GEC100 REVIEWER
Lesson 1: Expressions of Art Production
➢ Realism
- Attempts to portray the subject as it
is
- Describes accurately and honestly
as possible what is observed
through the senses
➢ Abstraction
- The artist becomes interested in one
phase of a scene or a situation
- Does not show the subject as an
objective reality; only the idea or
feelings about it
Untitled Wassily Kandinsky
- Painted in 1910 and is considered
by art historians to be the first purely
abstract painting
- Bold portrayal of vibrantly colored
sports smears and lines forgoes al
visual reference to objective reality
1. Abstraction - Distortion
- When the subject is misshapen or
the regular shape is twisted
2. Abstraction - Elongation
- Achieved by lengthening, protracting
or extending an aspect or feature of
a subject
3. Abstraction - Mangling
- Subjects are hacked and cut with
repeated blows
- - rarely used by artists today; the
subject is either cut or mutilated
4. Abstraction - Cubism
- Uses cones, cylinders, or spheres at
the expense of other pictorial
elements
➢ Symbolism
- Subjects represent an idea or
concept devoid in the image but
rather expressed through the various
elements in the piece
➢ Fauvism
- Originated from les Fauves (French:
the wild beasts)
- Subjects are typically of comfort, joy
and pleasure
➢ Dadaism
- Formed in 1916 by a group of artists
and poets in Zurich, Switzerland
- Rejects logic, reason and aesthetics
of capitalists societies
➢ Futurism
- Originated in Italy in the early 20th
century
- Emphasizes on speed, technology,
youth and violence and objects as
cars, airplanes, and industrial cities
➢ Surrealism
- Founded in Paris in 1924 by French
poet Andre Breton
- Known for its visual artworks which
sought to express the imaginings of
the unconscious mind
Materials for Art Production
➢ Watercolor - pigments mixed with
water and applied to fin white paper
➢ Gouache - an opaque watercolor
➢ Fresco - painting done on a moist
plaster surface with color ground in
water or limewater mixture
➢ Tempera - mineral pigments mixed
with egg yolk and ore
 ➢ Pastel - stick of dried paste made of
pigment ground with chalk and
compounded with gum and water
➢ Oil - they appear glossy and last
long; most costly material to use for
painters
➢ Mosaic - small pieces of inlaid
colored stones or glass called
“tesserae” to create an image
➢ Stained glass - small pieces of
colored glass held together by bands
of lead
➢ Tapestry - fabric produced by
handweaving colored threads upon
a wrap; hung on walls
➢ Bistre - brown pigment extracted
from the soot of wood and often
used in pen and wash drawing
Lesson 2: Elements of Art and Design
➢ Design
- Plan or drawing produced to show
the look and function or workings of
art
- Look of the art piece itself
➢ Line
- Path of a moving point
- Has two specific behaviors: static
and dynamic
- Static - usually straight
vertical or horizontal
directions
- Dynamic - curving, slanted,
zigzag, contorted or
meandering directions
- Has two specific existence: actual
and implied
- Actual - physically and
virtually
- Implied - created with visual
links
➢ Shape
- Two-dimensional area that is defined
in some way, perhaps with an outline
or solid area of color
- May also be implied
➢ Form
- Objects that have three dimensions:
length, width, and depth
- Configuration of an individual
component of the overall, geometric
shapes
➢ Space
- Are where the shapes and forms
exist
- Area in, around, and between the
components of the design
- Negative space - within a design that
is void of materials
➢ Texture
- Way things feel or how they look and
feel if a person touches it
- Surface quality of a material, as
perceived by the sense
➢ Color
- Appeals directly to the audience’s
emotions and stands for ideas and
feelings
- Categorized based on degrees:
primary, secondary, and tertiary
colors
Lesson 3: Principles of Design
➢ Principle of Design
- Fundamental guidelines to aesthetic
design
➢ Balance
- The way art elements are arranged
to create a feeling of stability in a
work; also called as symmetry
- Visual balance causes an audience
to feel that the elements have been
arranged appropriately
➢ Emphasis
- The way in which the artist combines
the art elements to stress the
differences between those elements
and create more centers of interest
in a work
- Makes one part of a work dominant
over other parts
➢ Gradation
- Combining art elements by using a
series of gradual changes in those
elements
➢ Harmony
- Accenting the similarities of art
elements and binding the design
parts into a whole
- The appearance of congruency
➢ Rhythm
- Indicates movement by the repetition
