GOVt.

Holk
eience Coll
e College

Indore
Computer Science
CCE-2

Name Chetan
class-Bsc cs 3rd year
section - M2

Enrollment no- DS1914254

Ex plain all
tye es nemoalloca
allocation
techniq ues
Ans
Memoy allo ca tion action oassig ing n the
Physical O the Vistual memo addxesss space
Pro Cess The two fundamental me thods of
memo alloCatton de

() static
memay allo cation Statie emo
mo allo Cationn
isPer fexm ed when the
e Gompiles the Psog am
and genexa t e
object files and Cxeates
file man igte eeutoble
m em6
memo for
executon I n s tatic
allo cation, the Siee
of the da ta
by the
proCess must be sequisee
Known befere the
execution the
O ce ss initiatees
i) Onamic
memo dloCa tian: In
dynomiC memoy allo
-Cation me mo s
at assia ned
SUn ime
accarding to the neeel of Aro Cess
Pna mic allo Cotion technique
isImplemented b
demannd
Pa'g and scqmen tation .
These e
ees tech niqu es
A) Con bauous
memod olloCo ti'on
B) No n
contguous memo
-

allo ca tion
A) Contgu ous m
emo allocotion In Con
tiguo us

stea allo Cgtton,

the and
Prgamls do ta instructions
oCruPa
sigle Con bguos
memo axea.

Th ere are VaIous yeesi0ge, fixec an d

Vasiable

Sing le fartibon allacotion Ths method of Paxtition

also know nn aS
si09
u sex Con tguoss
alloCati on o
sigle Process
=tem,

Sim plesst meno Manag ement scheme

which
on ane
PsocesS Can at t'me.
ie. on one
Psesent the memo
at t e and Poe Cess allowed t Use

th entree uses S p a Ce
memo
Advon eae u) -
Tt s Simple sohe me

Requ-ses e ss h/w suPoTE.

Disaduon teg e (0) I doesnt SuPPost mul ti eso -

g'sam mn a S one u se

Poo CesS Can reside the moin memo

at a time.
 o/s

Uses
PocesS

Unused
Main Mcmo
y
) Result to Poo Utilizatron Pad CessOS.

K Fixed Size Pasittons This memo

allocation
Soheme
Spposst mul tiprog rom-
- min Tn
multiple fixeod fas ition Sohem e
multiple Paxti on of
fixed SIze
Cseat edl
dllow mul tiple
PreceSS to pe Present n
memo the
Samee time

2kB 2R

Ea ch Paxtion rma Con ton one

Pro Cess how ever
AsoCe ss
mo o CuPy more then on e
Pasition
dee end i p on its equismen t

myltele fA'xed
pasibon the
Partition s
Can be equal SIZe
unequal size
KB 2K6 2 Ka 2k0 2Ks

-1o K63-
 Xample '

fo
Pi = YK6 P3 2 6

26
SRB 2FB

KB + KB= 2kB= wos t e

Advantage o) sinple schem e s easy timplemer

Aenesa ted ttie os overhco od

Oisaduantoge () Suffers fadm nteyrn9

Frgmentaton

(c) vaioble size farbt* p It s alsa known a S

dynomi c

In ynome
Partioning-
parti tioni ng, nogiso't divided into
xed set ortton.
No ixedl
boundo o bserued the amoun a SP9 re
alle Co ted to
POCess in the exact amgunt of

sfa ce i t equiYe s thu s daes nGt Suff-es

Fzom Interno| F r qm en tatton

-
UKB 3 k6 ICB 2k
UIHNGAHF No Tntwnal Aregmentot
to -

Advon tea-u) It i Simpl e me-tho d

i I t doent Suffea rom Interno) regmnentation,

Disadum taj e (i) Exter nol Paogmentation egist

i) Degee of
mulpgromm in depending
yPon tMe Size of Pagrom
what is Telational Algebro ? Ex plan Pes of

JOns
Ckomple
Ans Relation al Alge bsa proCedusal queo
Tt gives
1oRguge
Step step ProCesss to obtain
the resyE oF e

to Per fosm
jue yses Opera ters
gu csies.

) select opevation
i) Project opeesc
i Caxrtesian Psoduct
opesotion
Joins A join OPerati on Combies elo ted
sela
from different yres
res
Tela tions, if and
giVen ony a
JOin Con diton s
satis hed It is
denoted

Tres To'n o ferotien

Natusal Join LeFE o Join

Rignt Joio Equ Joi'n
S Fyll o Join

0) Natural Join A Natux al join is he et

tuples af all Com bi na ten s

n
R and g thot ase eqy al on the'
Common attvibute nemeS.
Tt s denoted b Da
Etam ple Let/s Use the Employee table

ER PLO yEE

EmpCoPE EM NAME SALARY

lo stephen
So,00
Ja ck
60 o0 0
0 3
Has 70000

Inpot -

nEMP NAME, SAARY

CEN PLOYEE M sAlARY 3
output-
GMN4NE SAARYy
stephen
Ta ek
GoOO
Ha

Outer Toin The outey Join opexa t on isS an

pression of the Oin operation

is used to deol w rth missi nføvma tie

EM PLOY EE

EM P- N AME STREET CI TY

Ram ciul line Mym bai

Sh am Pask5h ee t
O m
M.G. Roa d
Delhr
FACT- WORKE RS

EM P- NAME
BRANCH SALARY
Ram Thfo s
syom Wip
2000 03
Om
TCS
Ku b e 300 g0
HCL

In fut- CEM PLOYE E D FACT-wOk KERS)

Qutfa t -

EMP- N ANE
STREET eITY BPANCH SALARYy
Ram civil tinee MU mba
Tnfoss
shyam Parksheet Co wiP 2000 eo
o m
AG Rond Oelhi TCS

An Outes jojn s divided in to thsee

)Left Ou ter
Rig bt outer joi
c)Full outer Join

a LeftE outes Joj) It contoins the set of

of
eles
all Combinaion in R&s that
ase equal on ther Common tti bute nome s,
If the Left outer
teples in R have no
ma chine tple
is deneted y
Eamele
EMP-AME STREET CLTY BRANCH
Ram civil line
SALAP
Mum boj
EnfoB
sham arksheek Gnoa wiPao 20 000
om MO Roa d Delh TeS 30000
Kuber NULL ULC HCL
 set of tuples
(gbt outer join It
all
Conins the

Combinatton ss nR and 9
of

such that axe eqy al on thei Com moon att bue

name S,

It Out e r
joh, tupless n s haue
Matthing
tples nR

Deneteed

Exam ple Using a bou e

ENPLOYE E&FA C woRKERS
neut -EMPLO YE E
FACT woR CERS
OutpUT
Emp- NAME
BRANCH4 SALARy STREET CITY
Ra m
Tnfes s Civiline Mumbo
Hadi
TCS 3000 H Roa o
pel h
shyom wipro 20000
PaCh -et
Kube HCL
WULL

C) FuLL ou ter Jo Full oute joinis ne a left o

ightjoin except that iE Con tains

al TOuS foom both tables
Tn FOJ in R tho t have
tples no
mateh
Euples n S tuple s o that have n

matthing tuples in R in their Commo attibyte nome.

Denot ed

Examle
Inpat EmPloy ee FACT-woRKE PS
 inpu
A

70
H
D

NA