﻷﺑﻴﺾ‬
 Royal Commission Issued Reports ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺎرﻳﺮ اﻟﺼﺎدرة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ 

o Report on "Characterization of Soil ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ واﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ o
and Groundwater Conditions in Saudi ‫ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ رﻗﻢ‬،(2) ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬
Arabia 2", Contract No. 202-T03, Task .‫م‬2006 ،(10) ‫ اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ رﻗﻢ‬،T03-202
Release No. 10, 2006.
o Report on "Corrosion Control ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ "ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺎت اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺂ‬ o

Guidelines for Concrete Structures in ،(2) ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬
251
Saudi Arabia 2", Contract No. 202- ،(10) ‫ اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ رﻗﻢ‬،T03-202 ‫اﻟﻌﻘﺪ رﻗﻢ‬
T03, Task Release No. 10, 2006. .‫م‬2006
o Report on "Corrosion Control ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ "ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺎت اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺂ‬ o

Guidelines for Concrete Structures in ،‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ رأس اﻟﺨﻴﺮ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
Ras Al-Khair Industrial City (RIC)", ،(2) ‫ اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ رﻗﻢ‬،T01-027 ‫اﻟﻌﻘﺪ رﻗﻢ‬
Contract No. 027-T01, Task Release .‫م‬2013
No. 2, 2013.
o Report on "Soil Corrosivity Study, ‫ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ رﻗﻢ‬،‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻋﻦ "دراﺳﺔ ﺗﺂ ﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺮب‬ o

Contract No. 001-T20, by Research ‫ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻚ ﻓﻬﺪ‬،‫ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ اﻟﺒﺤﻮث‬،T20-001
Institute, King Fahd University of ‫ ﻣﺸﺮوع‬،‫ﻟﻠﺒﺘﺮول واﻟﻤﻌﺎدن ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬
Petroleum and Minerals for Royal .‫م‬1981 ،‫اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬
Commission, Saudi Arabia Project,
1981.
o Report on Geotechnical Investigation ‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬ o

for Site Development of Area B in Ras ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ )ب( ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ رأس اﻟﺨﻴﺮ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
Al-Khair Industrial City conducted ،T01-001 ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ُأﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﺿﻤﻦ اﻟﻌﻘﺪ رﻗﻢ‬
under Contract No. 001-T01, Task .‫م‬2013 ‫ ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ‬،54 ‫اﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ رﻗﻢ‬
Release 54, January 2013.
7.2 COMMISSIONING ‫ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻲ‬7.2

Commissioning for corrosion protection shall be ‫أﺛﻨﺎء أو ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ إﺟﺮاء اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
performed during or after construction, depending on ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ أو اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ أن‬
the structural systems or elements, to verify that the ‫اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ أو اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة واﻟﻤﻌﺎد ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬
new/rehabilitated systems or elements meet the .‫اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
corrosion protection requirements of this subsection.
7.3 PROTECTION OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬7.3

7.3.1GENERAL ‫ ﻋﺎم‬7.3.1
The guidelines provided herein include all reinforced ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺪرﺟﺔ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
concrete structures. .‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬
7.3.2FORMS OF CONCRETE DETERIORATION ‫ أﺷ ل ﺗﺪﻫﻮر اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬7.3.2

 Reinforcement Corrosion ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺗﺂ‬ 
This is the most predominant type of deterioration ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻫﻮ أﻛﺜﺮ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﺪﻫﻮر ﺷﻴﻮﻋًﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺂ‬
of concrete structures in Saudi Arabia. Chloride ‫ ﺗﺘﺴﺮب أﻣﻼح‬.‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬
salts from soil, groundwater, seawater, and other ‫اﻟ ﻮرﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ واﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ وﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺮ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
sources ingress into concrete and cause ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر إﻟﻰ داﺧﻞ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ وﺗﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﻠﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬
breakdown of the protective oxide film on ‫اﻷوﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﻮاﻗﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻣﺆدﻳﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺑﺪء اﻟﺘﺂ‬
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reinforcing steel and cause onset of active ‫ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﻐﻞ ﺣﻴﺰًا أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ‬، ‫ ﻳﺆدي ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﻧﻮاﺗﺞ اﻟﺘﺂ‬.‫اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ‬
corrosion. Accumulation of corrosion products, .‫ إﻟﻰ ﻇﻬﻮر إﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﺸّﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ‬،‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬
which occupy more volume than the steel, cause ‫وﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز إﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﺸّﺪ ﻗﻮة اﻟﺸﺪ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺗﺒﺪأ‬
tensile stresses in the cover concrete. When ‫ وﻳﺆدي‬.‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﺪع واﻟﺘﻔﻜﻚ واﻟﺘﺸﻈﻲ‬
these tensile stresses exceed the tensile strength ‫ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺪوره إﻟﻰ ﺧﺴﺎرة ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ وﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻲ‬
of concrete, the cover concrete suffers cracking, .‫اﻧﺨﻔﺎض اﻟﻜﻔﺎءة اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺼﺮ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺢ‬
delamination, and spalling. This causes loss of
serviceability and may lead to a reduction in the
structural capacity of the reinforced concrete
member.
 Sulphate Attack ‫ﻫﺠﻮم اﻟﻜﺒﺮﻳﺘﺎت‬ 

Sulphate attack is caused in concrete exposed to ‫ﻳﻨﺠﻢ ﻫﺠﻮم اﻟﻜﺒﺮﻳﺘﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬
soil, groundwater and seawater by chemical ‫واﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ وﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
reaction between hydrated cement and Sulphate ‫ وﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻫﺠﻮم اﻟﻜﺒﺮﻳﺘﺎت‬.‫اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ اﻟﻤﺮوي وأﻳﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻜﺒﺮﻳﺘﺎت‬
ions. Sulphate attack results in formation of ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻤﺪد اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺷ‬
expansive products which cause expansion of ‫ ﻳﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﻫﺠﻮم‬.‫ﺗﻤﺪد اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆدي إﻟﻰ ﺗﺼﺪﻋﻬﺎ‬
concrete leading to cracking. Sulphate attack can ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺮﻳﺘﺎت أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺧﺴﺎرة ﻣﺘﺰاﻳﺪة ﻟﻠﻘﻮة واﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺪﻫﻮر‬
also cause progressive loss of strength and mass .‫ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻚ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت ﺗﺮوﻳﺔ اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬
due to deterioration in the cohesiveness of the
cement hydration products.
 Salt Crystallization ‫ﺗﺒﻠﻮر اﻷﻣﻼح‬ 

This is caused in concrete exposed to wetting and ‫ﻳﺤﺪث ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺒﻠﻮر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﻞ واﻟﺠﻔﺎف‬
drying by groundwater and seawater. It is caused ‫ وﻳﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﺘﺒﻠﻮر ﻋﻨﺪ دﺧﻮل‬.‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ وﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
by ingress of salts into concrete which crystallizes ‫اﻷﻣﻼح ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﺒﻠﻮر ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺠﻒ ﻟﺘﺆدي إﻟﻰ‬
on drying leading to progressive crumbling or ‫ ﻳﺆدي ﺗﺒﻠﻮر اﻷﻣﻼح إﻟﻰ‬.‫اﻟﺘﻔﺘﺖ اﻟﻤﺘﺰاﻳﺪ أو ﺗﻘﺸﺮ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
scaling of concrete. Salt crystallization leads to .‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﺔ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﺸﻒ اﻟﺮ م‬
erosion of concrete surface and exposes the
aggregate.
 Thermal Cracking ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺪع اﻟﺤﺮاري‬ 

Cracking of concrete may be caused due to ‫ﻗﺪ ﻳﻨﺠﻢ ﺗﺼﺪع اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻻﻧﻜﻤﺎش اﻟﻠﺪن ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
plastic shrinkage in freshly poured concrete or .‫ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ اﻟﺼﺐ أو اﻧﻜﻤﺎش اﻟﺠﻔﺎف ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺒﺔ‬
drying shrinkage in hardened concrete. Plastic ‫اﻻﻧﻜﻤﺎش اﻟﻠﺪن واﻧﻜﻤﺎش اﻟﺠﻔﺎف ﻣﻦ اﻟﻈﻮاﻫﺮ اﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
and drying shrinkage are physical phenomena and ‫ وإذا ﺗﺠﺎوز إﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﺸﺪ‬.‫ﻄوَ َﻋﺔ اﻟﺸﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫وﺗﺴﺒﺐ ُﻣ َﺎ‬
cause tensile strain in concrete. When the .‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻗﻮة ﺷﺪ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻳﺤﺪث ﺣﻴﻨﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﺼﺪع‬
associated tensile stress in concrete exceeds its
tensile strength, cracking occurs.
‫ ﻇﺮوف اﻟﺘﻌﺮض‬7.3.3
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7.3.3EXPOSURE CONDITIONS ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻇﺮوف ﺗﻌﺮض ﺣﺎد إذا ﻧﺖ‬ ‫ُﺗﺼّﻨﻒ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
Concrete structures exposed to the following :‫ﻓﻲ أﺣﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
conditions shall be considered as severe exposure:
‫ﺗﺤﺖ اﻷرض وﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻓﻮق ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻷرض‬ 
 Below ground and up to half meter above
ground level ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻤﺪ‬،‫ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺮ أو رذاذ ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺮ )ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺮذاذ‬ 
 Seawater and spray from seawater (splash (‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬500 ‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫واﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
zone, tidal zone and structures located within
500 m from the seashore) ،‫اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺠﻴﺮات واﻟﻐﺮف )ﺣﺠﻴﺮات اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬ 
 Interior of chambers (valve chambers, (‫ إﻟﺦ‬،‫ﻏﺮف اﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ‬
manholes etc.) ‫ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺼﺤﻲ واﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ 
 Wastewater and chemicals ‫أﻣﺎ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﻈﺮوف اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ واﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ 
 Concrete exposed to atmosphere and interior .‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻜﻴﻔﺔ اﻟﻬﻮاء ﻓﻼ ﺗﻌّﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻈﺮوف ﺣﺎدة‬
of airconditioned areas shall not be
considered as exposed to severe conditions.
‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ إرﺷﺎدات وأﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬7.3.4
7.3.4GUIDELINES AND EXAMPLES FOR
PROTECTION OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES ‫ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ 
 General ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺎ‬
Design and construction of durable concrete ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟ ﻓﻴﺔ وﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﻃﺮق اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﺔ‬
structures involve selection of adequate ‫ ﻹﻃﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬،‫ ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬،‫وﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ إﺟﺮاءات ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬
materials, adoption of proper design and .‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻲ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
construction techniques and provision of
additional protection measures, as required, to
prolong the service life to the design service life.
‫اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ 
 Material Selection ‫ﻧﻮع اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬ o
o Cement Type ‫ﻳﻮﺻﻲ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام إﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬ o
o The SBC recommends ASTM C150 ‫ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻀﺎف ﺧﻠﻴﻂ‬ASTM C150 Type I
Type I cement with mineral admixture ‫ﻮرﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻈﺮوف‬
for concrete exposed to very severe ‫ ﻣﻊ‬ASTM C150 Type V ‫ﺣﺎدة وإﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬
chloride exposure and ASTM C150 ‫ﺧﻠﻴﻂ ﻣﻀﺎف ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ‬
Type V cement with mineral admixture ‫ وﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﺼﻮرة ﺗﻮﺻﻲ‬.‫ﻟﻈﺮوف ﻛﺒﺮﻳﺘﺎت ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
for concrete exposed to very severe ASTM ‫ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام إﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬ACI 318 ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
sulphate exposure. Similarly, ACI 318 ‫ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺒﻮزوﻻن أو اﻟﺨﺒﺚ‬C150 Type V
recommends ASTM C150 Type V .‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ذات اﻟﺘﻌﺮض اﻟﺤﺎد ﻟﻠﻜﺒﺮﻳﺘﺎت‬
cement with pozzolan or slag for
concrete exposed to very severe
sulphate exposure.
‫وﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪر ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ o
‫ﻟﺴﻴﻮم اﻷﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﺎت ﺑﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ أﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬
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o Cement with a high tricalcium ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻠ ﻮرﻳﺪ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧًﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮي‬

aluminate (C3A) content is more ‫ وُﻳﻌﺰى ذﻟﻚ‬.‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺪر أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ‬
resistant to chloride exposure than ‫ﻏﻠﻰ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﻟﺴﻴﻮم اﻷﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﺎت ﻓﻲ رﺑﻂ‬
that with a low C3A content. This is ‫اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ﻮرﻳﺪات واﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر‬
due to the influence of C3A in binding ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ‬ .‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ ﻮرﻳﺪات‬
more chlorides and reducing chloride ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻀﺎف اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺂ‬
diffusion coefficient of concrete. ‫وﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻫﺠﻮم اﻟﻜﺒﺮﻳﺘﺎت ﻷﻧﻪ ُﻳﺤّﺴﻦ ﻧﻔﺎذﻳﺔ‬
Mineral admixtures increase .‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
resistance to reinforcement
corrosion as well as sulphate attack
due to improvement in permeability of
concrete. ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻧﻮع اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ o
:‫ﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﺘﻌﺮض اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬
o Type of cement for different exposure
conditions shall be as follows: ‫ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ASTM C150 Type I ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪم‬ 
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻈﺮوف ﺣﺎدة ﻣﻊ ﺧﻠﻴﻂ‬
 For reinforced concrete exposed to .‫ﻣﻀﺎف ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬
severe conditions, use ASTM C150
Type I with mineral admixture. ‫ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ASTM C150 Type I ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪم‬ 
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻈﺮوف ﺣﺎدة دون‬
 For reinforced concrete not exposed .‫ﺧﻠﻴﻂ ﻣﻀﺎف ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬
to severe conditions, use ASTM C150
Type I cement without mineral
admixture. ‫ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ‬ASTM C150 Type V ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪم‬ 
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻈﺮوف ﺣﺎدة ﻣﻊ ﺧﻠﻴﻂ‬
 For unreinforced concrete exposed to .‫ﻣﻀﺎف ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬
severe conditions, use ASTM C150
Type V cement with mineral
admixture. ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﺨﻠﻴﻂ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﻀﺎف دﺧﺎن‬ 
.ASTM C 1240 ‫وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻻﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻴ‬
 The mineral admixture shall be silica (F) ‫وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺮﻣﺎد اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺌﺔ‬
fume conforming to ASTM C 1240. ASTM C 618 ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬
Class F fly ash conforming to ASTM C .‫ﻛﺒﺪﻳﻞ‬
618 may be used as an alternative.
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻷﺳﻤﻨﺘﻴﺔ‬ o
‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ 
o Water Cementitious Materials Ratio .0.40 ‫اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺘﻴﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
 The maximum water-cementitious
materials ratio for all concrete shall be
limited to 0.40. ‫ﺗﺠﺪر اﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ أن ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ 
‫اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺘﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه إﻟﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع‬
255
 Water-cementitious material ratio is ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎف‬ ‫واﻟﺨﻠﻴﻂ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬

the ratio of water to the sum of ‫ ﻳﻮﺻﻲ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي أﻻ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ‬.‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬
cement and mineral admixture. The 0.4 ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻹﺳﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
SBC recommends maximum water- ‫ﻮرﻳﺪ ﺣﺎدة‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻈﺮوف‬
cementitious material ratio of 0.4 for ‫ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻈﺮوف ﻛﺒﺮﻳﺘﺎت‬0.45‫و‬
concrete exposed to very severe ‫ ﻓﺘﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﺄﻻ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ‬ACI 318 ‫ أﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬.‫ﺣﺎدة‬
chloride exposure and 0.45 for 0.45 ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻹﺳﻤﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
concrete exposed to very severe .‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻛﺒﺮﻳﺘﺎت ﺣﺎدة‬
Sulphate exposure. ACI 318
recommends maximum water-
cementitious material ratio of 0.45 for
concrete exposed to very severe
Sulphate exposure. ‫ﻗﻮة اﻹﻧﻀﻐﺎط‬ o
‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻗﻮة اﻹﻧﻀﻐﺎط ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ 
o Compressive Strength .‫ ﻣﻴﺠﺎﺑﺎﺳ ل‬35 ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻈﺮوف ﺣﺎدة ﻋﻦ‬
 The minimum specified compressive
strength for reinforced concrete
exposed to severe conditions shall be
35 MPa. ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻗﻮة إﻧﻀﻐﺎط أﻗﻞ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ‬ 
.‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬
 A lower strength may be specified for
un-reinforced concrete. ‫ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي أﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻗﻮة‬ 
‫ ﻣﻴﺠﺎﺑﺎﺳ ل ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬35 ‫اﻹﻧﻀﻐﺎط ﻋﻦ‬
 The SBC requires minimum 30‫و‬ ‫ﺣﺎدة‬ ‫ﻮرﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻈﺮوف‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ‬
compressive strength of concrete of ‫ﻟﻈﺮوف‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺠﺎﺑﺎﺳ ل‬
35 MPa for concrete exposed to very ACI 318 ‫ أﻣﺎ اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬.‫ﻛﺒﺮﻳﺘﺎت ﺣﺎدة‬
severe chloride exposure and 30 MPa 35 ‫ﻓﺘﻮﺻﻲ ﺑﻘﻮة اﻧﻀﻐﺎط ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ‬
for concrete exposed to very severe ‫ ﻳﻮﻣًﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬28 ‫ﻣﻴﺠﺎﺑﺎﺳ ل ﻟﻤﺪة‬
Sulphate exposure. ACI 318 ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
recommends minimum 28-day ‫واﻟ ﻮرﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎوﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺰﻳﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻠﻴﺪ‬
compressive strength of 35 MPa for ‫واﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺤﺔ وﺷﺒﻪ اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺤﺔ وﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺮ أو‬
corrosion protection of reinforcement .‫اﻟﺮذاذ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﺼﺎدر‬
in concrete exposed to moisture and
chlorides from de-icing chemicals,
salt water, brackish water, seawater,
or spray from these sources. ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮى اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺘﻲ‬ o
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﺤﺘﻮى إﺳﻤﻨﺘﻲ أﻗﻞ‬ 
o Cement Content .‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬
 A lower cement content value may be
used for unreinforced concrete. ‫ﻳﺨﻀﻊ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺘﻮى اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺘﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪ‬ 
‫اﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه إﻟﯩﺎﻟﻤﻮاد اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺘﻴﺔ‬
256
 Minimum cement content ‫وﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﻀﻐﺎط‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻮة‬ ‫اﻷدﻧﻰ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﺪ‬

