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 4e

ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
The fourth edition of the award-winning text, Abnormal
Psychology, provides students with a comprehensive and
engaging introduction to the subject. Building on the legacy
of previous editions, it provides cutting-edge coverage of
core concepts and promotes evidence-based learning and
research in the field.
Connect is proven to deliver better results. Content
This new edition is closely aligned with the DSM-5 and integrates seamlessly with enhanced digital tools
ICD-10 and includes a separate chapter on gender dysphoria. to create a personalised learning experience that
provides precisely what you need, when you need it.
The numerous examples and case studies from Australia
and the Asia–Pacific region will encourage students to Maximise your learning with SmartBook, the first and
consider the real-world application of their studies. only adaptive reading experience designed to change
the way you read and learn. It creates a personalised
reading experience by highlighting the most impactful
Written by a team of locally based, leading experts in their concepts you need to learn at that moment in time.
fields, Abnormal Psychology 4e can be relied on for its
To learn more about McGraw-Hill SmartBook® visit
up-to-date content, and innovative SmartBook technology www.mheducation.com.au/student-smartbook
that adds real value to the learning experience. This is the
essential resource for students and instructors alike.

ELIZABETH RIEGER
edited by
ABNORMAL
Maree Abbott Carol Hulbert Greg Murray
Harjit Bagga Martina Jovev Richard O’Kearney
Sarah Bendall Riki Lane Nancy A. Pachana

PSYCHOLOGY
Alex Blaszczynski Marita McCabe Ken Pang
Richard Bryant Louise McCutcheon Elizabeth Rieger
Phyllis Butow Peter McEvoy Matthew Sanders
David Clarke Catharine McNab Marianna Szabó
David H. Gleaves Ross G. Menzies Robert Tait
John Gleeson
Phillipa Hay
Philip B. Mitchell
Alina Morawska
Stephen Touyz
LEADING RESEARCHER PERSPECTIVES

4e
edited by ELIZABETH RIEGER
www.mhhe.com/au/rieger4e

spine: 21.88mm
 Contents in full vii

Somatic symptom and related disorders 191 The diagnosis of dissociative disorders 210
The diagnosis of somatic symptom and related disorders 191 The epidemiology of dissociative disorders 213
The epidemiology of somatic symptom and The aetiology of dissociative disorders 215
related disorders 196 The treatment of dissociative disorders 219
The aetiology of somatic symptom and related CASE STUDY: THE RECOVERED MEMORY/FALSE
disorders 198 MEMORY DEBATE 220
The treatment of somatic symptom and related CASE STUDY: DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER 224
disorders 204 Summary 225
CASE STUDY: SOMATIC SYMPTOM DISORDER 206 Key terms 226
Dissociative disorders 208 Review questions 226
References 227

CHAPTER 9 Eating disorders 235

Stephen Touyz • Phillipa Hay • Elizabeth Rieger

EATING DISORDERS: AN AUSTRALASIAN FOCUS 235 The aetiology of bulimia nervosa 257
Historical and current approaches The treatment of bulimia nervosa 259
to the diagnosis of eating disorders 236 CASE STUDY: BULIMIA NERVOSA 262
Anorexia nervosa 237 Binge eating disorder 263
Bulimia nervosa 238 The epidemiology of binge eating disorder 263
Binge eating disorder 239 The aetiology of binge eating disorder 264
Other DSM-5 feeding or eating disorders 239 The treatment of binge eating disorder 266
CASE STUDY: AVOIDANT/RESTRICTIVE FOOD INTAKE CASE STUDY: BINGE EATING DISORDER 269
DISORDER (ARFID) 240 General topics in eating disorders 270
Anorexia nervosa 241 Current challenges and controversies 270
The epidemiology of anorexia nervosa 242 Eating disorder organisations 274
The aetiology of anorexia nervosa 243 Summary 274
The treatment of anorexia nervosa 249 Key terms 275
CASE STUDY: ANOREXIA NERVOSA 254 Review questions 275
Bulimia nervosa 256 References 275
The epidemiology of bulimia nervosa 256

CHAPTER 10 Addictive disorders 281

Alex Blaszczynski • Robert Tait

ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOURS: AN AUSTRALASIAN The aetiology of substance use disorders 292

FOCUS 281 The treatment of substance use disorders 297
Substance use disorders 282 Gambling disorder 301
The diagnosis of substance use disorders 282 Types of gamblers 303
CASE STUDY: SEVERE ALCOHOL USE DISORDER 283 Historical approaches to gambling and
CASE STUDY: CANNABIS WITHDRAWAL 285 problem gambling 304
The epidemiology of substance use The diagnosis of gambling disorder 305
disorders 285 The epidemiology of problem gambling 307
CASE STUDY ACUTE INTOXICATION: SYNTHETIC The aetiology of gambling disorder 309
CANNABINOIDS 287 CASE STUDY: A BEHAVIOURALLY CONDITIONED
CASE STUDY: STIMULANT-INDUCED PSYCHOTIC PROBLEM GAMBLER 314
DISORDER 288 The treatment of gambling disorder 315

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 viii Contents in full

CASE STUDY: COGNITIVE THERAPY FOR A Key terms 320

PROBLEM GAMBLER 318 Review questions 320
Summary 319 References 320

CHAPTER 11 Sexual and relationship problems 327

Marita McCabe

SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP PROBLEMS: AN Historical and current approaches to understanding

AUSTRALASIAN FOCUS 327 paraphilias 343
Sexual problems: sexual dysfunctions 329 The diagnosis of paraphilic disorders 344
The definition of sexual dysfunction 329 The aetiology of paraphilic disorders 348
CASE STUDY: A MALE WITH HYPOACTIVE SEXUAL The treatment of paraphilic disorders 348
DESIRE DISORDER 331 Relationship problems 349
CASE STUDY: A MALE WITH PREMATURE Historical and current approaches to understanding
EJACULATION 332 relationship problems 349
The conceptualisation of sexual dysfunctions 333 The aetiology of relationship problems 350
The aetiology of sexual dysfunction 334 A developmental perspective on relationship problems 357
The treatment of sexual dysfunction 337 The treatment of relationship problems 358
CASE STUDY: A FEMALE WITH SEXUAL INTEREST Summary 361
DISORDER AND A MALE WITH ERECTILE Key terms 362
DISORDER 343 Review questions 362
Sexual problems: the paraphilic disorders 343 References 363

CHAPTER 12 Gender dysphoria 369

Ken Pang • Riki Lane • Harjit Bagga

GENDER VARIANCE: AN AUSTRALASIAN FOCUS 369 Concluding remarks 384

Definition of terms and the diagnosis Treatment options for gender dysphoria 385
of gender dysphoria 371 Guiding principles 385
What is meant by trans and gender diverse (TGD)? 371 CASE STUDY: KELSEY 387
The diagnosis of gender dysphoria 373 Changes in gender expression and role 387
Differential diagnosis 375 Psychological therapies 388
CASE STUDY: JARC 376 CASE STUDY: SURAJEK 389
The epidemiology of gender dysphoria 377 Pharmacological interventions 390
Prevalence 377 Current practices to access gender-affirming
Age of onset and course 379 medical interventions 391
Associated psychological and medical problems 379 Resources 393
CASE STUDY: AUBREY 380 CASE STUDY: NAYA 393
The aetiology of gender dysphoria 380 Summary 394
Gender identity formation: nature versus nurture 381 Key terms 395
Biological influences on gender variance 382 Review questions 395
Psychosexual theories on gender variance 383 References 395
Sociocultural influences on gender variance 384

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 Contents in full ix

CHAPTER 13 Personality disorders 399

Louise McCutcheon • Carol Hulbert • Martina Jovev • Catharine McNab

PERSONALITY DISORDERS: AN AUSTRALASIAN The dimensional approach to personality dysfunction 409

FOCUS 399 What is the role of culture in the development
The definition of personality and personality of personality disorders? 409
disorder 401 The epidemiology of personality disorders 410
Personality 401 General models of the aetiology
Personality disorder 402 and treatment of personality disorders 411
CASE STUDY: PERSONALITY DISORDER 402 CASE STUDY: COGNITIVE ANALYTIC THERAPY 418
The diagnosis of personality disorder 402 Can the impact of personality disorders be reduced
The Cluster A personality disorders 404 through early-intervention programs? 421
CASE STUDY: PARANOID PERSONALITY DISORDER 405 The aetiology and treatment of specific
The Cluster B personality disorders 405 personality disorders 422
CASE STUDY: ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER 406 Summary 435
The Cluster C personality disorders 407 Key terms 435
CASE STUDY: OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE PERSONALITY Review questions 436
DISORDER 408 References 436

CHAPTER 14 Disorders of childhood 443

Alina Morawska • Matthew Sanders

DISORDERS OF CHILDHOOD: AN AUSTRALASIAN CASE STUDY: PARENT MANAGEMENT TRAINING FOR

FOCUS 443 OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER 470
Psychological and behavioural disorders in Internalising disorders 472
children 444 The diagnosis and epidemiology of separation
Myths, realities and research challenges 444 anxiety disorder 473
Historical and current approaches to the The aetiology of separation anxiety disorder 473
understanding and classification of childhood The treatment of separation anxiety disorder 474
disorders 447 CASE STUDY: COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOURAL TREATMENT
Neurodevelopmental disorders 450 FOR ANXIETY 475
The diagnosis and epidemiology of attention-deficit/ The diagnosis and epidemiology of selective mutism 476
hyperactivity disorder 450 The aetiology of selective mutism 476
The aetiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity The treatment of selective mutism 477
disorder 451 Elimination disorders 477
Specific learning disorder 453 The diagnosis and epidemiology of enuresis 477
Autism spectrum disorder 455 The aetiology of enuresis 478
Intellectual disability 457 The treatment of enuresis 478
Externalising disorders 460 The diagnosis and epidemiology of encopresis 479
The diagnosis and epidemiology of oppositional The aetiology of encopresis 479
defiant disorder 461 The treatment of encopresis 479
The aetiology of oppositional defiant disorder 462 Summary 480
The diagnosis and epidemiology of conduct disorder 463 Key terms 480
The aetiology of conduct disorder 464 Review questions 481
The treatment and prevention of externalising disorders 465 References 481

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CHAPTER 15 Ageing and psychological disorders 491

Nancy A. Pachana

AGEING AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS: CASE STUDY: ANXIETY 520

AN AUSTRALASIAN FOCUS 491 Life events associated with later life: retirement,
Ageing 493 grandparenting, driving cessation and
The demographics and epidemiology of ageing 493 bereavement 521
Historical overview of the psychology of ageing 496 Retirement 521
Normal ageing processes: cognitive, emotional Grandparenting 522
and social functioning 497 Driving cessation 523
Psychological disorders in later life: the dementias 505 CASE STUDY: DRIVING 524
The definition of dementia and neurocognitive disorder 505 Bereavement 525
Alzheimer’s disease 506 Positive or successful ageing 527
Vascular dementia 508 Ageing organisations and resources
Other forms of dementia and related disorders 509 in Australia, New Zealand and worldwide 528
The assessment, treatment and prevention of dementia 509 Summary 529
Psychological disorders in later life: depression Key terms 529
and anxiety 515 Review questions 529
Depression 515 References 530
Anxiety disorders 517

