Questions : HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS

1.What is the effect of increase in pressure on the boiling

point of a liquid ?
As the pressure applied to the liquid surface is increased, the energy needed for the
liquid molecules to expand to gas phase also increases. Hence, a higher temperature is
required to change liquid to gas phase. So, boiling point of liquid rises on increasing
pressure.

2.What is Meant by Inetrmolecular Forces?

An intermolecular force (IMF) (or secondary force) is the force that mediates interaction
between molecules, including the electromagnetic forces of attraction or repulsion
which act between atoms and other types of neighbouring particles, e.g. atoms or ions.

OR
An intermolecular force is an attractive force that arises between the positive
components (or protons) of one molecule and the negative components (or electrons)
of another molecule. Various physical and chemical properties of a substance are
dependent on this force.

Exampels:

Examples of intermolecular forces include the London dispersion force, dipole-dipole

interaction, ion-dipole interaction, and van der Waals forces.

Q 3.Explain Why the Latent Heat of vapourization of Substance

might be greater Than its latent heat of fusion?
Tha latent of vapourization is greater than latent of fusion because it takes more energy
to break the intermolecular forces and vapourize a substance than to break the
intermolecular forces and melts it.
Q.4 Differentiate between Conduction and convention and radiation?

Q5. Why does the column of mercury first descend and then rise
when a mercury in glass thermometer is put into a flame ?
First the glass vessel expands by receiving heat from the flame , so the mercury level
falls . Glass being a bad conductor of heat , does not transmit heat immediately to the
mercury . Mercury is heated subsequently , so its level rises later .

OR
The flame is very hot. The heat from a flame goes first to the glass and then to the
mercury.This temperature is enough for glass to respond first by expanding and
increasing its length, and so for an observer, the mercury descends. Afterwards, the heat
goes into the mercury which expands its length, and that causes the mercury level to
rise.

Q6.At what temperature is the Fahrenheit scale reading equal to

half of Celsius scale?
Formula used: Tc=(T−32)x5/9

where
Tc= the Celsius temperature

T= Fahrenheit temperature

To get the temperature at which the Fahrenheit scale will read half of Celsius scale, let us
assume,

T= Tc/2......(1)

Now, from the relation between the Fahrenheit and Celsius scale we know that,

Tc = (T−32)x5/9......(2)

Now, putting the value of equation (1) in (2) we get,

Tc = (Tc/2−32)x5/9

⇒9Tc=5(Tc−64)/2

⇒9Tc=5/2Tc−160

⇒Tc=−24.6C

Therefore, the temperature at which the Fahrenheit scale reading is equal to half of the
Celsius scale is −24.6∘C

Q7.Suppose two objects have the same amount of heat, do they have
the same temperature?
Heat = mass × specific heat × temperature

Q = mcT

From this, it is clear that two objects having same amount of heat will have same
temperature (they will be in thermal equilibrium with each other) provided that they
have same mass and same specific heats.