of elements
- Can make an artwork seem active;
some types of rhythm in art includes:
1. Regular rhythm - a repetition of
elements that are evenly spaced
2. Irregular rhythm - elements that are
repeated but not exactly
3. Progressive rhythm - as elements
repeat, they increase or decrease in
size
➢ Movement
- Creates the illusion of action or
physical change in position
- Leads viewers to sense of action or
a follow through an artwork
- Used in art to give the feeling of
action and to guide the viewer's eye
throughout the artwork
➢ Proportion
- The relationship of art elements to
the whole and to each other
- Highlights the comparative
relationship in size, quantity, and
degree of emphasis among the
components of the art piece
➢ Variety
- Obtained through the use of diversity
and change in increasing the visual
interest of the work
➢ Unity
- The quality of wholeness or oneness
of the art piece
- Achieved through deliberate or
intuitive balancing of harmony and
variety
Lesson 4: Ancient Arts
➢ Arts, Religion, and Political
Orders
- Thrived between 5000BC and
300AD
- Means to enforce religious and
political order
- Ancient art - those created from
30,000BCE to 400AD
➢ Emergence of Art
- Covered periods such as Paleolithic,
Neolithic, the Bronze Age, Iron Age
- No uniformity emerged from any
sources nor any art movement; most
were used as social archives
 - Characterized as stiff, explicit, and
direct representation of life
Egypt
- Depict gods, goddesses, and
Pharaohs
- Characterized by the idea of order
- Used symmetry to create sense of
order and balance (static lines)
➢ Khafre Enthroned
- Pharaoh Khafre of the fourth dynasty
of ancient Egypt (2570BC)
➢ Rosetta Stone
- Three versions of a decree issued at
Memphis, Egypt
Greece
- Include much pottery, sculpture
contrapposto), and architecture
- Periods: Archaic,Classical, and
Hellenistic
- Also include coin design and gem
engraving
➢ Hermes and Infant Dionysus
- Gods of Trade and Travel & Harvest
➢ Athena Parthenos
- Housed in the Parthenon
India
- Date back to the Indus Valley
civilization some 5,000 vears ago
- Produced intricate bronzes as well
as temple carvings, and shrines
- Reflect Hinduism, Buddhism, and
Jainism
➢ King Chandragupta l
- Issued gold coin during the Gupta
Period
Rome
- Strongly influenced by Greek and
Etruscan art
- Commemorate and glorify past
emperors
- Express ideas of beauty and nobility
➢ Colosseum in Rome
- Used for gladiator shows
- Colosseum is an amphitheater built
in Rome under the Flavian emperors
of the Roman Empire. It is also
called the Flavian Amphitheatre.
- It is an elliptical structure made of
stone, concrete, & tuff, and it stands
four stories tall at its highest point.
Japan
- Correspond to locations of
government
- Strongly influenced by religion
- Flourished during the Jomon and
Yayoitimme periods
➢ Nagoya Castle
- Used to prevent fire
- Japan's first castle to be designated
a National Treasure. Even after
wartime air raid destruction, it was
deemed historically important
enough to be designated a National
Historic Site. Restoration work being
carried out is returning Nagoya
Castle to its original condition.
- Important position on the Tokaido
highway to ward off attackers and
thus ensuring continued social and
economic prosperity.
China
- Produced multiple classes of
bronzeware vessels for practical
purposes as well as for religious and
geomancy
- Date back to the Warring States
Period (silk)
- Show more continuity between
ancient and modern periods
Sarimanok - Abdulmari Imao
Massive Chair Tower - Tadashai Kawamata
Code of Hammurabi
Mask of Agamemnon 1500BC
Ajanta Caves
Roman Sarcophagus

➢ Giant Panda
- Common Chinese painting subject
- Pandas have become a symbol of
China and they are really significant
to Chinese culture.
- In addition to symbolizing strength,
the panda also symbolizes peace
and friendship because they have a
gentle temperament and aren't
known for attacking others.

Women with a Rake - Nicolas Poussin

The Portrait of Lunia Czechiuwska -
Amadeo Modigliani
The Floppy Boot Stomp - Gina Litherland
Connected - Thomas C. Fedro
Isle of the Dead - Arnold Bocklin
L’Estaque - Andre Derain
Indian Dancer - Hannah Hoch
Haycutter - Nathalia Goncharova
Persistence of Memory - Salvador Dali
Recumbent Figure - Henry Moore
Albino Deer - Josh Keyes
Girl with Pearl Earring - Jano Perkins
Marilyn Diptych - Andy Warhol
Petronas Towers - Cesar Pelli
Afghan Girl - Steve McCury
Festival at La Tirana - John Burton
Ribbed Mobius Mace - Charles O. Perry
The Great wave Off Kanagawa - Katsushika
Hosukai
The Rehearsal - Edgar Degas
The Art of Animation - John Brosio