CHAPTER 16 Health psychology 537

Phyllis Butow

HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY: AN AUSTRALASIAN FOCUS 537 Shared decision making and patient-centred care 562
The definition of health and health behaviour 539 Risk communication 564
Models of health behaviour 541 Interventions to increase the accuracy of risk
The health belief model 541 perception 566
Protection motivation theory 544 Quality of life and adjustment
The theory of reasoned action and the theory to chronic disease 567
of planned behaviour 545 Coping with and adjustment to disease 568
The stages of change model 547 Interventions to promote adjustment to illness 570
Self-regulation theory 549 CASE STUDY: A WOMAN WITH CANCER 574
Interventions based on health behaviour models 552 Summary 575
The relationship between stress and disease 555 Key terms 575
Definitions of stress 555 Review questions 576
Evidence of the impact of stress on health 558 References 576
Communicating with patients about health,
risk, disease and treatment 562

GRADUATE SPOTLIGHT
Sofia Robleda 72
Elong Gersh 124
Dr Tegan Cruwys 234
Dr Kristen Murray 368
Franco Scalzo 490

Glossary 583
Index 596

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 xi

Preface
The field of abnormal psychology is well served by several competent textbooks—so much so that in my
first years of teaching in the area I was not immediately aware of the need for an innovative approach.
Indeed, this impetus was initially provided through feedback from my students, who expressed their
frustration with the lack of local content in the available texts, most of which were American, so that the
content tended to distance them from, rather than more fully engage them with, the material. Having thus
been encouraged to take a closer look at the range of available texts, I became aware of the additional need
to have specialists presenting the current body of knowledge in their respective areas of expertise if students
were to be provided with material that most accurately reflects contemporary theorising and research.
Both of these innovative aspects of the book—that is, the local content and reliance on specialist
authors—require some elaboration. The local content is most obviously reflected in the selection of authors
from Australia and New Zealand; the inclusion of research from this region when such studies constitute
the best exemplars in the field; the presentation of topics of regional relevance; and the application of
concepts using regional examples, most notably in the ‘Australasian Focus’ pieces that introduce each
chapter. While these sections refer predominantly to Australian people and governmental policies, this
material was selected so as to be highly recognisable and pertinent in the New Zealand context as well.
Clearly, abnormal psychology is an international discipline, the knowledge base of which is informed by
theoretical and empirical work worldwide. Yet, by presenting this information in a manner that is also
sensitive to the reader’s cultural context, this text aims to generate maximum relevance and hence interest
and engagement on the part of the reader. Indeed, approximately 80 per cent of students in an undergraduate
abnormal psychology course that I taught stated that they appreciated the inclusion of local content in the
first edition of this book. We have sought to ensure that this local content remains highly current by, for
example, including new Australasian Focus pieces at the beginning of each chapter in this fourth edition.
Aside from its Australian and New Zealand content, this book is noteworthy for the high calibre of its
authors. The chapters have been written by eminent researchers and practitioners who continue to make
a significant contribution to understanding the disorders in which they have expertise. As such, they are
ideally placed to impart to the reader highly contemporary perspectives on the various disorders. While it
is common practice for undergraduate students to be availed only of textbooks written by generalists, the
use of specialist authors is intended to present readers with the most current scholarship from the time
of their earliest engagement with the subject matter of abnormal psychology. Given our commitment to
currency, we have introduced this fourth edition of the book only three years after the previous edition
so that readers can be acquainted with the most recent research across the various domains of abnormal
psychology, while also anticipating future challenges and innovations. Thus, while the book received its
initial inspiration from students, its state-of-the-art approach aims, in turn, to inspire the next generation
of leading researchers and clinicians by informing them of the limits of what is currently known and what
remains to be understood in the field of abnormal psychology.

Elizabeth Rieger

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 xii

About the editor

Elizabeth Rieger is an Associate Professor and
clinical psychologist in the Research School of
Psychology at the Australian National University
where she conducts research, teaching and clinical
work. In her research she specialises in eating
disorders and obesity, having completed her PhD on
anorexia nervosa at the University of Sydney and a
postdoctoral fellowship at the Center for Eating and
Weight Disorders of the University of California,
San Diego and San Diego State University. She
has published widely on both eating disorders and
obesity, including the motivational, cognitive and
interpersonal aspects of these conditions and their
effective treatments.
As well as teaching undergraduate courses on
abnormal psychology and health psychology, Elizabeth
has taught postgraduate courses on eating and weight
Photogragh by Scott Ogilvie disorders, motivational interviewing, cognitive
behaviour therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy.
She has over 20 years of experience as a clinical psychologist, during which time she has worked in a diverse
range of public and private settings.
Elizabeth is a member of the Eating Disorders Research Society, the Australia and New Zealand
Academy for Eating Disorders, the College of Clinical Psychologists of the Australian Psychological
Society and the Australian Clinical Psychology Association and is an editorial board member of the Journal
of Eating Disorders.

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Contributing authors
Maree Abbott is an Associate Professor in the
School of Psychology at the University of Sydney
and a practising clinical psychologist. She is the
Director of Clinical Training for the postgraduate
clinical psychology program and teaches in the
areas of psychopathology and the assessment
and treatment of adult psychological disorders,
in addition to conducting clinical and research
supervision. Prior to this appointment, Maree was
based at Macquarie University as the Royce Abbey
Postdoctoral Fellow. Her research focuses on further
understanding the nature and treatment of child and
adult anxiety disorders, particularly social phobia
and generalised anxiety disorder. She has served
on the Executive of the Australian Psychological
Society College of Clinical Psychologists in New
South Wales and currently chairs the Membership
and Professional Standards Committee for the
Australian Clinical Psychology Association.
Harjit Bagga is a Senior Clinical Psychologist at the
Gender Clinic, Monash Health, in Melbourne. She
has worked in public mental health (both state and
federal government services) and private practice.
Over the past 10 years, Harjit has developed a
special interest in gender variance through her work
at the Gender Clinic. Her research interests in this
field include the role of sex hormones on brain
function, prevalence, personality and psychometric
assessment with adults. She has presented at several
national and international gender conferences and
contributed to research projects and publications
examining the prevalence of gender dysphoria in
Australia, quality of life in individuals attending
the Gender Clinic and patient satisfaction with
services. Harjit’s work for this text was completed
independently from her employment at Monash
Health and does not necessarily reflect the views of
Monash Health or its Gender Clinic.
Sarah Bendall is a Senior Research Fellow at
Orygen: The National Centre of Excellence in
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xiii
Youth Mental Health and the Centre for Youth
Mental Health, at the University of Melbourne. Her
areas of research interest are trauma in first-episode
psychosis and the development and trialling of
new psychological therapies for recovery in early
psychosis. She teaches psychological assessment
of, and cognitive behaviour therapy for, psychosis
within the postgraduate clinical psychology
professional training program at the University of
Melbourne. Sarah is the author of two psychological
treatment manuals for early psychosis. She has
practised as a clinical psychologist for over
20 years in a variety of settings including adult
and adolescent outpatient mental health. She has
supervised clinical psychologists for over 10 years
and has provided training for treating trauma in
those with first-episode psychosis nationally and
internationally. She is the author of over 50 peer-
reviewed journal articles and several book chapters.
Alex Blaszczynski is a Professor of Clinical
Psychology and Director of the Gambling Treatment
& Research Clinic at the School of Psychology,
University of Sydney. He is a clinical psychologist
with extensive experience in treating individuals with
pathological gambling and other impulse control
disorders. His research interests are directed towards
the development of a conceptual pathway model of
problem gambling, the role of the personality trait of
impulsivity, treatment outcomes and their predictors,
and the effectiveness of warning signs on electronic
gaming machines as harm-minimisation strategies.
Alex has investigated the association between
pathological gambling and crime, and with co-authors
has developed a model for casino self-exclusion. He
is editor-in-chief of International Gambling Studies,
has published more than 200 peer-reviewed journal
articles, and has edited several books and book
chapters on the topic of gambling.
Richard Bryant is a Scientia Professor of
Psychology, Australian Research Council Laureate
08/01/17 10:34 AM
 xiv Contributing authors
Fellow, and Director of the Traumatic Stress Clinic at the
University of New South Wales. His research has included
conducting prospective studies of posttraumatic stress
responses, developing the first assessment measures of acute
stress disorder, implementing controlled treatment trials
of acute stress disorder and investigating the biological and
cognitive factors that influence psychological adaptation after
trauma. Richard has published more than 380 peer-reviewed
journal articles and co-authored the leading text on acute stress
disorder. His assessment and treatment protocols are currently
being employed by many civilian and military agencies around
the world, including those coordinating mental health projects
in the wake of terrorist and natural disaster events. Richard
is a Fellow of the Australian Psychological Society and the
Australian Academy of Social Sciences in Australia.
Phyllis Butow is a Professor, and National Health and
Medical Research Council Senior Principal Research Fellow,
in the School of Psychology, University of Sydney. She
co-directs the Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-
based Medicine (CeMPED) and chairs the Australian Psycho-
Oncology Co-operative Research Group (PoCoG). Phyllis
has worked for over 20 years in the area of psycho-oncology
and has developed an international reputation in this field and
the area of health communication. Phyllis has published more
than 450 articles in peer-reviewed journals and her work
has been translated into health communication modules for
oncology professionals’ guidelines and practice.
David Clarke is Professor of Psychological Medicine at
Monash University. He works at the interface between
psychiatry and physical medicine, as a consultation-liaison
psychiatrist at Monash Medical Centre. He is Clinical Director
of Consultation-Liaison and Primary Care Psychiatry at
Monash Health in Melbourne and teaches psychiatry at
undergraduate and postgraduate levels, with his main interests
being depression and somatisation. David has been the
recipient of a number of research grants from the National
Health and Medical Research Council, with research focusing
on the nature of distress and depression in the medically
ill, demoralisation as a concept and a particular form of
depression, the use of psychotherapy in the medically ill, and
the nature of psychiatric presentations and pathways to care
for people in the general medical and primary care settings. He
has published more than 100 articles in scientific journals and
regularly presents his work at conferences.
David H. Gleaves is Professor of Psychology (Clinical) at the
University of South Australia in Adelaide. He has previously
rie66620_fm_i-xxvi.indd xiv
directed the clinical psychology programs at both the University
of South Australia and the University of Canterbury, in New
Zealand. He has worked in the areas of dissociative and eating
disorders for approximately 30 years and has produced over 120
scholarly publications in these and related areas. He received
both the Morton Prince Award for Scientific Achievement
and the Pierre Janet Award for Writing Excellence from the
International Society for the Study of Trauma & Dissociation.
David is or has been a member of the editorial board of several
journals including Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Journal
of Clinical Psychology, Journal of Child Sexual Abuse and
Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. He is also a registered
clinical psychologist and a member of both the Australian
Psychological Society’s College of Clinical Psychologists and
the American Psychological Association.
John Gleeson is a Professor of Psychology at the Australian
Catholic University in Melbourne. Previously he held a joint
appointment between the North Western Mental Health Program,
a program of Melbourne Health, and the Psychology Department
of the University of Melbourne. His research interests include
cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for first-episode psychosis
and psychological treatments for the complex behavioural
problems associated with psychosis. He has taught psychological
assessment and CBT within the postgraduate clinical psychology
professional training program at the University of Melbourne.
John edited the first treatment handbook of psychological
interventions for early psychosis, which includes contributions
from Europe, North America, Australia and Scandinavia. He has
more than 10 years’ experience in providing clinical supervision
to clinical psychologists and has provided training workshops
nationally and internationally on CBT for psychosis. Together
with colleagues from Orygen: The National Centre of Excellence
in Youth Mental Health and the University of Melbourne he
has recently pioneered moderated online social therapy for
first-episode psychosis.
Phillipa Hay is a Professor and Foundation Chair of
Mental Health at the School of Medicine, Western Sydney
University. She has been researching and working in the area
of eating disorders for over two decades since completing
her postgraduate training in psychiatry and has two higher
research degrees in the area. She completed her DPhil under
the supervision of Professor Christopher Fairburn at the
University of Oxford. She has written more than 180 research
articles and has been invited to present her research at meetings
in the United States, Europe and South America. Phillipa
is co-Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Eating Disorders, a
former President of the Australian and New Zealand Academy
08/01/17 10:34 AM

