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GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT
IDENTIFY THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT WHETHER
IT IS TRUTH OR MYTH
. 1. A girl cannot propose marriage to a boy.
2. Girl dress in pink, boys dress in blue
3. The management of the household shall be the
right and duty of the wife
4. It is the responsibility of the wife to discipline
their children.
5. The husband will make the major decision in
the family.
6. In your family, the responsibilities of a mother
are the same as the responsibilities of a father.
7. The husband should decide about household
expenses
8. Parents treat boys and girls differently
9. We have different expectations for sons and
daughters.
10. Boys should get better education than girls
GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT
 is about recognizing that gender bias could
impede development and they prevent
people from attaining their full potentials
 is one of the government’s priority program
focusing on development
 focus on gender relations (unequal relations
of men and women)
 commits to the goal of gender equality and
women empowerment
Women’s Empowerment
This is the effort towards improving the
condition and position and status of women in the
society. This involves the dimension of welfare,
participation in development efforts and women
over their time and destiny
- Promote a high level of society
-Having a vision, a choice,
releasing their power
- Women are accorded with equal
opportunities for appointment,
admission, training
and promotion
Gender Mainstreaming
Refers to conscious interventions made by
there refers It refers to conscious interventions
made by the government and organized groups in
society to promote the partnership of men and
women in development efforts and access to
various forms of affirmative action for women.
e.g. include gender in curriculum of all levels,
urgent attention must be given to women’s
health, nutrition and family planning
LAWS FOR WOMEN
RA 7192
WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT AND NATION
BUILDING ACT
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Among its provisions:
- the right of women regardless of sex, age, civil
status, to act and enter into contracts;
- equal to that of men in similar circumstances,
equal membership in clubs, admission in Military
schools and shall have the capacity to borrow and
obtain loan.
R A 9710 which is the Magna Carta for Women
-Among its provisions: a comprehensive women’s
rights law that seeks to eliminate discrimination
against women by recognizing respecting, fulfilling
and promoting the rights of Filipino women,
especially those in marginalized sectors.
REPUBLIC ACT 9262 Anti-Violence Against Women
and their Children Act of 2004. Recognizing the
need to protect the family and its members,
particularly women and children from violence
and threat to their personal safety and security.
REPUBLIC ACT 7610- Special Protection of
Children Against Child Abuse Exploitation and
Discrimination Act.
REPUBLIC ACT 7877-The Anti-Sexual Harassment
Act of 1995
SEX AND GENDER
How do they differ?
SEX AND GENDER
SEX
Categorized as male or female
Biological
Fixed at birth
Does not change across time and space
Equally valued
GENDER
Masculinity and femininity
Socially, culturally and historically determines
Learned through socialization
Varies over time and space
Unequally valued (masculinity as the norm)
Gender Roles Vs Sex Roles
Gender Roles- are culturally defined attitudes,
behavior and positions that are based on sex.
- perceive activities or responsibilities as male or
female.
- not inborn
- learned in the early stages of childhood.
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* Sex Roles – are those that are based on an
biological function, such as motherhood .
Example: Child rearing is generally considered a
sex role. It is actually a gender role because child
rearing/taking care of children must involve both
women and men. Pregnancy on the other hand is
a sex role because only woman have the capacity
to bear children
DOMINANT IMAGES OF MEN
PROTECTOR
PROVIDER
DOMINATOR
PARTNER
As an advocator of change, what image do you
want male should possess ? PARTNER
DIVISION OF LABOR
PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES (AT WORK) - this to the
work undertaken by either men or women to
produce goods and services.(farming, fishing).
REPRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES ( AT HOME) – this
involves childbearing, care and maintenance of
the household and its members including food
preparation, shopping, water and fuel collection.
This is crucial for human survival, yet it is seldom
considered real work.
As husband, what is the most difficult role to
perform ? Why ?
As a wife, what particular role do you need
more effort from your husband ?
WHY THERE IS GENDER BIAS?
CULTURALLY ROOTED PRACTICES
THAT PERPETUATES GENDER INEQUALITY
Pre-Spanish time- women exercise freedom , they
engage in agriculture and fishing.
Spanish time- women embrace their new role of
being servant of men and their faith.
MANIFESTATION OF GENDER BIAS
1. Multiple Burdens – that women are expected to
perform most of the reproductive roles on top of
their productive roles brings them an experience
of multiple burden
2. Stereotyping – women are stereotyped from
birth, people perceive women as weak,
dependent, emotional while men are perceive as
strong, brave, born leaders.
3. Violence Against Women – rape is a common
form of gender violence, sexual and physical
violence. Women are actual and potential victims
of specific kinds of violence that are distinctly
different because these acts are born out of status
of women in the society
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RIGHTS AND OBLIGATION
BETWEEN HUSBAND AND WIFE
Philippine Constitution
Article XV. THE FAMILY CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
ARTICLE 68
The husband and wife are oblige to live
together, observe mutual love, respect and
fidelity and render mutual help and support.
ARTICLE 69
The husband and wife shall fix the family
domicile
ARTICLE 70
The spouses are jointly responsible for the
support of the family
ARTICLE 71
The management of the household shall be
the right and duty of both spouses
ARTICLE 73
Either spouse may exercise legitimate
profession, business or occupation without the
husband consent unless there are valid serious
and moral grounds
CHANGE SELF FIRST
A great Indian mystic says
this about himself: I was a Revolutionary
when I was young And all my prayer to god was:
“Lord give me energy to change the world “.
As I approached middle age
I realized that half my life was gone
without changing a single soul, I change my
prayer to : “Lord give me the grace to change
all those who come in contact with me. Just my
friends, family, and I shall be satisfied.”
Now that I am old man and my days are
numbered, I have begun to see how foolish I have
been. My
one prayer now is “Lord give me energy to
change myself”. If I have prayed this
right from the start, I should
have not wasted my life.
CONCLUSION
Everybody has dream in life , we dream that our
children will live in peace and harmony
environment. The children can roam around
safely without fear of being molested by satanic
elements. Generally, our present society needs
values regeneration (change ) our fundamental
problem. Let us accept that the enemy is not only
outside us, the enemy is also within us.
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PUBLIC SAFETY SERVICES -It is related to the protection of military,

