Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction Micropara
Introduction Micropara
Reading assignment:
1. Aberration 7. Köhler Illumination
2. Contrast 8. Mechanical tube length
3. Depth of field 9. Numerical aperture
2
4. Depth of focus 10. Refractive index
5. Immersion fluid 11. Resolution
6. Working distance 12. Parfocal
SIMPLE MICROSCOPE
- A simple microscope contains a single bi-convex magnifying lens which
is thicker in the center than at the periphery.
The Janssen microscope consisted of an object lens (objective) that was placed
close to the specimen and the eye, or an ocular lens that was placed close to 5
the eye. The lenses were separated by a body tube.
- The objective lens projects a magnified image into the body tube and
the eyepiece magnifies the projected image
6
THE LIGHT MICROSCOPE
- The light microscope is an instrument for visualizing fine detail of an
object. It does this by creating a magnified image through the use of a
series of glass lenses, which first focus a beam of light onto or through
an object, and convex objective lenses to enlarge the image formed.
7
DARK-FIELD MICROSCOPE 。
1
The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
- The more contemporary form electron thanmicroscope. E
- mi cr oscopegiv el o wer ma gnif i the T M
- permits th ree -dimen sional vi ew s of microorganisms anothe
d
objects.
The Scanning
e tunneling
n Microscope (STM) 1
Branches of Microbiology
14
ü Bacteriology
ü Mycology
ü Virology
ü Phycology
ü Protozoology
BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS
Biological warfare may be defined as
intentional use of doses to harm or kill an
adversary military forces, population, food or
livestock and includes any living, or nonliving 1
organisms or its bioactive substance (toxin).
The same organism must be isolated again from the diseased host
日 Fannie Eilshemius Hesse – suggested the use of agar as a solidifying
agent 日 Richard Petri – developed the petri dish (plate)
日 Martinus Beijerinck and Sergie Winogradsky – developed the
enrichment- culture technique and the use of selective media
TAXONOMY
Bacterial taxonomy is concerned with the naming of bacterial
organisms and with organizing these names according to various
criteria. Overall, classification involves the recognition of similarities
and relationships as a basis for the arrangement of the bacteria into
26
taxonomic groups or taxa. The basic taxon is the species.
Identification also involves the recognition of a bacterium as a
member of one of the established taxa, appropriately named, by
the comparison of a number of characters with those in the
description.
3 PARTS OF TAXONOMY
- Classification
• Arrangement of organisms into groups or taxa (sing. taxum)
• Based on mutual similarity or relatedness
- Nomenclature 2
Kingdoms