for Eating Disorders and has served at a senior level on
education and scientific committees of the Royal Australian
and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, Australian Medical
Council and the international Academy for Eating Disorders.
In 2015 she received the Lifetime Achievement Award from
the Australia and New Zealand Academy for Eating Disorders.
Carol Hulbert is an Associate Professor in the School of
Psychological Sciences at the University of Melbourne and
also holds the position of Director of the Clinical Psychology
Program. She is a clinical psychologist and clinical researcher
with extensive experience in mental health services. She
has worked as a clinician, manager and regional senior
psychologist in public mental health. Carol’s program
development experience includes involvement in the setting
up of the Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre
and the establishment of the Spectrum Personality Disorder
Service of Victoria. Her research interests include social
cognition and social functioning in borderline personality
disorder, the aetiology and psychological treatment of
personality disorder, and the role of trauma in outcomes for
early psychosis.
Martina Jovev is a psychologist at Orygen: The National
Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health and a Research
Fellow at Orygen Research Centre in Melbourne. Since
completing her PhD, she has been an investigator on projects
in borderline personality disorder in young people and has
collaborated with leading researchers in the field of neuroimaging
and youth mental health at the Melbourne Neuropsychiatry
Centre and Orygen Research Centre to conduct pioneering work
on the relationship between brain development and environment
in risk for personality dysfunction in adolescence. Martina’s
previous research has examined the processing of psychosocial
threat in young people with borderline personality disorder
symptoms. She is also a co-investigator on several large clinical
projects in the field of borderline personality disorder in young
people, including a randomised controlled trial of cognitive
analytic therapy, screening for the disorder in youth, and sexual
and reproductive health among youth with the disorder. She
has published multiple articles in the area of cognitive biases
in borderline personality disorder and is a co-author on several
papers published in prestigious international peer-reviewed
journals, such as Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging and
Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. Martina has presented her work
at numerous major national and international conferences,
including the International Society for the Study of Personality
Disorders Congress.
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Contributing authors xv
Riki Lane is Research/Project Worker at the Gender Clinic,
Monash Health and Research Fellow at Southern Academic
Primary Care Research Unit, Monash University. Riki has
expertise in the sociology of transgender health care and
primary health, and research interests in changing models of
health care particularly for trans and gender diverse people and
generally in multi-disciplinary teams. Gender Clinic work has
included researching clinicians’ attitudes to approving gender
affirmation surgeries, facilitating consumer/community
participation, and the development and delivery of education
in affirmative healthcare practice with trans and gender diverse
people. Riki is Chair of the Australian and New Zealand
Professional Association for Transgender Health Research
Committee, a member of the Australian and New Zealand
Professional Association for Transgender Health Education
Committee, and a member of the Victorian State Department
of Health and Human Services Trans Expert Advisory Group.
The work presented here was completed independently from
employment at Monash Health and Monash University and
does not necessarily reflect their views.
Marita McCabe is Director, Institute for Health and Ageing
at the Australian Catholic University in Melbourne. She has
conducted research on a broad range of topics in the area of
human sexuality for the past 30 years. In particular, she has
studied the aetiology and treatment of sexual dysfunction.
This research has involved the evaluation of cognitive
behaviour therapy programs for male and female sexual
dysfunction, which in recent years have been successfully
converted to be delivered via the internet. Marita is on the
editorial board of a number of journals and has supervised
many doctoral students who have completed their theses in
the area of human sexuality.
Louise McCutcheon is a Senior Clinical Psychologist, Senior
Program Manager and an honorary Research Fellow with
Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental
Health, and the Centre for Youth Mental Health at Melbourne
University. She jointly founded the Helping Young People
Early (HYPE) program, an early-intervention program for
borderline personality disorder in youth at Orygen Youth
Health. Louise coordinated the clinical program for 11 years
and has been an investigator on various research projects
including two randomised controlled trials of interventions for
youth with borderline personality disorder. Her current role
includes clinical, research and service development functions.
She is regularly invited to speak at national and international
conferences and assists mental health services to implement
08/01/17 10:34 AM
 xvi Contributing authors
early intervention programs for youth with personality
disorders and other complex problems. She established a
psychotherapy training program based on cognitive analytic
therapy, and is the founding President of the Australian and
New Zealand Association for Cognitive Analytic Therapy.
Peter McEvoy is a teaching and research Professor of Clinical
Psychology in the School of Psychology and Speech Pathology
at Curtin University, and a Senior Clinical Psychologist at
the Centre for Clinical Interventions, Perth. He previously
worked at the Anxiety Disorders Clinic at St Vincent’s
Hospital in Sydney. Peter has extensive clinical experience
providing evidence-supported group and individual treatments
for emotional disorders. His research interests include
treatment outcome evaluation, transdiagnostic approaches
to conceptualising and treating emotional disorders, the use
of imagery in psychotherapy, repetitive negative thinking,
mechanisms of behavioural and cognitive change, and the
epidemiology of mental disorders. Peter is an associate
editor for the Journal of Anxiety Disorders and the Journal
of Experimental Psychopathology, and teaches adult
psychopathology and psychotherapy in the Master of Clinical
Psychology program.
Catharine McNab is a Senior Clinical Psychologist in the
Orygen Youth Health Clinical Program in Melbourne. Her
clinical experience has focused on mental illness in adolescents
and young adults, most recently in indicated prevention and
early intervention for borderline personality disorder in young
people. She consults with and provides training to medical
and allied health staff about effective collaboration with
young people with these difficulties, particularly in acute
service settings. Her research interests include examining
the experiences of families of people with early-onset mental
illness and identifying what the consequences of appropriately
supporting families might be, both for families and patients.
Ross G. Menzies is Associate Professor of Psychology in the
discipline of Behavioural and Community Health Sciences at
the University of Sydney. In 1991 he was appointed founding
Director of the Anxiety Disorders Clinic, Faculty of Health
Sciences, University of Sydney, a post he held for more than
20 years. He is the past NSW and National President of the
Australian Association for Cognitive and Behaviour Therapy.
He was the President and Convenor of the 2016 World
Congress of Behavioural and Cognitive Therapies and is Editor
of Australia’s national cognitive behaviour therapy scientific
journal, Behaviour Change. Ross holds numerous national
rie66620_fm_i-xxvi.indd xvi
competitive grants in the area of anxiety. He has produced
more than 170 international journal papers, books and book
chapters and is regularly invited to speak at conferences and
leading universities and institutions around the world.
Philip B. Mitchell is Scientia Professor and Head of the
School of Psychiatry at the University of New South Wales.
His research and clinical interests are in bipolar disorder and
depression, with particular focus on youth at high genetic
risk of bipolar disorder, the molecular genetics of bipolar
disorder, transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression,
and the pharmacological and psychological treatment of
bipolar disorder and depression. Philip has published (in
conjunction with colleagues) more than 450 papers and
chapters on these topics. In 2002 he was awarded the Senior
Research Award of the Royal Australian and New Zealand
College of Psychiatrists. In 2004 he received the Founders
Medal of the Australasian Society for Psychiatry Research.
In the 2010 Australia Day honours list he was appointed a
Member of the Order of Australia. He is a Visiting Professor
at Harbin Medical University in China and Guest Professor at
Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China. He recently served
as Chairman of the Australasian Society for Bipolar and
Depressive Disorders.
Alina Morawska is the Deputy Director (Research) at the
Parenting and Family Support Centre at the University of
Queensland. Her research focuses on behavioural family
intervention as a means of promoting positive family
relationships, and the prevention and early intervention
for young children at risk of developing behavioural and
emotional problems. In particular, her focus is on improving
the health and overall wellbeing of children and families. She
completed her PhD in Clinical Psychology at the University
of Queensland in 2004, for which she received the Australian
Psychological Society’s Excellent PhD Thesis in Psychology
Award. She has published extensively in the field of parenting
and family intervention and has received numerous grants
to support her research. She is a Director of the Australian
Association for Cognitive and Behaviour Therapy Ltd.
Greg Murray is a Professor of Psychology at Swinburne
University in Melbourne. He has an international reputation
for clinical psychology research, having published more than
120 peer-reviewed articles since taking out his PhD from the
University of Melbourne in 2001. Expertscape ranks him
in the top 1 per cent of researchers worldwide in the fields
of bipolar disorders, circadian rhythms, personality and
08/01/17 10:34 AM

affect. Greg authored the psychological aspects of the Royal
Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists mood
disorder guidelines, and the Australian Psychological Society
guidelines for treating bipolar disorder. He is Research Lead
for an international network studying psychosocial issues
in bipolar disorder, and a member of a National Institute of
Mental Health working group on activation in mood disorders.
Greg has won multiple individual awards for teaching, and
provided professional development workshops for hundreds
of psychologists and psychiatrists across Australia and
overseas. He is a practising clinical psychologist, and was
elected a Fellow of the Australian Psychological Society in
2013. Through 2016–2019, he is leading a trial funded by the
National Health and Medical Research Council investigating a
novel online intervention for bipolar disorder.
Richard O’Kearney is a Professor and Senior Research
Fellow in the Research School of Psychology at the Australian
National University. His research includes evaluation of
interventions and prevention programs for depression in the
community and schools, as well as work on the development
of emotional regulation abilities in children and adolescents.
He has published applied and basic research on obsessive-
compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. As
a member of the Cochrane Collaboration, Richard has been
actively involved in the dissemination of the evidence base
for interventions in mental health and has authored and
co-authored several systematic reviews. He also practises as a
clinical psychologist in Canberra.
Nancy A. Pachana is Professor of Clinical Geropsychology
in the School of Psychology at the University of Queensland.
A clinical psychologist and clinical neuropsychologist, she
received extensive postdoctoral training in the assessment and
treatment of older populations at the University of California
Los Angeles Neuropsychiatric Institute and the Palo Alto
Veterans Affairs in California. A fellow of the Australian
Psychological Society, she is also a past chair of the Society’s
Psychology and Ageing Interest Group, as well as a Fellow of
the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia, and a faculty
affiliate of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of
Psychiatrists in the Faculty of Psychiatry of Old Age. Nancy
has published more than 200 peer-reviewed articles, book
chapters and books in the field of ageing, including a sole
authored text for Oxford University Press, Ageing: A Very
Short Introduction. Her main research interests include the
assessment and treatment of late-life anxiety disorders, driving
and driving cessation in later life, and novel assessment and
interventions for nursing home residents.
rie66620_fm_i-xxvi.indd xvii
Contributing authors xvii
Ken Pang is a Consultant Paediatrician at the Royal Children’s
Hospital in Melbourne and Clinician Scientist Fellow at the
Murdoch Children’s Research Institute. His clinical experience
encompasses both paediatrics and child psychiatry, and his
current work is focused on the care of transgender children
and adolescents. His research background is in genetics and
cell biology, and includes postdoctoral studies at Harvard
University as a Fulbright Scholar and National Health and
Medical Research Council RG Menzies Fellow. To date, he has
published over 35 peer-reviewed papers (including in Science,
Genome Research and Molecular Psychiatry) that have
been cited more than 8000 times. More recently, motivated
by a desire to improve the clinical outcomes of transgender
children and adolescents, Ken’s research has started to focus
on questions related to transgender health.
Matthew Sanders is a Professor of Clinical Psychology and
Director of the Parenting and Family Support Centre at the
University of Queensland. He is also a consulting Professor
at the University of Manchester, a visiting Professor at the
University of South Carolina and holds adjunct Professorships
at Glasgow Caledonian University and the University of
Auckland. As the founder of the Triple P—Positive Parenting
Program, he is considered a world leader in the development,
implementation, evaluation and dissemination of population-
based approaches to parenting and family interventions.
Triple P is currently in use in many countries worldwide.
Matthew’s work has been widely recognised by his peers
as reflected by a number of prestigious awards. In 2007, he
received the Australian Psychological Society’s President’s
Award for Distinguished Contribution to Psychology and in
2004 he received an International Collaborative Prevention
Science award from the Society for Prevention Research in
the United States. In 2007 he received a Trailblazers Award
from the Parenting and Families Special Interest Group in
the Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Therapy and
in 2008 became a fellow of the New Zealand Psychological
Society. He has also won a Distinguished Career Award from
the Australian Association for Cognitive Behaviour Therapy,
was named Honorary President of the Canadian Psychological
Association (2009) and Queenslander of the Year (2007). In
2013, he was named one of the University of Queensland’s top
five innovators for his work with Triple P.
Marianna Szabó is a Senior Lecturer in the School of
Psychology at the University of Sydney. She coordinates the
undergraduate Abnormal Psychology course in the school and
lectures on conceptual issues in classification and diagnosis, as
08/01/17 10:34 AM
xviii Acknowledgments