I. Definition and Concepts economic and productive strength of the country
Security including the security of the government in
- It is the quality or state of being secure. domestic and foreign affairs against espionage
subversion, sabotage and all other illegal acts
(Webster)
designed to weaken or destroy the country.
- This word means active, or passive which
serves -It generally focuses on the protection of the
to protect the environment that allows to country against external and internal threats.
the conduct activities within the
organizations or society without disruption. Main Oversight Bodies in Public Safety and Social
Safety Defense
- It means the condition of being safe
from undergoing or causing harm, injury or 1. National Disaster Risk Reduction Management
Council (NDRRMC)
loss. (Webster)
Regional, Provincial, City/Municipality and
Barangay
- This term refers to the state of being “safe”
on the condition of being protected against Department of National Defense
physical, social, spiritual, financial, political Office of the Civil Defense
emotional, occupational, psychological, Armed Forces of the Philippines
educational or other types of consequences
of failure damage, errors, accidents, harms or 2. National Peace and Order Council
any other event which could be considered National, Regional, Provincial, City/Municipal and
non – desirable. Barangay (POCs)
Department of the Interior and Local Government
NPOC Secretariat (NAPOLCOM)
Public
Philippine National Police
- It pertains to the people, relating to, or affecting
III. Primary Concerns of Public Safety
a nation,
state or community; opposite of private; as the
Safety
public treasury, a road or lake.
- It specifies the requirements for general
housekeeping equipment and equipment
- It is also defined as the people of a nation not
operation, environmental health control,
affiliated with the government of that nation.
production operations, hazardous material
handling and storage, fire protection equipment,
Public Security
materials handling and storage and so on.
- This signifies the function of government
which ensures the protection of citizens,
III. Primary Concerns of Public Safety
organizations and institutions against threats to
their well-being and to the prosperity of their
 The Occupational Safety and Health Act
communities.
(OSHA)
-The Occupational Safety and Health Act was
Public Safety
signed into law on December 29, 1970. Its
-It is a generic term that pertains to the law
purpose was to ensure, so far as possible, safe and
enforcement, maintenance of peace and order,
healthful working conditions for every working
fire safety and protection, crime prevention and
man and woman in the nation.
control and jail management and penology.
Under the act, each covered employer has:
a. the general duty to furnish the
-It includes all the many elements that enable the
employee, employer and working places of
residence of a community to enjoy its streets,
employment that are free from recognized
sidewalks, parks and other public spaces as well as
hazards that are causing or likely to cause death
a sense of security in their homes, schools and
or serious physical harm; and
work place.
b. the specific duty of complying with safety
and health standards promulgated under the act
-It generally, focuses on the protection of the lives
and properly of the public.

