You cannot always control what goes

on outside. But can always control

what goes on inside.

- Wayne Dyer
RESISTANCE, INDUCTANCE & CAPACITANCE
Topic 10
PURELY RESISTIVE LOAD
The circuit is shown in Fig. 10.1. Let the applied voltage
be given by the equation.
v = Vm sin θ = Vm sin ωt (1)
Let R = ohmic resistance ; i = instantaneous current
Obviously, the applied voltage has to supply ohmic voltage
drop only. Hence for equilibrium
v = iR ;
Putting the value of ‘v’ from above, we get
Vm sin ωt = iR ;
i = Vm sin ωt / R (2)
Current ‘i’ is maximum when sin ωt is unity ; ß = ωt
∴ Im = Vm/R
Hence, equation (2) becomes,
i = Im sin ωt (3)
Comparing (1) and (2), we find that the alternating
voltage and current are in phase with each
other as shown in Fig. 10.2.
PURELY RESISTIVE LOAD

Figure 10.1 Figure 10.2

Example 1
A 60 hz voltage of 120 V (rms) is impressed on a 100 ohm
resistance : compute (a) the maximum voltage and (b) the maximum
current.

Solution:

(a) Vm = √2 V = √2 (120) =169.71 volts ans.

(b) Im= Vm/R = 169.71/100 = 1.7 A ans.

Incandescent Bulb
PURELY INDUCTIVE LOAD
Max. value of i is Im = Vm/ωL when sin (ωt – π/2) is unity.
where the ωL is the inductive reactance (XL), then,
XL = ωL; XL = 2πfL
then, Im = Vm/XL
Hence, the equation of the current becomes
i = Im sin (ωt − π/2).
So, we find that if applied voltage is represented by
v = Vm sin ωt,
then current flowing in a purely inductive circuit is given by
i = Im sin (ωt − π/2).
PURELY INDUCTIVE LOAD
Example 2
Through a coil of inductance 1 henry and a frequency of
60 hz. Compute its reactance value

Solution:

XL = 2πfL
= 2π(60)(1)
XL = 376.99 ohms ans.
Motor
PURELY CAPACITIVE LOAD
Max. value of i is Im = Vm/ XC
where the XC is the capacitive reactance (XC), then,
XC = 1/ωC ; XC = 1/ 2πfC
Hence, the equation of the current becomes
i = Im sin (ωt + π/2).
So, we find that if applied voltage is represented by
v = Vm sin ωt,
then current flowing in a purely capacitive circuit is given by
i = Im sin (ωt + π/2).
PURELY CAPACITIVE LOAD
Example 3
A 50 hz voltage of 220 volts effective value is impressed on
a capacitance of 28 µF. Compute (a) the maximum voltage and (b)
the capacitive reactance.

Solution:
(a) Vm = √2 V = √2 (220) =311.13 volts ans.

(b) XC = 1/ 2πfC
= 1/{2π(50 hz)(28x10-6 F)}
= 113.68 ohms ans.
Example. Capacitor
Excerpt from Electrical Technology by Theraja,
Basic Electricity by Gussow
and Electrical Circuits by Siskind