well as on the nature and causation of anxiety and depression
in adults and youth. She also contributes to teaching abnormal
psychology at different levels of training, from the first year
Introductory Psychology course to postgraduate training.
Marianna’s research interests include examining basic
diagnostic and conceptual issues in abnormal psychology,
as well as further understanding the nature of child and
adult anxiety and mood disorders, particularly generalised
anxiety disorder and depression. She is a registered clinical
psychologist in private practice and member of the Australian
Psychological Society’s College of Clinical Psychologists.
Robert Tait is a senior research fellow at the National
Drug Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin
University. His research interests are in the areas of alcohol,
tobacco and other drug use and in particular how these relate
to mental health disorders. He has used administrative health
data to assess the long-term relationships between substance
use and mental health and to evaluate the effectiveness of
interventions. Robert is also interested in the development
of new interventions, in particular using internet-delivered
programs. His work has included those in the general
population, high-risk groups and clinical samples.
Stephen Touyz is Professor of Clinical Psychology and
Clinical Professor in Psychiatry at the University of Sydney.
He is also the executive Chair of the Centre for Eating and
Dieting Disorders. He has written or edited six books and
more than 270 research articles and book chapters on eating
disorders and related topics. He is a Fellow of the Academy
of Eating Disorders and the Australian Psychological Society
and is a past President of the Eating Disorders Research
Society. Stephen was the inaugural treasurer of the Australian
and New Zealand Academy for Eating Disorders and a past
executive member of the Eating Disorders Foundation. He is
the Co-founding Editor of the Journal of Eating Disorders and
a member of the editorial advisory boards of the International
Journal of Eating Disorders, European Eating Disorders
Review and Advances in Eating Disorders: Theory, Research
and Practice. In 2012 he was presented with a Leadership
in Research award by the prestigious Academy of Eating
Disorders (International).

Acknowledgments
Teamwork has been an essential part of the creation of this important book. We are very proud to
acknowledge the contributions made by the esteemed author team; without their experience and passion
this text would not have been possible.
Peter McEvoy wishes to acknowledge Professor Andrew Page for his contribution to Chapter 2 of both
the first and second editions.
Thank you also to the following academics for their work on the accompanying digital resources:
Kimberley Norris, Siavash Bandarian-Balooch, Stephanie Quinton and Jessica Paterson.

PUBLISHERS
Our thanks and acknowledgment go to the McGraw-Hill Education Australia team. The publication of a
work of this scope and innovation would not have been possible without them.
We appreciate the work of our publisher Lisa Coady, for her vision and faith in this project, and our
content developer Isabella Mead, for her organisational skills and enthusiasm for the project.
Our thanks go to senior content producer Claire Linsdell for her methodical project management during
production; and to Simon Rattray, our cover designer; the digital team Marisa Rey Bulen and Bethany Ng;
and our copyeditor, Alison Moore.

rie66620_fm_i-xxvi.indd xviii 08/03/17 10:42 AM

 xix

Case matrix
CHAPTER OPENING CASE STUDY
1 Abnormal psychology: an Australasian focus
2 Anxiety disorders: an Australasian focus
3 Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders:
an Australasian focus
4 Trauma- and stressor-related disorders:
an Australasian focus
5 Depressive disorders: an Australasian focus
6 Bipolar disorder: an Australasian focus
7 Psychotic disorders: an Australasian focus
8 Somatic symptom and dissociative disorders:
an Australasian focus
9 Eating disorders: an Australasian focus
10 Addictive disorders: an Australasian focus
11 Sexual and relationship problems:
an Australasian focus
12 Gender dysphoria: an Australasian focus
13 Personality disorders: an Australasian focus
14 Disorders of childhood: an Australasian focus
15 Ageing and psychological disorders:
an Australasian focus
CHAPTER CASE STUDIES
∙ Specific phobia
∙ Panic disorder and agoraphobia
∙ Social anxiety disorder
∙ Generalised anxiety disorder
∙ Obsession with harming others
∙ Contamination obsessions and compulsions
∙ Posttraumatic stress disorder
∙ Anxiety and depression
∙ The symptoms and treatment of major depressive disorder
∙ First manic episode
∙ The role of stress and trauma in psychosis onset
∙ From prodromal phase to early recovery
∙ Somatic symptom disorder
∙ The recovered memory/false memory debate
∙ Dissociative identity disorder
∙ Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)
∙ Anorexia nervosa
∙ Bulimia nervosa
∙ Binge eating disorder
∙ Severe alcohol use disorder
∙ Cannabis withdrawal
∙ Acute intoxication: synthetic cannabinoids
∙ Stimulant-induced psychotic disorder
∙ A behaviourally conditioned problem gambler
∙ Cognitive therapy for a problem gambler
∙ A male with hypoactive sexual desire disorder
∙ A male with premature ejaculation
∙ A female with sexual interest disorder and a male with erectile disorder
∙ Jarc
∙ Aubrey
∙ Kelsey
∙ Surajek
∙ Naya
∙ Personality disorder
∙ Paranoid personality disorder
∙ Antisocial personality disorder
∙ Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
∙ Cognitive analytic therapy
∙ Parent management training for oppositional defiant disorder
∙ Cognitive-behavioural treatment for anxiety
∙ Anxiety
∙ Driving

16 Health psychology: an Australasian focus ∙ A woman with cancer

rie66620_fm_i-xxvi.indd xix 08/01/17 10:34 AM

 xx

What’s new in this

edition?
CHAPTER MAJOR UPDATES

1 Conceptual issues in abnormal ∙ 

New Australasian Focus piece
psychology ∙ 
Updated research on topics such as the contributions and limitations of the
biological perspective

2 Anxiety disorders ∙ 

New Australasian Focus piece
∙ 
New case study on panic disorder and agoraphobia
∙ 
Updated research on topics such as habituation and inhibitory learning, and
CBT and generalised anxiety disorder

3 Obsessive-compulsive and related ∙ 

New Australasian Focus piece
disorders ∙ 
New case study on obsession with harming others
∙ 
Updated research on topics such as OCD-related disorders, including hoarding
disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, trichotillomania and excoriation disorder

4 Trauma- and stressor-related ∙ 

New Australasian Focus piece
disorders ∙ 
Updated case study on PTSD
∙ 
Updated research on topics such as the prevalence and epidemiology of PTSD,
and on prevention

5 Depressive disorders ∙ 

New Australasian Focus piece
∙ 
New case study on anxiety and depression
∙ 
Updated research on topics such as interpersonal psychotherapy and relapse
prevention

6 Bipolar disorder ∙ 

New Australasian Focus piece
∙ 
Updated research on topics such as the connection between bipolar disorder
and creativity, and evidence-based psychological therapies and bipolar disorder

7 Psychotic disorders ∙ 

New Australasian Focus piece
∙ 
New case study on the role of stress and trauma in psychosis onset
∙ 
Updated research on topics such as vulnerability factors and delusions

8 Somatic symptom and dissociative ∙ 

New Australasian Focus piece
disorders ∙ 
Updated research on topics such as the diagnosis of somatic symptom and
related disorders, and conversion disorder

9 Eating disorders ∙ 

New Australasian Focus piece
∙ 
New case studies on avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), anorexia
nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder
∙ 
Updated research on topics such as the treatment of anorexia nervosa and
binge eating disorder

rie66620_fm_i-xxvi.indd xx 08/01/17 10:34 AM

 What’s new in this edition? xxi

CHAPTER MAJOR UPDATES

10 Addictive disorders ∙ 

New Australasian Focus piece
∙ 
New case studies on severe alcohol use disorder and acute intoxication:
synthetic cannabinoids
∙ 
Updated research on topics such as the diagnosis and prevalence of substance
use disorders, and gambling disorder

11 Sexual and relationship problems ∙ 

Updated Australasian Focus piece
∙ 
New case studies on hypoactive sexual desire disorder, and premature
ejaculation
∙ 
Updated research on topics such as the treatment of paraphilic disorders

12 Gender dsyphoria ∙ 

New chapter on gender dysphoria
∙ 
Five case studies
∙ 
Content covering the diagnosis, epidemiology, aetiology and treatment of
gender dysphoria

13 Personality disorders ∙ 

New Australasian Focus piece
∙ 
New case studies on personality disorder, and paranoid personality disorder
∙ 
Updated research on topics such as the diagnosis of personality disorders,
personality disorders across cultures, and cognitive analytic therapy

14 Disorders of childhood ∙ 

New Australasian Focus piece
∙ 
New case study on cognitive behavioural treatment for anxiety
∙ 
Updated research on topics such as the prevalence of mental disorders in
childhood, and the diagnosis and epidemiology of oppositional defiant disorder

15 Ageing and psychological ∙ 

New Australasian Focus piece
disorders ∙ 
New case studies on anxiety and driving
∙ 
Updated research on topics such as physical activity, disability and ageing, and
executive functioning and ageing

16 Health psychology ∙ 

New Australasian Focus piece
∙ 
Updated research on topics such as the health belief model and behaviour
change interventions, and stress-response syndromes

rie66620_fm_i-xxvi.indd xxi 08/01/17 10:34 AM

 Philip B. Mitchell
Greg Murray

CHAPTER OUTLINE
●
Historical and current approaches to the diagnosis of bipolar disorder
The epidemiology of bipolar disorder

Text at a glance - 4e
●

●
The aetiology of bipolar disorder
● The treatment of bipolar disorder
● Summary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES (LO)

6.1 Differentiate bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder and cyclothymic disorder.
6.2 Understand the epidemiological aspects of bipolar disorder.
6.3 Describe the possible causes of bipolar disorder.
6.4 Describe the medical and psychological interventions used to treat and prevent bipolar disorder.