Worker Rights-to-Know Laws and OSHA Hazard
National Security
Communication Standard
-It is defined by the National Defense College of
the Philippines as a state or condition wherein the
power of life and institutions like territorial
integrity and sovereignty, as well as their well-
being, are protected and advanced.

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The OSHA Hazard Communication Standard
affected the same employers and employees
covered under OSHA. The OSHA Hazard
Communication Standard is designed to inform
workers about the hazards with which they work.
The covered employer is required to:
a. carry out defined hazard evaluation procedures
of the workplace;
b.provide for appropriate labelling of all
containers with identified hazardous materials;
c.complete, and make available to workers,
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) on all
identified hazardous materials found in the
workplace;
d.establish a written hazard communication
program for employees; and
e.establish an employee education and training
programs regarding workplace hazardous
materials
Workers’ Compensation
- Workers’ compensation statutes are
intended to provide compensation benefits for
personal injury caused by accidents or conditions
arising out of and in the course of employment.
- Workers’ compensation
program generally has the following common
objectives:
1. Income
replacement;
2. Restoration of
earning capacity and return to productive
employee;
3. Proper allocation of costs; and
4. Achievement of all workers’
compensation objectives in the most efficient
manner possible.
IV. Accident Prevention
- Safety is a term encompassing the areas
of fire safety, personal security and accident
prevention. All employees must be initially trained
and periodically retrained in general safety
practices and specific job-related responsibilities.
Safety awareness from the top of the
management hierarchy to the lowest job
classification is imperative if safety hazards and
violations are to be found, understood and
eliminated.
V. Fire Prevention and Safety
a. Introduction
The managers of an organization have a
responsibility to develop and implement
programs in security, safety and fire prevention.
While the duties and responsibilities of these
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three areas are different, the goal is the same: to
prevent, reduce and control the losses of
company assets. The functions of these areas may
be combined into one major department or may
operate as individual, cooperative units within the
company. Major corporations frequently staff
separate security, fire and safety departments all
under a corporate director of loss prevention.
Regardless of the administrative arrangement, the
role of security within an organization requires
that security personnel be familiar with the
principles and techniques of fire prevention and
control and employee safety.
b. Characteristics of Fire
Fire is one of the major threats
to life and property in any business, and all
security employees should therefore be aware of
the fundamentals of fire and fire protection.
The triangular concept of fire and fire prevention
rests upon the following principles:
1.An oxidizing agent (oxygen), a combustible
material (fuel) and an ignition source (heat) are
essential for combustion.
2.The combustible material must be heated to its
ignition temperature before it will burn.
3. Combustion will continue until:
a.Combustible material is removed or consumed;
b.Oxidizing agent concentration is lowered to
below the concentration needed to support
combustion; or,
c.Combustible material is cooled to below its
ignition temperature
As fire condition
develops and starts, four distinct stages of the
combustion process are involved, progressing
from one stage or level to the next. Each stage
may develop and progress to the next level over a
period of time or the entire process can occur in
an instant.
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Incipient stage – At this stage, invisible products
of combustion are given off; the oxidation process
has begun. There is very little heat and neither
flame nor smoke is visible.
Smoldering stage – Smoke is visible at this stage,
but there is still little appreciable heat of flame.
Flame stage – Flame and smoke are both visible,
but excessive heat is still not apparent.
Heat stage – Almost simultaneous with the flame
stage is the generation of excessive heat and rapid
expansion of air.
Each of these successive stages of fire is unique
and can be detected by fire protection – sensing
devices that are activated by the characteristics of
a specific stage.
VI. Security Role
Though the organizational
placement and role of security may vary from
company to company, security will generally have
either a direct or indirect responsibility for the
development, operation and enforcement of any
fire prevention program.
Three categories of Security operations in
protecting property against fire:
(1) To facilitate and control the movement of
persons within premises;
(2) To ensure orderly conduct on the property;
and
(3) To protect life and property at all times.
Some of these threats/hazards/risks (“threats”,
“hazards” and “risks” are viewed as synonymous
terms) to security, such as fire and flood, may be
imperative that security takes the most proactive
stance possible toward all potential threats.
Planning and steps of prevention relative to real
and perceived threats are essential components
of any effective security program. Security must
established a method of foresee ability
accomplishment by guiding its operations and
activities. Security measures must attempt to
profile all threats and potential threats within the
context and circumstances of the environment.
Threats that occur naturally in the environment;
Threats that are generated by humans, whether
accidental or intentional
All assets like (people, equipment, processes, land
information, goodwill) should be considered as
they exist in the present and how they might exist
in the future. The planning and steps taken must
be dynamic and continuous. Such timely actions
can eliminate or at the very least, diminish the
impact and severity of potential problems,
emergencies and disasters. Such actions will
provide security that projects the quality and
integrity essential to constituent acceptance and
legal protection.
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1)Natural Hazards
1.1.Earthquake – Pacific coast
1.2.Tidal Wave, Tsunami – coastal areas
1.3.Flood – coastal areas and low – lying areas
having waterways
1.4.Fire, fighting – anywhere in United States
1.5.Storm – hurricane (coastal areas), tornado
(anywhere in United States – particularly in the
Midwest “tornado belt”) snow and ice(anywhere
in United Sates) and temperature extremes
(anywhere in United States).
2) Human-Generated Hazard
Some hazards may result from either intentional
or accidental actions on the part of humans. Often
it is difficult to determine whether an occurrence
was intentional, accidental or even the result of a
natural phenomenon. A flood, for example, may
be the result of too much rain in a very short
period of time, or the result of an intentional or
accidental act involving the improper operation of
flood control barriers.
3) Crime
Crime is a behavior that violates the criminal law.
Criminals are citizens in society who have engaged
in acts that have been socially and officially
defined as exceeding the limits prescribed for
legally acceptable behavior. Virtually all modern
societies have enacted criminal laws to cover
certain basic violations, such as homicide,
injurious assault, incest and violations of property
rights. However, there is often considerable
variation as to the exact definition of offenses,
circumstances accepted as extenuating, severity
of official reaction and societal sanction. The
United Sates alone has 51 (state and federal) legal
jurisdictions, each with its own set of criminal
statutes.
Two Basic Groups of Crimes:
a.Crime against persons:
b.Crime against property::
a.Crime against persons:
Murder
Homicide
Kidnapping
Rape
Assault
Physical Injury
b.Crime against property:
Robbery – The stealing or taking of something of
value from the custody or control of a person by
force, threat or putting that person in fear of his
or her welfare.
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9. Department of Transportation and

