Introduction to Acids and Bases

Agenda:
1. What is an acid?
2. What is a base?
3. What is the difference
between an acid and a base?
4. What is the difference
between a base and an alkali?
5. What happens when an acid
is mixed with a base?
Practical: Lemon Volcano
Experiment
1. What is an acid?
You have 2 minutes!
Discuss with the person next to you and
write down everything you know about acids
2 min
1. What is an acid?
You have 2 minutes!
Discuss with the person next to you and
write down everything you know about acids

Students share ideas with the class and teacher

Teacher to write students ideas on the board
2. What is a base?
You have 2 minutes!
Discuss with the person next to you and
write down everything you know about bases
2 min
2. What is a base?
You have 2 minutes!
Discuss with the person next to you and
write down everything you know about bases

Students share ideas with the class and teacher

Teacher to write students ideas on the board
3. What is the difference between an acid and a base?
• sour taste • not reactive with metals
• H+ ions • conducts electricity when dissolved in water
• fruits & juices • cleaning products
• feels slippery • pH less than 7
• corrosive • pH more than 7
• OH- ions • blue litmus paper turns red
• bitter taste • red litmus paper turns blue
• reactive with metals
3. What is the difference between an acid and a base?

• OH- ions
• H+ ions
• cleaning products
• fruits and juices corrosive
• pH greater than 7
• pH less than 7
conduct • red litmus turns
• blue litmus paper
electricity blue
turns red when • not reactive with
• reactive with dissolved metals
metals in water
• bitter
• sour Taste
• feels slippery
4. What is the difference between a base and an alkali?
Sodium hydroxide Copper oxide
in water in water

What difference do you observe?

4. What is the difference between a base and an alkali?

A base is a chemical that reacts with an acid to neutralise it.

Most bases are insoluble in water.
However, some bases are soluble and these are known as alkalis.

All alkalis are bases, but

not all bases are alkalis.
4. What is the difference between a base and an alkali?

VIDEO
5. What happens when an acid is mixed with a base?
5. What happens when an acid is mixed with a base?

• A chemical reaction takes place.

• A salt is produced and

sometimes gas or water.

• When equal moles of each react,

the solution produced is neutral.
 Practical: Lemon Volcano Experiment
This involves a reaction between lemon juice, baking soda, and soap water.
 Practical: Lemon Volcano Experiment
The Chemistry of Baking Soda:

• White crystalline solid

• Alkaline in nature pH > 7

• A mild non-corrosive base

 Practical: Lemon Volcano Experiment

When the acid in the lemon is reacted with the baking soda base,
a chemical reaction takes place:
H3CACID
6H5O7(aq) + 3NaHCOBASE3(aq) → Na3C6H5O7(aq) + 3H2O(l) + 3CO2(g)
citric acid + baking soda → salt + water + carbon dioxide

acid + metal carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide

 Practical: Lemon Volcano Experiment

When the acid in the lemon is reacted with the baking soda base,
a chemical reaction takes place:
H3C6H5O7(aq) + 3NaHCO3(aq) → Na3C6H5O7(aq) + 3H2O(l) + 3CO2(g)
citric acid + baking soda → salt + water + carbon dioxide
A gas is produced along with
water and a salt.
BUBBLES/FIZZING!!!

What would you expect to

Scientific term =
observe when a gas is
effervescence
produced within a liquid?
 Practical: Lemon Volcano Experiment
Soap water is not necessary for the reaction but can be fun to add.

Why do you think this is?

 Practical: Lemon Volcano Experiment
Soap water is not necessary for the reaction but can be fun to add.

Why do you think this is?

It is a liquid and easily forms
bubbles. The carbon dioxide gas is
trapped by the soap water, forming
fizzy bubbles.

It will cause the CO2 bubbles to ooze

and froth more and longer.

= better effect
 Practical: Lemon Volcano Experiment
Materials Needed:
2 lemons (or 1 lemon + extra lemon juice)
baking soda
food colouring
spoon
dish soap
tray
plastic cups
knife
 Practical: Lemon Volcano Experiment
Method:
1. Slice the bottom off the lemon so that the lemon can
sit flat. Flip the lemon over, and slice out the core.
 Practical: Lemon Volcano Experiment
Method:
1. Slice the bottom off the lemon so that the lemon can sit flat. Flip
the lemon over, and slice out the core.
2. Using a spoon, mix the centre of the lemon (until it goes mushy!) -
Be sure to keep the juices inside the lemon.
3. Place a few drops of food colouring into the centre of the lemon.
4. Add a few drops of dish soap into the lemon.
5. Add a spoonful of baking soda into the lemon and stir.
6. Make observations.
7. To keep the reaction going add more baking soda, colouring, dish
soap, and lemon juice.
Millionaire Plenary Quiz