DEVELOPED FOR BIPOLAR DISORDER: AN AUSTRALASIAN FOCUS

LOCAL STUDENTS
Bipolar disorder refers to a group of conditions where people typically experience the two poles of mood disturbance—
that is, episodes of depression and episodes with manic or hypomanic symptoms (such as an excessively agitated or
euphoric mood). ABC News journalist Jane Ryan, who had been living with bipolar disorder for a decade before she

BY LOCAL AUTHORS made her condition publicly known, provided a vivid description of her most recent episode of this condition:
First I became severely depressed. The strength went out of my arms and legs and it was hard to
walk . . . Everything became grey and hazy and hard to focus on. My brain slowed down to a snail’s pace . . .
Abnormal Psychology 4e has been I fixated on death—not because I wanted to kill myself, but because it seemed like the only way I could get
some rest. I knew it couldn’t last forever and that I’d survived it before, but somehow in the depths of that
developed by expert authors to despair I convinced myself that I would never be better, I would never recover, I would stay like this forever.
Then a switch was flicked . . . I became agitated . . . I stopped listening when people were talking because
help students studying in Australia my thoughts were racing and I couldn’t concentrate. I talked loud and fast without realising it, I felt so funny

and New Zealand engage with and and clever. Then I became irritable. Deeply irritable . . . Soon after, I became psychotic. I lost my grip on reality
and started to imagine the natural environment harboured terrible dangers [such as] a group of cyclists
apply the concepts and theories of approaching from behind was a swarm of buzzards swooping to peck me to death. It’s hard to describe the
terror you feel when you know your mind has become totally unhinged and you can’t tell what’s real and
abnormal psychology. Research what’s not. During that time I experienced incredible fear and anxiety that people at work might discover
the truth.
by Australian and New Zealand It was Jane’s fear of negative attitudes and discrimination from others regarding her bipolar disorder that led her to keep
her condition a secret. Fortunately, the stigma around the condition is decreasing as more people such as Jane are opening
academics and researchers,
local statistics, case studies and continued

examples are used throughout

the book.
rie66620_ch06_125-146.indd 125 07/08/17 01:44 PM

240 Abnormal psychology 4e

CRITICAL EXAMINATION
CASE STUDY: AVOIDANT/RESTRICTIVE FOOD INTAKE DISORDER (ARFID) This text has been written to help students develop their
Rachel is a 32-year-old woman who was admitted to a general medical hospital ward after she presented to the
Emergency Department. She was referred to the Emergency Department by her family doctor, who was concerned
critical thinking skills by providing tools within the text.
about her low weight (a BMI of 16) and very low blood pressure during a routine yearly consultation to renew her oral
contraceptive pill prescription and for a ‘pap smear’. Blood tests taken in the Emergency Department found that she had
Case study features provide an in-depth focus on topics
severe anaemia and she reported that she had lost an extreme amount of weight (30 kg) during the past year. from the chapter. When related to a specific disorder, the
Rachel said her weight loss started when she choked while eating a beef steak about a year previously. She was eating
dinner in a restaurant when this occurred and she became very distressed, both because of the physical discomfort of case studies cover the history, assessment and treatment of
coughing and gagging for several minutes and the intense embarrassment she felt for causing a scene in public. Since
this event she had avoided eating in public and had become very restrictive in her eating habits. Initially she cut out the subject involved. Review questions have been written
all red meat, then all meat. Over time, she eventually eliminated all solid foods so that she consumed only liquid dairy
products or vegetables (e.g., carrot juice).
38
to help students improve their critical thinking skills.
While Rachel accepted that she was now underweight, was unhappy with her appearance at such a low weight and Abnormal psych
was no longer losing weight, she reported a terror of eating solid foods and that she struggled to drink enough to regain ology 4e
weight. So she agreed to nasogastric tube feeding in the hospital.
Rachel has no past history of an eating disorder or major mental illness. She described being anxious as a child,
beginning when she experienced high distress during her first weeks at school as a result of being separated from REVIEW QUES
her mother. Due to this anxiety, her school entry was delayed for six months and she was eventually enrolled in an
TIONS
alternate school where her mother could join her each day at school during her first year. Rachel has LO been1.otherwise
1
well and, even though she was previously moderately well-built (she described herself as ‘chubby’), she 1.1
has not dieted
What are the
or restricted her food intake in the past as a way to reduce her weight. 1.2 How does four main criteria that are use
Wakefield’s no d to differentia
A psychiatrist at the hospital diagnosed Rachel as having ARFID. A barium swallow test revealed no thephysical
concepts of me tion of ‘harmful te abnormal be
dysfunction’ he haviour from no
impediments to swallowing. As a result of finding no physical obstructions, Rachel was commenced on In what ways do dical disorder and social devia
1.3a ‘swallowing’ lp to differentia
te the concep
rmal behaviour?
rehabilitation program, with swallowing exercises, anxiety management training and gradual increases in the consistency es the classifica nce? t of mental dis
medical disord tion of psycholo order from
of her oral intake, starting with semi-solids such as baked custard and iron supplements given for anaemia. She made a ers (e.g., cancer)? gic al disorders (e.
g., depression
good recovery over the next three months, by which time she had resumed a solid diet with the exception LO 1.of2red meat, ) differ from the
classification of
which she did not want to eat ever again. She had also regained a healthy amount of weight and was 1.4 What
no longer anxious
were the main
about eating in public. perspective changes in be
? havio urism that allo
1.5
How is the be wed the deve
havioural appro lopment of the
psychoanalytic ach to underst cognitive-behavi
ap proach? an ding mental oural
barium swallow 1.6 If an
intake disorder, namely, ‘other specified feeding or eating disorder’ and ‘unspecified feeding ind or eating
ividual inherits dis ord ers fundamenta
A test that is used develop a biological vu lly different from
disorder’. Compared to the DSM-IV, the DSM-5 entails using less strict criteria for anorexia nervosa
a disorder? Ex lne rab ility for a menta the
to determine plain using the l disorder, does
and bulimia nervosa and includes binge eating disorder in its own right. TheseLO changes
1.3 reduce the biopsychosoc
ial model of me this mean that
the cause of ntal disorders. he/she is destin
number of people who are likely to fall into the residual eating/feeding disorder 1.7 categories. This ed to
difficulty with What were the
swallowing. The is an important development as the former residual DSM-IV category was relatively 1.8 Honeglected by main limitations of
w can the reliab the DSM-I and
patients drinks researchers despite evidence from many studies that between a third and a half 1.9of individuals with ility of a menta DSM-II?
In what ways did l disorder diagn
a preparation disturbances regarding their eating, shape and weight did not meet the DSM-IV criteria for
1.10 List the ma anorexia the DSM-III dif osis be improve
in In fer fro m its predecessors? d?
containing barium nervosa or bulimia nervosa and thus fell into the residual category (Fairburn & Harrison, 2003). limitations of the
categorical sys
sulphate, which other words, a substantial number of people with significant eating and body image disturbances were tem of classificatio
is a metallic
n reflected in the
being neglected. DSM-III and be
yond.
compound that
shows up on
REFERENCES
There are five ‘other specified feeding or eating disorder’ (OSFED) types described in the
X-rays and is
DSM-5. These are atypical anorexia nervosa (where all criteria are met for anorexia nervosa, except
Allard , J.,
used to see low weight); bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder of low (less than weekly) yce frequency Suppesand/or
, T., & van Os,
the psychosis J. (2007). Dim
abnormalities in duration of binge eating/compensatory episodes; purging disorder (purging behaviours
Psychiatrin the phe
absence
notype. Interna
tional Journal
ensions and
Andrews, G.,
of binge eating); and night eating syndrome (excessive eating after the evening ic Research, 16, of Methods in Hall, W., Teeson
the oesophagus Americmeal or eating at S34–S40. . M.,
lth of Australian & Henderson, T. (1999).
an Psychiatric Ass The mental hea
and stomach. night after awakening from sleep). The ‘unspecified feeding or eating disorder’ category
manual of menta is to beoci atio n (19 52). Diagnostic Department of s. Canberra: Co
l disorders. Wa and statistical Health and Aged mmonwealth
used when the feeding or eating disorder causes significant distress and/orAm impaired
erican Psypsychosocial
chiatric Associatio
shington, DC: Au
thor.
Australian Psy Care.
chological Soc
functioning but there is insufficient information to specify the type of disorder (e.g.,
l of in n (1968). Diagno iety (2010).
manua meemergency
ntal disorders (2n stic and statistica psychological inte
rventions in the Evi dence-based
hospital settings). American Psychi d ed.). Washingt l literature review treatment of me
atric Associatio on, DC: Author. (3rd ed.). Melbo ntal disorders:
Two final conditions are listed among the DSM-5’s feeding and eating ma nual of methat
disorders, n (1980). Diagno Ayllon, T., & Az urne: Author. A
ntal is, pica
disord ers (3r
stic and statisti
cal rin, N. (1968).
Amsubstances
erican Psychi(e.g., d ed.). Washington, system for therap The token economy:
and rumination disorder. Pica refers to the eating of one or more non-food soap,
atric Ass ociatio DC: Author. y and rehabi A motivational
manual of menta n (1987). Diagno Century-Crofts litation. East No
l disorders (3rd stic and statistica . rwalk: Appleton
Author. ed., revised). Wa l Baker, D. B., -
shington, DC: & Benjamin,
American Psy the scientist-pr L. T. (2000). The
chiatric Associ actitioner: A affirmation of
statistical manua ation (1994). Psy cho look back at
l of mental disord Diagnostic and log ist, 55, 241–247. Boulder. Americ
Author. ers (4th ed.). Wa Bandura, A. (19 an
shington, DC: 77). Social learni
American Psychi Barton, W. E. ng theory. Oxford
: Prentice-Hall.
atric Associatio (1987). The his
rie66620_ch09_235-280.indd 240 manual of menta 07/11/17 06:50 AM n (2000). Diagno Psychiatric Ass tor y and influen
ce of the Americ
l disorders (4th stic and statistica ociation. Washi 08/01/17
rie66620_fm_i-xxvi.indd xxii DC: Author. ed., text revisio l Press. ngton, DC: Am 10:34 AM an
n). Washington, erican Psychiatri
American Psychi Bech, P. (2002) c
atr . Pha
 CHAPTER 6

126 Bipolar disorder

Abnormal ps
ychology 4e

scribes her
Philip B. Mitchell order. She de
of bipolar dis
ab ou t the ir experience nd itio n as follows:
up Greg
eak out ab out her co
Murray hotics
decision to sp the anti-psyc
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y am I so afr aid of people xxiii
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nage it so
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CHAPTERcy? I wo OUTLINE or relationships, so
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the other pe let the rest of has be en ng with the dis
to do it for all secret, and to erience of livi
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ke ep life wit
to LEARNING a normal
OBJECTIVES
u can live (LO)
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SUPPORTING STUDENT Corporation—L
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6.3ibr Describe
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6.1 Differentiate
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rie66620_ch06_125-146.indd episode
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d-1800s. He suc
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revision and summarises core concepts before depression).

moving on to the next chapter.