Burglary – The unlawful entry of building or
structure to commit a theft, even though no force
may have been used to gain entry.
Arson – The wilful, malicious burning of a
dwelling, building or other property with or
without the intend to defraud.
Vandalism – The intentional or malicious
destruction, injury or disfigurement of property.
Communication
10. Department of Trade and Industry
11. Department of Public Works and Highways
12. Department of Labor and Employment
13. Department of Energy
14. Department of Science and Technology
15. Department of Social Welfare and
Development
16. Depart of Education
17. Department of Budget and Management

Sabotage – The removal of merchandise from a

store. With the intent to deprive the owner of
property without paying the purchase price.

Shoplifting – The removal of merchandise from a

store. With the intent to deprive the owner of
property without paying the purchase price.

Criminal Trespass – disturbance of possession of

the premises of another.

Embezzlement – fraudulent appropriation of

property.

Theft – The crime occurs when someone takes

and carries away someone else's property without
permission and with the intent to permanently
deprive the owner of it.

Carnapping – It is the taking, with intent to gain,

of a motor vehicle belonging to another without
the latter's consent, or by means of violence
against or intimidation of persons, or by using
force upon things.

The means by which these

crimes and others can be perpetrated are varied
and complex, but one can reduce the risks of
being victimized by being aware of some of the
factors involved. For example, one should be
aware of how types of business, places of
business, type of items carried, nearness and
responsiveness of police protection and types of
protective hardware and procedures employed
are determining factors in inviting or deterring BFP ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
criminal attacks..

