Lesson Plan in Grade 7

Prepared by: Mira E. Bagay

Learning Competency: Distinguish mixtures from substances based on a set of properties

I. Objectives
At the end of discussion, students should be able to;
o Define acid and base
o Describe the physical and chemical properties of acids and bases
o Use Ph scale to measure the acid / base level of the material
o Explain the uses of acid and bases in our everyday life

II. Subject Matter

a. Topic: Acid and Base
b. Instructional Materials: PowerPoint Presentation, Laptop, White Board Marker
c. Reference:

III. Lesson Proper

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY LEARNER’S ACTIVITY

A. Preliminary Activities
o Prayer
o Greetings
o Classroom Management
o Checking of
Attendance/Assignment
B. Motivation
"I will present a series of pictures to you, and
your task will be to describe their flavors."

"Do you understand?" Yes, ma’am

1.

“ It is has sour taste ma’am”

2.

“ It is sour ma’am”
3.

“ It is has bitter taste”

4.

“ It is has also a bitter taste ma’am”

5.

“ It taste sour ma’am”

“Okay, very good. All of your answers are

correct.”

“This substances like lemon, tamarind, and

vinegar which are sour in taste, is due to the
presence of chemicals called acids.”

“ While materials like Baking soda and soap are

bitter in taste and have a soapy touch due to the
presence of chemicals called bases.”

“ And later on we will tackle more of this.”

C. Presentation
"From our small activity a while ago do you “ It is all about Acid and Base ma’am.”
have any idea what would be our lesson for
today?".

"Excellent"

"Today's lesson you should be able to describe

the physical and chemical properties of acids
and bases. Determine the uses of acid and bases
in our everyday life and also learn how to use Ph
scale to measure the acid / base level of the
material

D. Analysis and Discussion

Base on the activity a while ago, can you define "Acids are substances that taste sour.”
what is acid?
“Okay, very good. Acids are substances that
taste sour. It comes from the Latin word “acidus”
which means sour. And it is one of the
properties of Acid.”

“Can you give another example of Acid? "Examples are Grapes, Vinegar, Oranges and
etc."

“Yes, very good. So are all acids sour to taste?” “No, ma'am. Not all acids taste sour”

"Why" "Not all acidic substances has the strong

acidity."

“Correct. Just like coffee, coffee is an Acid but "No, ma'am"

does it taste sour?"

"Okay. Because not all acids are strong enough

to produce a sour taste. And the intensity of
sourness may vary in different acids. But the
overall taste of acids is always sour”

"Another properties of acid, is acids usually

contain hydrogen ions (H+) that they can
release when dissolved in water. This numbers of
hydrogen ions release in water, can indicate the
strength of an acid.

"Does more H+ ions contain in an acidic

“More acidic ma’am”
substance become more acidic or not?

“ Very good. The more H+ ions, the more acidic

the solution.”

"Another properties of Acid is that it turns blue

litmus paper red."

"What is a litmus paper? Any idea? "Litmus paper is a simple pH indicator used to
test whether a solution is acidic or basic."

"Okay, very good. Litmus paper is a commonly

use indicator that tells us if that solution we are
testing is an acid or base. It is a small strip of
paper, that is dipped into the solution you are
testing, then it changes color depending on the
pH of the solution.

"And because it is acidic, litmus paper turns "Red, ma'am"

what color."

"Very good. It turns litmus paper red or pink."

“Do you have a queston about Acid? “No,ma’am”

Let’s proceed to base. Again, base on our activity “Base is a solution that taste bitter ma’am.”
a while ago, Who can define what is base.

“Okay, very good. Bases on the other hand, Is

also known as "Alkaline" and it typically taste
bitter.”

“ For example soap. When added to water what

“It creates bubble ma’am an it will become
do you think will happen to the soap?
slippery.”
“Okay, so bases like soap, when added to water
give foam and feel slippery to the touch.

"Can you give me another example of base?" "Ditergent ma'am, shampoo, baking soda and
etc."
“Very good."

"Unlike Acids who releases hydrogen ions when

dissolves in water. Basis on the other hand
releases Hydroxide (OH-) when dissolves in
water.

"Why do bases feel slippery and soapy? "Because of the Hydroxide (OH-) ions ma'am."

"Very good. This Hydroxide ions in a base help

make it feel slippery and soapy. That is the
reason why bases are slippery and soapy."

"Lastly, litmus paper turns what color if it is a "Blue, ma'am"

basic solution?"

"Yes, red litmus paper turns blue if it is a base."

"Again this are the properties of Acid and Base."

ACID BASE
Taste Sour Taste Bitter
Do not feel slippery Feel slippery and
Soapy
Release Hydrogen Release Hydroxide
(H+) ions in aqueous (OH-) ions in aqueous ...
solution solution
Turns Litmus paper Turns Litmus paper
red/pink Blue

"Questions about Acid and base?" No, ma’am

“But, what do you think will happen if we “Acid and bases react with each other ma’am.”
combined an acid and a base. Would the
resulting solution possibly lead to an explosion?"