CONNECTING WITH TODAY’S STUDENTS 07/08/17 01:4
4 PM

Today’s students learn in multiple modalities. Not every student will

rie66620_ch06
_125-146.indd
126

sit down and read traditional printed chapters in linear fashion from
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allows lecturers to assign readings, and students to highlight, take
notes, search and experience integrated media
∙ PowerPoint® study aids for students
∙ for instructors, a testbank that instructors can use to create
quizzes and assignments as well as newly authored PowerPoint
presentations, text artwork and videos to supplement lectures and
course materials.

rie66620_fm_i-xxvi.indd xxiii 08/01/17 10:34 AM

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Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
gezondheid gerukt, en moet derhalven wel lijden; alleenlijk duldt zij dat
lijden in het vooruitzicht van langs dien doornigen weg eens den tempel
van het geluk te zullen berijken; vandaar haare onderwerping, die
daarom te laager is, om dat zij een wantrouwen op de Voorzienigheid
insluit:

Die vleesch voor zijne toevlugt houdt,

En op zo krank een steunsel bouwt,
Heeft ongetwijfeld God vergeten;
Hij echter, uit wiens hand wij eeten,
Hij zorgt alleen; Hij neemt en geeft,
’T is recht dat Hij ’t vertrouwen heeft.

Wat vooreerst betreft de

LIGGING

Van Naarden, die is in ’t oosterdeel van Nederland, ten noorden van

Holland, en wel bepaaldlijk in ’t Gooiland 1, waarvan het [3]de hoofdstad
is, aan de Zuiderzee, niet verre van de grenzen van ’t sticht van Utrecht:
aan drie zijden is de stad omringd van hoog heiland, terwijl zij alleenlijk
aan de westzijde laage weilanden heeft.

NAAMSOORSPRONG.

Over deeze wordt bij de oudheidkundigen verscheidene gissingen

gemaakt, doch wij gaan dezelven met stilzwijgen voorbij, alzo de eene zo
ongegrond als de andere is, en zij derhalven onzen Leezer weinig
vermaaks kunnen geeven: Gooiland vinden wij dat weleer Nardingerland
heette, waarschijnelijk naar eene bezitster of bezitter, zo als de naam
Gooiland ook ontstaan is, (zie bladz. 2 in Nota,) Narding of Nardinger
geheten, en daar het steedjen waarvan wij thans spreeken de hoofdstad
van dat grondgebied was, is het te begrijpen hoe hetzelve dan den naam
van Naarden heeft bekomen.
 STICHTING en GROOTTE.

Het tegenwoordig Naarden ligt op eenen geheel anderen grond, dan de

oude stad van dien naam, en waarvan de overblijfsels weleer (onder den
naam van Oud-naarden,) gevonden werden, in een klein gehucht, en
aanzienlijke lustplaats, veel nader gelegen aan de Zuiderzee, welke de
oude stad allengskens overstroomd heeft; thans is die hofstede
veranderd in eene boerewoning: ’t is ook in veel vroegere tijden een
monnikkenwoning geweest. Oud-naarden, of liever geheel
Nardingerland, ook wel Naardinkland genoemd, werd, vermoedelijk door
Jan van Arkel, den zeven - en veertigsten Bisschop van Utrecht,
verwoest, zodanig dat de stad tot een puinhoop gemaakt werd, die door
de zee verzwolgen is: sommigen willen zelfs dat wanneer zekere wind,
(wij vinden niet bepaald welken,) eenigen [4]tijd lang waait, en de zee
afloopt, dat men dan nog blijken van ruïnen van kerken, met takken van
afgeknaagde boomen omzet, boven water ziet komen.

Nardinkland is vervolgends meer dan ééns van bezitter veranderd, en

wel op den naam van Graafschap; ’t verval moet echter van tijd tot tijd
dieper doorgedrongen weezen; want wij vinden er van gewaagd als van
eene stad en plaats die verlaten was; ’t zij nu dat zulks of geheel of voor
het grootste gedeelte verlaten zal betekenen, dit is zeker, dat Graaf
Willem van Beieren, in den Jaare 1350, bevel gaf en handvest
verleende om weder eene stad Naarden te bouwen, zijnde dezelve dat
Naarden ’t welks thans bestaat, en waarvan onze Lezer op ons plaatjen
eene naar het leven getekende afbeelding medegedeeld wordt;
hebbende onze tekenaar zijnen stand genomen van den kant van
Amsteldam, om reden dat hij dan ook iet van de beroemde sterkten
konde laaten zien.

Men kan dan zeggen dat Naarden in den Jaare 1350 gesticht is door
Graaf Willem van Beieren; de omliggende Landzaaten werden tot den
bouw gelast: de handvest zegt dat Naarden door den Graaf weder werd
herbouwd; om dat de luijden, en zijne Landen wel gezlooten zullen
wezen.

De Stad bevat volgends eene opneeming van den Jaare 1732, vier
honderd en zeven huizen, waarop zij ook nog, (of ten minsten zeer nabij,)
geteld wordt; dit is naamlijk het getal der huizen binnen de stad; het getal
derzelven in haare gerechtigheid, en het gehucht Laag-bussem, wordt
bepaald op drie-en-zeventig: intusschen vertelt het uitwendige der huizen
in de stad, (eenige weinigen uitgezonderd,) verstaanbaar genoeg, dat de
inwooners in geene bloejende omstandigheid leeven. [5]

Naarden is vermaard voor eene zeer aanzienlijke sterkte, het heeft

behalven zijne schansen, nog drie dubbelde wallen en grachten: heerlijk
is het gezicht aldaar over de schoonste bastions, ravelijns, bolwerken,
gordijen, contrascarpen, pallissaden, grachten, enz. dezelven zijn
aangelegd naar het ontwerp van den zo bekwaamen als vermaarden
Ingenieur Baron van Coehoorn; de voornaamste sterkte der stad
bestaat echter in de afgegravene velden, die rondsom haar liggen, en
nog gestadig uitgebreid worden; over dezelven, kan door middel van den
Vechtstroom; de environ der stad tot op eenen aanmerkelijken afstand
onder water gezet worden; voords heeft de stad twee poorten, naamlijk
de Amsterdamsche en de Amersfoordsche: deezen zijn geen onaartige
gebouwen, versierd met hardsteenen lijsten, waarin het wapen der stad
gebeeldhouwd is, benevens het jaar van hunne bouwing en dat van eene
verbetering daar aan geschied: het jaar der bouwing van de
Amsteldamsche poort is uitgedrukt met deeze romeinsche cijffers: CIↃ.
ICC. LXXXI. en dat der verbetering door het jaartal 1774; de zelfde
getallen voor de andere poort, (de Amersfoordsche,) is CIↃ. ICC. LXXXII,
en 1775.

’T W A P E N .
Is een zwarte dubbelde arend, op een goud veld.

KERKLIJKE en GODSDIENSTIGE GEBOUWEN,

De voornaamste deezer is de Gereformeerde Kerk, welke bediend wordt

door drie Predikanten: het gebouw van binnen is groot en ruim, en pronkt
met de begraafplaats, (versierd met een deftig opschrift,) van den
geleerden Rector Lambertus Hortensius, dien onze Lezer ook nader
zal leeren kennen; hij was rector der Latijnsche schoole: ook vindt men in
de kerk, een in wit marmer uitgehouwen gedenkstuk. [6]ter eere van Prins
Willem den Derden, (wat de aanleiding daartoe gegeven heeft, zal
onze leezer in ’t vervolg van dit blad te duidelijk kunnen opmaaken, dan
dat wij er hier iet van behoeven te zeggen; dit alleen kunnen wij hem
verzekeren, dat het zijne geboorte niet verschuldigd is aan eene domme
zucht, maar aan erkentenis voor wezenlijke verdiensten,) voords heeft
deeze Kerk een fraai orgel, benevens een choor; vóór dezelve leest men
het jaartal 1648, denkelijk het jaar waarin zij gebouwd is: de toren die er
op staat te redelijk groot, en steekt te meer uit om dat de grond der stad
tamelijk hoog is.

Er is ook eene Fransche Gereformeerde Kerk, die door één’ predikant

bediend wordt;

Een Roomsche die één’ pastoor heeft;

Een Joodsche Sijnagoge; maar er is geene Luthersche Kerk.

De verdere Godsdienstige gebouwen zijn een Diaken Weeshuis; het

zelve is gesticht in den jaare 1747, en dient zo wel ter herberginge van
oude mannen en vrouwen, als van kinderen; het getal der gasten welken
zig daarin bevinden is veertig.

Het Burgerweeshuis, gesticht in den jaare 1644, bezit zeer aanmerkelijke

goederen en inkomsten; echter heeft het thans niet meer dan vier
kinderen te voeden.
 WERELDLIJKE GEBOUWEN.

’T voornaamste van deezen is het Stadhuis, een gebouw ’t welk het

steedjen eere aandoet, zijnde in zijne soort zeer fraai, pronkende van
binnen met eenige kunstige schilderijen; het is van buiten versierd met
een net toorentjen, waarin een klok hangt, op die wijze als men
meermaals in kleine steden vindt: men wil dat het hout tot dit [7]gebouw
gebruikt, gehaald zoude weezen uit het zogenaamde Goojer-bosch, dat
weleer ten zuiden van het dorp Hilversum gestaan heeft: van buiten
boven den ingang pronkt het met drie wèl gehouwene beelden,
vertoonende de Gerechtigheid, aan wier rechterhand de Godsdienst, en
aan de linkerhand de Hoop staat; onder deeze beelden leest men:

GOD REGIERT AL. Anno 1601.

In de gevel staat:

IS ’T LEIJDEN IS ’T VREVGT,
DRÆGTET SOO ’T GOD VERGT.

Het oude Stadhuis, in ’t welk weleer een gruwel gepleegd werd, waarvan
wij onzen Leezer straks verslag zullen doen, dient thans voor een Waag;
voor dezelve ziet men, in drie steenen, afgebeeld, nevens bijschriften, in
rijmen van dien tijd, het treurig voorval, ’t welk wij zo even bedoelden.

Voords zijn in Naarden twee magazijnen, waarvan het eene een zeer
schoon gebouw, en wel der bezichtiginge waardig is.

Weleer, doch in zeer veel vroeger tijd, moet Naarden ook eene Latijnsche
School gehad hebben, want de Rector daarvan heeft zig in de
Spaansche beroerten eenen naam verworven: (zie bladz 11.)

Zo in de stad als tusschen de wallen vindt men verscheidene gebouwen,

die echter niet meer dan schuuren zijn, waarin eene toerijkende
hoeveelheid van amunitie in voorraad is,
 REGEERING.

Deeze bestaat uit den Bailluw van Gooiland, zijnde thans de WelEd.
Heer Corver Hooft, den Schout, drie regeerende Burgemeesters en
zeven Schepenen, die woensdag vóór den middag ten half tien uure
vergaderen; een-en-dertig Vroedschappen, benevens een Thesaurier,
drie Weesmeesteren, [8]en twee Secretarissen: de
Magistraatsverandering geschiedt op den 2 Februarij.

Naarden bezit de volgende

VOORRECHTEN,

Welke haar meestal ten tijde der Graaven geschonken zijn.