VII. Organizational Structure of the DILG Bureaus

Line Departments involved in the Promotion of
Public Safety:

1. Office of the Executive Secretary

2. President Management Staff
3. Office of the Press Secretary
4. Department of the Interior and Local
Government
5. Department of National Defense
6. Department of Health
7. Department of Justice
8. Department of Environmental and Natural
Resources

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BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY
(BJMP)
PHILIPPINE PUBLIC SAFETY COLLEGE
VIII. Public Safety Bureaus under the DILG
A.Philippine National Police
Vision
The presence of professional, dynamic and
motivated PNP personnel, presence or resources a
collaborative partnership with the stakeholders
from the community and presence of responsive,
empowered and engaged citizenry who
proactively take part in fight against criminality to
ensure a stable – peaceful community.
Mission
To enforce the law, to prevent and control crimes,
to maintain peace and order, and to ensure public
safety and internal security with the active
support of the community.
Powers and Functions
 Enforce all laws and ordinances relative to
the protection of lives and properties;
 Maintain peace and order and take all
necessary steps to ensure public safety;
7
 Investigate and prevent crimes, effect the
arrest of criminal offenders, bring offenders
to justice and assist in their prosecution;
 Exercise the general powers to make arrest,
search and seizure in accordance with the
Constitution and pertinent laws;
Powers and Functions
Detain an arrested person for a period not beyond
what is prescribed by law; informing the person
detained of all his rights under Constitution;
Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and
explosives in accordance with law;
Supervise and control the training and operations
of security agencies, and to security guards and
private detectives, for the practice of their
profession; and
Perform such other duties and exercise all other
functions as may be provided by law.
B.Bureau of Fire Protection
Vision
A modern, efficient and responsive national fire
protection agency working towards a public safety
conscious society.
Mission
To protect life and properties through the
prevention and suppression of destructive fires,
investigation of their causes and the provision to
emergency medical and rescue services with the
active support of the public.
Powers and Functions
The Fire Bureau shall be responsible for the
prevention and suppression of all destructive fires
on buildings, houses and other structures, forests,
land transportation vehicle and equipment, ships
of vessel docked at piers or wharves or anchored
in major seaports, petroleum industry
installations, place crashes and other similar
incidents, as well as the enforcement of the Fire
Code and other related laws.
The Fire Bureau has the power to investigate all
causes of fires and if necessary, file the proper
complaints with the city of provincial prosecutor
who has jurisdiction over the case.
C. Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
Vision
A dynamic institution highly regarded for its
sustained humane safekeeping and development
of inmates
Mission
Enhance public safety by providing human
safekeeping and development of inmates in all
district city and municipal jails.
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-Corruption
-Soft Stake and Lack of Political Will
Powers and Functions -Natural and Man – Made Disasters
-Drought and Famine
The Jail Bureau shall exercise supervision and -Weather Phenomenon
control over all city and municipal jails.

The provincial jails shall be supervised and

controlled by the provincial government within its
jurisdiction, whose expenses shall be subscribed
by the National Government for not more than
three (3) years upon the effectivity.

D. Philippine Public Safety College

Vision
The PPSC System envisions the development of
academic and training programs to provide a
culture of honesty, professionalism and
responsiveness in the delivery public safety
services.

Mission
The PPSC System is mandated to provide a
comprehensive education and training program
for all uniformed personnel of the PNP, the BFP
and the BJMP. It shall be guided by the general
framework of good governance and firmly
anchored on its twin principles of accountability.

Creation of the PPSC

The creation of the PPSC pursuant to Sec 66 of RA

6975, otherwise known as the premier
educational DILG Act of 1990, mandates it to
serve as the premier educational institution for
the training human resource development and
continuing education for all personnel of the PNP,
BFP and BJMP.

Powers and Functions

Formulate and implement training programs for

the personnel of Department.
Establish and maintain adequate physical training
facilities.
Develop and implement research and
development to support education and training
programs.
Conduct assessment of the training needs to all its
clientele.

Perform such other related functions as may be

prescribed by the Secretary.

IX. Threats to Public Safety

-Crime and Criminality
-Public Order Crime (gambling, vices, prostitution)
-Lawlessness and Terrorism
-Poverty and Unemployment
-Pollution
-Social Unrest
-Political Unrest
-Injustices