requirement is governed by maximum ‫ أﻣﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻮاد‬.‫اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
water cementitious material ratio, ‫اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺘﻴﺔ وﻗﻮة اﻹﻧﻀﻐﺎط اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬
minimum compressive strength and ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻛﻤﻴ ﺔ ﻣﺤﺪدة ﻣﻦ اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل‬
workability. For a required water .‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺰﻳﺞ ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
cementitious material ratio and
compressive strength, a certain
amount of cement is required to
obtain a workable concrete mix. ‫ﻳﻮﺻﻲ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي أﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ 
‫اﻹﺳﻤﻨﻴﺔ )اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ زاﺋﺪًا اﻟﺨﻠﻴﻂ اﻟﻤﻀﺎف‬
 The SBC recommends minimum ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﺟﺮام ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺮ اﻟﻤﻜﻌﺐ‬370 ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻲ( ﻋﻦ‬
cementitious material (cement plus ‫ﻮرﻳﺪ ﺣﺎدة‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻈﺮوف‬
mineral admixture) content of 370 ‫ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﺟﺮام ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺮ اﻟﻤﻜﻌﺐ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬350‫و‬
kg/m3 for concrete exposed to very .‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻈﺮوف ﻛﺒﺮﻳﺘﺎت ﺣﺎدة‬
severe chloride exposure and 350
kg/m3 for concrete exposed to very
severe Sulphate exposure. ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ 
‫اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬ o
 Design ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ 
o Cover .‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬75 ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻈﺮوف ﺣﺎدة ﻋﻦ‬
 For concrete exposed to severe
conditions, the minimum cover shall
be 75 mm. ‫ﺗﺆدي اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﻓﻮق ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ دورًا ﺑﺎﻟﻎ‬ 
‫ ﺗﺤ ﺪ د‬. ‫اﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
 The cover over the reinforcing steel ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬75 ‫ ﺣﺪًا أدﻧﻰ ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬ACI 318 ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
plays a very important the role in .‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺒﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرض واﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻬﺎ‬
protection of reinforcement against
corrosion. ACI 318 specifies a
minimum cover of 75 mm for concrete
cast against and exposed to earth. ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﺪع‬ o
‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬0.15 ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﺮض اﻟﺘﺼﺪﻋﺎت ﻋﻦ‬ 
o Crack Control ‫ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬0.30‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻈﺮوف ﺣﺎدة و‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬
 The minimum crack width shall be .‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ‬
0.15 mm for structures exposed
severe conditions and 0.30 mm for
superstructures exposed to
atmosphere. ‫أﺣﺪ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺪﻫﻮر اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻫﻮ‬ 
‫اﻟﺘﺼﺪع واﻟﺬي ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺪوﻧﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
 One of the major causes of concrete ‫ ﺗﺴﻬﻞ اﻟﺘﺼﺪﻋﺎت دﺧﻮل‬.‫اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ وﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬
deterioration in otherwise durable ‫اﻟ ﻮرﻳﺪات ﺑﻤﻌﺪﻻت أﺳﺮع ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﻐﻄﺎء‬
concrete is cracks. The cracks allow ‫ وﺗﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﺘﺼﺪﻋﺎت ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬.‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬
257
ingress of chlorides at an accelerated ‫إﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻧﻜﻤﺎش اﻟﺠﻔﺎف‬

rate through concrete cover. Cracks .‫واﻷﺣﻤﺎل واﻟﻬﺒﻮط‬
are caused by stresses in concrete
due to drying shrinkage, loads, and
settlement. ‫ "اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺸﻘﻖ‬ACI 214R ‫ﻳﻮﻓﺮ إﺻﺪار‬ 
‫اﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺎدر‬ "‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
 ACI 214R "Control of Cracking in ‫اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ إرﺷﺎدات ﺑﺨﺼﻮص ﻋﺮض‬
Concrete Structures" provides a ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺪﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
general guide for tolerable crack ‫ وﻳﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﺄن‬..‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﻌﺮض‬
widths in reinforced concrete for ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬0.30 ‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻋﺮض اﻟﺘﺼﺪﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻪ‬
different exposure conditions. A ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ واﻟﻬﻮاء‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬
tolerable crack width of 0.30 mm is ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬ ‫ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬0.15‫اﻟﺮﻃﺐ واﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ و‬
recommended for concrete .‫اﻟﺒﺤﺮ ورذاذ ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
structures exposed to humidity, moist
air, and soil, and 0.15 mm for
structures exposed to seawater and
seawater spray. ‫وﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺣﺪود ﻋﺮض اﻟﺘﺼﺪﻋﺎت اﻟﻮاردة‬ 
‫ ﺗﻨﺒﻪ اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬، ٍ ‫ وﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫أﻋﻼه ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
 The above crack width limits shall be ‫ إﻟﻰ أن ﻫﺬه اﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﻟﻌﺮض‬ACI 224R
used for the design. However, ACI ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺪﻋﺎت ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺆﺷﺮًا ﻣﻮﺛﻮﻗًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺪوام‬
224R cautions that these values of ‫وﺟﻪ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬ .‫اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺪﻫﻮر‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬
crack width are not always a reliable ‫ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ أدت إﻟﻰ‬،‫اﻟﺨﺼﻮص ﻓﺈن اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ اﻷﻛﺒﺮ‬
indication of the corrosion and ‫ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن أﻓﻀﻞ ﻓﻲ‬،‫ﺗﺼﺪﻋﺎت ﺳﻄﺤﻴﺔ أﻛﺒﺮ‬
deterioration to be expected. In ‫ﻓﻲ ﺑﻴﺌﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
particular, a larger cover, even if it ‫ وﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ‬.‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬
leads to a larger surface crack, may ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻟﻤﺪى اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﺪﻋﺎت اﻟﺬي‬
sometimes be preferable for ‫ أﻳﻀًﺎ‬ACI 224R ‫ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬.‫ﻳﻠﺰم ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻪ‬
corrosion control in certain ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﺪﻋﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
environments. Thus, engineering .‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ‬
judgment must be exercised on the
extent of crack control to be used. ACI
224R also provides recommendations
for controlling cracks in different
structural members. ‫ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬ o
‫ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴُﻞ اﻟﺠﻴﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬ 
o Reinforcement Detailing ‫ وﻳﺴﺘﺤﺴﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﺪد‬.‫ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬ ُ‫ﺗﺂ‬
 Good detailing helps in minimizing ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن ﺻﻐﻴﺮة اﻟﻘﻄﺮ ﺑﺪًﻻ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺪد‬
reinforcement corrosion risk. Using a ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن‬.‫ﺻﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن ﻛﺒﻴﺮة اﻟﻘﻄﺮ‬
large number of smaller diameter bars 300 ‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن‬
is preferable to small number of larger ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻔﺎدي اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻘﻀﺒﺎن ﻛﺒﻴﺮة‬.‫ﻣﻠﻢ‬
diameter bars. The maximum spacing .‫اﻟﻘﻄﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻷﻗﺴﺎم‬
258
between the bars shall be limited to

300 mm. Large diameter bars shall be
avoided in thin sections. ‫اﻟﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ 
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ o
 Construction Practice ‫وﺗﻨﺒﻊ أﻫﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺰز‬ 
o Curing ‫ وﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺨﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
 Curing is essential to develop the ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻠﻴﻂ ﻣﻀﺎف ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ أﻛﺜﺮ‬
potential properties of concrete. ‫ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺗﻄﻮر ﻗﻮة‬.‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬
Concrete containing mineral ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﺰوﺟﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺎد اﻟﺮﻣﺎد اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮ أﺑﻄﺄ‬
admixtures is more sensitive to ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ﻓﺘﺮة‬
curing. Strength development of fly ‫ أﻣﺎ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﻤﺰوﺟﺔ ﺑﺪﺧﺎن‬.‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ أﻃﻮل‬
ash blended cement concrete is ‫ﻓﺘﺰﻳﺪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﺼﺪع ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻴ‬
slower than plain concrete and hence, ‫اﻧﻜﻤﺎش اﻟﻠﺪوﻧﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻄﻮر ﻗﻮﺗﻬﺎ ﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ‬
a prolonged curing period is required. ‫ وﻟﺬا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺮوري ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬.‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮة‬
Silica fume blended cement concrete ‫ ﻳﻜﻮن‬.‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻜﻔﺎءة ﺧﻼل اﻷﻳﺎم اﻷوﻟﻰ‬
has higher potential of cracking due to ‫ﻣﻌﺪل ﺗﻄﻮر ﻗﻮة اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
plastic shrinkage and its strength ‫دﺧﺎن اﻟﺴﻠﻴ إﻣﺎ ﻣﺴﺎٍو ﻟﻤﻌﺪل اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
development is sensitive to early .‫اﻟﺨﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ دﺧﺎن اﻟﺴﻠﻴ أو أﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻨﻪ‬
curing. Therefore, efficient curing
during early days is required. The rate
of strength development of concrete
containing silica fume is either equal
to or better than concrete without
silica fume. ‫ ﻳﻮﻣًﺎ‬14 ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻓﺘﺮة اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻋﻦ‬ 
‫ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
 The minimum curing period shall be ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ‬، ٍ ‫ وﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫أو اﻟﺨﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫دﺧﺎن اﻟﺴﻠﻴ‬
14 days for all reinforced concrete ‫ ﻳﻮﻣًﺎ‬21‫ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ إﻟﻰ‬
with and without silica fume. However, ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻣﺎد اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮ ﻛﺨﻠﻴﻂ‬
the minimum curing period shall be .‫ﻣﻀﺎف ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬
extended to 21 days for concrete
containing fly ash as mineral
admixture. ‫ﺻﺐ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺟﻮاء اﻟﺤﺎرة‬ o
‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎط ﻋﻨﺪ ﺻﺐ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻷﺟﻮاء‬ 
o Hot Weather Concreting ACI ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ اﺗﺒﺎع اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎت اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ‬.‫اﻟﺤﺎرة‬
 Precautions shall be taken for ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ‬."‫ "ﺻﺐ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺟﻮاء اﻟﺤﺎرة‬305R
concreting during hot weather. 30 ‫أن ﺗﻜﻮن درﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﻢ‬
Recommendations provided by ACI .‫درﺟﺔ ﻣﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬
305R "Hot Weather Concreting" shall
be followed. The temperature of
concrete at delivery shall be limited to ‫ﺣﺪود اﻟ ﻮرﻳﺪ واﻟﻜﺒﺮﻳﺘﺎت‬ o
30°C.
259
o Chloride and Sulphate Limits ACI 318‫ﺗﻮﺻﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﺴﻌﻮدي و‬ 
 The SBC and ACI 318 recommend ‫ﺑﺄن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺴﺘﻮى أﻳﻮﻧﺎت اﻟ ﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟﺬاﺋﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
maximum water soluble chloride ion ASTM ‫ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﺎس وﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬،‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬
content, as measured in accordance ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬%15 ‫ ﻣﺴﺎوﻳًﺎ ﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬،C1218
with ASTM C1218, of 0.15% by weight ‫اﻟﻼزم ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻈﺮوف‬
of cement for reinforced concrete ‫ وﺗﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ إﻟﻰ‬.‫ﻮرﻳﺪ ﺣﺎدة ﺟﺪًا‬
exposed to very severe chloride .‫ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬0.06
exposure. This limit is reduced to
0.06% for pre-stressed concrete.
‫( ﻓﻲ اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬S03) ‫أﻣﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻜﺒﺮﻳﺘﺎت‬ 
 Sulphate (S03) content of cement ASTM C150 ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
allowed by ASTM C150 is 3% for Type ‫ ﻟﻠﻨﻮع اﻷول ﻣﻦ اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﻓﻲ‬%3 ‫ﻓﻴﺴﺎوي‬
I cement with C3A content of 8% and ‫ أو أﻗﻞ‬%8 ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪود‬C3A ‫ﺣﻴﻦ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺤﺘﻮى‬
less, and 3.5% for C3A content of ‫ وﻳﻌﺎدل‬.%8 ‫ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ‬C3A ‫ ﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮى‬%3.5‫و‬
more than 8%. This is equivalent to .(SO4) ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﻜﺒﺮﻳﺘﺎت‬%4 ‫ذﻟﻚ ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ‬
about 4% of SO4 content. Therefore, ‫وﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻟﺴﻠﻔﺎت‬
SO4 content of hardened concrete %4 ‫( ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬SO4)
shall be limited to a maximum of 4% ‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ وﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
for all concrete (reinforced and .‫اﻟﺴﻮاء‬
unreinforced).
‫ﻧﻔﺎذﻳﺔ اﻟ ﻮرﻳﺪ‬ o
o Chloride Permeability ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺟﺮاءات‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ُﺗﻘﺎس‬ ،‫اﻟ ﻮرﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺎذﻳﺔ‬ 
 Chloride permeability, as measured ‫ ﻫﻲ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬،AASHTO T277 ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
by procedures described in AASHTO ‫ ﺗﺘﺮاوح‬.‫ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﺠﻮدة اﻷﻣﺜﻞ ﻟﺘﺤﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
T277, is a convenient quality control ‫ﻗﻴﻢ ﻧﻔﺎذﻳﺔ اﻟ ﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ذات‬
test for concrete durability. Typical ‫ ﻣﻌّﺪة وﻓﻘﺎ‬0.40 ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﻴﺎه إﻟﻰ إﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬
values of chloride permeability for ‫ ﺑﺈﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع‬ASTM C150 ‫ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
0.40 water cement ratio concrete ‫ أﻣﺎ‬.‫ ﻛﻮﻟﻮﻣﺒﺲ‬5,000 ‫ إﻟﻰ‬3,500 ‫ ﺑﻴﻦ‬،‫اﻷول‬
made with ASTM C150 Type I cement ‫ ﻣﻦ‬%10 ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
varies from 3500-5000 Coulombs. ‫ إﻟﻰ‬500 ‫ﻓﺘﺘﺮاوح اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫دﺧﺎن اﻟﺴﻠﻴ‬
These values for 10% silica fume ‫ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺤﺪ‬.‫ ﻛﻮﻟﻮﻣﺒﺲ‬1,000
concrete range from 500-1000 ،‫اﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻟﻨﻔﺎذﻳﺔ اﻟ ﻮرﻳﺪ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ‬
Coulombs. Therefore, the maximum ‫اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺎد اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮ واﻟﻤﺨﻠﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﺪﺧﺎن‬
chloride permeability for plain, fly ash, 1,000‫ و‬2,000 ،4,000 ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻠﻴ‬
and silica fume concrete shall be .‫ﻛﻮﻟﻮﻣﺒﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﻮاﻟﻲ‬
4,000, 2,000, and 1,000 Coulomb
respectively.
(‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ )ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ o
o Mass Concrete ‫ﻳﺰﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺼﺪع اﻟﻤﻔﺮط اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺼﺐ ﻏﻴﺮ‬ 
 Excessive cracking that occurs as a ‫اﻟﺠﻴﺪ واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
result of improper casting and curing ‫ﺑﺪرﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ دﺧﻮل اﻟﻤﻠﻮﺛﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬
260
of mass concrete significantly ‫ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺴّﺮع وﺟﻮد اﻟﺘﺼﺪﻋﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬.‫أﻛﺒﺮ‬

increases the ingress of corrosive .‫اﻟﺘﺪﻫﻮر‬
contaminants. The presence of
cracks can rapidly accelerate the
deterioration process.
‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻔﺎدي إﻋﺪاد اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺴﺐ‬ 
 The configuration of structural ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ‬.‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﺎدﻳﺔ‬
elements with proportions that qualify "‫أن ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔة ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ "اﻟﺮواﻓﺪ واﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬
as mass concrete shall be avoided. ،‫ ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ أﻣﻜﻦ ذﻟﻚ‬،"‫أو "ﺗﻨﺎﻇﺮ اﻟﺮواﻓﺪ‬
Engineering shall employ "strut and ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ دون ﺣﺪود‬
tie" or "truss analogy" techniques, .‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ‬
where applicable, to keep member
sizes below the mass concrete
threshold.
1 ‫أي ﻋﻨﺼﺮ إﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز أﻗﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻟﻪ‬ 
 Any concrete structural element for ‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺨﻀﻊ‬
which the least dimension exceeds 1 ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ذﻛﺮ‬.‫ﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﻫﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬
m shall be considered mass concrete ‫وﺟﻮد اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
and shall be subject to the ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻪ اﻟﺨﺼﻮص‬
requirements of this subsection. The .‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﻄﻄﺎت اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ‬
presence of mass concrete shall be ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎت ﺻﺐ‬
declared in the general concrete .‫وﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ‬
notes and specifically identified on
the plans of the construction
drawings. Instructions for casting and
curing the mass concrete shall be
provided in the notes.
‫( ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻬﺪ‬207) ‫وﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ‬ 
 Mass concrete is defined by ACI ‫اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﺎدﻳﺔ ﻫﻲ‬
Committee 207 as "any volume of ‫"أي ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺄﺑﻌﺎد ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﺑﺤﻴﺚ‬
concrete with dimensions large ‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ أﺧﺬ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻤﺎﺷﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
enough to require that measures be ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮوﻳﺔ اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ وﺗﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻖ‬
taken to cope with the generation of ."‫ﻟﻠﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺼﺪع‬
heat from hydration of cement and
attendant volume change to minimize
cracking."
‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﺻﺐ وﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ 
 Casting and curing of mass concrete ACI ‫واﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻤﺎء‬
elements shall comply with the .207.4‫ و‬,207.1R, 207.2R
recommendations and provisions of
ACI 207.1R, 207.2R, and 207.4. ‫ﺗﺪاﺑﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ 
261
 Additional Protection Measures ‫وﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻲ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن‬
Depending on the design service life ‫ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬.‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀﺮوري ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬
requirement, it may be necessary to provide ‫اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻲ‬
additional protection systems. Some of the .‫ﺑﺎﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ وﻃﻼء ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ واﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‬
commonly used measures are using fusion ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ أو ﻣﻘﺎول اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬/‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬
bonded epoxy (FBE) coated reinforcement, ‫واﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎت واﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﻌﺮض واﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬
concrete surface coating, and cathodic .‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻲ وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ إﺟﺮاءات اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ‬
protection. The A/E and/or EPC Contractor
shall assess the exposure conditions and the
design life and decide upon the required
additional protection measures.
‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬7.3.5
7.3.5SUMMARY OF GUIDELINES FOR PROTECTION
OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES ‫ ﺑﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻷدﻟﺔ‬،‫أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ ﻓﻲ‬،‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺘﻘﻴﺪ‬ 
 The guidelines on water-cementitious material ،‫اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺘﻴﺔ‬
ratio, compressive strength, cement content, ‫ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ‬،‫ اﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﻣﺤﺘﻮى اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬،‫ﻗﻮة اﻹﻧﻀﻐﺎط‬
cover, crack control, reinforcement detailing, ‫ ﺻﺐ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬،‫ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬،‫ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬،‫اﻟﺘﺼﺪﻋﺎت‬
curing, hot weather concreting, chloride and ‫ ﺣﺪود اﻟ ﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟﻜﺒﺮﻳﺘﺎت وﻧﻔﺎذﻳﺔ‬،‫ﻓﻲ اﻷﺟﻮاء اﻟﺤﺎرة‬
Sulphate limits, and chloride permeability shall .‫اﻟ ﻮرﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﺎ ورد ﻓﻲ اﻷﻗﺴﺎم أﻋﻼه‬
be followed for all concrete as discussed in the
above sections.
‫( ﻣﻠﺨﺺ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬1-7) ‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺠﺪول‬ 
 A summary of the guidelines for protection of .‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
concrete structures is given in TABLE 7.1
‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬7.1 ‫اﻟﺠﺪول‬

TABLE 7.1 SUMMARY OF GUIDELINES FOR PROTECTION OF CONCRETE STRUCTURE
‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع اﻻﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻇﺮوف اﻟﺘﻌﺮض‬ ‫رﻗﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
Additional Type of Cement Exposure ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ‬
Structure
protection reinforcement type condition S no.
‫ﻲ )ﻳﻘﻊ‬
ّ ‫ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﻓْﻮﻗ‬
‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬500 ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
(‫ﻣﻦ ﺷﺎﻃﺊ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻄﻠﻲ‬ 1 ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬ ‫اﻟﺠّﻮ‬
Superstructures 1
None Uncoated Type 1 Atmosphere
(located 500 mm
away from sea
shores)
‫ﻃﻼء ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻲ )ﻳﻘﻊ‬
ّ ‫ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﻓْﻮﻗ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻄﻠﻲ‬ ‫ زاﺋﺪًا‬1 ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬ ‫اﻟﺠّﻮ‬
Concrete surface ‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬500 ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ 2
Uncoated ‫ﻣﺰﻳﺞ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬ Atmosphere
coating (‫ﻣﻦ ﺷﺎﻃﺊ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
262