Weleer werd het stedeke mede onder de Hollandsche steden ter

dagvaart beschreven, doch van die waardigheid, of dat voorrecht, is het
sedert beroofd; dat zeker jammer is, want Naarden heeft ook haare
bijzondere belangen, en zelfs heeft het allergeringste steedjen die, ja ook
het platte land.… dit echter is een point buiten ons bestek, derhalven
dringen wij het niet dieper door: het doorzoekend oog van den burger
heeft het in onze laatste onlusten ook doorzocht.

Willem van Beieren, haaren stichter, gaf haar het voorrecht van vrijheid
van zekere tollen, en van het arrest op haare goederen, ook schonk hij
haar eene eigene rechtbank en Schepens: in 1357 verkreeg zij het
stapelrecht, op de visscherijen, van die visschen, „die men landen zal in
Holland, Kennemerland, en Friesland;” dit was eene vergelding voor
eene dappere overwinning door de Naarders op die van Amersfoord
behaald; Hertog Jan van Beieren heeft Naarden vergund de heirvaarten,
togten, en ’t heffen van ’s Lands lasten, als mede dat zij sluizen mogt
leggen waar ’t haar goed dacht: Carel van Bourgondiën verzekerde
haar ook, dat het geheele Gooiland nooit van den Lande van Holland
zoude gescheiden worden.
Dit tot ons oogmerk genoeg gezegd zijnde, moeten wij, alvoorens van de
aanmerkelijke historie der stad te spreeken, nog iet aanstippen van
derzelver [9]

GILDEN.

Deezen zijn drie in getal, als 1.) het Timmermans en Metzelaars, 2.) het
Kleeremaakers gild, en 3.) dat van de zijdenstoffeweevers; dan dit is
thans bijna geheel vervallen.

SCHUTTERIJ.

Niet anders hebben wij hiervan kunnen opspooren, als dat Naarden,
slechts sedert drie-en-twintig jaaren, gerekend van het jaar der
jongstledene omwenteling van zaaken, eene gewapende schutterij heeft
gehad; in het gemelde jaar, 1787, bestond dezelve uit twee compagniën,
ieder van zestig man; doch in dat jaar hebben zij het lot van veele
anderen Schutters ondergaan, zij zijn naamlijk ontwapend, of (dat thans
het zelfde zegt,) hunne geweeren zijn opgehaald, en zij afgezet; hunne
plaats is echter vervuld met drie compagniën soldaaten, ieder van circa
vijftig mannen, voetvolk, ofschoon er sedert twintig jaaren geene melitie
in gelegen heeft; niet mede gerekend een beevend corps van 80
knikkende grijsaarts, onder den naam van invaliden: deezen hebben
lange jaaren alleen de bewaring der sterke stad op hunne zwakke
schouderen getorscht: thans houden zij de Amsterdamsche poort bezet.

BEZIGHEDEN en VERMAAKEN.

Vermaaken!—deezen zijn bij die van Naarden bijna onbekend, indien

men daaronder niet betrekt, in ’t zondagspakjen langs de schansen te
sukkelen, of te hoop op de aankomende schuiten te staan tuuren, om de
dartele Amsteldammers te zien aanlanden; waaronder dikwijls veelen
gevonden worden, dom genoeg om met de schamelheid van ’t steedjen
te lagchen.
De bezigheden van die van Naarden, bestaan meest in ’t laakenweeven,
voords in ’t verrichten van die bezigheden welken in de zameleving
onontbeerelijk zijn—er is niet meer dan één koornmolen: langs de schans
vindt men eene vrij groote touwbaan. [10]

G E S C H I E D E N I S D E R S TA D .

Om dit gedeelte van onzen taak bij eene algemeen bekende gebeurtenis
te beginnen, moeten wij den Leezer herinneren, hoe Graaf Floris de
Vijfde, in den jaare 1296, in de ongenade der Edelen vervallen zijnde, zij
hem gevangen hadden, en naar elders wilden vervoeren; maar de
kloekmoedige inwooners van Naarden, hier van bericht bekomen
hebbende, trokken onverschrokken uit om den Graaf te ontzetten,
schoon het deezen echter zijn leven kostte, want het is te over bekend,
dat de wreedaartige Gerrit van Velzen zijnen edelen Meester op eene
moorddaadige wijze ombragt; ware er deeze moordenaar niet bij
geweest, de Naarders zouden in dit geval zekerlijk den schoonsten
lauwer geplukt hebben: een der oude rijmchronijken zingt van dit geval
aldus:

Niet ver van Kronenburg, daar siet men in de velden,

De Naardenaars, die straks haar in de wapens stelden;
Heer Gerrit rijdt voor uit, en vraagt wat dat se doen?
Waarom die mannen haar met oorlogstuigh ontmoên?
D’outste der burgerij segt: ’t is, de Graaf te wachten:
Toen staan de troupen stil, die haaren Landsheer brachten.
Heer Gerrit wijkt te rugh, en naar de Grave steekt,
Die keert sijn paart, dat springt, maar valt en sijn been breekt,
Toen was ’t onmogelijk den Grave te bewaaren,
Alzo de Naardenaars haar op de hielen waren;
Van Velzen steekt den Graaf enz.

Toen in den jaare 1481, de Utrechtschen eene overwinning op de

Hollanders behaald hadden, meenden zij met list Naarden inteneemen,
daartoe waren zij allen verkleed in het gewoone gewaad van
dorpvrouwen; onder die gedaante vermeesterden zij ook de poorten, en
zouden de stad verbrand hebben, hadde men zulks niet afgekocht; die
van Naarden moeten derhalven in dien tijd geducht geweest zijn: deezen
wreekten zig het volgende jaar ook gevoelig over de ondergaane
vernedering; zij verdelgden toen naamlijk de sloten van Emmenes en
Westbroek, waarbij niet minder dan 1500 Utrechtschen het leven
verloren; de dappere Naarders behaalden daarbij ook zo groot [11]een
buit dat zij uit dezelve een toren stichtten, hunne behaalde victorie
vertoonende, met bijvoeginge van de woorden: „zwijg Utrecht!”

In den jaare 1486, is het grootste gedeelte der stad door de vlamme
vernield, waarom de dorpen daar rondom belast werd, de wallen, muuren
en vesten der stad weder te helpen herstellen, op halve kosten.

Verschrikkelijker is echter de ramp die de wreede Spanjaards het

steedjen (in 1572.) hebben doen ondervinden: in den eersten opgang der
hervorming genoot zij de zoetste rust; men hoorde er noch van
beeldstorming noch van vreemde Predikers; maar na zij zig voor Oranje
verklaard had, werd zij welhaast opgeëischt; haare bezetting beliep niet
meer dan 120 Duitschers; kloekmoedig echter werd de opeisching
afgeslagen; doch op het bericht dat Don Fredrik met geheel zijn heir op
de stad in aantogt was, ontzonk elk den moed; men zond eenige
Gemagtigden, en daaronder den Rector van ’t Latijnsche school,
Lambertus Hortensius, den Spanjaard tegen; onder weg ontmoetten
deeze den wreedaartigen bevelhebber, Juliaan Romero, die hun
verklaarde dat Don Fredrik, de zaak der stad Naarden aan hem gelaten
had, waarvan het gevolg was dat de Gezanten hem te voet vielen, en de
sleutels van de stad aanboden, waarvoor zij de toezegging verworven,
dat burgers noch bezetting aan goed noch leven zouden beschadigd
worden; dan laas! ’t was het woord van een’ vijand, die de geessel van
Nederland was, en zelfs met eeden spottede: aan ’t hoofd van 400 man
trok Romero binnen, en werd bij Gerrit Pieter Aartszoon, Schepen
der stad, deftig ter maaltijd onthaald, zo als zijne soldaaten bij de
ingezetenen gelijk goed onthaal genooten: dan, wat was het loon voor
deeze vriendlijkheid? na den maaltijd deed Romero, door eenen
trommelslager omroepen, dat alle de burgers en bezettelingen zig,
ongewapend, hadden te vervoegen in de Gasthuiskerk, welke toen voor
een Stadhuis diende, om er den eed aan zijne Majesteit te vernieuwen;
eenige weinigen mistrouwden dit bevel, en voldeeden er niet aan, maar
de overigen begaven [12]zig derwaards: intusschen wandelde zeker
Priester, midden onder de Spanjaards, voor de deur vergaderd, op en
neder, doch kwam welhaast de veege opgeslotenen aanzeggen, zij
hadden met hun geweeten pais te maaken en op hun einde te letten:
„maar,” zegt de ridder Hooft, „’t aanzeggen, bereiden en sterven, was
één ding:” ijsselijk was de moord die toe gepleegd werd; de Spanjaards
bonsden de deur open en schoten in ’t woeste heen onder de menigte;
werwaards deezen keerden liepen zij den dood te gemoet; de wanden
der kerk weeken niet, en de dood stond in de deur; moede van schieten,
stooven de moordenaars met ontblotene zwaarden de Kerk in, en
doorboorden allen die nog overgebleven waren; vier persoonen alleen
werden op belofte van zwaar rantsoen naar de gevangenis gebragt:
ofschoon nu het bloed ter Kerke uitstroomde was zulks echter nog niet
genoeg; de ontzielde ligchaamen werden verders van alles wat eenige
waarde had beroofd, en daarna, o gruwel! den brand in het gebouw
gestoken, en de zieltogenden met de dooden tot assche verbrand;
behalven eenige soldaaten, bedroeg het getal der burgeren welken dus
allerwreedaartigst omgebragt werden, volle vierhonderd.

Intusschen was voor hen die aan het opontbod voorgemeld niet voldaan
hadden, een dergelijk zo niet nog wreeder lot toegezegd; want nu had
men het geheele heir der Spanjaarden binnen de muuren, de roovers in
de huizen, en het wee door al de stad; jammerlijk was het klaagen,
huilen, kermen en gillen der gemartelden, gemengd met het loejen der
beesten in de brandende stallen opgesloten; sommige vaders werden, tot
op het bloote lijf ontkleed, voor de oogen van hunne vrouwen en kinderen
als visschen gekorven; een man van zeventig jaaren, stak men in den
hals, ontvong het gutsende bloed in de handen, slurpte daarna een
gedeelte er van op, en doorboorde voords den rampzaligen grijsaart het
hart; de zieken werden in hunne bedden vermoord, ja ook werden de
krankzinnigen niet gespaard; verscheidene burgers sleepte men tot op
het dak van de groote Kerk, stak hun een dolk in ’t lijf, en stietze dan
plotsling van boven neder; de vrouwen werden bij de voeten, anderen, en
die bevrucht waren, bij de borsten opgehangen; hoog zwangeren ’t kind
uit het lichaam gesneden; maagden, en meisjens [13]van dertien of
veertien jaaren werden beestachtig verkracht; de vrouwen ondergingen
dat lot in ’t aanzien van haare mannen en zoons: onder andere
kraamvrouwen deeden zij er eene, barrevoets, in een onderroksken, met
een wichtjen van éénen dag, en een ander van agttien maanden, over de
doode ligchaamen haarer stadgenooten heen, ter poorte uitgaan; deeze
kwam echter behouden in het dorp Huizen aan, en weder tot haare
voorige gezondheid: toen de bloedhonden niets meer dat gevoel had
konden doen lijden, viel men op het onbezielde aan; poorten, muuren,
torens, alles werd.… maar genoeg, wij sluiten dit akelig verhaal met de
woorden van zeker dichter:

Met welk een wreedheid zocht de vijand elk den moed,

Te doen ontzinken! doch verkeerd, wijl goed en bloed,
Niet meer geveiligd scheen, wanneer men was verdragen,
Dan als men weêrstand bood; dies elk besloot te waagen
Al wat hen dierbaar was, voor ’t allerdierbaarst pand,
De vrijheid van ’t gewisse en van het Vaderland.