“Okay very good. It will not explode but there

will be a reaction happen called "neutralization
reaction, resulting in the formation of water and
a salt.

"Just like this example."

"Base in this example, where do you think is our "HCl is our Acid ma'am because of the
Acid and Base?" presence of hydrogen ions, while NaOH is our
base of the presence of Hydroxide (OH-) ions."

"Excellent. Base on the picture the hydrogen ion

(H+) from the acid (Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
combines with the hydroxide ion (OH-) from the
base (Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) to form water
(H2O). The sodium ion (Na+) from the base
combines with the chloride ion (Cl-) from the
acid to form sodium chloride (NaCl), which is
commonly known as table salt.

"This neutralization reaction can occur between

both strong and weak acids and bases. But how
do we know if that Acid or a base is a strong or
weak acid or bases?

"By using?" "By Using the pH Scale ma'am."

"Very good. By using the pH scale we can

measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, on
how acidic or Basic the solution is."

"This is the pH scale look like."

"Based on the Figure, what does the range from "The range from 0-14 on the pH scale indicates
0 – 14 indicate? " the acidity or alkalinity of a solution."

"Very good. Base on this figure, An acid or a

base that has a pH of 7 means it's neutral,
neither a base or an acid.

"How about pH that is less than 7?" "A pH value that is less than 7 indicates an
acidic solution, ma'am."
"Okay, very good. Note that in Acids the lower
the pH value the more acidic it is."

"How about the pH of greater than 7, what does

"A pH greater than 7 indicates alkalinity or
it indicate?" basicity."

"Corr ect. While in base the the higher the pH

value the more basic or alkaline nature of the
solution is."

"Now, which one between gastric juice that has "Gastric juice is more acidic than tomatoes due
3.5 pH and tomato with the pH of 4.6 is more to its lower pH value, ma'am."
acidic? Why?"

"Very good. The more lower pH value, the more

acidic."

"How about this one. Which one between an "The ammonia solution with a pH of 11.5 is
ammonia solution with a pH of 11.5 and a more basic compared to the solution of baking
solution of baking soda with a pH of 8.3 is more soda with a pH of 8.3. This is because the
basic? Why?" higher pH value of 11.5."

"Very good. Any questions?" "No, ma'am"

E. Generalization

"Again, who can give me the difference between Acid taste sour, while base taste bitter and
an acid and a base?" slippery, ma'am.

"Very good. Another?" "Acid releases hydrogen ions while base

releases hydroxide ions ma'am when dissolves
in water.
 "Excellent. And lastly." "The litmus paper turns pink or red when it is
acid ma'am, while it turns blue when the
solution is basic."
"Very good. All of your answers are correct."

"Can you explain to me the importance of acid "Acids for instance is present in many fruits
and base in our everyday lives." and is used as a flavoring agent. Vinegar,
which contains acetic acid, is used for cooking
and cleaning."

"Very good. How about base? "Base can be used for cleaning ma'am."

"Yes, last question. How does the pH scale help "The pH scale helps us assess and understand
us when it comes to the acidity and basicity of the acidity or basicity of products by providing
products? a standardized measurement for their pH
levels, allowing us to determine their suitability
for various applications in industry ma'am."

F. Application

1. Which one between a solution of bleach with

a pH of 12.5 and a solution of milk of magnesia
with a pH of 10.5 is more basic?
2. Comparing a solution of lemon juice with a pH
of 2.3 and a solution of vinegar with a pH of 2.8,
which one is more acidic?
3. Comparing a solution of household ammonia
with a pH of 11.0 and a solution of sea water
with a pH of 8.0, which one is more basic?
4. Between a solution of hydrochloric acid with a
pH of 1.0 and a solution of orange juice with a
pH of 3.5, which one is more acidic?
5. Considering a solution of sulfuric acid with a
pH of 0.5 and a solution of black coffee with a
pH of 5.0, which one is more acidic?

IV. EVALUATION
Direction: Answer this in a 1/2 sheet of paper.

1.Comparing a solution of stomach acid with a pH of 1.5 and a solution of apple juice with a pH of 3.0,
which one is more acidic?
2. Between a solution of vinegar with a pH of 2.8 and a solution of tomato juice with a pH of 4.2, which
one is more acidic?
3. Comparing a solution of antacid with a pH of 10.0 and a solution of seawater with a pH of 8.1, which
one is more basic?
4. With a pH of 6.8, is the substance likely to be an acid or a base?
5. If a solution has a pH of 8.5, would you classify it as an acid or a base?
V. ASSIGNMENT
Direction: Advance study about Acid and Base indicator (p.98-102) and answer the folowing;
1. What is a pH Indicator
2. Prepare an example of indicators minimum of 5