Structure
Type1 plus Superstructures
mineral (located within
admixtures 500 mm from sea
shores)
‫ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻄﻠﻲ‬ 1 ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬ ‫اﻟﺠّﻮ‬ ‫ﻓ ﻮ ﻗﻴ ﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬
3
None Uncoated Type 1 Atmosphere Superstructures
،‫أﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ اﻟﻌﺒﺎرات‬،‫اﻟﺠﺴﻮر‬
‫وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
‫ زاﺋﺪًا‬1 ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬
‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬/‫ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ )اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫)اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ردم‬
‫ﻏﺸﺎء ﻋﺎزل ﻟﻠﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺰﻳﺞ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬
Fbe ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻲ ﺑﻤﺎدة‬ (‫اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ (‫ ﻣﺘﺮ‬0.5 ‫ﺑﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬
Waterproofing Type1 plus 4
Fbe coated Buried ( soil / Foundations of
membrane mineral
groundwater) buildings, bridges,
admixtures
culverts and other
structures (buried
with min 0.5 m fill)
‫ﻣﻐﻤﻮر ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎء اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻬﺒﻄﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ زاﺋﺪًا‬1 ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬
‫أو ﻣﻼﻣﺲ ﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﻠﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﻳﺞ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻄﻠﻲ‬ Immersed in ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬
Impressed Type1 plus 5
Uncoated seawater or in- All reinforced
current cathodic mineral
contact with concrete
protection admixtures
seawater
‫ﻏﺸﺎء ﻋﺎزل ﻟﻠﻤﺎء‬
‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ‬
‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬150 ‫أﻋﻤﻖ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻮق ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض‬
‫وﻃﻼء ﺳﻄﺤﺎﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ ﺟﺰﺋﻴًﺎ‬
Waterproofing ‫وﻣﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻮاﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺰﻳﺞ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬
membrane for Fbe ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻲ ﺑﻤﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫دﻋﺎﻣﺎت اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬
Type1 plus 6
concrete buried Fbe coated Partially buried Pipe supports
mineral
up to 150 mm and exposed to
admixtures
above ground atmosphere
level and
concrete surface
coating for
exposed
concrete
263

Structure
‫اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬/‫ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ )اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ Fbe ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻲ ﺑﻤﺎدة‬ (‫اﻟﺠﻮﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬
Type1 plus 7
None Fbe coated Buried ( soil / Piles
mineral
groundwater)
admixtures
‫ﻃﻼء ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﻳﺞ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺮف وﻏﺮف اﻟﺘﻔﺘﻴﺶ‬
Fbe ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻲ ﺑﻤﺎدة‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ‬
Concrete surface Type1 plus Chamber & 8
Fbe coated Buried
coating mineral manholes
admixtures
‫اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ زاﺋﺪًا‬1 ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬ ‫ﻏﺮف ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻣﻴﺎه‬
‫ﻃﻼء ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﻳﺞ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬ ‫ ﻛﻴﻤﺎوﻳﺎت‬/ ‫ﻣﻴﺎه ﺻﺮف‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺮف واﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎوﻳﺎت‬
Fbe ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻲ ﺑﻤﺎدة‬
Concrete surface Type1 plus Waste water / Interior of 9
Fbe coated
coating mineral chemicals chambers
admixtures handling waste
water & chemicals
‫ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬/ ‫ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺸﺮب‬
‫ﻃﻼء ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﻳﺞ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬
Fbe ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻲ ﺑﻤﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ (‫ﺧﺰاﻧﺎت )داﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
Concrete surface Type1 plus 10
Fbe coated Potable / Tanks (internal)
coating mineral
reclaimed water
admixtures
‫ﻏﺸﺎء ﻋﺎزل ﻟﻠﻤﺎء‬
‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ‬
‫ ﻣﻠﻢ‬150 ‫أﻋﻤﻖ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻮق ﺳﻄﺢ اﻷرض‬
‫وﻃﻼء ﺳﻄﺤﺎﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻓﺔ‬
Waterproofing ‫ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬/ ‫ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺸﺮب‬ ‫ﺧﺰاﻧﺎت )ﺳﻔﻠﻴﺔ‬
membrane for Fbe ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻲ ﺑﻤﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ (‫وﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬
Type1 plus 11
concrete buried Fbe coated Potable / Tanks (bottom &
mineral
up to 150 mm reclaimed water external)
admixtures
above ground
level and
concrete surface
coating for
exposed
concrete
264

Structure
‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫ زاﺋﺪًا‬1 ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬ ‫)ﻓﺮﺷﺎت ﻃﻴﻨﻴﺔ وﻛﺘﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺰﻳﺞ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ‬ (‫إرﺳﺎء‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻈﺮوف‬
Type1 plus Unreinforced 12
None None All conditions
mineral concrete ( mud-
admixtures mats & anchor
blocks)
7.4 PROTECTION OF STEEL STRUCTURES ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ ‫ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬7.4

The guidelines provided herein include steel framed ‫اﻟﻤﺆﻃﺮة ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ اﻟﻮاردة ﻫﻨﺎ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
structures (such as buildings, pipe racks, bridges ‫ اﻟﺠﺴﻮر وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ( واﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت‬،‫ ﺣﺎﻣﻼت اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬،‫)ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬
etc.), tanks, vessels, and piles. .‫واﻷوﻋﻴﺔ واﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬
7.4.2 FORMS OF CORROSION OF STEEL ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬ ‫ أﺷ ل ﺗﺂ‬7.4.2

7.4.2.1 GALVANIC CORROSION ‫اﻟﺠﻠﻔﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ اﻟﺘﺂ‬7.4.2.1
Galvanic corrosion occurs when two dissimilar metals ‫اﻟﺠﻠﻔﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻼﻣﺲ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪث اﻟﺘﺂ‬
come in contact in a conducting corrosive ‫ وﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ اﻻﺧﺘﻼف ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﻦ ﻓﻲ‬. ‫ﻣﻮﺻﻠﺔ وﻣﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬
environment. The corrosion is stimulated by the ‫ وﻳﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺪن اﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻃًﺎ ﻛﻘﻄﺐ‬. ‫ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ وﺗﻨﺸﻴﻂ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺂ‬
potential difference that exists between the two .(‫ﻣﻮﺟﺐ )أﻧﻮد( ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻳﺆدي اﻵﺧﺮ دور اﻟﻘﻄﺐ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ )اﻟ ﺛﻮد‬
metals. The more active metal acts as anode and the
other acts as cathode.
Galvanic corrosion can be minimized by selecting ‫اﻟﺠﻠﻔﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎر أزواج ﻣﻌﺎدن ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
suitable metal couples in system design. If sufficient ‫ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﻋﺪم اﻟﺨﺒﺮة اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻷزواج‬.‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬
experience is not available to select compatible ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺰل‬.‫اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ اﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
couples, the selection may be confirmed through ‫ وإذا ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ‬.‫ ﺑﻌﺎزل ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬،‫ ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ‬،‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎدن اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
laboratory testing. Wherever dissimilar metals are ‫اﻟﻌﺰل ﺧﻴﺎرًا ﻋﻤﻠﻴًﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
used, they shall be separated electrically with an ‫ ﻳﻔﻀﻞ ﻋﺰل اﻟﻘﻄﺐ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻘﻂ أو ﺎ اﻟﻘﻄﺒﻴﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ‬.‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
electrical insulator. When insulation is not practical, ‫واﻟﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﺼﻮرٍة ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﻔﺎدﻳًﺎ ﻟﺘﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﺔ‬
the area ratio method may be used in the design. .‫اﻟﺠﻠﻔﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﺂ‬
Coating the cathode only, or coating both the anode
and the cathode, is generally preferable to avoid the
unfavorable area ratio effect in a galvanic corrosion
situation.
7.4.2.2 PITTING ‫ اﻟﺘﻨّﻘﺮ‬7.4.2.2
265
Pitting corrosion is localized accelerated dissolution ‫اﻟﺘﻨّﻘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﺗﺤﻠﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺪن ﻳﺤﺪث ﻧﺘﻴﺠًﺔ‬ ُ‫ﺗﺂ‬
of metal that occurs as a result of a breakdown of the ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻔﺎدي اﻟﺘﻨّﻘﺮ أو‬.‫ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻞ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﻮاﻗﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﻌﺪن‬
otherwise protective passive film on the metal ‫اﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﺘﻐﻠﻴﻒ أﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدن واﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻒ اﻟﺪوري واﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
surface. Pitting can be avoided/minimized by coating .‫أﺷ ل ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺗﻤﻨﻊ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ اﻟﺴﻮاﺋﻞ واﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‬
the metal surfaces, periodic cleaning and designing
shapes that prevent liquids or solids to collect.
7.4.2.3 CREVICE CORROSION ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻘﻘﻲ‬ ‫ اﻟﺘﺂ‬7.4.2.3

Crevice corrosion refers to corrosion occurring in ‫اﻟﺬي ﻳﺤﺪث ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮرة‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻘﻘﻲ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﺂ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
confined spaces to which the access of the working ‫ وﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﺬه‬.‫ﻳﻜﻮن وﺻﻮل اﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﺤﺪودًا‬
fluid from the environment is limited. These spaces ‫ وﻣﻦ أﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﺘﺸﻘﻘﺎت اﻟﻔﺠﻮات‬.‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎدة ﻓﺠﻮات‬
are generally called crevices. Examples of crevices ‫ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘﻤﺎس ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﺟﺰاء وﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺤﺸﻴﺎت أو ﻣﺎﻧﻌﺎت اﻟﺘﺴﺮب‬
are gaps in contact areas between parts, under ‫وداﺧﻞ اﻟﺸﻘﻮق واﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎت وﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺎت اﻟﻤﻠﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺳﺒﺎت‬
gaskets or seals, inside cracks and seams, in spaces ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻘﻘﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺪ‬ ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻔﺎدي اﻟﺘﺂ‬.‫وﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺘﺮﺳﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺮاﻛﻤﺔ‬
filled with deposits, and under sludge piles. Crevice ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎت واﻟﻔﺠﻮات وﺳﺪﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
corrosion can be avoided by minimizing and sealing ‫ وﻳﺴﺘﺤﺴﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻮﻣﺔ‬. ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪن ﻗﺎﺑًﻼ ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬
crevices and cavities where the metal is susceptible ‫اﻟﻤﺰدوﺟﺔ واﻟﻠﺤﺎم اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻞ أو ﻣﻮاد ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺜﻘﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﺰل ﻓﺘﺤﺎت‬
to corrosion. The use of double butt or double lap .‫اﻟﻔﺠﻮات‬
weld joints, continuous welds, or nonporous filler
materials is recommended to seal the crevice
openings.
7.4.2.4 INTERGRANULAR CORROSION ‫ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎت‬ ‫ اﻟﺘﺄ‬7.4.2.4

Intergranular corrosion, also known as intergranular ‫ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎت اﻟﺬي ُﻳﻌﺮف أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻬﺠﻮم ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄ‬
attack, is a form of corrosion where the boundaries of ‫ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻴﻪ اﻟﺒﻠﻮرات اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺎدة‬ ‫ﻣﻦ أﺷ ل اﻟﺘﺂ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﺷ‬
crystallites of the material are more susceptible to ‫ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺤﺪث ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬.‫أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬
corrosion than their insides. This situation can ‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﻨﺰاف‬ ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﺒﺎﺋﻚ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﻔﺘﺮض أﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬
happen in otherwise corrosion- resistant alloys, when ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺟﺰاء‬،‫ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻜﺮوم‬،‫ﻟﺴﺒٍﺐ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺎﻧﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬
the grain boundaries of the corrosion-inhibiting ‫ وﻟﻠﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻟﺘﺄ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺤﺒﻴﺒﺎت ﻳﺠﺐ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻌﺪن‬.‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬
elements are depleted, such as chromium by some .‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ وﻣﻮاد ﻣﻞء اﻟﻠﺤﺎم ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ‬
mechanism. To minimize the effects of intergranular ‫ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪات اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﻤﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻛﺠﺰء ﻣﻦ‬،‫ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻀﺮورة‬،‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
corrosion, the base metal and weld filler material shall ‫ ﺗﺠﺐ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﻤﻬﻨﺪس‬،‫ وﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻮاد‬
be selected to be compatible with the specific ‫أو ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدن ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
environment. Laboratory tests, if necessary, may be ‫ﻣﻦ إﺟﺮاءات اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد وﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﻤﻌﺎدن‬
specified as part of the materials selection process. . ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
Additionally, a qualified corrosion or metallurgical
engineer shall be consulted on the need of other
control measures such as stress relieving and heat
treatment of susceptible metals.
7.4.2.5 STRAY CURRENT CORROSION ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎرات اﻟﺸﺎردة‬ ‫ ﺗﺂ‬7.4.2.5
266
Stray current corrosion, also called interference ‫اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻠﻲ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺘﺂ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎرات اﻟﺸﺎردة أو اﻟﺘﺂ‬ ‫ﺗﺂ‬
corrosion, is corrosion caused by direct current from ‫وﺟﻮد ﺗﻴﺎر ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺪر ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻋﺒﺮ ﻣﺴﺎرات ﺧﻼف اﻟﺪارة‬
an external source that travels through paths other ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺴﺎرع ﻋﻦ ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﺘﺂ‬.‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﻪ‬
than the intended circuit. Accelerated corrosion may ‫ وﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻹﺟﺮاءات‬.‫ﻣﻌﻴﻦ وﺗﻔﺮﻳﻐﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻫﻴ‬
result if the current is collected by a structure and ‫واﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﻣﺘﺴﺎوي اﻟﺠﻬﺪ واﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
discharges to the soil. Preventive measures include .‫أو اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‬
electrical insulation of the structure, equipotential
bonding, shielding, or cathodic protection.
7.4.3 GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR CORROSION ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬ ‫ أدﻟﺔ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺂ‬7.4.3
CONTROL OF STEEL
7.4.3.1 GENERAL ‫ ﻋﺎم‬7.4.3.1
Steel structures shall be designed to resist the ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻇﺮوف اﻟﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
exposure conditions to achieve the intended design ‫ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬. ‫ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﺪف ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
service life of the structure. The most commonly used ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
method of design and construction of durable steel .‫ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ وﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬،‫ اﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻒ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻲ‬،‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬
structures involve material selection, protective
coatings, cathodic protection, and environment
treatment.
7.4.3.2 MATERIAL SELECTION ‫ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻮاد‬7.4.3.2

Material selection shall consider the service ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺄﺧﺬ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻮاد ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻇﺮوف اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ‬
conditions to which the structure will be exposed to ‫وﻟﻬﺬا ﺗﺠﺐ اﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﻤﻬﻨﺪس ﻣﻌﺎدن‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻬﺎ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
and shall involve a qualified metallurgical engineer. ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أﻳﻀًﺎ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺂ‬.‫ﻣﺆﻫﻞ‬
Suitable corrosion protection techniques shall be .‫واﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻒ‬ ‫أن ﻳﺨﺘﺎرﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
selected by a qualified corrosion control and coatings
specialist.
Following guidelines shall be followed in selection of :‫وﻳﺠﺐ اﺗﺒﺎع اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻮاد‬
materials:
 Materials Selection Process ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ 
Most corrosion patterns are not uniform but highly .‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺴﺔ ﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺑﺪرﺟﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ أﻧﻤﺎط اﻟﺘﺂ‬
localized. Therefore, it is important that all materials ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻬﻢ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻮاد ﻟﻤﻌﺪﻻت اﻻﺧﺘﺮاق‬،‫وﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ‬
be evaluated on maximum penetration rates ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ‬.‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺼﻮى ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
especially when considering structures containing ‫ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﺪﻻت‬،‫اﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺒﺪال اﻟﺴﺒﺎﺋﻚ اﻟﺜﻤﻴﻨﺔ‬
products. Care shall be taken when substituting more ‫ًا ﻷن ﻧﻤﻂ اﻟﻌﺠﺰ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﻜﻮن رﺛﻴًﺎ‬،‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺟﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺂ‬
noble alloys; while general corrosion rates are .(‫ إﻟﺦ‬،‫اﻹﺟﻬﺎدي أو اﻟﺠﻔﺎف اﻟﻬﻴﺪروﺟﻴﻨﻲ‬ ‫)أي ﺗﺸﻘﻖ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
substantially lower, the mode of failure can be
catastrophic (i.e. stress corrosion cracking, hydrogen
embrittlement, etc.).
‫اﻟﺠﻠﻔﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺂ‬ 
267
 Galvanic Corrosion ‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻮاد ﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ وﺣﺪٍة ﻣﺎ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻮاد ﺟﺴﻢ‬
When selecting materials for various components of ‫وأﻃﺮاف اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت أو أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ( ﻳﺠﺐ اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎط ﻟﻀﻤﺎن‬
a unit (ex. body and trim materials for valves or ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬.‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺘﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﻠﻔﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
connecting pipework), care shall be taken to ensure ‫اﻟﻌﺎزﻻت اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ واﻷﻏﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻌﺎزﻟﺔ ﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدن اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻦ‬
use of galvanically compatible materials. Electrical ‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﺰل ﻣﺠﺪﻳًﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬.‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬
insulators and insulating sleeves shall be used to .‫اﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺒﺎﺋﻚ اﻟﺜﻤﻴﻨﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺮﺑﻂ أو اﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬
separate dissimilar metals from each other. In cases
where providing insulation is not feasible, more noble
metals shall be used for joining or fastening.
‫اﻟﺴﺒﺎﺋﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ‬ 
 Ferrous Alloys ‫اﻟﺴﺒﺎﺋﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ أو‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ أن ﺗﺘﺂ‬
Ferrous alloys that are buried in soil or exposed to ‫ وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﺠﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬.‫أﺳﺮع‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻈﺮوف ﺑﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﻤﻌﺪﻻت ﺗﺂ‬
marine environment are expected to corrode at ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼء أو اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺴﺒﺎﺋﻚ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﺿﺪ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
higher rates. Therefore, such ferrous alloys shall be .‫اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‬
protected against corrosion by coating or cathodic
protection.
‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﻔﻦ‬ 
 Galvanized Steel ‫ﻻ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ أن ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﺠﻠﻔﻨﺔ ﻟﻮﺣﺪﻫﺎ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎدن ﻓﻲ‬
Galvanizing alone cannot be expected to provide ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ اﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎم‬.‫اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ أو اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ أو اﻟﻐﺎﻃﺴﺔ‬
adequate protection for metals in outdoor, buried, or ‫ﺑﺸ ٍ ﺧﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﻔﻨﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ‬
submerged applications. Particular attention shall be .‫ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴًﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻫﻴ ﺻﺨﻢ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﺠﻠﻔﻨﺔ ﻗﺪر ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺰاﻳﺎ‬
given to conditions where galvanized components ‫ن اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﻔﻦ ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻧًﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ أو ﻣﻌﺮﺿًﺎ ﻟﻠﺮذاذ‬ ‫وإذا‬
are electrically continuous with a large structure, .‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼء أو اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺠﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘﻪ ﺿﺪ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
since the galvanizing will provide very little advantage.
Wherever galvanized steel is buried in soil or exposed
to the splash zone or below, it shall be protected
against corrosion by coating or cathodic protection.
‫اﻷﻟﻤﻨﻴﻮم‬ 
 Aluminum ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺪم دﻓﻦ اﻷﻟﻤﻨﻴﻮم أو دﻣﺠﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ أو ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺴﻪ ﻓﻲ‬
Aluminum shall not be buried, embedded in concrete, .‫اﻟﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﺎﻟﺢ أو اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺞ ﺑﺎﻟ ﻮر‬
or submerged in brine or chlorinated water.
‫ اﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ‬7.4.3.3
7.4.3.3 PROTECTIVE COATINGS ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻫﻲ اﻟﺪﻫﺎن أو‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﻄﺮق ﺷﻴﻮﻋًﺎ ﻟﻤﻨﻊ ﺗﺂ‬
Application of protective coatings is the most ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻘﺘﺮﻧﺔ ﺑﺄﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ‬،‫ وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫اﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ‬
commonly used method for corrosion protection of ‫ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ اﻷﻗﺴﺎم اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬.‫أﺧﺮى ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‬
steel structures. Coatings may be used in .‫ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻫﺎن أو اﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻲ‬
conjunction with other methods, such as cathodic
protection. Discussion on protective coatings is
provided in detail the following sections. ‫ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‬7.4.3.4
7.4.3.4 CATHODIC PROTECTION
268
Cathodic protection is one of the most commonly ُ‫اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ إﺣﺪى أﻛﺜﺮ اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺂ‬
used methods for corrosion protection of steel ‫ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬. ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﻈﺮوف اﻟﻤﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
structures exposed to aggressive conditions. .‫اﻷﻗﺴﺎم اﻟﻼﺣﻘﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‬
Discussion on cathodic protection is provided in
detail the following sections.
7.4.3.5 ENVIRONMENTAL TREATMENT ‫ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬7.4.3.5

