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Figure 1 shows a sample of a BOQ.

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Figure 1 shows a sample of a BOQ.

Item Description column provides

a brief explanation of what to be
done. For example, in the first
item in Site works, Demolition
Works, meaning existing
structures should be removed first
prior to other works. Specification
& drawings are other two
important items to be analyzed in
detail for clear understanding.
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1. EARTHWORKS
1.01 ACRONYMS

AASHTO American Association of State Highway and

Transportation Officials

ANSI American National Standards Institute

ASTM American Society for Testing Materials

DPWH Dept. of Public Works and Highways (Phil Govt)

USCS Unified Soil Classification System

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1.02 DEFINITIONS, STANDARD TESTS

AASHTO SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

• classifies inorganic soils for suitability as subgrade materials

in terms of good drainage and bearing capacity.

AASHTO defines particle sizes as:

• Boulders – above 75mm

• Gravel – 75mm to No.10 sieve
• Coarse Sand – No.10 to No.40 sieve
• Fine Sand – No.40 to No.200 sieve
• Silt-Clay Particles – passing No.200 sieve
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1.02 DEFINITIONS, STANDARD TESTS

ATTERBERG LIMITS are tests performed on soils passing the
No.40 sieve to establish the following:

Liquid Limit (LL) the moisture content at which soil

changes from a liquid to a plastic state
as moisture is removed. It is measured
when soil in a shallow dish flows to
close a 12.5 mm groove after 25 drops
from 1 cm.
Plastic Limit (PL) the moisture content at which soil
passes from plastic to a semi-solid
state as water is removed.
Plasticity Index (PI) equals Liquid Limit minus the Plastic
Limit (LL – PL = PI)

SL PL PI LL
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1.02 DEFINITIONS, STANDARD TESTS

a. Fill materials - soil, crushed stone, and sand used to

raise an existing grade, or as a man-made-deposit;
generally used under footings, pavers, or concrete slabs on
grade; classified under the Unified Soil Classification
System (USCS) as:

• GW, GM, GP – Gravels with >

50% retained on No. 200 sieve
and > 50% further retained on
No.40 sieve.

• SW, SM – or Sands with > 50%

are retained on No. 200 sieve
and 50% or more passes No.40
sieve.
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1.02 DEFINITIONS, STANDARD TESTS

b. Granular Fill or Filters – soil materials with sand

equivalent of not less than 50%; used to prevent the
movement of fine particles out of soils and other natural
materials through which seepage occurs; conforming to
ASTM C 33, size 67.
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1.02 DEFINITIONS, STANDARD TESTS

c. Borrow Fill - selected laboratory-approved pit-run gravel,

disintegrated granite, sand, shale, cinders or other similar
materials with not more than 35% fraction passing the No.
200 sieve.
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1.02 DEFINITIONS, STANDARD TESTS

d. Base Course Materials -

hard durable fragments of
stone and a filler of sand or
other finely divided mineral
matter, free from vegetable
matter and lumps of clay,
complying with the following
AASHTO METHODS T-11
and T-26 Grading
Requirements:

Sieve Designation Percent Weight Passing

U.S. Standard Sieve Type "B" Base Course
1 - 1/2" 100
1" 85 - 100
No. 4 20 - 45
No. 200 5 - 12
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1.02 DEFINITIONS, STANDARD TESTS

Local Borrow Fill materials:

BANDAY BANDA
LASTILLAS (Mortar Fillers)
BASE COURSE
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1.02 DEFINITIONS, STANDARD TESTS

Local Borrow Fill materials:

ESCOMBRO P5,000 per 15 16 cum
ESCOMBRO – BULIK (for Riprap)
(Earthfill)
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