Sedert ging Naarden aan de zijde der Staaten over, en men vocht zo als
het Batavieren voegt.

In het jaar 1668, was er tusschen de Staatsleden een verschil over het
versterken van Naarden, en welk verschil van dat gevolg was, dat het
versterken achterbleef.

Honderd jaaren na den voorverhaalden algemeenen moord, binnen de

muuren van Naarden, had dat steedjen eenen anderen gewigtigen slag
doortestaan; in den oorlog met Frankrijk naamlijk (1672.) nam de
Markgraaf van Rochefort, Naarden in, waarvan den Prins van Oranje
de schuld gegeven werd; hij had, zegt men, geene bezetting genoeg
daarin gelegen.

In ’t volgende jaar kwam de Prins van Condé in persoon derwaards, en

werd met twaalf kanonschoten van de wallen verwelkomd: Willem de
Derde heeft ondernomen de stad te belegeren, en ’t is hem ook gelukt
dezelve uit de magt der Franschen te rukken, en der Republiek
wederteschenken: dat de Franschen in Naarden lagen was de Staaten
een doorn in den [14]voet; wèl lag het land rondom onder water, maar ’t
liep tegen den winter, en zo er sterke vorst kwam was men derhalven van
niets verzekerd: intusschen hadden de Franschen eenige oude
vestingwerken aldaar laaten verbeteren, maar aan den anderen kant was
ook een goed gedeelte van de bezetting, die wegens de bekrompenheid
van het steedjen niet groot konde zijn, ziek; weder, integendeel, lag
binnen Naarden een Gouverneur, Van Pas genoemd, die bekend stond
voor eenen man van beleid en dapperheid; Oranje echter ondernam
den aanslag; om den vijand te misleiden, liet hij eenige troupen naar den
kant van Braband marcheeren, als of hij aldaar iet in den zin hadde: in ’t
laatst van Augustus evenwel vernam de Gouverneur wat van de zijde der
staatschen stond ondernomen te worden, welke maare ook kort daarna
met de daad bevestigd werd; want den 19 September eerstvolgende
(1672.) sloeg Oranje het beleg voor de stad; zeven dagen werd zij
belegerd, en daarna bemagtigd.

Van dien tijd af heeft Naarden niet veel deels in de staatsverschillen,

waardoor ons lieve Vaderland van tijd tot tijd geteisterd is geworden,
gehad; maar in onze jongstledene beroerten, waarvan wij nog overal de
opene wonden voelen bloeden, bleef zij niet verschoond; en hoe had zij
ook kunnen verschoond blijven, daar ’t magtig Amsteldam, om ’t welke
het voornaamlijk te doen was, voor een gedeelte van dat steedjen zijne
verdediging verwacht!
De algemeene patriotsche landsversterking werd derhalven te Naarden
geenzins vergeeten; de Colonel van Matha, werd met toerijkende
manschap derwaards afgezonden; een gedeelte van het Amsteldamsche
Genootschap van Wapenoefening Tot nut der Schutterij, trok den 8
September des jaars 1786, derwaards, om bezit van de sterkte te
neemen, en dezelve, in gevalle van aanval, zelven te helpen verdedigen;
dan, op hunnen marsch derwaards, ontvingen zij bericht, dat Matha hun
niet zoude toestaan in de stad te komen, omdat zij niet voorzien waren
van een patent van de Provinciaale Staaten. [15]

Toen verders de zaaken tot die hoogte gekomen waren dat men de
Pruissen in het Land had, begreepen ook deezen dat zij noodig hadden
Naarden te winnen; ten dien einde werd, den 17 Sept. 1787, de Generaal
Major von Kalckreuth uit het leger bij Amersfoort, met 40 Cuirassiers
van zijn regiment, benevens het eerste bataillon van Eichman derwaards
afgezonden, om met den Commandeur Matha in onderhandeling te
treeden, en te zien hoe het steedjen best te naderen was; in den nacht
van gemelden dag kwamen de Pruissen voor Naarden, en legerden zig
op eenigen afstand van de vesting; dan, zij oordeelden weder te moeten
aftrekken, om gemaklijker posten te gaan inneemen; Naarden heeft
zekerlijk aanstonds doen zien, dat het zig niet goedkoop zoude
overgeeven; men trok derhalven af, om den linker oever van de Vecht te
gaan winnen; de aftogt geschiedde reeds ten volgenden dage, (den
18den Sept)—’t was echter maar voor een korten tijd; want na dat de
kans geheel verloren was, en alles met Pruissische troupen bezet werd,
heeft ook Naarden dezelve moeten inneemen; zij hebben er evenwel niet
langer dan elf dagen gelegen: sommigen zeggen dat er op zekeren nacht
uit het steedjen geschoten is, waarbij een koe in ’t veld zijne hoornen
verloor; of ’t op de Pruissen gemunt was is ons echter onbekend, zo ja,
zou ’t, volgends ’t voorgaande, in dezelfden nacht moeten geschied
weezen, dat Kalckreuth zig voor het steedjen nêersloeg.

BIJZONDERHEDEN.
Die Naarden gaat bezichtigen vraage vooral naar Oud-naarden, zo
genoemd, of eigenlijk de aanmerkelijke overblijfzelen van de aloude stad
van dien naam. (zie hier voor Bladz. 3.) ’t is niet meer dan eene
boerewoning; doch de ligging van dezelve is zeer verrukkelijk, naamlijk
midden in bosschen, akkers en heuvelen, van welken het gezicht op het
onverwachtst afgewisseld wordt, met eene verrasschende vertooning van
de Zuiderzee. [16]

De schansen, wallen, en grachten, zijn over bezienswaardig; ook kan

men gelegenheid vinden om onder dezelven te komen; doch ’t is er zeer
salpeterachtig en onaangenaam.

De gebouwen, Bladz. 5 en 6 beschreven.

Men heeft er eene schoone wandeling naar de hei, of het zo genaamde

huis van Jan Tabak.

LOGEMENTEN.

De Keizers kroon.
Het vliegende Hart.

Voor den burger.

Het Jaagschuitjen,
Een tweede, ook zo genoemd.
Het bonte Paard.
Het witte Paard.

REISGELEGENHEDEN.
Alle dagen vaaren er 6 Schuiten van daar, door Muiden, op Amsteldam,
en komen er ook evenveel aan: de Arnhemsche postwagen passeert er
ook; men vindt er mede niet ver van de Amsterdamsche poort, eene zeer
geschikte uitspanning, alwaar men ten allen tijde een rijtuig kan
bekomen. [1]

1 Dit grondgebied werd door Keizer Otto den Tweeden geschonken aan zekere
Abdisse Goedela, waarvan het den naam bekwam van Goedelaland, dat is het land
van Goedela; deeze naam, (Goedelaland,) is door de zo vermogende
klankverbastering veranderd, eerst in Goeiland, en daarna in Gooiland. ↑
[Inhoud]
Het dorp Huizen
Dus schetst de Tekenkunst het schoon en vrolijk HUIZEN,
Een Gooische voorraadschuur van tuingewas en graan,
Dat ons d’ alouden staat van ’t Land nog doet herdenken,
Als ’t snorrend spint, of zijn getouwen bonzend gaan:
Het ruime Zuidermeir zet door de visscherij,
Het breede dorp ook welvaart bij.
 HET
DORP
HUIZEN.

Van dit dorp mag met recht gezegd worden, dat het één der
voornaamsten van het vermaaklijk Gooiland is, deszelfs

LIGGING,

Is anderhalf uur gaans beoosten Naarden, digt aan de Zuiderzee, wier

strand, even als te Muiderberg en elders, zeer flaauwlijk afloopt, zo dat
men bijna een half uur ver in zee zoude kunnen gaan, zonder zig hooger
dan tot den midden toe nat te maaken, welke eigenschap des oevers in
den zomer geene onaangenaame uitspanningen verschaft: (zie onze
beschrijving van Muiderberg voornoemd.)

Het dorp ligt voords alleraangenaamst, ter oorzaake dat veele van de
hooge en laage gedeelten des lands bebouwd zijn, en men er ook een
gezicht op de Zuiderzee, voornoemd, heeft; doch de huizen staan er in
geene bepaalde roojing; elk heeft er zijn bebouwden grond of akker bij,
zo dat het graan, en andere landvruchten, er als tusschen de huizen
ingroejen: bij dit dorp behoort voords eene ongemeen groote Meente,
waarvan wij, onder onze beschrijving van Laaren, breedvoerig genoeg
gesproken hebben.

NAAMSOORSPRONG

Van deezen vinden wij niets aangetekend; ook hebben onze

navorschingen ons desaangaande niets kunnen doen ontdekken;
sommige ingezetenen beweeren, op overleveringen, dat Huizen eigenlijk
een visschers dorp is, en, daar de visschers gemeenlijk hutten
bewoonen, hier ter plaatse veele goede huizen gevonden wordende, men
daarom dit visschers dorp vereerd heeft met den naam van Huizen, als of
men zeggen wilde, het visschers dorp daar Huizen en geene hutten
staan; wat de waarheid hiervan zoude weezen kunnen wij niet beslissen.

STICHTING en GROOTTE.

De stichting, of eerste aanleg des dorps is mede met geene mogelijkheid

te bepaalen; men wil dat het reeds zeer oud zij.

Wat de grootte betreft, het wordt in de quohieren der [2]verpondingen

begroot op 271 en een halve zwad, 11 voeten weiland, 256 morgen, 690
roeden geestland, en nog 177 morgen, 645 roeden zulk land, onder
Bussem gelegen; allen Gooische morgen van 800 roeden groot;
intusschen geschiedt deeze begrooting alhier even als op alle andere
plaatsen van Gooiland, naamlijk van het schotbaare land, zonder de
uitgestrektheid van de heiden mede te rekenen.

Dat het dorp Huizen, sedert groote honderd jaaren, niet weinig gebloeid
moet hebben, blijkt uit de toeneeming van het getal der wooningen
aldaar, in gemelden tijd: op de lijst van 1632, vindt men er 136 voor
aangetekend, en op die van 1732, is dat getal veranderd in 285, des is
het in gezegde honderd jaaren met 149 huizen vergroot, dat is meer dan
ééns zo groot geworden—de bewooners deezer huizen zijn meest van
den Gereformeerden Godsdienst; men heeft er ook veele
Doopsgezinden, en eenige weinige Roomschen.

’T W A P E N .

Dit is een melkmeisjen, draagende twee emmers, op een zilveren veld.

KERKLIJKE en GODSDIENSTIGE GEBOUWEN.

De Dorps- of Gereformeerde kerk, die alhier gevonden wordt, heeft

uitwendig geene bijzonderheid van eenig aanbelang; zij draagt een
dikken zwaaren toren, met slagklok en uurwijzer voorzien: van binnen is ’t
gebouw ongemeen fraai aangelegd; ’t gezicht op den predikstoel en