The treatment of environment shall be viewed as part ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺟﺰًء ﻣﻦ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ أداء‬
of an overall strategy to enhance the performance of ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮق اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻮع اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬
a system. Several control methods may be adopted, ‫ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻃﺮق اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮوﻓﺔ ﻧﺰع‬.‫واﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺆدﻳﻬﺎ‬
depending on the type and function of the systems. ‫اﻷوﻛﺴﺠﻴﻦ وﺗﺪﻳﻞ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻮﺿﺔ واﻟﺘﺠﻔﻴﻒ وﻧﺰع اﻟﻤﺎء واﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
Typical treatment methods are oxygen removal, pH ‫ﻓﻲ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة واﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ وإﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﺜﺒﻄﺎت‬
adjustment, dehydration, water removal, velocity ‫واﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺒﻴﺪات اﻟﺒﻜﺘﺮﻳﺎ واﻟﻤﺒﻴﺪات اﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ وإزاﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاد‬
control, sludge removal, temperature control, .‫اﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ وﻏﻴﺮ ذﻟﻚ‬
pressure control, addition of inhibitors, use of
biocides and bactericides, entrained solid removal,
etc.
7.4.4 GUIDELINES FOR CORROSION CONTROL OF ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺂ‬7.4.4
STEEL STRUCTURES
o Steel structures exposed to ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
atmosphere shall be protected by hot ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻠﻔﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻤﺮ اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ أو‬
dip galvanizing or protective coating. ‫ وﻣﻦ أﻧﺴﺐ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻄﻼء‬.‫اﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ‬
The most suitable coating is epoxy ‫اﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻮﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬
with a top coat of polyurethane. .‫ﻳﻮرﻳﺜﻴﻦ‬
o Buried steel structures shall be ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺠﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o

protected by protective coating and .‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ واﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‬
cathodic protection.
o Steel structures immersed in potable ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻐﻤﻮرة ﻓﻲ ﻣﻴﺎه‬ ‫أﻣﺎ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o

and reclaimed water shall be ‫اﻟﺸﺮب واﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻓﺘﺠﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ‬
protected by protective coating, the ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ وأﻧﺴﺐ أﻧﻮاﻋﻪ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﻐﺮض ﻫﻮ‬
most suitable coating being epoxy. .‫اﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
o Steel structures exposed to seawater ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
or other corrosive environment shall ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺮ أو أي ﺑﻴﺌﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻣﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬
be protected by protective coating .‫اﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‬
plus cathodic protection.
269
o Stainless steel structures exposed to ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺼﺪأ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ ﻫﻴﺎ‬ o
seawater shall also be protected with .‫ﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻓﺘﺠﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‬
cathodic protection.
 Steel Framed Structures ‫اﻟﻤﺆﻃﺮة ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 

o Structures shall be designed to ‫ﺑﺼﻮرٍة ﺗﺰﻳﻞ أو ﺗﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ أي‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
eliminate or minimize crevices and ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺎت أو ﻓﺠﻮات أو ﺳﻤﺎت ﺗﺆدي إﻟﻰ اﺣﺘﺒﺎس‬
features that trap and hold dust and ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺰل ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻔﺠﻮات‬.‫اﻟﻐﺒﺎر أو اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬
water. All crevices shall be suitably .‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﺔ‬
sealed.
o Steel framed structures shall not be ‫اﻟﻤﺆﻃﺮة ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻮﻻذ ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺪم دﻓﻦ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
buried and shall be protected against ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺿﺪ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
atmospheric corrosion by protective ‫ وﻣﻦ أﻧﺴﺐ أﻧﻮاع‬.‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﻲ‬
coatings. The most suitable coating is ‫اﻟﻄﻼء اﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻮﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
epoxy with a top coat of polyurethane. .‫اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ ﻳﻮرﻳﺜﻴﻦ‬
o Steel members shall be embedded in ‫ﻳﺠﺐ دﻣﺞ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ o

concrete foundation. A base plate with ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻮح ﻗﺎﻋﺪي ﺑﻨﻘﺎط‬.‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
anchors into the concrete foundation ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻒ‬.‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﺎس اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬
shall be used. The exposed anchor ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ اﻟَﺘْﺜﺒﻴﺖ اﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻄﻼء‬
bolts shall also be coated with the .‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ‬
protective coating.
o Provision shall be made for inspection ‫وﻳﺠﺐ اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎط ﻟﻔﺤﺺ وإﻋﺎدة ﻃﻼء اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
and re-coating of the structures after .‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎء اﻟﻌﻤﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻄﻼء‬
the design life of the coating is
exhausted.
 Tanks and Vessels ‫اﻟﺼﻬﺎرﻳﺞ واﻷوﻋﻴﺔ‬ 

o Tanks and vessels shall be protected .‫ﺗﺠﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺼﻬﺎرﻳﺞ واﻷوﻋﻴﺔ داﺧﻠﻴًﺎ وﺧﺎرﺟﻴًﺎ‬ o
internally as well as externally.
o Design of vessels shall include ‫وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ‬ o
eliminating or minimizing crevices. All ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺰل ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬.‫اﻟﻔﺠﻮات أو اﻟﺤﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
crevices shall be suitably sealed. .‫اﻟﻔﺠﻮات ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﺔ‬
o Internal of potable and reclaimed ‫أﻣﺎ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬ o
water storage steel tanks shall be ‫اﻟﺸﺮب واﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻓﺘﺠﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ‬
protected by protective coatings. The ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ وأﻧﺴﺐ أﻧﻮاﻋﻪ ﻟﻬﺬا اﻟﻐﺮض ﻫﻮ‬
most suitable coating is epoxy. .‫اﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
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o Internal of vessels handling corrosive ‫ُﺗﺤﻤﻲ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ o

media (other than potable and ‫)ﺧﻼف ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺸﺮب‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬
reclaimed water) shall be protected by ‫واﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ( ﺑﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬
coating plus cathodic protection. .‫اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‬
o External of potable and reclaimed ‫أﻣﺎ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬ o
water storage steel tanks shall be ‫اﻟﺸﺮب واﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻓﺘﺠﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ‬
protected by protective coatings. The ‫وﻣﻦ أﻧﺴﺐ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻄﻼء‬ .‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ‬
most suitable coating is epoxy with a ‫اﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻣﻊ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﻓﻮﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬
top coat of polyurethane. .‫ﻳﻮرﻳﺜﻴﻦ‬
o Tank bottoms (underside of the tank ‫أﻣﺎ ﻗﺎع اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت )اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ أرﺿﻴﺔ‬ o
floors) shall be protected by ‫اﻟﺨﺰان( ﻓﺘﺠﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ ذات‬
impressed current cathodic ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻌﺮض‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﺴّﻠﻂ ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
protection to avoid corrosion due .‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬
exposure of the steel to soil.
 Steel Piles, if approved by the GDMP/ Amanat ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل اﻋﺘﻤﺪﺗﻬﺎ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬،‫اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ 
‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
o Steel piles and the steel casing pipe ‫اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ وأﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻒ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ o
driven in soil of cased concrete piles ‫ﻟﻠﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻐﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻮﻻذ ﺗﺠﺐ‬
shall be protected by protective ‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ واﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‬
coating and cathodic protection ‫ ﺗﺠﺐ‬.(‫)اﻟﻄﻼء ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻠﻒ أﺛﻨﺎء دق اﻟﺮﻛﻴﺰة‬
(coating is prone to damage during ‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼء‬
driving). Piles exposed to atmosphere .‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ‬
shall be protected by protective
coating.
o Steel piles driven in seabed shall be ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺠﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ُﺗﺪق ﻓﻲ‬ o
protected by protective coating and .‫ﻗﺎع اﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ واﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‬
cathodic protection. The cathodic ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ‬
protection shall be provided to the .‫واﻟﻤﻐﻤﻮرة ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬
buried as well as immersed portions of
the piles.
o Piles in the splash zone shall be ‫ﺗﺠﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ أﻣﺎﻛﻦ اﻟﺮذاذ‬ o
corrosion protection tape or ‫ﺑﺎﻷﺷﺮﻃﺔ أو اﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ أو‬ ‫ﺿﺪ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
protective coating or cathodic ‫ ﺗﺠﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬.(‫اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ )ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻒ‬
protection (jacket-type system). Piles ‫اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺠﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼء‬
exposed to atmosphere shall be .‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ‬
protected by protective coating.
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 Other Steel Structures ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 

o Suitable corrosion protection shall be ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺂ‬ o
provided for steel structures exposed . ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺂ‬
to corrosive environments.
o Light poles shall be protected by hot ‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺠﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ أﻋﻤﺪة اﻹﻧﺎرة ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻠﻔﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻤﺮ‬ o
dip galvanizing. The base plates shall ‫ وﺗﺠﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ أﻟﻮاح اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻼء‬.‫اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ‬
be protected by protective coating, .‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ واﻷﻧﺴﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
epoxy being the most suitable
coating.
o Metallic structures in seawater intake ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺂﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺐ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ o
and discharge structures shall be ‫وﻣﺨﺎرج ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ‬
protected by protective coating plus .‫زاﺋﺪًا اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‬
cathodic protection
7.5 PROTECTION OF PIPELINES ‫ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬7.5

Buried pipelines in Saudi Arabia Cities are subjected ‫ﺗﺘﻌﺮض ﺧﻄﻮط اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺪن اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
to one of the most severe exposure conditions in the ‫اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ إﻟﻰ أﺻﻌﺐ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﺘﻌﺮض ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ‬
world and therefore, require adequate corrosion .‫واﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت ﻟﻠﻔﺤﺺ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﺔ ﺿﺪ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
protection and provisions for inspection during (‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺪرﺟﺔ ﻫﻨﺎ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺮن )دﻛﺘﺎﻳﻞ‬
service. The guidelines provided herein include ‫وأﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد واﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬
ductile iron, prestressed concrete cylinder, .‫وأﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﻲ‬
reinforced concrete, and carbon steel pipes.
7.5.2 NON-METALLIC PIPING SYSTEM ‫ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬7.5.2

Non-metallic piping systems shall be considered for ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ن‬
use wherever applicable. All factors, such as service, ‫ ﻇﺮوف‬،‫ وﺗﺠﺐ دراﺳﺔ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬.‫ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻤﻜﻨًﺎ‬
exposure conditions, life, cost (initial and life-cycle ‫ اﻟﺘ ﻟﻒ )اﻟﻤﺒﺪﺋﻴﺔ وﺗ ﻟﻴﻒ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬،‫ اﻟﻌﻤﺮ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻲ‬،‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮض‬
cost), maintenance requirements, and other factors ‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﻧﻈﺎم‬،(‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻲ‬
shall be considered for selection of the piping system. .‫اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬
7.5.3 GUIDELINES FOR RECOMMENDED ‫اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ ‫ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺂ‬7.5.3

CORROSION CONTROL OF PIPES
Note: A/E shall select corrosion control of pipes ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ‬/‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬:‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬
based on project specific. .‫ﺗﺂُ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻤﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
272
 Ductile Iron Pipes (conforming to ISO 2531 ISO 2531 ‫أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺮن )اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬ 
and AWWA C151) (AWWA C151‫و‬
o Ductile iron pipes are recommended ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺤﺴﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺮن ﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬ o
for potable, reclaimed and sea water. ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ‬.‫اﻟﺸﺮب واﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ وﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
They shall not be used for wastewater. ‫ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬
.‫اﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‬
o Ductile iron pipes have been ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺮن ﺑﻨﺠﺎح وﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‬ o
successfully used and have good ‫ﺳﺠﻞ ﺟﻴﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺪن اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ‬
track record in Saudi Arabia Industrial .‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ‬
City.
o Ductile iron pipes and fittings shall be ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺒﻄﻴﻦ داﺧﻞ أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺮن‬ o
lined internally with high alumina ‫وﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺑﻤﻼط إﺳﻤﻨﺖ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ اﻷﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﺎ ﻳﻨﻔﺬ‬
cement mortar applied centrifugally ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮد اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰي وﺗﻐﻠﻒ ﺑﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
and sealed with 400 micron thick .‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺮون‬400 ‫ﺑﺴﻤﻚ‬
epoxy coating.
o Buried ductile iron pipes and fittings ‫ﺗﺠﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺮن وﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬ o
shall be protected externally by pure ‫اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ ﺧﺎرﺟﻴًﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺰﻧﻚ اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻲ اﻟﺼﺎﻓﻲ‬
metallic zinc at the rate of 200g/m2 ‫ وﺗﻐﻄﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻄﻼء‬2‫ﻣﺘﺮ‬/‫ ﺟﺮم‬200 ‫ﺑﻤﻌﺪل‬
and covered by a bituminous paint of ‫ وإﺿﺎﻓًﺔ إﻟﻰ‬.‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺮون‬120 ‫ﺑﺘﻴﻮﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻤﻌﺪل‬
120 microns. Additionally, the pipes ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻟﻒ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ واﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻏﻼف‬،‫ذﻟﻚ‬
and fittings shall be wrapped in ISO ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ إﻳﺜﻠﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
polyethylene sleeving conforming to ‫ ﻳﺼﻨﻊ اﻟﻐﻼف ﻣﻦ‬.AWWA C 105‫ و‬8180
ISO 8180 and AWWA C 105. The ‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺮون ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ‬200 ‫ﻓﻴﻠﻢ أﻧﺒﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺴﻤﻚ‬
sleeve is made of a tubular film of 200 ‫ﺟﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫إﻳﺜﻠﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﺸ‬
micron thick low density polyethylene ‫ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ اﻟﻐﻼف ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫اﻷﻧﺒﻮب ﻓﻲ وﻗﺖ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻪ‬
slipped over and snugly fitted to a pipe ‫ﻃﺮف‬ ‫اﻷﻧﺒﻮب ﺑﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﺑﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻻﺻﻖ ﻓﻲ‬
at the time of laying. The sleeve is .‫ﻣﻊ أرﺑﻄﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺳﻂ‬
fitted to the pipe by means of
adhesive plastic tape at each end and
intermediate tie fasteners.
o Cathodic protection is not required for ‫ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﺟﺰاء‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﻨﺎﻟﻚ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬ o
internal nor external protection of .‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ أو اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻤﺮن‬
ductile iron pipes.
 Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipes (PCCP) ‫اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬ 
(conforming to AWWA C301) (AWWA C301 ‫( )اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ‬PCCP)
273
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪PCCP are recommended for potable,‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪reclaimed and sea water service and‬‬ ‫ﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺸﺮب واﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ وﻣﻴﺎه‬
‫‪are suitable for large diameter pipes.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺮ وﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ذات اﻟﻘﻄﺮ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪They shall not be used for wastewater.‬‬ ‫وﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬
‫ﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪PCCP shall be protected internally by‬‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ داﺧﻠﻴًﺎ ﺑﻄﻼء‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪400 micron thick epoxy coating.‬‬ ‫إﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﺑﺴﻤﻚ ‪ 400‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮون‪.‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪Buried PCCP shall be protected‬‬ ‫وُﺗﺤﻤﻰ ﻫﺬه اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺎرج‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪externally by 400 micron thick coal tar‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام إﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻗﻄﺮان اﻟﻔﺤﻢ اﻟﺤﺠﺮي‬
‫‪epoxy plus cathodic protection.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻤﻚ ‪ 400‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮون وﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Concrete Cylinder Pipes (CCP) (conforming to‬‬ ‫اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ )‪) (CCP‬اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫)‪AWWA C303‬‬ ‫‪.(AWWA C303‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪CCP are recommended for potable,‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺻﻰ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪reclaimed and seawater service and‬‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺸﺮب واﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬
‫‪are suitable for large diameter pipes.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ وﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺮ وﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻸﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬
‫‪They shall not be used for wastewater.‬‬ ‫ذات اﻟﻘﻄﺮ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ‪ .‬وﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻫﺬا‬
‫اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺼﺤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪CCP shall be protected internally by‬‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ داﺧﻠﻴًﺎ ﺑﻄﻼء‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪400 micron thick epoxy coating.‬‬ ‫إﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﺑﺴﻤﻚ ‪ 400‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮون‪.‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪Buried‬‬ ‫‪CCP‬‬ ‫‪shall‬‬ ‫‪be‬‬ ‫‪protected‬‬ ‫وُﺗﺤﻤﻰ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪externally by 400 micron thick coal tar‬‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺎرج ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام إﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻗﻄﺮان اﻟﻔﺤﻢ‬
‫‪epoxy plus cathodic protection.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺠﺮي ﺑﺴﻤﻚ ‪ 400‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮون وﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Reinforced Concrete Pipes (RCP) (conforming‬‬ ‫أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ )‪) (RCP‬اﻟﻤﺘﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪ASTM‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫)‪to ASTM C76‬‬ ‫‪.(C76‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪RCP are recommended for storm‬‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪drains and culvert pipes.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺼﺎرف ﻣﻴﺎه اﻷﻣﻄﺎر وأﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻌّﺒﺎرات‪.‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪RCP shall be protected internally and‬‬ ‫وُﺗﺤﻤﻰ أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪externally by 400 micron thick coal tar‬‬ ‫واﻟﺨﺎرج ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام إﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻗﻄﺮان اﻟﻔﺤﻢ‬
‫‪epoxy coating.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺠﺮي ﺑﺴﻤﻚ ‪ 400‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮون‪.‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Carbon Steel Pipes‬‬ ‫أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪Carbon steel may be used for potable,‬‬
‫‪reclaimed and sea water service.‬‬
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‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ‬ o

‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺸﺮب واﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ وﻣﻴﺎه‬
o Carbon steel pipes shall be protected .‫اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
internally by cement mortar lining and
400 micron thick epoxy coating. ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاﺳﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬ o
‫اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﻲ داﺧﻠﻴًﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﺑﻄﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻼط‬
o Buried carbon steel pipes shall be .‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺮون‬400 ‫اﻹﺳﻤﻨﺘﻲ وﻃﻼء إﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
protected externally by epoxy or
polyethylene coating plus cathodic ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ o
protection. ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻄﻼء إﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ أو ﺑﻮﻟﻲ إﻳﺜﻠﻴﻦ وﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬
7.6 PROTECTIVE COATINGS .‫ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‬
7.6.1 GENERAL
Protective coating is one of the most commonly used ‫ اﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ‬7.6
corrosion control methods. Protective coatings are ‫ ﻋﺎم‬7.6.1
used for steel as well as concrete structures. .‫ﺷﻴﻮﻋًﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪ اﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ أﺣﺪ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻃﺮق اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺂ‬
Supplemental protection, such as cathodic ‫اﻟﺼﻠﺐ واﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫وﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻃﺒﻘﺎت اﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻮاﻗﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
protection, may be required for coated steel ‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬،‫ وﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﻤﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻮاء‬
structures. A typical coating system includes primer, ‫ ﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم‬.‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﻻزﻣًﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬،‫اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‬
intermediate coat and top coat. All components of the ‫اﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ أوﻟﻴﺔ وﻃﺒﻘﺔ وﺳﻴﻄﺔ وﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬
coating system shall be compatible and shall be ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻄﻼء ﻣﺘﻮاﻓﻘﺔ وﻳﺠﺐ‬.‫ﻧﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
obtained from the same manufacturer. .‫اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺟﻤﻴﻌًﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨِﺘﺞ واﺣﺪ‬
7.6.2 COATING SELECTION CRITERIA

Protective coating systems design shall take into
consideration the following factors: ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ‬7.6.2
 Location: Whether seacoast, inland, industrial, ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ‬
or rural. :‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ن اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ أو ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ ﻣﺎ إذا‬:‫اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ 
‫اﻷراﺿﻲ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ أو ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ أو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
 Climate: Temperate, humid, dry, wetting, and .‫رﻳﻔﻴﺔ‬
drying.
‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﺘﺒﻠﻞ‬،‫ اﻟﺠﻔﺎف‬،‫ اﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ‬،‫ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬:‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ‬ 
 Type of Service: Exterior/interior or immersed. .‫واﻟﺠﻔﺎف‬
 Service Life: Level of performance desired, life
of protection or time to first maintenance, and .‫داﺧﻠﻴﺔ أو ﻣﻐﻤﻮرة ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﺎء‬/‫ ﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‬:‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ 
color/gloss retention. ‫ ﻋﻤﺮ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ‬،‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻷداء اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬:‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻲ‬ 
.‫اﻟﻠﻤﻌﺔ‬/‫ ﺣﻔﻆ اﻟﻠﻮن‬،‫أو ﺣﺘﻰ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ‬
 Surface Preparation: Types and condition of
substrate, degree of cleanliness, and anchor
profile.
275
‫ ﻧﻮع وﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ودرﺟﺔ‬:‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ اﻷﺳﻄﺢ‬ 

 Chemical Exposure: Severe/moderate/mild .‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎﻓﺔ وﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬
and immersed.
 Physical Requirements: Impact resistance, .‫ ﻏﺎﻃﺴﺔ‬،‫ ﻋﺎدي‬،‫ ﻣﻌﺘﺪل‬،‫ ﺣﺎد‬:‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد اﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ 
flexibility, abrasion resistance, adhesion, and
hardness.
،‫ اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ‬،‫ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻﺻﻄﺪام‬:‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠّﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺎدﻳﺔ‬ 
 Compatibility: Lifting/hiding power. .‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺴﺤﺞ واﻟﺼﻼﺑﺔ‬
 Curing Schedule: Minimum temperature

required, pot life restriction, and re-coat .‫اﻹﺧﻔﺎء‬/‫ ﻗﻮة اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬:‫اﻟﺘﻮاﻓﻖ‬ 
limitation.
‫ ﻗﻴﻮد اﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬،‫ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة اﻷدﻧﻰ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ‬:‫ﺟﺪول اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ 
 Application Methods: Spray, brush, roller, field .‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻲ وﺣﺪود إﻋﺎدة اﻟﻄﻼء‬
or shop application, and thinner required.
 Economics: Initial cost and cost of ‫ اﻟﻄﻼء‬،‫ اﻟﻔﺮﺷﺔ اﻟﺪوارة‬،‫ اﻟﻔﺮﺷﺔ‬،‫ اﻟﺒﺨﺎخ‬:‫ﻃﺮق اﻟﻄﻼء‬ 
maintenance. .‫اﻟﻤﻴﺪاﻧﻲ أو ﻓﻲ ورﺷﺔ وﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺨﻔﻒ اﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬
7.6.3 COATING SYSTEMS FOR VARIOUS .‫ اﻟﺘ ﻔﺔ اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ وﺗ ﻔﺔ اﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻨﻮاﺣﻲ اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ‬ 

STRUCTURES
Recommended coating systems for various
reinforced concrete and steel structures are given in ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻃﻼء اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬7.6.3
TABLE 7.2.
 Concrete surfaces shall be cleaned prior to ‫( أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻮاﻗﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﺴﻨﺔ ﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬2-7) ‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﺠﺪول‬
coating to remove loose material, oil, grease, .‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ واﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺎ‬
and dust.
‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻄﻼء ﻹزاﻟﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ 
 Imperfections in the surface shall be filled with .‫اﻟﺴﺎﺋﺒﺔ واﻟﺰﻳﻮت واﻟﺸﺤﻮم واﻷﺗﺮﺑﺔ‬
epoxy filler. The coating system shall comprise
penetrating epoxy sealer, intermediate and
top coat. .‫ﺗﻤﻸ أي ﻓﺠﻮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺑﻤﻌﺠﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬ 
 Steel surfaces shall be prepared by grit ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻄﻼء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎدة ﻣﺎﻧﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺴﺮب‬
blasting to the required finish (SSPC SP 5 for .‫ﻣﻦ اﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﺘﻴﻦ وﺳﻴﻄﺔ وﻋﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬
internal surfaces and SSPC SP10 for external
surfaces). Pits and surface imperfections shall ‫ﻳﺠﺐ إﻋﺪاد اﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻔﻊ اﻟﺮﻣﻠﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺗﺼﻞ‬ 
be filled with epoxy filler. The coating system ‫ ﻟﻸﺳﻄﺢ‬SSPC SP 5) ‫إﻟﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺘﺸﻄﻴﺐ اﻟﻼزم‬
shall comprise zinc phosphate epoxy primer, ‫ ﻟﻸﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ( وﻳﺠﺐ ﺣﺸﻮ‬SSPC SP10‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ و‬
intermediate, and top coat. ‫أي ﻓﺠﻮات وﺗﻨﻘﺮات ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﺑﻤﻌﺠﻮن ﻣﻦ‬
‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻄﻼء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎدة‬.‫اﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
276
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪The coating shall be tested for dry film‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺴﺮب ﻣﻦ اﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﺘﻴﻦ وﺳﻴﻄﺔ‬
‫‪thickness, pin holes, and adhesion.‬‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻄﻼءات ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺳﻤﺎﻛﺔ اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫اﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ وﺳﻼﻣﺘﻬﺎ وﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺘﺼﺎﻗﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪TABLE 7.2 Recommendations on Coating Systems‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪول ‪ 7.2‬ﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﺑﺨﺼﻮص أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻃﻼء اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
‫‪For Various Structures‬‬
‫‪Important note: A/E shall propose coating systems‬‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ اﻗﺘﺮاح‬
‫‪based on project specific. This table serves only as a‬‬ ‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻄﻼء ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻤﺎت اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‪ .‬وﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫‪reference‬‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻫﺬا اﻟﺠﺪول ﻓﻘﻂ ﻛﻤﺮﺟﻊ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﻪ‪/‬اﻟُﻤﻘﺘﺮح‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻗﻢ‬
‫ﻇﺮوف اﻟﺘﻌﺮض‬
‫ﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‪/‬اﻟُﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ‬
‫‪Exposure‬‬
‫‪Recommended Surface‬‬ ‫‪Recommended‬‬ ‫‪Type of Structure‬‬ ‫ي‬
‫‪Condition‬‬
‫‪Coating‬‬ ‫‪Preparation‬‬ ‫‪S .No‬‬
‫دﻫﺎن إﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪي ﻣﺎﻧﻊ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺴﺮب‬
‫إﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺞ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﻴﻨﺎت )‪2‬‬
‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‪ 400 ،‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮون ‪(DFT‬‬
‫ﺑﻮﻟﻲ ﻳﻮرﻳﺜﻴﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻹﻋﺎدة‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ وﻣﻞء‬
‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺿﻢ ‪500‬‬ ‫ﻫﻴ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻼء‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻘﻮق ﺑﻤﺎدة‬
‫ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺎﻃﺊ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ واﺣﺪة‪ 60 ،‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮون‬ ‫اﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫‪Reinforced Concrete‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪(DFT‬‬ ‫‪Clean Surface and‬‬ ‫‪Marine‬‬
‫‪Structure within 500 m‬‬
‫‪Epoxy Sealing Primer‬‬ ‫‪Fill Imperfections‬‬
‫‪from seashore‬‬
‫‪Amine Cured Epoxy (2‬‬ ‫‪With Epoxy Filler‬‬
‫)‪Coats, 400 Micron DFT‬‬
‫‪Re-coatable‬‬
‫‪Polyurethane‬‬
‫)‪1 Coat, 60 Micron DFT‬‬
‫دﻫﺎن إﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻗﻄﺮاﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ وﻣﻞء‬ ‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪي ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻟﻠﺘﺴﺮب‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻘﻮق ﺑﻤﺎدة‬ ‫ﻓﻮق ﺳﻄﺢ(‬
‫دﻋﺎﻣﺎت أﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫)ﻃﺒﻘﺘﻴﻦ‪ 400 ،‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮون ‪(DFT‬‬ ‫اﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬ ‫)اﻷرض‬
‫‪Reinforced Concrete Pipe‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪Epoxy Sealing Primer‬‬ ‫‪Clean Surface and‬‬ ‫‪Exterior‬‬
‫‪supports‬‬
‫‪Coal Tar Epoxy ( 2 coats,‬‬ ‫‪Fill Imperfections‬‬ ‫‪(Above‬‬
‫)‪400 micron DFT‬‬ ‫‪With Epoxy Filler‬‬ ‫)‪Ground‬‬
‫دﻫﺎن إﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻗﻄﺮاﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ وﻣﻞء‬
‫ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪي ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻟﻠﺘﺴﺮب‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻘﻮق ﺑﻤﺎدة‬ ‫ﻏﺮف وﻏﺮف ﺗﻔﺘﻴﺶ ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫)ﻃﺒﻘﺘﻴﻦ‪ 400 ،‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮون ‪(DFT‬‬ ‫اﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬ ‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Epoxy Sealing Primer‬‬ ‫‪Clean Surface and‬‬ ‫‪Interior‬‬ ‫‪Reinforced Concrete‬‬
‫‪Coal Tar Epoxy ( 2 coats,‬‬ ‫‪Fill Imperfections‬‬ ‫‪Chambers & Manholes‬‬
‫)‪400 micron DFT‬‬ ‫‪With Epoxy Filler‬‬
‫‪277‬‬
‫اﻟُﻤﻘﺘﺮح‬/‫اﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻗﻢ‬

‫ﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟُﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ‬/‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ‬
Exposure
Recommended Surface Recommended Type of Structure ‫ي‬
Condition
Coating Preparation S .No
‫دﻫﺎن إﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ ﻗﻄﺮاﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ وﻣﻞء‬
‫ﻏﺮف ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪي ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻟﻠﺘﺴﺮب‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻘﻮق ﺑﻤﺎدة‬
‫ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺼﺮف واﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎوﻳﺎت‬
(DFT ‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺮون‬400 ،‫)ﻃﺒﻘﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬ ‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬
Reinforced Concrete 4
Epoxy Sealing Primer Clean Surface and Interior
Chambers handing Waste
Coal Tar Epoxy ( 2 coats, Fill Imperfections
water & Chemicals
400 micron DFT) With Epoxy Filler
(MIO) ‫دﻫﺎن إﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ وﻣﻞء‬
3/2) ‫ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪي ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻟﻠﺘﺴﺮب‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻘﻮق ﺑﻤﺎدة‬
(DFT ‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺮون‬400 ،‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬ ‫داﺧﻠﻲ‬
Epoxy Sealing Primer Clean Surface and Internal
MIO Epoxy ( 2/3 coats, Fill Imperfections
400 micron DFT) With Epoxy Filler
(MIO) ‫دﻫﺎن إﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
1/2) ‫ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪي ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﻟﻠﺘﺴﺮب‬
‫اﻟﺨّﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
(DFT ‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺮون‬200 ،‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ 5
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ وﻣﻞء‬ Concrete Tanks
‫ﺑﻮﻟﻲ ﻳﻮرﻳﺜﻴﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﻄﻼء‬
‫اﻟﺸﻘﻮق ﺑﻤﺎدة‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺮون‬60 ،‫)ﻃﺒﻘﺔ واﺣﺪة‬
‫اﻹﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬
(DFT
Clean Surface and External
Epoxy Sealing Primer
Fill Imperfections
MIO Epoxy ( 1/2coats,
With Epoxy Filler
200 micron DFT) , Re-
coatable polyurethane (
1coats, 60 micron DFT)
‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ إﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
(DFT ‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺮون‬75) ‫اﻟﺰﻧﻚ‬
،‫ )ﻧﺼﻒ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬MIO ‫إﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬
‫( ﺑﻮﻟﻲ‬DFT ‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺮون‬200
‫ﻳﻮرﻳﺜﻴﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻹﻋﺎدة اﻟﻄﻼء‬
‫اﻟﺠّﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬
(DFT SSPC SP-10 6
Atmosphere Structural Steel
Epoxy Zinc Phosphate
Primer (75 micron DFT)
MIO epoxy (1/2 coats,
200 micron DFT) Re-
coatable polyurethane (1
coat, 60 micron DFT)
278
‫اﻟُﻤﻘﺘﺮح‬/‫اﻟﻄﻼء اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰات اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻗﻢ‬

‫ﻷﺳﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫اﻟُﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ‬/‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ‬
Exposure
Recommended Surface Recommended Type of Structure ‫ي‬
Condition
Coating Preparation S .No
‫ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ‬
75) ‫اﻟﺰﻧﻚ واﻟﻔﻮﺳﻔﺎت‬
‫ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
‫( إﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬DFT ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮون‬
‫)ﻣﻐﻤﻮرة‬
400 ،‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬MIO (2/3
(‫وﻣﻜﺸﻮﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬
(DFT ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮون‬ SSPC SP-10 7
Buried Piles
Seawater
(Submerged
& Exposed)
400 micron DFT)
75) ‫اﻟﺰﻧﻚ واﻟﻔﻮﺳﻔﺎت‬ ‫داﺧﻠﻲ )ﻣﻴﺎه‬
‫( إﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬DFT ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮون‬ ‫ﺷﺮب وﻣﻴﺎه‬
400 ،‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬MIO (2/3 (‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬
(DFT ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮون‬ SSPC SP-10 Interior
Epoxy Zinc Phosphate (Potable &
Primer (75 micron DFT) reclaimed
MIO epoxy (2/3 coats, Water)
400 micron DFT)
(DFT ‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺮون‬75) ‫اﻟﺰﻧﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﺰاﻧﺎت ﻓﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬
8
،‫ )ﻧﺼﻒ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬MIO ‫إﻳﺒﻮﻛﺴﻲ‬ Steel Tanks
‫( ﺑﻮﻟﻲ‬DFT ‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺮون‬200
‫ﻳﻮرﻳﺜﻴﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻹﻋﺎدة اﻟﻄﻼء‬
‫ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬
(DFT SSPC SP-10
Exterior
200 micron DFT) Re-
coatable polyurethane (1
coat, 60 micron DFT)
7.7 CATHODIC PROTECTION ‫ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‬7.7
Cathodic protection design, installation, and ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ وﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬
commissioning shall be carried out by qualified ‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬ .‫اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ وﻣﻘﺎوﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﺆﻫﻠﻴﻦ‬
engineers and contractors. Various factors to be ‫اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺠﺐ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬
considered prior to design of a cathodic protection ، ‫ وﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻟﻴﺖ‬،‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺘﻪ‬ ‫اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ ﻧﻮع اﻟﻬﻴ‬
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system are type of structure to be protected, ‫ووﺟﻮد ﻣﻨﺸﺂت وأﻧﻈﻤﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ وﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬
electrolyte resistivity, presence of other facilities and ‫ وﺗﻮﻓﺮ‬،‫ وﺣﻖ اﻟﻤﺮور ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ أﺟﻬﺰة اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‬،‫اﻟﺸﺎرد‬
cathodic protection systems and stray current, right ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬.‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﺘﺮدد و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺧﺮى‬
of way for locating cathodic protection hardware, ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻮاد واﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬
availability of ac power, and other factors. Design ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﺎول‬.‫وﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻲ واﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ‬
information provided shall include design ‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ ﻟﻤﺪة ﻋﺎم واﺣﺪ‬
calculations, material and installation specifications, .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم إﻟﻰ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
commissioning requirements and provisions for
monitoring. All cathodic protection systems shall be
monitored by the installation contractor for one year
prior to handing over the system to the GDMP/
Amanat.
7.7.2 CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS DESIGN ‫ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‬7.7.2
GUIDELINE
Important Note: A/E shall select cathodic protection ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ اﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬/‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬:‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ‬
system and applicable criteria based on project ‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺴﺎرﻳﺔ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﺮوف‬
specific conditions. .‫اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
 Reinforced Concrete ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ 
o Design current density for new ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ o
reinforced concrete should at least be ‫ ﻣﻠﻠﻲ أﻣﺒﻴﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺮ‬5 ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة ﻋﻦ‬
5 mA/m2 of steel reinforcement area. .‫اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬
o Design current density for existing ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬ o
reinforced concrete should at least be ‫ ﻣﻠﻠﻲ أﻣﺒﻴﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺮ‬20 ‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ‬
20 mA/m2 of steel reinforcement .‫اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬
area.
o Protection criteria should be an ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ أﺳﺎس‬ o

instant off potential of -720 mV or ‫ ﻣﻠﻠﻲ ﻓﻮﻟﺖ‬720- ‫إﻳﻘﺎف ﻓﻮري ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﻤﻘﺪار‬
more negative with respect to silver- ‫ﻮرﻳﺪ‬ ‫أو أﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﻠﺒﻴًﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻘﻄﺐ‬
silver chloride electrode or potential ‫اﻟﻔﻀﺔ أو اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﺣﺪوث اﻧﺤﻼل ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ‬-‫اﻟﻔﻀﺔ‬
decay of at least 100 mV over a period ‫ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ أو‬24 ‫ ﻣﻠﻠﻲ ﻓﻮﻟﺖ ﺧﻼل ﻓﺘﺮة‬100 ‫ﻋﻦ‬
of 24 hours or 150 mV over extended .‫ ﻣﻠﻠﻲ ﻓﻮﻟﺖ ﺧﻼل ﻓﺘﺮة زﻣﻨﻴﺔ أﻃﻮل‬150
period of time.
 Steel Structures ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 
o Design current density for tank ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﺎع اﻟﺨﺰان‬ o
bottoms, buried piles, and buried bare ‫واﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ وﺧﻄﻮط اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻌﺎرﻳﺔ‬
pipelines should atleast be 20 mA/m2 ‫ ﻣﻠﻠﻲ أﻣﺒﻴﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ‬20 ‫اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ ﻋﻦ‬
of steel area. For coated steel piles ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺮ ﺋﺰ واﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬.‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬
and pipes, the value shall depend on ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻮع‬
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the type of coating; a value of 0.1 to 1 ‫ ﻣﻠﻠﻲ‬1.0 ‫ إﻟﻰ‬0.1 ‫اﻟﻄﻼء وﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‬
mA/m2 can be adopted. .‫أﻣﺒﻴﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻊ‬
o Design current density for bare steel ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﺮ ﺋﺰ‬ o
piles exposed to seawater should at ‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮﻓﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻤﻴﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻋﻦ‬
least be 150 mA/m2 (initial) and 70 70 ‫ ﻣﻠﻠﻲ أﻣﺒﻴﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻊ )ﻣﺒﺪﺋﻴ(ًﺎ و‬150
mA/m2 (mean) of steel area. For ‫ﻣﻠﻠﻲ أﻣﺒﻴﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺮ اﻟﻤﺮﺑﻊ )ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ( ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬
coated steel, the design current ‫ أﻣﺎ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻲ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬.‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬
density can be based on a coating ‫ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﻴﺎر اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺤﻠﻞ‬
breakdown factor of 10%. .٪10 ‫اﻟﻄﻼء ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
o Protection criteria for steel exposed ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﻌﺮض‬ o
to soil and seawater should be an ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﺔ وﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺮ إﻣ ﻧﻴﺔ إﻳﻘﺎف ﻓﻮرﻳﺔ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ‬
instant off potential of -800 mV or ‫ ﻣﻠﻠﻲ ﻓﻮﻟﺖ أو أﻛﺜﺮ ﺳﻠﺒﻴًﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬800
more negative with respect to silver- .‫اﻟﻔﻀﺔ‬-‫ﺑﻘﻄﺐ ﻮرﻳﺪ اﻟﻔﻀﺔ‬
silver chloride electrode.
7.7.3 CATHODIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺎ‬7.7.3
DIFFERENT STRUCTURES
 Reinforced Concrete ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬ 
o For new reinforced concrete, mixed ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة‬ o
metal oxide coated titanium expanded ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻗﻄﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻄﻴﺔ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﻴﺔ‬
mesh ribbon anodes from a qualified ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮم‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻄﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﺪدة‬
manufacturer with sufficient track .‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺔ ذات ﺳﻤﻌﺔ ﺟﻴﺪة‬
record shall be used. The anodes shall ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ اﻷﻗﻄﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻏﻄﺎء ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ أو‬
be placed in the cover concrete or ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬.‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬
between two layers of the .‫ﻗﻀﻴﺐ ﻣﻮﺻﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻴﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮم ﻟﺘﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬
reinforcement. Titanium conductor
bar shall be used for current
distribution.
o For existing reinforced concrete, ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ‬،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ o

mixed metal oxide coated titanium ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻧﻮدات اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﻲ اﻟﻤﻤﺪد‬
mesh anodes from a qualified ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻲ ﺑﺄﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﺘﻴﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮم اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ‬
manufacturer with sufficient track ‫ ﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ‬.‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺔ ذات ﺳﻤﻌﺔ ﺟﻴﺪة‬
record shall be used. The anodes shall ‫اﻷﻧﻮدات ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ‬
be placed on the existing concrete ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬.‫وﺗﻐﻄﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﺳﻤﻨﺘﻴﺔ‬
surface and covered in a cementitious .‫ﻗﻀﻴﺐ ﻣﻮﺻﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻴﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮم ﻟﺘﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬
overlay. Titanium conductor bar shall
be used for current distribution.
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o The structure shall be divided in zones ‫إﻟﻰ ﻧﻄﺎﻗﺎت ﺑﺄﺣﺠﺎم ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬ ‫ُﻳﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ‬ o
of suitable sizes and each zone shall ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻨﺎة إﻣﺪاد ﻃﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫وﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ‬
be fed from a dedicated power supply .‫ﻣﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬
channel.
 Steel Tanks and Vessels ‫اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺎت واﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ 

o For new tanks, mixed metal oxide ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة‬ o
coated titanium ribbon anodes from a ‫اﻟﻤﻤﺪدة‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺒﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻗﻄﺎب‬
qualified manufacturer with sufficient ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﻛﺴﻴﺪ اﻟﺘﻴﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮم اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ‬
track record shall be used. The ‫ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬.‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺔ ذات ﺳﻤﻌﺔ ﺟﻴﺪة‬
anodes shall be placed in soil under ‫اﻷﻗﻄﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﺨﺰان ﻋﻠﻰ‬
the tank in the form of parallel strips .‫أﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﻣﺘﻮازﻳﺔ ﺗﺴﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎه واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺷ‬
running in one direction. Titanium ‫ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻗﻀﻴﺐ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻴﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮم‬
conductor bar shall be used for ‫ﻟﺘﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﺘﻴﺎر ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ وﺿﻊ ﻋﻤﻮدي‬
current distribution and shall be .‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻄﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬
placed perpendicular to the anodes.
o For existing tanks, mixed metal oxide ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺰاﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة‬ o
coated titanium tubular or high silicon ‫أﻧﻮدات اﻟﺘﻴﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮم اﻷﻧﺒﻮﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬
cast iron anodes from a qualified ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪن أو أﻧﻮدات اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺰﻫﺮ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
manufacturer with sufficient track ‫اﻟﺴﻴﻠﻴﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺔ ذات ﺳﻤﻌﺔ‬
record shall be used. The anodes shall ‫ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ اﻷﻗﻄﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺘﺤﺎت‬.‫ﺟﻴﺪة‬
be placed in drilled holes around the ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻤﻖ‬.‫ﻣﺤﻔﻮرة ﺣﻮل اﻟﺨﺰان‬
tank. The depth of the anodes shall be ‫اﻷﻗﻄﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬
determined in the design calculations. .‫ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
o Each tank shall be fed from a ‫ﺧﺰان ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﻮم ﻣﺤﻮل ﻣﺨﺼﺺ أو‬ ‫ُﻳﻐﺬى‬ o
dedicated transformer rectifier or a .‫ﻗﻨﺎة ﻣﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﻤﻘﻮم ﻣﺤﻮل ﻣﺘﻌﺪد اﻟﻘﻨﻮات‬
dedicated channel of a multi-channel
transformer rectifier.
 Steel Pipelines ‫ﺧﻄﻮط اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ 

o For new and existing pipelines, ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة واﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ o
different types of anodes can be used. ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻧﻮاع ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻗﻄﺎب‬
The type of anode shall be ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻜﻮن ﻧﻮع اﻷﻗﻄﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬
manufactured by a qualified .‫ﻣﻦ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺔ ذات ﺳﻤﻌﺔ ﺟﻴﺪة‬
manufacturer with sufficient track
record.
o Use of deep well anodes may be used ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻗﻄﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ‬ o
for cross country pipelines, however, ‫ﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ وﻣﻊ‬
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distributed anodes shall be used for ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻗﻄﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻮزﻋﺔ‬،‫ذﻟﻚ‬
pipelines inside plants and if other ‫ﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ داﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻧﻊ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل‬
structures exist in the vicinity of the .‫أﺧﺮى ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺧﻂ اﻷﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد ﻫﻴﺎ‬
pipeline.
 Steel Piles ‫اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬ 

o For new and existing steel piles buried ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺮ ﺋﺰ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪة واﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ o
in soil or submerged in seawater, ‫اﻟﻤﺪﻓﻮﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ أو اﻟﻤﻐﻤﻮرة ﻓﻲ ﻣﻴﺎه‬
sacrificial or impressed current ‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﻗﻄﺎب ﺳﺎﻟﺒﺔ ذواﺑﺔ أو‬، ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
anodes may be used. Sacrificial ‫ وﻳﻔﻀﻞ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻷﻗﻄﺎب اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬.‫ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻣﺔ‬
aluminum anodes shall be preferred ‫ﻟﻠﺮ ﺋﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻮم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺬواﺑﺔ‬
for piles in seawater. The impressed ‫ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻷﻗﻄﺎب‬.‫اﻟﻤﻐﻤﻮرة ﻓﻲ ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬
anodes may include mixed metal ‫اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻮﻣﺔ أﻗﻄﺎب ﺗﻴﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮم أﻧﺒﻮﺑﻴﺔ‬
oxide coated titanium tubular anodes ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻄﺔ ﻣﻐﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺄﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻓﻠﺰ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻓﻲ‬
for seawater, and mixed metal oxide ‫ﻣﻴﺎه اﻟﺒﺤﺮ وأﻗﻄﺎب ﺗﻴﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮم أﻧﺒﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻐﻠﻔﺔ‬
coated titanium tubular and high ‫ﺑﺄﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻓﻠﺰ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ وأﻗﻄﺎب ﺣﺪﻳﺪ زﻫﺮ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
silicon cast iron anodes for soil. .‫اﻟﺴﻴﻠﻴﻜﻮن ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬
7.7.4 MONITORING OF CATHODIC PROTECTION ‫ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ‬7.7.4

SYSTEMS
 All cathodic protection systems shall be ‫ﺗﺠﺐ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟ ﺛﻮدﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻈﺎم‬ 
regularly monitored to ensure proper .‫ﻟﻀﻤﺎن ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺸ ٍ ﺟﻴﺪ وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺜﻬﺎ‬
functioning of the systems and to establish
upgrade needs.
 The frequency of monitoring for sacrificial ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن وﺗﻴﺮة اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻷﻗﻄﺎب اﻟﺬواﺑﺔ‬ 
anode systems shall be six months. The ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﻗﻴﺎس ﺗﻴﺎر اﻷﻗﻄﺎب‬.‫ﺳﺘﺔ أﺷﻬﺮ‬
monitoring shall include measuring anode .‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
current and structure-to-soil potentials.
 The frequency of monitoring for impressed ‫أﻣﺎ وﺗﻴﺮة اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﺘﻜﻮن ﻛﻤﺎ‬ 
current systems shall be as follows: :‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬
o Monthly: Inspect condition of the ‫ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة وﻗﻴﺎس ﺧﺮج‬:‫ﺷﻬﺮ‬ o
hardware and measure transformer .‫ﻣﻘﻮم اﻟﻤﺤﻮل‬
rectifier output.
o Semi-Annually: Inspect condition of ‫ وﻗﻴﺎس‬، ‫ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻷﺟﻬﺰة‬:‫ﺳﺘﺔ أﺷﻬﺮ‬ o
the hardware, measure transformer ‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﺮج ﻣﻘﻮم اﻟﻤﺤﻮل وﺟﻬﺪ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
rectifier output and structure-to-soil .(‫ واﻻﺿﻤﺤﻼل‬، ‫ واﻹﻳﻘﺎف اﻟﻔﻮري‬، ‫)اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
potentials (on, instant-off and decay).
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o Three-years: Conduct complete ‫ إﺟﺮاء ﻓﺤﺺ ﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم ﺑﻤﺎ‬:‫ﺛﻼث ﺳﻨﻮات‬ O

system check including analysis of ‫ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺮة‬
the monitoring data for the previous .‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
period.
8.0 ATTACHMENTS ‫ اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻘﺎت‬8.0
Attachment 1 - Calculations Guidelines and ‫ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ وﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬:(1) ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ‬
Requirements
A. General ‫ اﻋﺘﺒﺎرات ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬-‫أ‬

B. General Items & Design Criteria ‫ اﻟﺒﻨﻮد اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ وﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬-‫ب‬
1. The A/E must prepare calculations to support ‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ إﻋﺪاد اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬/‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬.1
the design of the structural system and .‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﺪاﻋﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ وﺗﻮﺻﻴﻼﺗﻪ‬
connections. The calculations should contain ‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺟﺪول ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت أو‬
a table of contents or index and must clearly ‫ﻓﻬﺮس وﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﻮﺿﻮح وﺗﺤﺪد أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ واﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
show and delineate service loads, factored ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أﻳﻀًﺎ أن ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬.‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻟﺔ وﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻟﺔ‬
loads, and factored load combinations. The ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺗﻮارﻳﺦ وأن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻘﺮوءة‬
structural calculations should be dated, .‫ﻣﻊ ﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻠﻒ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
legible and retained in a project file.
2. Analysis and design calculation package shall ‫واﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺣﺰﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬.2
be provided with direct contact information of ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻻﺗﺼﺎل اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس‬
Design Engineer and Lead Structural Engineer ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ واﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ اﻷول ﻟﺘﻤﻜﻴﻦ اﻹدارة‬
in order to enable the GDMP/ Amanat to ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ أي ﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ‬/‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
discuss issues directly with them. .‫ﻣﻌﻬﻢ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮًة‬
3. Prepared package shall be free from vague ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺨﻠﻮ اﻟﺤﺰﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ أي ﻋﺒﺎرات ﻏﺎﻣﻀﺔ وأن ﺗﻜﻮن‬.3
statements, self-explanatory and conclusive. .‫واﺿﺤﺔ وﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
4. Provide linkage between Drawings and ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻻرﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ واﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬.4
calculations for all structural members and ‫ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن‬.‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ورواﺑﻄﻬﺎ‬
connections. This can be with clear location ‫ﻳﺘﻢ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ وﺻﻒ واﺿﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﻗﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬
descriptions in the calculations. .‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬
5. A discussion and description of the design ‫ ﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ووﺻﻒ أﺳﺎس اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ‬.5
basis including assumptions and clarification ‫اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﺎت وﻣﺒﺮرات اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺗﻠﻚ اﻻﻓﺘﺮاﺿﺎت ﻓﻲ‬
for why these assumptions used in design. .‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
6. List of Building Codes, Standards and ‫ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﺄﻛﻮاد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ واﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت )ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ‬.6
Specification (including their editions) for the ‫ وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن‬.‫إﺻﺪاراﺗﻬﺎ( ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
materials used in design. Providing irrelevant
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codes, standards and specification will cause ‫رﻣﻮز وﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ أو ﻏﻴﺮ ذات‬/‫ﻳﺆدي ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ أﻛﻮاد‬
rejection of submittal. . ‫ﺻﻠﺔ إﻟﻰ رﻓﺾ اﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻤﺴّﻠﻤﺔ‬
7. Geotechnical report information, design

criteria and correct reference to Geotechnical ‫ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ وﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ واﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ‬.7
Report. .‫واﻹﺷﺎرات اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ‬
8. Limitations of deflection for structural

elements and lateral drift limitations for entire ‫ ﻗﻴﻮد اﻧﺤﺮاف اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ وﺣﺪود اﻟﺘﺠﺎﻧﻒ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬.8
structure. . ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
9. Documentation of Design Loads:

a) Dead Loads: Dead loads shall include :‫ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬.9
self-weight of all items of permanent ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ اﻟﻮزن‬ (a
nature that will act continuously ‫اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ذات اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ اﻟﺪاﺋﻤﺔ‬
throughout the service life of the ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﻃﻮال اﻟﻌﻤﺮ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻲ‬
building. Dead Load shall be well ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺑﻮﺿﻮح‬.‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬
itemized for each type of assembly ‫ﻧﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻌﺎت ﻣﻊ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ رﺳﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻟ‬
including with proper sketch, for .‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬
example;
285
b) Live Loads: Structural Engineer shall ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬ (b
list live loads for each location where ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻳﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫إدراج اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ ﻟ‬
purpose of use differs. .‫ﻏﺮض اﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
c) Wind Loads: Structural Engineer shall ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ‬:‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬ (c
document all parameters required for ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺤﺴﺎب أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬
wind load calculation for Main Wind ‫اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬ ‫ﻗﻮة‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم‬
Force Resisting System and .‫وﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﻪ واﻟﺘﻜﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ‬
Components & Cladding.
Parameters shall include: :‫ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬

o Design wind speed ‫اﻟّﺴﺮﻋﺔ اﻟّﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤّﻴﺔ ﻟﻠّﺮﻳﺎح‬ o
o Exposure category ‫ﻓﺌﺎت اﻟﺘﻌﺮض‬ o
o Risk Category ‫ﻓﺌﺎت اﻷﺧﻄﺎر‬ o
o Importance Factor ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ o
All parameters shall be clearly identified and ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﺑﻮﺿﻮح واﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ أﻗﺴﺎم‬
referenced to relevant sections of codes and .‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺄﺧﻮذة ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬/‫اﻷﻛﻮاد‬
standards.
d) Seismic Load: Structural Engineer ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬:‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ‬ (d

shall document all parameters ‫ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
required for seismic load calculation ‫اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻗﻮة اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬
for the structure including: .‫وﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﻪ واﻟﺘﻜﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ‬
o Risk Category ‫ﻓﺌﺎت اﻷﺧﻄﺎر‬ o
o Importance Factor ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬ o
o Lateral Load Resisting System ‫ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬ o
286
o Response Reduction Factor (R) (R) ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﺾ اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ‬ o

o System Overstrength Factor (00) (00) ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم‬ o
o Deflection Amplification Factor (Cd) (Cd) ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻀﺨﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﺠﺎﻧﻒ‬ o
o Site Class (Should be referenced to ‫ﻓﺌﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ )ﻳﺠﺐ اﻟﺮﺟﻮع إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ‬ o
Geotechnical Report) (‫اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ‬
o Site Coefficients ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ o
o Mapped Spectral Response ‫اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع اﻟﻄﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ‬ o
Accelerations
o Spectral Response Coefficients ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻟﺘﺴﺎرع اﻟﻄﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ‬ o
o All parameters shall be clearly ‫ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ ﺑﻮﺿﻮح واﻹﺷﺎرة‬ o
identified and referenced to relevant .‫إﻟﻰ أﻗﺴﺎم اﻷﻛﻮاد واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺄﺧﻮذة ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
sections of codes and standards.
e) Temperature Load: Consideration for ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎت اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ‬:‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬ (e

loads and effects of contraction or ‫ﻷﺣﻤﺎل وﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻻﻧﻜﻤﺎش واﻟﺘﻤﺪد ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬
expansion from temperature changes .‫ﺗﻐﻴﺮات درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
shall be clearly documented.
f) Equipment Loads: All MEP equipment ‫أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻌﺪات ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻗﻮاﺋﻢ واﺿﺤﺔ‬ (f
planned to be used in structure shall ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﻤﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ واﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ وﻣﻌﺪات‬
be listed with their location and ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺒﺎﻛﺔ اﻟﻤﺰﻣﻊ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
operating weight. .‫إﻳﻀﺎح ﻣﻮاﻗﻌﻬﺎ وأوزاﻧﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬
g) Structural Engineer shall clearly list all ‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻗﻮاﺋﻢ واﺿﺤﺔ‬ (g
other loads including with locations to ‫ﺑﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳُﺘﻄﺒﻖ‬
be applied, magnitude and ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل وﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﺼﺎدر ﺗﻠﻚ‬
explanation for resource of loads. .‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
10. Load combinations used in design shall be ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ‬.10
clearly documented. .‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺑﻮﺿﻮح‬
11. Structural Engineer shall list all fire rating ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬.11
requirements throughout the structure. . ‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻬﻴ‬
12. Consideration and information for Buoyancy .‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻔﻮ واﻟﺴﻴﻮل‬.12
and Flood shall be documented.
C. Gravity Design ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ‬-‫ج‬
287
1. Analysis and Design of the Primary Structural ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﻳﻮﺛﻖ‬.‫ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ وﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬.1
Components. This design should document ‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ واﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ واﻟﻨﻄﺎق‬
the location, tributary area, span, loading and ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫واﻷﺣﻤﺎل وﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ وﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻟ‬
controlling condition, load combination for ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮات اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬.‫ﻳﺸﻤﻠﻪ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
each member designed. Also, effects of .‫اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬
temperature loads shall be identified.
2. Structural Engineer shall provide list for used ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮاد‬.2
material and their grades used in design for ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت ودرﺟﺎﺗﻬﺎ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻟ‬
each structural component. .‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
3. Calculations should note the final member ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺸﻴﺮ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬.3
size as shown on the plans, including the ‫ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎت ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ ﺣﺎﻻت‬
support condition. Structural Engineer shall ‫ وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ أي ﺣﺎﻻت‬.‫اﻟﺪﻋﻢ‬
also note any eccentric loading conditions ‫أﺣﻤﺎل ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﺗﺆدي إﻟﻰ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﻮاء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ‬
which creates torsion effect on member and .‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ذﻟﻚ‬
design member accordingly.
4. All design calculation shall be conclusive, ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬.4
highlighted that Resistance of member ‫ إﺿﺎﻓًﺔ‬.‫وﺗﻮﺿﺢ ﻣﻼءﻣﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬
satisfactory against analysis results. Also, ‫ﺧﻄﻮة ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ ﺗﺠﺐ اﻹﺷﺎرة ﻓﻲ‬،‫إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ‬
each step of design shall be referenced to .‫اﻟﺮﻣﻮز اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ذات اﻟﺼﻠﺔ‬/‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ أو أﻛﻮاد‬
related design standards or codes.
5. Deflection of member shall be checked ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ ﻓﺤﺺ ﺗﺠﺎﻧﻒ اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺠﺎﻧﻒ‬.5
against allowed deflection criteria. .‫اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻪ‬
6. Calculations for design of the connections ‫ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ‬.6
between the Primary Structural Components. .‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬
7. Calculation for design of the connection ‫ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ‬.7
between Secondary and or non-structural ‫أو اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ‬/‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ و‬
elements to primary structural components. .‫اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬
8. If vendor supplied elements used in design, ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬.8
Structural Engineer should still provide full ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻞ وﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬
analysis and design calculations as explained .‫ﺣﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ‬
here in.
D. Lateral Design ‫ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬-‫د‬
288
1. Factors used in determining overall wind load ‫ ﺗﺠﺐ اﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬.1
should be indicated as required in section ‫إﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬
B.9.c of this appendix. .‫ج( ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻖ‬-9-‫)ب‬
2. Factors used in determining base shear ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺠﺐ اﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬.2
should be indicated in addition to the required ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻲ‬
seismic design criteria required in section .‫د( ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ‬-9-‫اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺴﻢ )ب‬
B.9.d of this attachment.
3. Clearly defined type of Lateral-Force- ‫ اﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ ﻟﻨﻮع ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬.3
Resisting System used, and which Primary ‫ﺟﺰًء ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم واﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸ‬
Structural Components are part of the .‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬
system.
4. Analysis and design results should be ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ واﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻊ رﺳﻮﻣﺎت ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬.4
submitted with a sketch showing geometry, ‫ﺗﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻨﻮاﺣﻲ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ واﻷﺣﻤﺎل واﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﺤﺪودﻳﺔ‬
loading, boundary conditions, etc. .‫وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
5. Design of Primary Structural Components ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻨﻈﺎم‬.5
relating to the Lateral Force Resisting System. ،‫ دون ﺣﺼﺮ‬،‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬
These components would include, but are not ‫اﻟﺤﻮاﺟﺰ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ وﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ واﻟﻌﻮارض وﻧﻘﺎط‬
limited to, diaphragms, collectors, drag struts, .‫اﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺧﺎرج اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى وﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬
out-of- plane anchorage and connection
design.
6. Design of Secondary Structural and Non- ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ وﻏﻴﺮ‬.6
Structural Components and their connections .‫اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ ورواﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬
to Primary Structural Components shall be
provided.
E. Footing & Foundation Design ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ واﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬-‫ﻪ‬

1. Clearly documented horizontal and vertical ‫ اﻟﺘﻮﺛﻴﻖ اﻟﻮاﺿﺢ ﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ واﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.1
service loading on pile, pile group or .‫اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ وﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎت ر ﺋﺰ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬
foundation.
2. Design of the primary footing and foundation .‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻮاﻋﺪ واﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬.2
components.
3. Calculation or reference for sub grade (ks) ‫ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ أو ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪي‬.3
modulus (ks) used in design. .‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
289
4. Information and reference about Allowable ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت وﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح‬.4
Bearing Pressure for soil shall be provided. .‫ﺑﻪ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬
5. Provide footing schedule including with ‫ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺟﺪول اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ ﺷﺎﻣًﻼ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت وﺣﺠﻢ وأﺣﻤﺎل‬.5
information for, size, service loads, ‫اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ واﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ وﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ واﻟﻬﺒﻮط اﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮي‬
reinforcement, bearing pressure, estimated .‫وﻏﻴﺮ ذﻟﻚ‬
settlement, etc.
6. Design of Secondary Structural Components ‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ‬.6
required at the interface between foundation ‫ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬.‫ﻓﻮﻗﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت واﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬
and structure above. These components .‫اﻷﻟﻮاح اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ وﻣﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ واﻷﻟﻮاح اﻟﻤﺪﻣﺠﺔ‬
would include base plates, anchor bolts and
embed plates.
7. Effects of lateral loading including uplift, ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ اﻟﺪﻓﻊ‬.7
overturning and shear transfer to soil must be .‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮي واﻻﻧﻘﻼب وﻧﻘﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل إﻟﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬
included.
8. Effects of buoyancy and flood should be ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮات اﻟﻄﻔﻮ واﻟﺴﻴﻮل ﻓﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬.8
included in foundation design. .‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬
9. The requirements for engineered fill or other ‫ ﺗﺠﺐ اﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺮدم اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ أو ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ أي‬.9
specific placement criteria should be noted in ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎت ردم أﺧﺮى ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ وﻓﻲ‬
the calculations and on the plans. .‫اﻟﻤﺨﻄﻄﺎت‬
10. Unless otherwise approved by GDMP/ ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺮﺿﺔ )ﺿﻐﻂ‬.10
Amanat, "assumed" soil properties (bearing ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻣﻞ( ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ إﻻ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﻤﺎد اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
pressure) shall not be used in the design. ‫ وﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل اﻋﺘﻤﺎد اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬.‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
Where assumed parameters have been ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺮﺿﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ إﺟﺮاء ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻲ ﺑﻨﺎًء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺠﻢ ودرﺟﺔ‬
approved then field verification shall be ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ‬.‫ﺗﻌﻘﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﺸﺮوع‬
undertaken, as determined by the size and ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت اﻋﺘﻤﺎد ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﺮوض اﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ‬/‫اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
complexity of the project. The GDMP/ Amanat ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ وﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﺴﺠﻼت اﻟﻤﻴﺪاﻧﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻼت‬
shall approve all proposals for site validation, ‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﺪء‬/‫إﻟﻰ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
field records and analysis shall be submitted ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻹﺛﺒﺎت أن ﻇﺮوف اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
to the GDMP/ Amanat prior to the ‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺴﻠﻴﻤﺎت‬
commencement of work to demonstrate site .‫اﻟﻤﺆﺟﻠﺔ‬
conditions can support the specified
foundation design, similar to a deferred
submittal.
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F. Computer Aided Design ‫ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ اﻵﻟﻲ‬-‫و‬

In addition to the requirement listed in Volume 6, ‫ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬،‫إﺿﺎﻓًﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ اﻟﺴﺎدس‬
Chapter 6 (Document MMR-CAE-KE0-PR-000008 ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬- MMR-CAE-KE0-PR-000008 ‫اﻟﺴﺎدس )اﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ رﻗﻢ‬
Procedure – CAD Standards), the followings are ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ اﻵﻟﻲ( ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬
additional requirement for use of computer software .‫اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ اﻵﻟﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ واﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
in analysis and design.
1. For computer software that has built-in ‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ اﻵﻟﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺧﻮارزﻣﻴﺎت‬.1
algorithms to implement the provisions of ‫ﻣﺪﻣﺠﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﺷﺘﺮاﻃﺎت إﺻﺪارات ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج أو‬
particular versions of model or material ‫أﻛﻮاد ﺑﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﻮاد ﻳﺠﺐ إﺟﺮاء ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻟﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺎت أﻛﻮاد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬
building codes, an analysis of the ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎرة وﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
methodologies of the selected building code ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺣﺴﺐ أﻛﻮاد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎرة إﻣﺎ‬
and the building code used in the software ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﺪﺧﻼت ﻣﻌﺪﻟﺔ أو ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت‬
shall be performed to ensure consistency of .‫أﺣﻤﺎل ﻣﻌﺪﻟﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل أو اﻟﺨﻴﺎرﻳﻦ ﻣﻌًﺎ‬
methodology. The methodology of the
software shall be reconciled with the selected
building code(s) either through the use of
modified input data or through the use of
modified load factors within the load
combinations, or both.
2. The method of reconciliation of the building ‫ إن ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺎر ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﻛﻮد اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬.2
code selected for design and the building ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻟﺔ‬
code implemented in the software, as well as ‫أو ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ‬/‫و‬
the determination of the modified input data ‫ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﺎرﻳﺮ أﺳﺎﺳﺎ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت‬
and/or load combination factors that are ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻛﺘﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎت ﻓﻲ‬.‫اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬
utilized shall be included in the design basis ‫ﻣﺪﺧﻼت اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺗﺼﻒ ﻣﺒﺮرات اﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
reports and in the calculations. Notes shall be ‫أو ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻋﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻢ‬/‫اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻠﺔ و‬
included as comments in the software input .‫اﻟﻤﻌﺘﺎدة‬
that describe why the input information and/or
load combination factors are different than
the normal values.
3. 3D structural skeleton of total structure shall ‫ﻛ‬ ‫إﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬ ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻫﻴ‬.3
be provided (All four isometric views). .(‫)ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻇﺮ اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﻳﺔ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد‬
4. Structural Engineer shall itemize all input ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮات‬.4
variables and provide clear explanations for ،‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ )اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻼت وﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺷﺮوﺣﺎت واﺿﺤﺔ ﻟ‬
each variable (Loads, load combinations, ‫ اﻟﺴﻤﺎت‬،‫ أﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻃﻊ اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬،‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
defined section name, properties and ‫واﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼت وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ( ﻳﺠﺐ أﻳﻀًﺎ إدراج ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎرات‬
modifications, etc.). Acronyms and .‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
291
abbreviations used in software shall be listed.
5. Plan view (including with grid lines and ‫ ﻣﺴﻘﻂ أﻓﻘﻲ )ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺧﻄﻮط وأﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ( ﻟ‬.5
dimensions) for each level of structure ‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
showing each applied area loads and area .‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ أﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻤ ﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬
section names.
6. Elevation view at each gridline showing each ‫ﺧﻂ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬ ‫ ﻣﺴﻘﻂ رأﺳﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ‬.6
applied line loads and frame section names. .‫ﺧﻂ وأﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻃﻊ اﻹﻃﺎرﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
7. Plan view showing location and section name ‫ ﻣﺴﻘﻂ أﻓﻘﻲ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ وأﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬.7
of lateral load resisting system(s) at each level . ‫ﻃﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
of structure.
8. If software used has auto lateral load ‫ إذا ﺗﻀﻤﻦ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬.8
calculation function, list all input variables for ‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴًﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات‬
wind and seismic parameters with clear .‫اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻠﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح واﻟﺰﻻزل ﻣﻊ ﺷﺮوﺣﺎت واﺿﺤﺔ‬
explanations.
9. If hand calculation method used for lateral ‫ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎل اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﻴﺪوي ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻳﺠﺐ‬.9
loads, provide comprehensive calculation of ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎت ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬
loads and show how and where loads applied ‫ وﻋﻠﻰ‬. ‫وﻣﻮاﺿﻊ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
to structure. Structural engineer shall also ‫اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬
provide calculation for fundamental period of . ‫ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺮة اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
structure.
10. Information about assigned diaphragm shall ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺰ اﻟﻤﺤﺪد ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ‬.10
be provided including with location of .‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ رﺑﻂ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺰ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬
connection for diaphragm to lateral load
resisting system.
11. Output summary for lateral loads including but ‫ ﻣﺎ‬،‫ دون ﺣﺼﺮ‬،‫ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻣﺨﺮﺟﺎت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬.11
not limited to following information: :‫ﻳﻠﻲ‬
a) Story shear shown on elevation view ‫( ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﻘﻂ‬a
of structure ‫اﻟﺮأﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﻬﻴ‬
b) Base shear ‫( ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬b
c) Drift for each level of structure ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴ‬ ‫( اﻧﺰﻳﺎح أو اﻧﺠﺮاف‬c
12. Structural Engineer shall provide analysis and ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤ ﻬﻨﺪس اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ وﻣﺨﺮﺟﺎت‬.12
design outputs for each primary structural ،‫ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬،‫)اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ أوﻟﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﻴ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻟ‬
292
member (beams, columns, slab, foundation, ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺨﺮﺟﺎت‬.(‫ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺟﺪران اﻟﻘﺺ‬،‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬
shear walls, etc.). Design outputs should be .‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
conclusive, and results should be highlighted.
13. Most of structural analysis and design ‫ ﺗﺠﺮي ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ واﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة‬.13
software in market performs only macro level ‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻮق ﺗﺤﻠﻴًﻼ وﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤًﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟ ﻲ ﻣﻤﺎ‬
analysis and design, meaning, detailed ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺗﺮك اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺮواﺑﻂ وﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺔ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬
analysis of connections, checks for code ‫اﻟﻜﻮد وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ إﻣﺎ‬
requirements, etc. are left Structural Engineer ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎت اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ اﻟﻴﺪوﻳﺔ أو ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ آﺧﺮ‬
to design either with hand calculations or .‫اﻷﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻹدارة اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬
other software approved by GDMP/ Amanat.
Therefore, Structural Engineer shall provide ،‫وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻐﻄﻲ‬
comprehensive report including but not limited to the :‫ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‬،‫دون ﺣﺼﺮ‬
following:
a) Beam-Column, Slab-Column Joint Design ‫( ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺻﻼت اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت واﻷﻋﻤﺪة ووﺻﻼت‬a

‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت واﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬
b) Punching shear checks for flat slabs and ‫( ﻓﺤﺺ اﻟﻘﺺ اﻟﺜﺎﻗﺐ ﻟﻸﻟﻮاح اﻟﻤﺴﻄﺤﺔ‬b
footings ‫واﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬
c) Code requirement checks for size of ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺠﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬ ‫( ﻓﺤﺺ‬c
elements, grades, etc. .‫واﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
d) Steel column — concrete foundation ‫ رﺑﻂ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬- ‫( اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﻔﻮﻻذي‬d
connection including with base plate, anchor ‫ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ رﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻮاح اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ‬
bolt designs. .‫وﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎت ﻣﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬
e) Cladding connections to primary structural
members ‫( ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻼت اﻟﺘﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ‬e
f) Corbel, Ledge designs ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎت اﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ واﻟﺤﻮاف اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺌﺔ‬ (f
g) Diaphragm design ‫( ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺣﻮاﺟﺰ اﻟﺘﻘﻮﻳﺔ‬g
Attachment 2 - Specific Drawings Guidelines and ‫ اﻷدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ وﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬:(2) ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ‬
Requirements ‫ا ﻟﺨﺎ ﺻ ﺔ‬
A. General ‫ اﻋﺘﺒﺎرات ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬-‫أ‬
In addition to the general requirements listed above, ‫إﺿﺎﻓًﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬
structural drawings shall also include the specific ‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة اﻟﻮاردة ﻓﻲ‬
information provided in this appendix. .‫ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻖ‬
B. General Items ‫ ﺑﻨﻮد ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬-‫ب‬

1. Date & Purpose of each issue; ‫ﻣﺸ ﺔ واﻟﻐﺮض ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ‬.1
2. Applicable design and construction codes, ‫رﻣﻮز اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ واﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﻄﺒﻘﺔ واﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬/‫ أﻛﻮاد‬.2
standards and bylaws governing the work; .‫واﻟﻠﻮاﺋﺢ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﻜﻢ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
293
3. Materials to be used, including standards and ‫ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳُﺘﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬.3
grades; .‫واﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬
4. Description of the lateral load resisting ‫ وﺻﻒ ﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻗﺴﻢ‬.4
system under General Notes / Seismic ‫ اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ‬/ ‫اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎت اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
section;
5. Provisions for future extensions, if applicable; .‫ إذا ﻧﺖ ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ‬،‫ اﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎت اﻟﺘﻮﺳﻌﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬.5
6. Sequence of work, if this is critical to the ‫ ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل إذا ن ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ اﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻷداء اﻟﻬﻴ‬.6
function of the finished structure; .‫اﻟﻤﻜﺘﻤﻞ‬
7. Expansion, construction and control joint ‫ ﻣﻮاﺿﻊ ﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪ واﻟﻔﻮاﺻﻞ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ وﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬.7
locations and details; .‫اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ وﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬
8. Existing structural drawings, condition ‫ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ وﻣﺴﻮﺣﺎت اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ واﻟﺘﻘﺎرﻳﺮ‬.8
surveys and special reports prepared by .‫ إذا ﻟﺰم‬،‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ أﻋﺪﺗﻬﺎ ﺟﻬﺎت أﺧﺮى‬
others, when necessary;
9. Structurally derived dimensions (generally, ‫ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺮﺟﺔ ﻫﻴ ﻴًﺎ )ُﻳﻔﻀﻞ إﻳﻀﺎح ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬.9
grid line and overall building dimensions ‫واﻷﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ أو اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ‬
should preferably be shown, or the .(‫ﺗﻔﺎدﻳًﺎ ﻟﺘﻜﺮار اﻷﺑﻌﺎد واﻷﺧﻄﺎء اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻠﺔ‬
architectural drawings, to avoid the
duplication of dimensions and possible
errors);
10. Design criteria giving the appropriate ‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟّﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬.10
information for all vertical and horizontal ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮأﺳﻴﺔ واﻷﻓﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ إذا ﻧﺖ ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬
loads, designating them as live or dead and .‫أم ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ وﻣﺤﺪدة أم ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬
specified or factored;
11. Design criteria shall include Seismic and Wind ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟّﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬.11
load information. Wind load shall be clearly ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح ﺑﻮﺿﻮح‬.‫اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﻴﺔ وأﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬
identified for MWFRS and Components & ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎم اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻗﻮى اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬
Claddings. Include pressure diagrams if .‫ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﺣﻮاﺟﺰ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ إذا ﻟﺰم‬.‫واﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت واﻟﺘﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬
appropriate, and
12. Location and specification of temporary .‫ إذا ﻟﺰم‬،‫ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ وﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﺘﺪﻋﻴﻢ واﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻒ اﻟﻤﺆﻗﺖ‬.12
shoring / bracing if required.
294
C. Foundation Plans ‫ ﻣﺨﻄﻄﺎت اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬-‫ج‬

1. Grid lines and grid line dimensions as well as ‫ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ وأﺑﻌﺎد ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد‬.1
overall dimensions and structurally derived .‫اﻟ ﻴﺔ واﻷﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺔ ﻫﻴ ﻴًﺎ‬
dimensions;
2. Type, sizes, details and locations of ‫ ﻧﻮع وأﺣﺠﺎم وﻣﻮاﻗﻊ أﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻷﻋﻤﺪة واﻟﺠﺪران واﻟﺮ ﺋﺰ‬.2
foundations for columns, walls, piers, special ‫واﻟﻤﻌﺪات اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ م اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
equipment and other structural load bearing .‫ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل‬
components;
3. Drainage and dewatering requirements, if ‫ إذا ﻧﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ اﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ وﻧﻀﺢ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬.3
critical to the structural design; . ‫ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻬﻴ‬
4. The anticipated bottom elevation of .‫ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻘﺎع اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻟﻸﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬.4

foundations;
5. Sub-grade preparation for slabs-on-grade, as ‫ إﻋﺪاد اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ ﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ‬.5
well as the thickness, reinforcing and .‫ﺳﻤﻚ وﺗﺴﻠﻴﺢ وارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬
elevation of the slabs-on-grade;
6. Waterproofing details for foundations, if .‫ إذا ﻟﺰم‬،‫ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻤﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻸﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬.6
required;
7. Design soil or rock bearing values, with ‫ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ أو ﻗﻴﻢ اﻟﺼﺨﺮ اﻟﺤﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ‬.7
reference to pertinent geotechnical reports; .‫اﻟﺘﻘﺎرﻳﺮ اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﻨﻴﺔ‬
8. The location of existing adjacent services, ‫ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت واﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ وﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬.8
foundations and site information made known ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺎت أﺧﺮى ﻟﻠﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ واﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺪ‬
to structural Engineers by others, which may .‫ﺗﺘﻀﺎرب ﻣﻊ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ أو اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ‬
conflict with structural footings or
foundations;
9. In addition, where underpinning and/or ‫ وﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ن اﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ أو اﻟﺘﺪﻋﻴﻢ ﻣﺤﺪدًا ﻟﻴﺠﺮي‬،‫ ﺑﺠﺎﻧﺐ ذﻟﻚ‬.9
shoring is specified to be designed by others, ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺟﻬﺎت أﺧﺮى ﻓﻌﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ‬
structural engineers should indicate on the ‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﻴﻦ اﻹﺷﺎرة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘﻲ‬
drawings the areas to be underpinned or ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺘﻬﺎ أو ﺗﺪﻋﻴﻤﻬﺎ واﻟﺤﺪ اﻷﻗﺼﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻪ‬
shored, the maximum allowable deflections .‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺠﺎﻧﻒ واﻟﻬﺒﻮط وﻏﻴﺮ ذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻴﻮد أو اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬
and settlements, and other restrictions or ‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﻴﻦ ﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬
criteria. When structural engineers are ‫ﻓﻴﺔ وﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ اﻟﺘﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت‬ ‫إﻳﺮاد ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬
designing underpinning, they should indicate ‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
on the drawings adequate details and
construction sequences, and
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10. Foundation for vendor supplied structures: ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس‬:‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ أﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬.10
Structural engineer shall provide full design ‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ اﻟ ﻣﻠﺔ‬
drawings for foundation and capacity table for .‫ﻟﻸﺳﺎﺳﺎت وﺟﺪول اﻟﺴﻌﺎت ﻟﻸﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬
the foundation.
D. Framing Plans of Floors, Roofs Walls and ‫ ﻣﺨﻄﻄﺎت ﺗﺄﻃﻴﺮ اﻟﻄﻮاﺑﻖ وﺟﺪران اﻟﺴﻘﻒ واﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬-‫د‬
Ancillary Structures ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة‬
1. Grid lines and structurally derived dimensions, ‫ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ واﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺮﺟﺔ ﻫﻴ ﻴًﺎ واﻷﺑﻌﺎد‬.1
dimensions to outside of structural floor plate ‫إﻟﻰ أﻟﻮاح اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ أو اﻷﺑﻌﺎد‬
from grid or overall dimensions of floor plate; .‫اﻟ ﻴﺔ ﻷﻟﻮاح اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬
2. Size and location of all structural framing ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺣﺠﻢ وﻣﻮﺿﻊ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺘﺄﻃﻴﺮ اﻟﻬﻴ ﻲ‬.2
components for the Building Structure must . ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﻬﻴ‬ ‫اﺗﺠﺎه وﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ ﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻴ‬
be shown for each direction and at all levels of
structure;
3. Indicate location of each lateral force resisting ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﻟﻠﻘﻮى اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ اﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬.3
component such as, but not limited to, lateral ،‫ ﺟﺪران اﻟﻘﺺ‬،‫ اﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻒ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬،‫ دون ﺣﺼﺮ‬،‫وﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬
bracing, shear walls, moment frames. .‫إﻃﺎرات اﻟﻌﺰم‬
4. Location and magnitude of additional loads, ‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪات‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬ ‫وﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬.4
such as mechanical unit, considerably heavy ‫اﻟﻤﻴ ﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ واﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﺜﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﺟﺪًا واﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬
architectural futures, special equipment, etc. ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺤﺪد اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﺎ إذا ﻧﺖ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬.‫ إﻟﺦ‬،‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬
The drawing must indicate whether loads .‫اﻟﻮاردة أﺣﻤﺎل ﺧﺪﻣﺔ أم أﺣﻤﺎل ﻣﻌﺪﻟﺔ‬
noted are service or factored loads;
5. Slopes and depressions or references to ‫ اﻟﻤﻴﻮل واﻻﻧﺨﻔﺎﺿﺎت أو اﻹﺷﺎرات إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬.5
drawings by others that show that information; .‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺟﻬﺎت أﺧﺮى وﺗﻮﺿﺢ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
6. Locations, sizes and framing details or ‫ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ وﺣﺠﻢ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺄﻃﻴﺮ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬.6
reinforcing around openings on structural .‫اﻟﻬﻴ ﻴﺔ‬
members;
7. Reference elevations of floors or roof(s); .‫ اﻻرﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻸرﺿﻴﺎت واﻷﺳﻘﻒ‬.7
8. Reinforcing bar sizes and spacing for .‫ أﺣﺠﺎم ﻗﻀﺒﺎن اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ وﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬.8
concrete members;
9. Conditions at change of elevation of the ‫؛ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻬﻴ‬.9
structure, conditions at intersections of ‫ وﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ إﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ‬،‫ﻣﻮاد إﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
different structural materials, and at .‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ إﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
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interaction of structural and non-structural

components;
10. Direct forces, moments, shears or torsion ‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة واﻟﻌﺰم وﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل أو‬.10
required for the preparation of shop and detail ‫اﻻﻟﺘﻮاء اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻹﻋﺪاد رﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ واﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت‬
drawings; .‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬
11. Standards to which detailing should conform; .‫ اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻠﺘﺰم ﺑﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬.11
12. Sufficient detail cuts, references to schedules ‫ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟ ﻓﻴﺔ وﻣﺮاﺟﻊ اﻟﺠﺪاول اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ واﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬.12
and specific information identifying the .‫اﻟﻤﺤﺪدة اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
Structural Components.
13. Connections between similar materials and ‫ ﻳﺼﻤﻢ ﻣﻬﻨﺪس اﻟﻤﻮرد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎدة اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاد‬.13
materials manufactured offsite are generally ‫ وﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺘﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ واﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ ﺧﺎرج اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
designed by the supplier's engineer. ‫اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬
Therefore, structural engineer shall .‫واﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ واﻟﻤﺤﺪدة واﻟﻤﻌﺪﻟﺔ ﺗﻔﺎدﻳًﺎ ﻷي ﻟﺒﺲ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ‬
differentiate between live and dead and
specified and factored loads, to avoid
possible confusion.
14. Framing plans for vendor supplied structures: ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ‬:‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ‬ ‫ ﻣﺨﻄﻄﺎت ﺗﺄﻃﻴﺮ اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬.14
Structural engineer shall provide schematic ‫اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺧﻄﺔ ﺗﺄﻃﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﺑﺄﺣﺠﺎم‬
frame plan with adequate sizing of all ‫ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ أﻳﻀًﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬، ٍ ‫ﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ وﻋﻠﻰ‬
structural members, however, Structural ‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮة ﺗﻮﺿﺢ أن اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺪرج ﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﻄﻂ اﻟﺘﺄﻃﻴﺮ‬
engineer shall also provide note to clarify that .‫اﺳﺘﺮﺷﺎدي وﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟ ﻣﻞ‬
shown design on framing plan is indicative and
it is vendor's responsibility to provide full
design.
E. Column Information Showing ‫ ﻋﺮض ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬-‫ﻪ‬

1. Elevations of top and bottom of columns; .‫ ارﺗﻔﺎع رأس وﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬.1
2. Member sizes; .‫ أﺣﺠﺎم اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬.2
3. Reinforcing steel details for concrete .‫ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ﻟﻸﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬.3
columns;
4. Proposed splice locations for structural steel ‫ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻼت اﻟﺘﺮاﻛﺒﻴﺔ ﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬.4
and concrete columns, and .‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ واﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
5. Column axial loads and bending moments to ‫ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﻮرﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﻋﻤﺪة وﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت ﻋﺰم اﻻْﻧِﺤﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ‬.5
be resisted. .‫ﺑﺤﺎﺟﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬
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F. Sections and Details ‫ اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻃﻊ واﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬-‫و‬

1. Elevations, sections, and details are to be at an ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻻرﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت واﻟﻤﻘﺎﻃﻊ واﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺑﻤﻘﻴﺎس‬.1
appropriate scale to portray the relationship ‫ﻻﺳﻢ ﻣﻼﺋﻢ ﻟﺘﻌﻜﺲ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬
of structural elements to each other and their ‫ وﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬.‫واﻟﺮواﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﺘﺪاﺧﻠﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬
interconnection(s). Sections and details are to ‫واﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪد اﻟ ﻓﻲ ﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت‬
be in sufficient number to show all non-typical .‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ وﻣﻮاﺿﻌﻬﺎ وﻣﺪاﻫﺎ‬
conditions, their locations and extent.
2. Primary Structural Component connections ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻷوﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ‬.2
required to transfer gravity load from roof to ‫ﻟﻨﻘﻞ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻘﻒ إﻟﻰ ﺳﻘﻒ إﻟﻰ‬
floor to foundation must be detailed. These ‫ اﻟﺮواﻓﺪ إﻟﻰ‬،‫ دون ﺣﺼﺮ‬،‫ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ‬.‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬
connections would include, but are not limited ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎرﺿﺔ‬،‫ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎرﺿﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻋﺎرﺿﺔ‬،‫اﻟﻌﺎرﺿﺎت أو اﻟﺠﺪران‬
to, joist to beam or wall, beam-to-beam, beam .‫إﻟﻰ ﻋﻤﻮد وﻣﻦ ﻋﻤﻮد إﻟﻰ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬
to column and column to foundation.
3. Structural detailing of Secondary Structural ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬.3
Components such as parapets, fascias and ‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﻨﺎت‬
canopies must be included in the structural .‫واﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺎت واﻟﻤﻈﻼت‬
drawings.
4. Details must be shown for all lateral force ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻟﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻮى‬.4
resisting connections. These types of ‫ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺮواﺑﻂ ﻫﺬه ﻧﻘﻞ ﻗﺺ اﻟﺤﻮاﺟﺰ‬.‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ‬
connections are; diaphragm shear transfer, ‫ رواﺑﻂ‬،‫ رواﺑﻂ اﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻒ‬،‫ اﻹرﺳﺎء ﺧﺎرج اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬،‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻴﺔ‬
out of plane anchorage, bracing connections, .‫إﻃﺎر اﻟﻌﺰم وﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻘﻮة إﻟﻰ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬
moment frame connections and force
transfer to foundations.
5. Typical details should be used where ‫ن ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﻨﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ‬.5
appropriate; however, care should be taken to ‫ﻣﻼﺋﻤًﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺐ اﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎه ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ أن اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬
determine that details noted as "typical" are ‫ﺑﺼﻔﺔ "ﻧﻤﻮذﺟﻴﺔ" ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻜﺴﻬﺎ وأن‬
applicable to the condition being portrayed .‫ﻣﻮاﺿﻌﻬﺎ وﻣﺪاﻫﺎ ﺻﺮﻳﺤﻴﻦ‬
and that their locations and extent are explicit.
G. Other Information ‫ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت أﺧﺮى‬-‫ز‬

1. Structural details of masonry bearing and ‫ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻷﺣﻤﺎل وﺣﺪات اﻟﺒﻨﺎء وﺟﺪران اﻟﻘﺺ‬.1
shear walls, including details of reinforcing, ‫ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ ودﻋﻢ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل وإﺟﺮاءات اﻟﻘﻤﻂ‬
support of loads, lintels and grouting .‫واﻟﻤﻼط‬
procedures.
2. Structural details of reinforced concrete ‫ اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎت‬،‫ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ‬.2
elements, openings in members, change in ‫ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬،‫ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬
298
floor elevations, sufficiently detailed to enable ‫ﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻤﻜﻴﻦ اﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ إﻋﺪاد اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
others to prepare shop drawings. .‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬
3. Elevations and details of custom designed ‫ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت وﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﺧﺼﻴﺼًﺎ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ‬.3
trusses, including direct forces, moments, ‫ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮة وﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﻌﺰم واﻟﻘﺺ واﻻﻟﺘﻮاء‬
shears and torsion to be resisted by each .‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
member.
4. Subgrade preparation for slabs on grade, ‫ إﻋﺪاد اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ﺑﻨﺎًء‬.4
based on the geotechnical engineer's ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎت اﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪس اﻟﺠﻴﻮﺗﻘﻨﻲ وﺳﻤﻚ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬
recommendations, and slabs on earth ‫ ﻳﺠﺐ أن ﺗﺸﻴﺮ‬.‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷرض وارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
thickness and elevation of main slab. ‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت أﻳﻀًﺎ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻘﺪ اﻷﺧﺮى‬
Drawings should also make reference to other ‫اﻻرﺗﺪادات‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺜﻞ‬
contract drawings for such additional details .‫واﻻﻧﺨﻔﺎﺿﺎت واﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬
as recesses, depressions, pits.
5. Design loadings, details of reinforcing steel, if ،‫ إن وﺟﺪت‬،‫ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ وﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻓﻮﻻذ اﻟﺘﺴﻠﻴﺢ‬.5
any, and the location and details of control and .‫وﻣﻮﺿﻊ وﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﻣﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ وﻓﻮاﺻﻞ اﻟﺘﻤﺪد‬
expansion joints.
299
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MMR CAE KES GL 000001 000 Structural Design Guideline

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MMR CAE KES GL 000001 000 Structural Design Guideline

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‫إدارة اﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ اﻻﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻲ واﻟﺪراﺳﺎت واﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬

Strategic Planning, Studies and Engineering

‫اﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬

MMR-CAE-KES-GL-000001 Rev 000

‫‪Document Control Information‬‬ ‫ﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬

‫‪Authorised for Use‬‬ ‫ﻣّﺼﺮح ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬

‫‪Revision History‬‬ ‫ﺳﺠﻞ اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻌﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺻﺪار‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬ ‫أﺻﺪره‬

‫‪000‬‬ ‫‪06-Jan-2022‬‬ ‫‪For Use‬‬ ‫‪GDMP‬‬

‫إﺷﻌﺎر ﻫﺎم وإﺧﻼء ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﻴﺔ‬

TABLE OF CONTENTS ‫ﺟﺪول اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت‬

2.2.3.3 Drift ..............................................................................34 34 ........................................................................... ‫اﻻﻧﺰﻳﺎح‬ 2.2.3.3

2.7.1 General........................................................................76 76 .................................................................. ‫ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ 2.7.1

5.6.1 General..................................................................... 198 198 ............................................................................. ‫ﻋﺎم‬ 5.6.1

6.1 General..................................................................... 234 234 ............................................................................. ‫ﻋﺎم‬ 6.1

7.4.2.3 Crevice Corrosion................................................ 266 266 ........................................................ ‫اﻟﺘﺸﻘﻘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺂ‬ 7.4.2.3

1.0 GENERAL ‫ ﻋﺎم‬1.0

Important Note: :‫ﺗﻨﻮﻳﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ‬

1.1 DEFINITIONS ‫ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎت‬1.1

 Amanat / Amana ‫أ ﻣﺎﻧﺎت‬/‫أﻣﺎﻧﺔ‬ 

 Architectural/ Engineering (A/E) Consultant ‫ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬/‫اﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎري اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎري‬ 

 Abutment ‫ﻛﺘﻒ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ 

 Backwall ‫اﻟﺠﺪار اﻟﺨﻠﻔﻲ‬ 

 Bridge Seat ‫ﻣﻘﻌﺪ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ 

 Brush Curb ‫ﺑﺮدور ﻓﺮﺷﺎة‬ 

 Cofferdam (‫ﺳﺪ اﻹﻧﻀﺎب )ﺳﺪ ﻣﺆﻗﺖ‬ 

 Cross Section ‫اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻲ‬ 

 Deck ‫أرﺿﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ 

 Dead Loads ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬ 

 Diaphragm Chord ‫وﺗﺮ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺰ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ‬ 

 Flexible Diaphragm ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺰ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻤﺮن‬ 

 Rigid Diaphragm ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺰ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ 

 Duration of Load ‫ُﻣﺪُة اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬ 

 Essential Facilities ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﻓﻖ اﻟﺤﻴﻮﻳﺔ‬ 

 Factored Load ْ‫ اﻟِﺤ‬

 Impact Load ‫ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﺼﺪم‬ 

 Limit State ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺔ‬ 

 Live Loads ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ 

 Live Loads (Roof) (‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ )اﻟﺴﻘﻒ‬ 

 Load Effects ‫آﺛﺎر اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬ 

 Load Factor ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬ 

 Nominal Loads ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻻﺳﻤﻲ‬ 

 Occupancy Category ‫ﻓﺌﺔ اﻹﺷﻐﺎل‬ 

based on occupancy. .‫اﻹﺷﻐﺎل‬

 Other Structures ‫اﻷﺧﺮى‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻴﺎ‬ 

 Resistance Factor ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ 

 Strength, Nominal ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻻﺳﻤﻴﺔ‬ 

 Fixed Support ‫اﻟﺘﺪﻋﻴﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬ 

 Strength Required ‫اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ‬ 

 Strength Design ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻘﻮة‬ 

 Fascia Girder ‫ﻋﺎرﺿﺔ ﻛﺒﻴﺮة ﺑﺎﻟﻮاﺟﻬﺔ‬ 

 Feature Crossed ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ‬ 

 Feature Carried ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬ 

 Substructure ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻴ‬ 

 Super elevation ‫اﻟﺮﻓﻊ اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬ 

 Superstructure ‫ﻓﻮﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻴ‬ 

 Surcharge ‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻹﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬ 

 U-Wingwall ‫ﺣﺪوة‬ ‫ﺟﺪار ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ ﺑﺸ‬ 

 Underdrain Filter ‫ﻣﺮﺷﺢ اﻟﺼﺮف اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻲ‬ 

 Vertical Clearance ‫ُﺧُﻠﻮص رأﺳﻲ‬ 

 Wingwall ‫ﺟﺪار ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻲ‬ 

1.2 ABBREVIATIONS ‫ اﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎرات‬1.2

1.3 RELATED CHAPTERS ‫ اﻟﻔﺼﻮل ذات اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬1.3

and References .‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